# Commentary on Daniel (fragments)

- Author: [Polychronius of Apamea](https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/authors/polychronius-of-apamea/)
- Latin title: *In Danielem (fragmenta)*
- Date: ca. 400-430 (approximate)
- Source: Angelo Mai, ed., Scriptorum veterum nova collectio e vaticanis codicibus edita, vol. 1 (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1831), part 2, pp. 1-27 (Polychronii in Danielem scholia) (Greek text: A. Mai (1831); OCR made for this site. Mai's Latin translation and notes are not reproduced.)

- Translation: Claude, from the original text, unless a passage says otherwise; each passage below gives the translator
- Editions and translations: Migne, PG 93 (reprint of Mai's text)
- Work page: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/
- Passages: 438

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains that Daniel begins with the exile, not the fall of Jerusalem, as the setting for his own story.

### Greek text

Ἐν ἔτει τρίτῳ τῆς βασιλείας Ἰωακείμ. Ἄρχεται μὲν τῶν λόγων ὁ προφήτης ἐκ τῆς ἀποικίας ἑβραίων· οὐ τὴν ἅλωσιν τῆς πόλεως σκοπὸν ἔχων εἰπεῖν· ἱκανῶς γὰρ αὐτὴ δέδεικται ἔκ τε τῶν τοῦ προφήτου Ἱερεμίου λόγων· ἀλλ᾽ ἀφορμὴν ἑαυτῷ διδοὺς τῆς διδασκαλίας· οὐ γὰρ ἠδύνατο εἰπεῖν ἐν οἵοις γέγονε καὶ τί διεπράξατο κατὰ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα, μὴ πρότερον φήσας αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀποικίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim." The prophet begins his account with the exile of the Hebrews, not aiming to tell of the capture of the city (for that has been shown sufficiently from the words of the prophet Jeremiah), but giving himself a starting point for his teaching; for he could not say in what circumstances he came to be and what he did in Babylon without first stating his exile.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:1. The Greek is restored from the page image of Mai's edition (1831), since the Tesseract OCR was unusable; see the correction.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius distinguishes two kings named Jehoiakim.

### Greek text

Ἰστέον δὲ ὡς δύο γεγόνασιν Ἰωακείμ, ὁ μὲν εἷς ὁ καὶ Ἰεχονίας λεγόμενος, ὁ δὲ δεύτερος ὁ καὶ Ἐλιακείμ· τοῦ δευτέρου βασιλεύοντος ἐγένετο ὑπὸ Ναβουχοδονόσορ ἡ ἅλωσις τῆς πόλεως.

### English translation (Claude)

One should know that there were two Jehoiakims: the first, who is also called Jechoniah; the second, who is also called Eliakim. It was while the second was reigning that the capture of the city by Nebuchadnezzar took place.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:1: allusion, high confidence
- 2 Kgs 23:34: allusion, medium confidence
- 2 Kgs 24:6: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:1. As printed, the order is the reverse of the biblical one (Eliakim/Jehoiakim reigned before Jechoniah/Jehoiachin, 2 Kgs 23:34; 24:6); translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius argues that Dan 1:1–2 describes Judah becoming tributary to Babylon, not its final destruction, which came under Zedekiah.

### Greek text

Ἦλθε Ναβουχοδονόσορ. Οὐ τὴν παντελῆ πόρθησιν τῶν Ἰουδαίων μηνύει· οὔτε γὰρ Ἰωακεὶμ φαίνεται εἰς ἀποικίαν ἀπελθών· ἕνδεκα γὰρ ἔτη βασιλεύσας κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον, ὡς αἱ ἱστορίαι διδάσκουσι· καὶ οὔτε ἡ πόλις ἢ ὁ ναὸς δεινόν τι πέπονθεν· ἐπὶ γὰρ Σεδεκίου τὴν ἐσχάτην ὑπέστη καταστροφήν· ἀλλὰ τὸ ὑπόσπονδον εἶναι τῷ Βαβυλωνίῳ δηλοῖ· διὰ τοῦτο πρότερον φήσας ὅτι ἐπολιόρκει αὐτήν, τότε ἐπήγαγε, καὶ ἔδωκε κύριος ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ τὸν Ἰωακεὶμ βασιλέα, ἀντὶ τοῦ ὑπεξούσιος αὐτῷ γεγένηται.

### English translation (Claude)

"Nebuchadnezzar came." He does not indicate the complete destruction of the Jews; for Jehoiakim does not appear to have gone into exile, since he ended his life after reigning eleven years, as the histories teach; nor did the city or the temple suffer anything terrible, for it underwent its final overthrow under Zedekiah. Rather, it shows that it became tributary to the Babylonian. That is why, having first said that he besieged it, he then added, "And the Lord gave Jehoiakim the king into his hand," instead of "he became subject to him."

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:1: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 1:2: quotation, high confidence
- 2 Kgs 23:36: allusion, medium confidence
- 2 Kgs 25:1–10: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:1–2; compare 2 Kgs 23:36; 24:1; 25:1–10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Only part of the temple vessels were taken because Jerusalem had not yet fallen.

### Greek text

Ἀπὸ μέρους τῶν σκευῶν οἴκου θεοῦ. Ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἐσχάτην ἅλωσιν κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν ὑπέστησαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Part of the vessels of the house of God." Since they did not suffer their final capture at this time.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:2: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:2. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius outlines the king's instructions on choosing and training the young captives.

### Greek text

Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰσαγαγεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας. Εἶτα εἰρηκὼς ὁποίους ἐκλεγῆναι προσέταξεν, ὅπως δὲ διακειμένους τά τε περὶ ψυχὴν καὶ κατὰ σῶμα, καὶ ἐπὶ τίνι τῇ αἰτίᾳ, καὶ ἐπὶ πόσῳ τῷ χρόνῳ, προστίθησι δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὴν δίαιταν τῶν νεανίσκων.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the king told him to bring in some of the sons of the captivity." Then, having said what kind of young men he ordered to be chosen, and how they were to be disposed both in soul and in body, and for what reason, and for how long a time, he adds also what concerned the young men's diet.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:3–5: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:3–5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius discusses the meaning of the word rendered 'nobles' in Dan 1:3.

### Greek text

Ἀπὸ τῶν φορθομμίν. Φορθομμὶν δὲ Ἰώσηππος μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἐθνῶν λέγει· τινὲς δὲ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν ἡρμήνευσαν· παρὰ δὲ τῷ ἑβραίῳ τῶν εὐγενῶν κεῖται, ἀντὶ τοῦ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ βασιλικοῦ γένους.

### English translation (Claude)

"From the phorthommin." Josephus says phorthommin means "from the other nations"; some have translated it "of the chosen"; but in the Hebrew it stands for "of the nobles," that is, "of those of royal descent."

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:3: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Josephus, Ant. 10.186 (Josephus (works)): allusion, low confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:3 (Theodotion's transliteration φορθομμιν of Hebrew partəmîm, "nobles"). The reference to Josephus is as printed (compare Ant. 10.186). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'unblemished' youths were handsome and healthy.

### Greek text

Οἷς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς μῶμος. Ἀντὶ τοῦ ὥρᾳ τε τῶν λοιπῶν διαφέροντας, καὶ εὐεκτοῦντας τὸ λοιπὸν σῶμα.

### English translation (Claude)

"In whom there is no blemish." That is, surpassing the others in bloom of youth, and sound in the rest of the body.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:4. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The youths were quick learners.

### Greek text

Καὶ γινώσκοντας γνῶσιν. Δυναμένους ῥᾷστα λαβεῖν τὰ μαθήματα.

### English translation (Claude)

"And knowing knowledge." Able to take in their lessons most easily.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:4. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius infers that Daniel was taken in this first deportation and brought at once to the palace.

### Greek text

Ἐγένετο ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰούδα Δανιήλ. Ὥστε δῆλον ὅτι κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον ᾐχμαλωτίσθησαν· προτέρα γὰρ αὐτῆς αἰχμαλωσία ὑπὸ τοῦ Βαβυλωνίου οὐ φαίνεται γενομένη· ὧδε οὖν ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ ἔτει τοῦ Ἰωακεὶμ ἀποικίσας τοὺς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν οἰκοῦντας, ἐκλεγῆναι τοὺς νεανίσκους· οὗτοί τε ἐξ ἁπάντων ἐλήφθησαν, εὔδηλον ὡς αἰχμαλωτισθέντες εὐθὺς καὶ δοκιμασθέντες εἰς τὰ βασίλεια εἰσήγοντο.

### English translation (Claude)

"Among them, from the sons of Judah, was Daniel." So it is clear that they were taken captive at this time; for no captivity by the Babylonian earlier than this one appears to have taken place. So here, in the third year of Jehoiakim, having deported the inhabitants of Judea, he had the young men chosen; and these were taken from among all, evidently being brought into the palace as soon as they were captured and examined.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:6. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel refused the king's food because it came from idol sacrifices.

### Greek text

Ἔθετο Δανιὴλ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ. Μολυσμὸν εἶναι κρίνων τὸ τοιούτων μεταλαμβάνειν, ἐπειδήπερ τοῖς εἰδώλοις θρησκεύοντες, τὴν ἐκεῖθεν αὐτοῖς ἀφωρισμένην μοῖραν εἰς εὐωχίαν ἐλάμβανον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Daniel resolved in his heart." Judging it to be defilement to partake of such things, since those who worship idols received from them the portion set apart for them for feasting.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:8. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as refs 1.11 and 1.12) is joined here and those refs are held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-13
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains the title 'chief eunuch'.

### Greek text

Ἀρχιευνοῦχον καλεῖ τὸν τῶν κατ᾽ οἶκον ἁπάντων ἀνημμένον τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν, καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας διακονούμενον.

### English translation (Claude)

He calls "chief eunuch" the one entrusted with the care of the whole household and who serves its necessary needs.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:9: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:9 ("chief eunuch", 1:3, 7–11). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.13 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-13).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God's favor and Daniel's shrewdness won the chief eunuch's sympathy.

### Greek text

Ἔδωκεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν Δανιὴλ εἰς ἔλεον. Θαυμαστὸν πῶς εἶναι δοκεῖ τὸν νέον ὄντα τὴν ἡλικίαν καὶ ἄρτι ᾐχμαλωτισθέντα, τοσαύτης μετασχεῖν παρρησίας· οὐ κατεφρόνησε δὲ ὡς μειρακίου ὁ ἀρχιευνοῦχος, ἀλλ᾽ ἐθαύμασε τῆς ἀγχινοίας, καὶ ᾤκτειρε τὴν μεταβολὴν τῶν πραγμάτων, λογιζόμενος ὡς βασιλικοῦ γένους ὤν, τὴν τῶν θητευόντων ἔλαχε τάξιν· ἔοικε δὲ Δανιὴλ τὴν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων ἱκετείαν ποιεῖσθαι.

### English translation (Claude)

"God gave Daniel favor." It seems wonderful how one young in age and just taken captive shared in such boldness. Yet the chief eunuch did not despise him as a boy, but admired his shrewdness and pitied the reversal of his fortunes, reckoning that, though of royal descent, he had been allotted the rank of servants. Daniel seems to make the request on behalf of them all.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The chief eunuch feared the king would notice the youths' condition and punish him.

### Greek text

Εἶπεν ὁ ἀρχιευνοῦχος. Ἐθέλειν μὲν ὑπακούειν καὶ πειθαρχεῖν τοῖς λεγομένοις, δεδιέναι δὲ τοῦ κρατοῦντος τὴν ἐξουσίαν· μήποτε οἷα φιλεῖ γίνεσθαι, εἰς δοκιμασίαν τῶν τρεφομένων ἐλθὼν ὁ βασιλεύς, εἶτα διάφορον τῆς εὐεξίας τῶν σωμάτων θεασάμενος, καὶ ἀκριβῶς ἀνακρίνας τὴν αἰτίαν, γνῷ τὴν τῶν βρωμάτων ὑφαίρεσιν, καὶ δίκας ἔμπροσθεν θέμενον τῆς βασιλικῆς εὐνοίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"The chief eunuch said." That he was willing to listen and obey what was said, but feared the power of the ruler: lest, as tends to happen, the king should come to inspect those being fed, then see a difference in the good condition of their bodies, examine the cause closely, learn of the withdrawal of the food, and he be punished for having put this before the king's goodwill.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:10. The last clause (καὶ δίκας ἔμπροσθεν θέμενον τῆς βασιλικῆς εὐνοίας) is obscure; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel proposed a test rather than a prophecy, and the result convinced the official.

### Greek text

Πείρασον δὴ τοὺς παῖδας. Οὐχ ὡς προφήτης περὶ τῶν ἐσομένων ἀποφαίνεται· οὐ γὰρ εἶχε καιρὸν ἡ τοιαύτη παρρησία· ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ τέλους πιστοῦται τὰ λεγόμενα, ὅπερ εἰκὸς ἦν, καὶ τῷ ἀκούοντι εὐπαράδεκτον· ἀληθῆ τοίνυν τὰ παρὰ τοῦ δικαίου ἐγνωκώς, οὐκέτι ἐνεδοίαζεν εἰς τὸν μετέπειτα χρόνον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Test your servants." He does not declare the future as a prophet, for such boldness had no place then; but from the outcome he confirms what was said, which was likely and acceptable to the hearer. Having found, then, that the righteous man's words were true, he no longer hesitated for the time that followed.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:12: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 1:16: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:12–16. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius argues that Daniel's abstention was not merely to avoid idol food but a deliberate fast and prayer, to show God's power to the Babylonians.

### Greek text

Ὡράθησαν αἱ ἰδέαι αὐτῶν. Ἀλλ᾽ ἣν τινὰ μὲν ἄρα γνώμην ἔσχον εἰς τὰ βασίλεια εἰσαχθέντες, ἐγνώρισεν ἡ θεία γραφή· σκοπῆσαι δὲ ἀκόλουθον ὅτου περ ἕνεκεν ἐξετράπετο τῆς βασιλικῆς τραπέζης μεταλαμβάνειν ὁ δίκαιος· εἰ μὲν γὰρ διὰ τὸ εἰδωλόθυτα εἶναι μόνον, ἐδύνατο πείσειν τὸν ἐπιτεταγμένον καθαρὰ μολυσμάτων δοῦναι αὐτοῖς ἐδέσματα· ἀμέλει καὶ πεῖσαι ἐξίσχυσαν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα, σπέρματα αὐτοῖς παρασχεῖν εἰς ἐδωδήν· ἄλλως τε καὶ ἄρτον μεταλαμβάνειν ἄνευ τινὸς μολυσμοῦ ἐξῆν, εἴ γε μόνον παρεφυλάττοντο· ἀλλ᾽ ἐνταῦθα μάλιστα δείκνυται τῶν δικαίων ἡ γνώμη. Καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγα. Ἐδικαίωσαν νηστεῦσαι, μετὰ νηστείας συντόνῳ τῇ πρὸς θεὸν χρήσασθαι ἱκεσίᾳ, ὡς καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ ἰσχὺν δήλην ποιῆσαι Βαβυλωνίοις, καὶ τὴν περὶ αὐτοὺς δεῖξαι πρόνοιαν, καὶ καταισχῦναι τὴν ἀλαζονίαν τῶν ἐχθρῶν, ὃ δὴ καὶ γέγονεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Their appearance was seen." What intention they had when they were brought into the palace, divine Scripture has made known; but it follows to consider for what reason the righteous man turned away from partaking of the king's table. If it was only because it was offered to idols, he could have persuaded the one in charge to give them food clean of defilement; indeed they prevailed on the overseer to give them seeds to eat; and besides, they could have taken bread without any defilement, had they only been careful. But here above all the purpose of the righteous is shown. And a little after: They judged it right to fast, and with fasting to make earnest supplication to God, so as both to make his strength plain to the Babylonians, to show his providence for them, and to put to shame the boastfulness of their enemies; which indeed came to pass.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:15: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 1:16: allusion, high confidence
- Dan 1:12: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:15–16; "And a little after" is Mai's or the catena's mark that something is passed over. The staged text broke this scholion into four pieces (1.17–1.20); the continuation is joined here and refs 1.18–1.20 are held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1-2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains that the youths learned letters, not magic, and that dream interpretation was Daniel's special gift.

### Greek text

Ἐν πάσῃ γραμματικῇ. Γραμματικὴν δὲ λέγει τὴν ἐν γράμμασι σοφίαν· οὕτω γοῦν καὶ Ἀκύλας λέγει, ἐν παντὶ βιβλίῳ· ἵνα γὰρ μή τις νομίσῃ, ὅτι παρὰ Χαλδαίοις παιδευόμενοι, τὰ μαγικὰ ἐμάνθανον, καὶ ὅσα τῆς εὐσεβείας ἦν ἐκτός, ἀναγκαίως προσέθηκεν, ἐν πάσῃ γραμματικῇ καὶ σοφίᾳ· ἀντιδιαστέλλων τῶν κατὰ γοητείαν καὶ κατά τινα περιεργασίαν γινομένων, τὴν λοιπὴν τῶν γραμμάτων διδασκαλίαν. — Τὴν μὲν τῶν γραμμάτων εἴδησιν κοινῶς ἀνέθηκε τοῖς τέσσαρσιν· ἐξαίρετον δὲ τὸ περὶ τὴν διάκρισιν τῶν ἐνυπνίων ἔφη προσεῖναι τῷ Δανιήλ· νῦν γὰρ ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ διηγεῖται τὰ πράγματα κατὰ τὸ τῆς γραφῆς ἰδίωμα.

### English translation (Claude)

"In all learning." By "learning" (grammatikē) he means wisdom in letters; so too Aquila says "in every book." For lest anyone think that, being educated among the Chaldeans, they learned magic and whatever lay outside godliness, he necessarily added, "in all learning and wisdom," distinguishing from what is done by sorcery and by curious arts the rest of the teaching of letters. He attributed the knowledge of letters to the four in common, but said that the discernment of dreams belonged especially to Daniel; for now he narrates the events as in summary, according to the manner of Scripture.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:17. Aquila's rendering is cited. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 1–2).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):1-2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-1-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'end of the days' is the three-year training, though Daniel showed his wisdom earlier in interpreting the dream.

### Greek text

Μετὰ τέλος τῶν ἡμερῶν. Τέλος μὲν οὖν ἡμερῶν λέγει τοὺς τρεῖς ἐνιαυτούς, μεθ᾽ οὓς ἐκρίθη αὐτοὺς παραστῆσαι ἐπίδειξιν τῶν μαθημάτων· σκοπῆσαι δὲ δεῖ ὡς πρὸ τούτου τοῦ χρόνου τῆς αὐτῆς σοφίας τὰς ἀποδείξεις παρέσχετο Δανιὴλ τῆς ἐξηγήσεως τοῦ ἐνυπνίου· ὡς ὀλίγῳ ὕστερον δείκνυσιν αὐτὸς ὁ ἱστοριογράφος.

### English translation (Claude)

"At the end of the days." By "the end of days" he means the three years after which it was decided to present them for a display of their learning. But one must observe that before this time Daniel gave the proofs of this same wisdom in the interpretation of the dream, as the historian himself shows a little later.

### Scripture references

- Dan 1:18: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 1:5: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 1:18 (compare 1:5; 2:1). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 1.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/1-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains the 'second year' as dated from Nebuchadnezzar's conquests and sees God's timing in revealing the dream after only one year of the youths' training.

### Greek text

Ἐν τῷ ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῆς βασιλείας Ναβουχοδονόσορ. Μετὰ τὸ κατακρατῆσαι τὸν Ναβουχοδονόσορ καὶ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου, ἑαυτὸν ἐξ ἐκείνου βασιλέα ἀριθμεῖσθαι ἠξίωσεν, ἀληθῆ βασιλείαν εἶναι κρίνας, ᾗ μηδὲν εἴη τὸ ἀνθιστάμενον· τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐν τῇ συνηθείᾳ ἐστὶν εὑρεῖν, τὸ τοὺς παρελθόντας τῷ χρόνῳ λήθῃ τρόπον τινὰ παραδοθέντας, ἐκ παραδόξων πραγμάτων ἢ προσώπων ἢ δοξῶν ἀπάρχεσθαι τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ. Καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγα. Θαυμάσαι δέ ἐστι πάσης σοφίας τὸν δεσπότην· οὐ γὰρ συνεχώρησε τὸν τριετῆ χρόνον διελθεῖν, ἐν ᾧπερ ἐπήχθησαν παιδεύεσθαι οἱ παῖδες, ἀλλ᾽ ἐνιαυτοῦ μόλις παρῳχηκότος δείκνυσι τὸ ἐνύπνιον· ὡς ἂν μὴ τῇ τῶν μαθημάτων ἀσκήσει ἐπιγράψῃ τῶν ῥηθέντων τὴν γνῶσιν· ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ εὐθὺς ἐν ἀρχῇ, ἵνα δοκιμασθῇ τῶν δικαίων ἡ γνώμη, καὶ ὀφθῇ κύριος μὴ ἄκριτον τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρέχων χάριν· δείκνυσιν οὖν τῷ βασιλεῖ τὴν ὄψιν ὁ θεός, οὐ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐξουσίαν μόνον διδάσκων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς δικαίους περιφανεῖς ἐργαζόμενος.

### English translation (Claude)

"In the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar." After Nebuchadnezzar had conquered both Judea and Egypt, he thought fit to be counted king from then on, judging that to be a true kingdom which nothing opposed. This is found in common usage too: that those who in time past have, as it were, been handed over to oblivion begin their count from remarkable events or persons or reputations. And a little after: One must admire the Master of all wisdom; for he did not let the three-year period pass during which the youths were brought to be educated, but when scarcely a year had gone by he shows the dream, so that the king might not ascribe the knowledge of what was said to their practice in learning; nor yet at the very beginning, so that the purpose of the righteous might be tested and the Lord be seen not to give his grace without discernment. So God shows the king the vision, not only teaching his own authority but also making the righteous illustrious.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:1. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 2.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains that God made the king forget his dream so that the magi would fail and Daniel's divinely given knowledge would be manifest.

### Greek text

Ἐξέστη τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ. Πνεῦμα λέγει αὐτὴν τὴν φαντασίαν, ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ ἀσφαλῆ τὴν ἐν τοῖς ἐνυπνίοις ὄψιν γίγνεσθαι, ἀλλὰ δίκην πνεύματος διαλύεσθαι· κεῖται γὰρ κατὰ ὑπόδειγμα χωρὶς τοῦ ὡς, κατὰ τὸ τῆς γραφῆς ἰδίωμα· διὸ καὶ ἀσαφὲς πως εἶναι δοκεῖ. — Εὔδηλον ἐντεῦθεν ὡς τὸ πνεῦμα τὴν μνήμην ἐκάλεσε· σαφῶς γάρ φησι, ἐξέστη τὸ πνεῦμά μου τοῦ γνῶναι· τὸ ἐξέστη ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπέστη· ὁ δὲ Σύμμαχος, καὶ διηπόρει, φησί· λήθη οὖν τῆς ὄψεως ἔσχεν αὐτόν, ὡς ἀπορεῖν περὶ τὴν μνήμην ὧν εἶδε, μεμνημένον ὅτι ἑώρακεν· οἰκονομία δὲ θεοῦ, καὶ τὸ ὀφθῆναι τῷ ἀσεβεῖ βασιλεῖ τὰ μέλλοντα, ὧν ἐξηγητὴν ἔδει γενέσθαι τὸν προφήτην· καὶ τὸ ἐπιλαθέσθαι, ἵνα διὰ τοῦ προφήτου γνωσθῇ· ὡς ἂν οἵ τε ἐπαοιδοὶ μὴ ἔχωσιν ἕτερα ἀνθ᾽ ἑτέρων σοφίζεσθαι, τὸν βασιλέα τυχόντα σχεδιάζεσθαι· καὶ μετὰ τὸν ἔλεγχον τῆς ἐκείνων διανοίας δειχθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς θείας χάριτος εἰδὼς τὰ λανθάνοντα ὁ Δανιήλ· ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ, ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἦσαν οἱ ἀνθιστάμενοι, ἤρκεσε τῶν ἐνυπνίων ἡ ἑρμηνεία· ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἐπειδὴ ὁ κρατῶν ἠλαζονεύετο, οἵ τε μάγοι τῇ προλήψει μεγάλην ἐκέκτηντο δόξαν, καὶ τρόπον τινὰ κρίσις ἦν τῆς τε τοῦ θεοῦ δυνάμεως καὶ τῆς τῶν δαιμόνων ἀπάτης, οὐχ ἁπλῶς οἰκονομεῖ λησθῆναι τὸ ἐνύπνιον· πρότερον τοὺς μάγους ἀπορῆσαι· ὡς ἂν ἡ σύγκρισις σαφῆ τῆς ἀληθείας ποιήσηται τὴν εἴδησιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"His spirit was troubled." He calls the imagination itself "spirit," because the vision in dreams is not secure but dissolves like a breath; for it is put as an image, without "as," according to the manner of Scripture; and so it seems somewhat obscure. — It is clear from this that he called the memory "spirit"; for he says plainly, "my spirit departed from knowing it": "departed" (exestē) in the sense of "went away"; Symmachus says, "and he was at a loss." So forgetfulness of the vision seized him, so that he was at a loss about the memory of what he had seen, though he remembered that he had seen it. It was God's dispensation both that the future was shown to the impious king, of which the prophet was to become the interpreter, and that he forgot it, so that it might be made known through the prophet; so that the enchanters might not be able to make up one thing for another and improvise for the king as it happened; and that after their thinking had been exposed, Daniel might be shown to know hidden things by divine grace. For in Joseph's case, since there were none who opposed him, the interpretation of the dreams sufficed; but here, since the ruler was boastful, and the magi had acquired great reputation by prejudice, and there was in a way a contest between the power of God and the deceit of demons, he does not simply arrange that the dream be forgotten; first the magi had to be at a loss, so that the comparison might make the knowledge of the truth clear.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:1: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 2:3: quotation, high confidence
- Gen 41:1–36: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:1, 3; Symmachus's rendering is cited. Compare Gen 41 (Joseph). The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 2.3) is joined here and 2.3 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius distinguishes the classes of Babylonian diviners.

### Greek text

Καλέσαι τοὺς ἐπαοιδούς. Ἐπαοιδοὺς μὲν λέγει τοὺς μάντεις, ὥς τι προλέγοντας· μάγους δὲ τοὺς χαλδαίους κατά τινα περιεργίαν καὶ φαντασίαν ποιοῦντας· ὁ δὲ Σύρος συντόμως λέγει τοὺς σοφοὺς Βαβυλῶνος, τουτέστι τοὺς πεπαιδευμένους τὴν βαβυλωνίων ἐπιστήμην.

### English translation (Claude)

"To call the enchanters." By "enchanters" he means the soothsayers, as foretelling something; by "magi" the Chaldeans who practise curious arts and illusions; but the Syriac says briefly "the wise men of Babylon," that is, those trained in the learning of the Babylonians.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:2: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:2; the Syriac version is cited. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king accuses the wise men of stalling to avoid being exposed.

### Greek text

Καιρὸν ὑμεῖς ἐξαγοράζετε. Ἐοίκατέ φησι τὸν παρὰ πόδας ἔλεγχον φεύγειν· καὶ ἐπειδήπερ λέγειν τὸ ὀρθὸν οὐκ ἔχετε, ἀρκοῦσαν πρόφασιν εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦτο ἔχειν νομίζετε.

### English translation (Claude)

"You are buying time." You seem, he says, to be fleeing the refutation at your feet; and since you cannot say what is right, you think this a sufficient pretext for your defense.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:8. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God let the magi confess their inability so that Daniel's revelation would display his power.

### Greek text

Ὁ λόγος, ὃν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπερωτᾷ, βαρύς. Οἰκονομεῖ ταῦτα λεχθῆναι παρὰ τῶν μάγων ὁ θεός, ἵν᾽ ὅταν Δανιὴλ λέγῃ τὰ ἀπόρρητα, κηρυχθῇ τοῦ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ σεβομένου θεοῦ ἥ τε δύναμις καὶ ἡ ἐξουσία· εἰ γὰρ πρὸ τῶν ἐλέγχων τὸ μὲν ἐνύπνιον διελθὼν εἶπεν ὁ Δανιήλ, σοφίσασθαι ἄλλοτε ἄλλως ἠδύναντο οἱ μάγοι τὰ λεγόμενα.

### English translation (Claude)

"The thing the king asks is hard." God arranges that the magi say this, so that when Daniel tells the hidden things, both the power and the authority of the God he worships may be proclaimed. For if Daniel had told the dream before they were exposed, the magi could have twisted what was said one way or another.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel approached Arioch calmly, trusting in prayer.

### Greek text

Τότε Δανιὴλ ἀπεκρίθη βουλήν. Τουτέστιν ἀταράχως προσῆλθε κοινωσόμενος αὐτῷ περὶ τῶν προκειμένων· οὐ καταπλαγεὶς μὲν τὸν θάνατον, θαρρήσας δὲ ταῖς πρὸς θεὸν ἱκεσίαις.

### English translation (Claude)

"Then Daniel answered with counsel." That is, he came forward calmly to confer with him about the matter at hand, not terrified by death but trusting in his supplications to God.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:14: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:14. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel asks why the king issued so harsh a decree.

### Greek text

Ἐπυνθάνετο αὐτοῦ. Ἀνάγγειλόν μοι ἀνθ᾽ ὅτου οὕτω παράνομος κατὰ πάντων ψῆφος ἐξενήνεκται παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ τοῦ κράτους· γνώμην γὰρ ἐκάλεσε τὴν κρίσιν τοῦ βασιλέως· ἀναιδῆ δὲ διὰ τὸ μὴ τοῖς νόμοις ἀκόλουθον εἶναι τὴν ἀπόφασιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He inquired of him." "Tell me why so lawless a sentence against all has been issued by the authority itself." For he called the king's decision a "decree"; and "shameless" because the sentence was not in accordance with the laws.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:15: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:15 (Theodotion: "Why has the shameless decree gone out?"). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Arioch, by God's providence, answered Daniel respectfully.

### Greek text

Ἐγνώρισεν ὁ Ἀριὼχ τὸ ῥῆμα. Δῆλον ὡς ἅπαντα κατὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ᾠκονόμητο χάριν· οὐ γὰρ ἠγανάκτησεν ὡς καθ᾽ ὑπευθύνου, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπαινέσας τῆς συνέσεως τὸ μειράκιον, λόγον μετέδωκεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Arioch made the matter known." It is clear that everything was arranged by the grace of God; for he was not angry as with one liable to punishment, but, praising the youth for his understanding, he gave him an account.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:15: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:15. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel leads his companions, though they share his zeal.

### Greek text

Εἰσῆλθε Δανιήλ. Πανταχοῦ μὲν φαίνεται ἡγούμενος τῶν πρακτέων ὁ Δανιήλ· ἴσως μὲν καὶ καθ᾽ ἡλικίαν πρεσβύτερος ὤν, τάχα δὲ καὶ θερμότερος ὢν περὶ τὴν εὐσέβειαν· οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀφυστεροῦσι τῇ περὶ τὰ καλὰ σπουδῇ.

### English translation (Claude)

"Daniel went in." Everywhere Daniel appears as the leader in what was to be done, perhaps because he was older in age, perhaps also because he was more fervent in godliness; yet the others too do not fall short in zeal for what is good.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:16: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:16. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The four youths prayed together, knowing only God reveals mysteries.

### Greek text

Οἰκτιρμοὺς ἐζήτουν. Κοινὸν γὰρ κατόρθωμα κρίνοντες ἡγούμενοι τοῦ ἀπορουμένου τὴν εὕρεσιν, εἰς εὐχὴν ἐτράπησαν· εἰδότες ὡς τῶν ἀπορρήτων οὐδεὶς ἕτερος ἔσται διδάσκαλος, ἢ θεὸς μόνος· μυστήριον γὰρ ἐκάλεσε τοῦ ἐνυπνίου τὴν γνῶσιν, διὰ τὸ ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ κεῖσθαι. — Εὔδηλον μὲν οὖν ὡς τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς εὐχῆς ἔσχον τοῦ βασιλέως τὴν ἀπόφασιν· ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ, ὡς οὐ διὰ τοῦτο μόνον ἐπὶ τὴν ἱκεσίαν ἐτράπετο, ἀλλ᾽ ὥστε ἐκ παραλλήλου γνωσθῆναι τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"They sought mercies." Judging the finding of what was in doubt to be a common achievement, they turned to prayer, knowing that no one else would be the teacher of hidden things but God alone; for he called the knowledge of the dream a "mystery" because it lay hidden. — It is clear that the king's sentence was the cause of their prayer; but it seems to me that he turned to supplication not for this reason alone, but so that the power of God might be known by comparison.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God answered the youths' prayer so that the righteous would not die with the ungodly.

### Greek text

Ὅπως μὴ ἀπόλωνται. Ἀντὶ τοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀσεβῶν οἱ δίκαιοι, ὡς μηδένα ἔχοντες προστάτην, καὶ τὰ παράδοξα γνωρίζειν δυνάμενον· διὸ καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἐπαινέσας αὐτῶν τὴν γνώμην, παρέχει τὰ τῆς αἰτήσεως.

### English translation (Claude)

"So that they might not perish." That is, so that the righteous might not perish with the ungodly, as having no one to protect them, and no one able to make known wonderful things; therefore God, praising their purpose, grants what they asked.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:18. The staged text broke this scholion over a column and a page; its continuation (staged as 2.13 and 2.14) is joined here and those refs are held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 2–3).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):2; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The mystery was revealed to Daniel, the leader and most fervent of the four.

### Greek text

Τότε τῷ Δανιὴλ ἐν ὁράματι. Καίτοι γε τέσσαρες ἦσαν οἱ τὴν εὐχὴν ποιούμενοι· ἀλλ᾽ ἡγεῖτο, ὡς ἔφην, τοῦ προκειμένου Δανιήλ· διόπερ ὡς οἶμαι καὶ ὡς θερμοτέρῳ περὶ τὴν εὐσέβειαν, ἀποκαλύπτει τὸ κεκρυμμένον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Then to Daniel in a vision." Yet there were four who made the prayer; but Daniel, as I said, led in the matter at hand; therefore, I think, because he was also more fervent in godliness, he reveals to him what was hidden.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:19: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:19. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 3.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel responded to the revelation with praise, not self-congratulation.

### Greek text

Εὐλόγησε τὸν θεόν. Οὐκ εἰς ἡδονὴν ἐτράπη, ὥσπερ εὐημερεῖν τοὺς παλαιοτέρους κατὰ τὸν χρόνον μᾶλλον, ἀλλ᾽ εἰς ὕμνον ἐχώρησε τοῦ δεσπότου, ἐπειδήπερ αὐτῷ τὸ τοῦ σκοποῦ πέρας εἴληφε· προσφόρους δὲ τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖται τῇ προκειμένῃ ὑποθέσει.

### English translation (Claude)

"He blessed God." He did not turn to pleasure, as people in former times were more inclined to do in good fortune, but went on to a hymn to the Master, since he had reached the goal of his aim; and he makes his words suited to the matter at hand.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:19: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:19. The clause ὥσπερ εὐημερεῖν τοὺς παλαιοτέρους κατὰ τὸν χρόνον μᾶλλον is obscure; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Praise belongs to Israel's God, not Babylon's gods.

### Greek text

Εἴη τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ εὐλογημένον. Τουτέστιν ὕμνων ἄξιος ὁ ἡμέτερος θεός, ἀλλ᾽ οὐχ οἱ Βαβυλῶνος θεοί.

### English translation (Claude)

"May the name of God be blessed." That is, our God is worthy of hymns, but not the gods of Babylon.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:20: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:20. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God, unlike idols, has neither beginning nor end.

### Greek text

Ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος. Τουτέστιν ὁ μήτε ἀρχὴν μήτε τέλος ἔχων, ὡς τῶν εἰδώλων ἐπινοηθέντων, καὶ ἀπολέσθαι δυναμένων.

### English translation (Claude)

"From eternity." That is, the one who has neither beginning nor end, since the idols were invented and can perish.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:20: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:20. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-19
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius sees in Daniel's praise a summary of God's eternity, creative power, and incorporeality, against Babylonian pride in wisdom and power.

### Greek text

Ἡ σοφία καὶ ἡ σύνεσις καὶ ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ ἐστί. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οἱ Βαβυλώνιοι ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ μέγα ἐφρόνουν· ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ ἐπὶ δυνάμει, ὡς ἁπάντων περιγενόμενοι· πολλὰ ἔχων εἰπεῖν, μᾶλλον δὲ τῇ ἐννοίᾳ τῶν ῥηθέντων ἐν κεφαλαίῳ περιλαβών· τὸ γὰρ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ὕμνων ἄξιον εἶναι τὸ θεῖον, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἦν κηρύττον, ὡς τὸ ἀΐδιον τὸ εὐεργετικόν· ᾧ δηλονότι συνεφαίνετο τὸ δημιουργικὸν καὶ μὴν καὶ τὸ ἀσώματον· οὐ γὰρ ἐνεδέχετο τὸν αἰώνων ποιητήν, σώματος ἀτέλειαν περικεῖσθαι.

### English translation (Claude)

"Wisdom and understanding and strength are his." For the Babylonians thought much of themselves for wisdom, and also for power, as having overcome all. He had much to say, but rather gathered it in summary in the thought of what he said; for that the divine is worthy of hymns for ever proclaimed nothing else than that what is beneficent is eternal; with which, clearly, its creative power appeared together, and indeed its incorporeality; for it was not possible that the maker of the ages should be clothed in the imperfection of a body.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:20: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:20. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.19 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-19).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 20

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-20
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Babylon's victory over the Jews was God's will, not its own strength.

### Greek text

Αὐτὸς ἀλλοιοῖ καιρούς. Ἵν᾽ εἴπῃ ὅτι τῆς αὐτοῦ βουλῆς ἤρτηται τὰ πάντα· εἶναί τε τινὰς ἐν ἀγαθοῖς καὶ πάλιν ἐν συμφοραῖς, τὰ κατὰ ἰουδαίους αἰνιττόμενος· καὶ διδάσκων ὡς Βαβυλώνιοι οὐκ ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει περιγεγόνασιν Ἰουδαίων, ἀλλὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦτο βουληθέντος.

### English translation (Claude)

"He changes times." To say that all things depend on his counsel, and that some are in good fortune and again in misfortune, hinting at what concerned the Jews; and teaching that the Babylonians did not overcome the Jews by their own power, but because God willed it.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.20 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-20).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Present rulers will soon be subject to others.

### Greek text

Καθιστᾷ βασιλεῖς καὶ μεθιστᾷ. Ἀμέλει φησὶν οἱ νῦν τὰ πάντα κατέχοντες, μικρὸν ὕστερον ἐπὶ τὴν ἑτέρων καταστήσονται ἀρχήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He sets up kings and removes them." Certainly, he says, those who now hold all things will a little later come under the rule of others.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'wise' are the God-fearing, trained in the law and prophets.

### Greek text

Διδοὺς σοφίαν τοῖς σοφοῖς. Σοφοὺς ἐκάλεσε τοὺς τὸν θεῖον κεκτημένους φόβον· εἰδότας σύνεσιν ἔφη τοὺς πεπαιδευμένους τὸν νόμον, καὶ τῶν προφητῶν τὴν δύναμιν ἐπισταμένους.

### English translation (Claude)

"Giving wisdom to the wise." He called "wise" those who possess the fear of God; and by "those who know understanding" he meant those trained in the law and who understand the power of the prophets.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius distinguishes 'hidden' and 'deep' things in Daniel's praise.

### Greek text

Ἀπόκρυφα ἐκάλεσε τὰ πᾶσιν ἄγνωστα· βαθέα δὲ τὰ φανερὰ μέν, οὐδέπω δὲ διακριθῆναι δυνάμενα· ἵνα εἴπῃ καὶ τὸ ἐνύπνιον, καὶ τοῦ ἐνυπνίου τὴν διασάφησιν.

### English translation (Claude)

He called "hidden things" what is unknown to all; and "deep things" what is plain but cannot yet be interpreted: meaning both the dream and the interpretation of the dream.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:22: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:22. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God knows all things in himself.

### Greek text

Τὸ φῶς μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐστι. Ἁπάντων γὰρ καὶ τῶν ἐν ἀφανεῖ κειμένων ἀκριβῆ κέκτηται τὴν εἴδησιν. — Τουτέστι τὴν ἁπάντων γνῶσιν ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ, οὐ δεόμενος παρ᾽ ἑτέρου ταῦτα λαβεῖν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The light is with him." For he possesses exact knowledge of all things, even of what lies in obscurity. — That is, he has the knowledge of all things in himself, not needing to receive it from another.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:22: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:22. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 25

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-25
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel names the God of his fathers to point to God's long providence and Israel's unworthiness.

### Greek text

Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων μου. Τῶν προγόνων ἐμνήσθη, ἵνα τὴν ἄνωθεν δείξῃ τοῦ θεοῦ πρόνοιαν· καὶ ὡς οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα Ἰουδαῖοι ὑπέστησαν, εἰ μὴ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἀναξίους τῆς θείας εἰργάσαντο χάριτος. Ὅτι σοφίαν, καὶ δύναμιν. Σοφίαν μὲν οὖν λέγει τὴν διασάφησιν τοῦ ἐνυπνίου· σύνεσιν τὴν γνῶσιν ἑαυτοῦ.

### English translation (Claude)

"God of my fathers." He recalled his ancestors to show God's providence from of old, and that the Jews would never have suffered these things had they not made themselves unworthy of divine grace. "For wisdom and power." By "wisdom" he means the interpretation of the dream; by "understanding" his knowledge of it.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:23: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:23. The staged text split this scholion at a column end; its continuation (staged as 2.26) is joined here and 2.26 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.25 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-25).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 27

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-27
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel interceded for the other wise men as well.

### Greek text

Ἀπολέσαι τοὺς σοφούς. Οὐ περὶ τῶν καθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν μόνον διελέχθη, ἀλλ᾽ ἐφρόντισεν ὅπως καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἐξαρπάσῃ τοῦ κινδύνου.

### English translation (Claude)

"To destroy the wise men." He did not speak about his own affairs only, but took care to snatch the others too from danger.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.27 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-27).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius notes that Arioch reported Daniel before bringing him in.

### Greek text

Εἰσήγαγε τὸν Δανιὴλ ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· εὕρηκα ἄνδρα. Εὔδηλον οὖν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα, ὡς ἡ σύνθεσις τῶν ῥημάτων οὐ κατὰ τάξιν κεῖται· οὐ γὰρ πρότερον εἰσήγαγε τὸν δίκαιον, εἶθ᾽ οὕτως τὴν εὕρεσιν ἀπήγγειλε τοῦ ἀνδρός· ἀλλὰ δῆλον ὡς ἀπαγγείλας, προστάξαντος τοῦ βασιλέως, εἰσήγαγε τὸν ἄνδρα.

### English translation (Claude)

"He brought Daniel in before the king and said to him, I have found a man." It is clear here that the order of the words is not sequential; for he did not first bring in the righteous man and then report finding him; but plainly, having reported it, he brought the man in at the king's command.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 29

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-29
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king, still doubtful, demands that Daniel prove himself by telling the dream itself.

### Greek text

Εἰ δύνασαί μοι ἀναγγεῖλαι. Φαίνεται ἀπιστεῖν περὶ τῶν ὑπισχνουμένων ἔτι· καὶ γάρ μοι φησὶ καὶ αὐτὸς κατὰ τοὺς μάγους τῶν χαλδαίων ἀπαιτήσῃς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ μαθεῖν τὸ ἐνύπνιον· οὐ γὰρ ἔχω λέγειν· ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν λεχθησομένων ἀλήθειαν πίστωσαι τῇ τοῦ ἀπορρήτου διηγήσει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Can you tell me?" He seems still to doubt what was promised. "For do not you too," he says, "like the magi of the Chaldeans, ask to learn the dream from me, since I cannot tell it; but confirm the truth of what you will say by telling the hidden thing."

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:26: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:26. The construction of the king's paraphrased words is loose in the Greek; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.29 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-29).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 30

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-30
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel calls the dream a mystery known only by divine knowledge.

### Greek text

Μυστήριον δὲ αὐτὸ ἐκάλεσεν, ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ τῆς θείας γνώσεως ὁμολογῶν κεκρύφθαι τὸ λεχθέν· οὐ τοίνυν φησὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα εἰδέναι ἐστὶ Βαβυλωνίων, κἂν τὴν ἄκραν ὦσι πεπαιδευμένοι σοφίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

He called it a "mystery," confessing that what was said lay hidden in the secret of divine knowledge. So, he says, to know such things does not belong to the Babylonians, even if they are trained in the highest wisdom.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:27: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.30 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-30).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 31

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-31
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel first tells the king's thoughts before sleep, so as to be believed about the dream.

### Greek text

Τοῦτό ἐστι. Ὁ πάντων γνώστης θεὸς οὐ μόνον τὸ ἐνύπνιον ἐδήλωσε τῷ δικαίῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ὄψεως τὴν αἰτίαν, καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως τὰ βουλεύματα· καὶ τὸ δειχθὲν προλαβών, λέγει καὶ ἃ πρὸ τοῦ ὕπνου διενοήθη, ἵνα ἀπὸ τοῦ ὁμολογουμένου ἀξιόπιστος γένηται καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀμφιβαλλομένων λέγων.

### English translation (Claude)

"This is it." God, who knows all things, revealed to the righteous man not only the dream but also the cause of the vision and the king's thoughts; and, before what was shown, he tells also what he had thought before sleep, so that from what was admitted he might become credible when speaking also about what was doubted.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:28–29: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:28–29. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.31 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-31).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 32

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-32
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God showed the king events of distant generations.

### Greek text

Ἀποκαλύπτων μυστήρια. Οὕτω σοι φησὶ διακειμένῳ, ἔδειξε τὴν ὄψιν ἣν ἐπελάθου, γνωρίζων τὰ πολλαῖς ὕστερον ἐσόμενα γενεαῖς.

### English translation (Claude)

"He who reveals mysteries." To you, he says, so disposed, he showed the vision you forgot, making known what would happen many generations later.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:29: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:29. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.32 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-32).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 33

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-33
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel disclaims any wisdom of his own and gives God the credit.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἐν σοφίᾳ τῇ οὔσῃ ἐν ἐμοί. Εἶτα ἀπωθούμενος ἑαυτοῦ τὸ θαῦμα, ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν θεὸν ἀναφέρων τοὺς ὕμνους, φησίν· οὐκ οἴκοθεν, οὐδὲ παρ᾽ ἐμαυτοῦ εἰδέναι ταῦτα αὐχῶ, οὐδὲ ἀφ᾽ ὧν πεῖραν τῆς ἐπιχωρίου σοφίας εἴληφα.

### English translation (Claude)

"And to me, not by wisdom that is in me." Then, pushing the wonder away from himself and referring the praise to God, he says: I do not boast that I know these things of my own or from myself, nor from the experience I have gained of the native wisdom.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:30: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:30. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.33 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-33).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 34

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-34
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God gave Daniel the meaning, and knowledge of the king's thoughts, for the king's sake.

### Greek text

Ἀλλ᾽ ἕνεκεν τοῦ τὴν σύγκρισιν τῷ βασιλεῖ γνωρίσαι. Θεὸς γάρ φησι, ὁ σοὶ διὰ τοῦ ἐνυπνίου τὰ πράγματα δείξας, ἐμοὶ τῶν σοὶ γνωρισθέντων τὴν σαφήνειαν δέδωκε· προσέθηκε δὲ καὶ τῶν σῶν βουλευμάτων τὴν εἴδησιν, ὡς ἂν ἔχοις περὶ τῶν λεγομένων ἀναντίρρητον τὴν γνῶσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"But in order to make the interpretation known to the king." For God, he says, who showed you the events through the dream, has given me the clear meaning of what was made known to you; and he added knowledge of your thoughts too, so that you might have an undeniable knowledge of what is said.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:30: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:30. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.34 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-34).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 35

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-35
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Nebuchadnezzar's empire and his conquest of Judea were God's gift.

### Greek text

Ὧι ὁ θεὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ βασιλείαν ἔδωκεν. Τοσούτων γὰρ οὐκ ἂν πώποτε περιεγένου, μὴ τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν ἰσχὺν δεδωκότος· αὐτὸς δὲ καὶ τοὺς οἰκείους ἁλῶναι πεποίηκεν ὑπὸ σοῦ. — Αἰνιττόμενος ὡς οὐκ ἂν τὴν Ἰουδαίαν κατέσχες, εἰ μὴ ὁ θεὸς ἐκδότους ἔδωκε τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας.

### English translation (Claude)

"To whom the God of heaven has given a kingdom." For you would never have overcome so many, had God not given you the strength; and he himself has caused his own people to be taken by you. — Hinting that you would not have held Judea had God not given up its inhabitants.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:37: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:37. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.35 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-35).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 36

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-36
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The beasts and birds stand for the warlike peoples subjected to Nebuchadnezzar.

### Greek text

Θηρία τὰ ἀγροῦ, καὶ πετεινά. Τοὺς ὀξεῖς κατὰ πόλεμον καὶ δυνατοὺς καὶ ῥωμαλέους τὸ σῶμα ὑπέταξέ σοι ὁ θεός, καὶ κατέστησε κύριον πάντων· ἀντὶ τοῦ οὐ μόνον σοι τὴν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ νίκην, ἀλλὰ καὶ βεβαίαν ἐχαρίσατο τὴν ἐξουσίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The beasts of the field and the birds." God has subjected to you those keen in war, powerful and strong of body, and made you lord of all: that is, he has granted you not only victory in war but also secure authority.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:38: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:38. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.36 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-36).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 37

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-37
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius identifies the kingdom that 'rules all the earth' with the empire of Cyrus.

### Greek text

Ἀναστήσεται βασιλεία ἑτέρα ἥττων σου. Οὐκέτι ἐνταῦθα ἥττονα ἔφη, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ προσθήκῃ τῶν ῥημάτων δυνατωτέραν ἀνέφηνε τὴν ἐξουσίαν· κυριεύσει γὰρ πάσης τῆς γῆς· ὁ γὰρ Κῦρος πολλῷ μείζονα τοῦ βαβυλωνίου τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐκτήσατο, καὶ πολλοὺς πολέμους κατώρθωσε τῇ θείᾳ συμμαχίᾳ.

### English translation (Claude)

"Another kingdom will arise, inferior to you." Here he no longer said "inferior," but by the addition of the words showed a more powerful authority: "it will rule over all the earth." For Cyrus acquired an empire much greater than the Babylonian, and accomplished many wars with divine help.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:39: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:39. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 2.39) is joined here, and 2.38 (stray letters) and 2.39 are held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 3–4).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.37 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):3; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-37).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 40

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-40
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The third kingdom is Alexander's Macedonian empire.

### Greek text

Βασιλεία τρίτη. Μηνύει μὲν τὴν μακεδονικὴν ἀρχήν· γνωρίζει δὲ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον.

### English translation (Claude)

"A third kingdom." He indicates the Macedonian empire, and makes known Alexander.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:39: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:39. Polychronius's identification of the kingdoms is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 4.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.40 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-40).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 41

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-41
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fourth, iron kingdom overthrew the Persians swiftly.

### Greek text

Βασιλεία τετάρτη ἰσχυρὰ ὡς σίδηρος. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον τῶν λοιπῶν περιεγένετο, ἀλλὰ καὶ Πέρσας ὑπέταξεν ὀλίγῳ τῷ χρόνῳ, πάσης ἐλπίδος ὀξύτερον τὰς περιφανεστάτας καθελὼν δυναστείας· λεπτυνεῖ οὖν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀσθενεῖς ποιήσει.

### English translation (Claude)

"A fourth kingdom, strong as iron." For it not only overcame the rest, but subjected the Persians in a short time, overthrowing the most illustrious dynasties more swiftly than anyone could have hoped. "It will crush," then, in the sense of "it will make weak."

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:40: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:40. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.41 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-41).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 42

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-42
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'root' means Alexander's successors continuing his empire.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἀπὸ ῥίζης ἐν αὐτῇ. Καὶ διὰ τούτων τῆς μακεδονικῆς ἀρχῆς ἔτι κρατούσης· τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ, τουτέστι τῇ ῥίζῃ· τὸν γὰρ Ἀλέξανδρον διεδέξαντο.

### English translation (Claude)

"And from the root, in it." By these words too he means the Macedonian empire still ruling; for "in it" means "in the root": for they succeeded Alexander.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:41: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:41 (Theodotion: "and from the root of iron there will be in it"). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.42 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-42).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 43

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-43
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The mixing of iron and clay refers to intermarriage among Alexander's successors.

### Greek text

Συμμιγεῖς ἔσονται ἐν σπέρματι ἀνθρώπων. Συμμίγνυσθαι τὸ σπέρμα ἔφη τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐπιμιξίαν τῶν μετὰ Ἀλέξανδρον διὰ τὰς ἐπιγαμίας αἰνιττόμενος· τό τε γὰρ ἀναμεμίχθαι οὐδὲν ἕτερον μηνύει ἢ τὴν ἀκριβῆ συγγένειαν· καὶ τὸ ἐν σπέρματι ἀνθρώπων σαφῶς τὸ εἰρημένον σημαίνει· ὥσπερ ἀκόλουθόν ἐστι τὸ καὶ ἔσονται προσκολλώμενοι· ὡσανεὶ πρότερον μὲν διῃρημένων τῶν γενῶν, συναφθέντων δὲ ἐκ τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐπιμιξίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will be mixed in the seed of men." By "the seed being mixed" he meant the intermingling with one another of those who came after Alexander, hinting at their intermarriages; for "to be mingled" indicates nothing other than close kinship, and "in the seed of men" plainly signifies what was said; just as what follows also does, "and they will cling," as though the families were formerly divided, but joined by their intermingling with one another.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:43: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:43. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.43 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-43).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 44

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-44
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius interprets the kingdom God will 'raise up' as the manifestation of the eternal divine kingdom in Christ.

### Greek text

Ἀναστήσει ὁ θεὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ βασιλείαν. Καλῶς τὸ ἀναστήσει, ὡς οὔσης μὲν τὴν ἀρχήν, οὐ φαινομένης δέ· ἦν γὰρ καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἐνσάρκου χριστοῦ παρουσίας ἡ θεία φύσις· τὸ οὖν ἀναστήσει, ἀντὶ τοῦ δείξει αὐτοῦ τὴν πρόνοιαν· οὐδὲ εἶπεν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν βασιλέων ἐκείνων ἀναστήσεται βασιλεύς· οὐ γὰρ χρονικὴν ἔσχε τὴν βασιλείαν, ἀΐδιός τε τὴν ἐξουσίαν· ἀλλ᾽ ἀναστήσει ὁ θεὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ βασιλείαν, δεικνὺς τὴν περὶ ἡμᾶς τοῦ θεοῦ οἰκονομίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The God of heaven will raise up a kingdom." "Will raise up" is well said, as of a kingdom that existed from the beginning but was not apparent; for the divine nature existed even before the coming of Christ in the flesh. "Will raise up," then, means "will show his providence." Nor did he say, "In the days of those kings a king will arise"; for he did not have a kingdom in time, being eternal in authority; but "the God of heaven will raise up a kingdom," showing God's dispensation toward us.

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:44: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:44; his statement about the divine nature before the incarnation is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.44 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-44).

## Commentary on Daniel 2, scholion 45

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-2-45
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God's kingdom, unlike the others, will last for ever and prevail over all opposition.

### Greek text

Εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας οὐ διαφθαρήσεται. κ. τ. λ. Εἶτα τὸ διάφορον τῆς βασιλείας ταύτης δεικνύς, πρὸς τὰς ἤδη ῥηθείσας φησίν, ἥτις εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας οὐ διαφθαρήσεται, ὡς ἐκείνων μὲν ἀπολλυμένων, ταύτης δὲ εἰς ἀπέραντον τὸν χρόνον μενούσης. — Τουτέστιν, οὐδεὶς ἔσται μετ᾽ αὐτόν, τῆς ἐξουσίας αὐτοῦ παυθησομένης, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτός τε διαμενεῖ, καὶ τὸ κράτος ἕξει ἀτελεύτητον. — Οὐ μόνον φησὶν ἀρχὴν ἕξει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἀνθισταμένων ἁπάντων περιέσται· καὶ ὁ κύριος λέγει, ἐπὶ ταύτῃ μου τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, καὶ πύλαι ᾅδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς.

### English translation (Claude)

"It will never be destroyed," and so on. Then, showing the difference of this kingdom from those already mentioned, he says that it will never be destroyed, since they perish, but this remains for endless time. — That is, there will be no one after him so that his authority would cease, but he himself remains and will have power without end. — Not only will it have rule, he says, but it will also prevail over all who oppose it; and the Lord says, "On this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it."

### Scripture references

- Dan 2:44: quotation, high confidence
- Matt 16:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 2:44; Matt 16:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 2.45 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/2-45).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains the crowds and the instruments at the dedication of the statue.

### Greek text

Εἱστήκεισαν ἐνώπιον τῆς εἰκόνος. Ἀναμένοντες τοῦ προστάγματος τὸ σύνθημα· τοῦτο δὲ ἦν τὸ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως παράγγελμα· ἐδήλωσε δὲ τῶν συναχθέντων τὸ πλῆθος, ἔθνη μὲν τὰς καθ᾽ ἑκάστην μηνύων πατρίδας· φυλὰς δὲ τοὺς κατὰ φρατρίαν συναχθέντας· λαοὺς δὲ τοὺς ἐκ διαφόρων πατρίδων μυριάδας· σάλπιγγας δὲ καὶ σύριγγας καὶ κιθάρας λέγει διάφορα ὄργανα μουσικά· καὶ σαμβύκης καὶ ψαλτηρίου εἶδος δηλονότι λέγει ὀργάνου. Δηλοῖ ὡς οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχεν ἦχον τοῖς φθόγγοις, ἀλλὰ κατά τινα τάξιν καὶ εὐρυθμίαν ἀπετέλουν τὸ μέλος· ὥστε καὶ ἡδονήν τινα παρέχειν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"They stood before the image." Waiting for the signal of the command; this was the king's order. He indicated the multitude of those gathered: by "nations" meaning their respective homelands, by "tribes" those gathered by clan, by "peoples" the multitudes from various homelands. By trumpets, pipes, and lyres he means various musical instruments; and by sambuca and psaltery he plainly means kinds of instruments. He shows that they did not make the sounds simply or at random, but performed the melody with a certain order and rhythm, so as to give some pleasure to the hearers.

### Scripture references

- Dan 3:3–5: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 3:3–5. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 3.2) is joined here and 3.2 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The youths honored the king but refused to worship the image, as the law of Moses required.

### Greek text

Πίπτοντες πάντες οἱ λαοί. Ἵν᾽ οἱ μὲν ἀνοίᾳ, οἱ δὲ φόβῳ τῶν ἀπειληθέντων ὑπακούσωσι τῷ προστάγματι. — Τῶν λοιπῶν δουλοπρεπῶς θωπευόντων, οἱ παῖδες κατὰ τὸν Μωσέως νόμον οὐδενὶ χειροποιήτῳ προσκυνεῖν ἠξίουν· τῷ μὲν γὰρ βασιλεῖ τὴν ὀφειλομένην ἀπεδίδοσαν τιμήν, ὡς θεῷ δὲ προσκυνεῖν παρῃτοῦντο· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἦν τὴν πρέπουσαν φυλαττόντων τάξιν· τὸ δέ, τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ λατρείας ὑπερορώντων.

### English translation (Claude)

"All the peoples, falling down." So that some from folly and others from fear of the threats might obey the command. — While the rest flattered servilely, the youths, according to the law of Moses, would worship nothing made by hands; for they gave the king the honor due to him, but refused to worship him as God: the one was the part of those who keep the fitting order, the other of those who disregard the worship of God.

### Scripture references

- Dan 3:7: quotation, high confidence
- Exod 20:4–5: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 3:7 (compare Exod 20:4–5). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The accusers' greeting is flattery, their charge envy.

### Greek text

Εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ζῆθι. Τουτέστι διαμένοις κρατῶν, τῶν πραγμάτων συμμαρτυρούντων τῇ δυναστείᾳ· τοῦτο μὲν ἔχει κολακείας ἔνδειξιν, τὸ δὲ ἑπόμενον φθόνου.

### English translation (Claude)

"Live for ever." That is, may you remain in power, with events bearing witness to your rule. This shows flattery; what follows, envy.

### Scripture references

- Dan 3:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 3:9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The youths point to God the Creator and his past deeds, speaking with the restraint of men on trial.

### Greek text

Ἔστι γὰρ θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐν οὐρανῷ, ᾧ ἡμεῖς λατρεύομεν. Ἐκ μὲν τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ μνήμης καὶ τοῦ φάσκειν αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐν οὐρανῷ, ἐπὶ τὸν δημιουργὸν τῶν ὅλων χειραγωγοῦσι τὸν ἀκούοντα· ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς λατρείας αὐτοῦ, παλαιῶν ὑπομιμνήσκουσι θαυμάτων· ὥσπερ γὰρ Βαβυλώνιοι ἐκ τῆς αὐτῶν ἀποικίας ἐλέγχειν ἐπειρῶντο τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν, οὕτως οἱ ἅγιοι ἔκ τε τῆς κτίσεως, καὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτοὺς γεγονότων πάλαι, τὸν ἑαυτῶν κρατύνειν ἐβούλοντο λόγον· οὐ μὴν σαφῶς αὐτὰ καὶ λέγουσιν· οὐ γὰρ διδασκαλίας ἦν ὁ καιρός, ἀλλ᾽ εὐθυνῶν καὶ κρίσεως· διδασκάλου μὲν γάρ ἐστι τὸ μετ᾽ ἐξουσίας λέγειν, κρινομένου, μετρεῖν τῷ καιρῷ τοὺς λόγους.

### English translation (Claude)

"For there is our God in heaven, whom we serve." By mentioning God and saying that he is in heaven, they lead the hearer by the hand to the Creator of all things; and by speaking of his worship they recall ancient wonders. For just as the Babylonians tried to refute God's power from their deportation, so the saints wished to strengthen their own argument from creation and from what had happened to them of old. Yet they do not say these things plainly; for it was not a time for teaching but for an account and a trial; for it belongs to a teacher to speak with authority, but to one on trial to measure his words to the occasion.

### Scripture references

- Dan 3:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 3:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The youths trust God to save them but prefer death to living against his law.

### Greek text

Δυνατὸς ἐξελέσθαι ἡμᾶς. Ἡμεῖς μὲν οὖν γινώσκομεν σαφῶς ὡς οὐδὲν πεισόμεθα δεινόν, νικώσης πᾶσαν μηχανὴν τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ προνοίας· εἰ δὲ ἄρα καὶ δοκιμάσει τοῖς δεινοῖς ἡμᾶς ἐκδοῦναι, τοσαύτην περὶ αὐτὸν κεκτήμεθα ἀγάπην, ὥστε ἡμᾶς αἱρεῖσθαι μᾶλλον ἀποθανεῖν μετ᾽ εὐσεβείας ἢ ζῆν τῶν θείων νόμων ἐκτός.

### English translation (Claude)

"He is able to deliver us." We know clearly that we shall suffer nothing terrible, since God's providence overcomes every device; but if he should decide to hand us over to terrible things, we have such love for him that we choose rather to die with godliness than to live outside the divine laws.

### Scripture references

- Dan 3:17–18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 3:17–18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fire was so fierce that the youths were thrown in from above.

### Greek text

Ἐνέπεσον ἐν μέσῳ. Οὐκ εἶπεν εἰσῆλθον, ἀλλ᾽ ἔπεσον· δεικνὺς ὡς τὸ ἐπιτεταμένον τῆς φλογὸς οὐδὲ προσιέναι τινὶ συνεχώρει, οὐδὲ ὀργάνοις τισὶν ὠθεῖν τοὺς νεανίσκους, καθάπερ τὰς εἰωθυίας ὕλας ἐπὶ τῶν τοιούτων εἰσπέμπειν φίλον· ἀλλ᾽ ὥσπερ ἐκ περιωπῆς τινος πρὸς τὸ βάθος ῥίπτουσι τοὺς παῖδας, ὡς ἐφ᾽ ὁμολογούμενον θάνατον.

### English translation (Claude)

"They fell into the midst." He did not say "they went in" but "they fell," showing that the intensity of the flame did not allow anyone to approach, nor to push the young men in with any tools, as one usually feeds fuel into such fires; but as from some height they throw the youths into the depth, as to certain death.

### Scripture references

- Dan 3:23: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 3:23. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fire did not harm the youths but only burned their bonds.

### Greek text

Καὶ περιεπάτουν. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν ὕμνουν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι περιπατοῦντες ὕμνουν· καὶ ἐπιτείνων τὸ παράδοξον τοῦ γιγνομένου· οὐ γὰρ μόνον αὐτῶν οὐχ ἥψατο, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὴν τῶν δεσμῶν λύσιν ὑπηρετήσατο τὸ πῦρ· ὅρον τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ἐνεργείας ἐσχηκὸς τοῦ σιδήρου τὸν ἀφανισμόν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And they walked about." He did not simply say "they sang hymns," but that they sang hymns while walking about, heightening the wonder of what happened; for the fire not only did not touch them, but served to loose their bonds, having as the limit of its working the destruction of the iron.

### Extrabiblical texts

- Pr Azar 1 (Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Young Men): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on the Greek addition to Dan 3 (LXX/Theodotion 3:24, Prayer of Azariah 1). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4-5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius notes that the Song of the Three is not in the Hebrew or Syriac and declines to comment on it.

### Greek text

Εὐλογεῖτε πάντα. Εἰδέναι δὲ δεῖ, ὡς οὗτος ὁ ὕμνος οὐ κεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἑβραϊκοῖς ἢ ἐν τοῖς συριακοῖς βιβλίοις· λέγεται γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰρημένων παρά τινων μετὰ ταῦτα συντεθεῖσθαι· διόπερ καὶ αὐτὸς τὴν καθ᾽ ἑκάστην αὐτῶν ἑρμηνείαν παρείς, τῆς ἑρμηνείας μόνον ἐχόμενος τῆς βίβλου.

### English translation (Claude)

"Bless, all." One must know that this hymn is not found in the Hebrew or in the Syriac books; for it is said to have been composed afterwards by certain people from what had been said. Therefore I too pass over the interpretation of each part of it, keeping only to the interpretation of the book.

### Extrabiblical texts

- Pr Azar 35 (Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Young Men): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on the Greek addition to Dan 3 (the Song of the Three, LXX/Theodotion 3:57, Prayer of Azariah 35). Mai's note mark "(1)" is not reproduced. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 3.10) is joined here and 3.10 is held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 4–5).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):4-5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 3, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/1-1/#p-3-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Taught by the miracle, Nebuchadnezzar publicly forbids blasphemy against the God of the Jews.

### Greek text

Ναβουχοδονόσορ βασιλεὺς πᾶσι τοῖς λαοῖς. Ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων ἐπαιδεύθη τὸ ἀληθές· διόπερ εἰς κοινὸν ἅπασι τοῖς ὑπηκόοις ἐκτίθεται τὸ δόγμα· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔμελλον καὶ σύγκρισιν τῶν θεῶν ποιούμενοι εἰς ἀδυναμίαν ἔσκωπτον τὸν ἰουδαίων προϊστάμενον, ὡς οὐ δυνηθέντα ἐξαρπάσαι τῆς πολεμίου χειρὸς τοὺς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῷ τεταγμένους, παρεγγυᾷ μηκέτι τοῖς αὐτοῖς κεχρῆσθαι ῥήμασιν, ὡς αὐτίκα μάλα δώσοντας δίκην ἐπὶ τῇ βλασφημίᾳ. — Αὐτὰ τὰ πράγματά φησι πάσης φωνῆς λαμπρότερον ἐβόα τὴν ἀλήθειαν· οἱ μὲν γὰρ παρὰ τῶν λοιπῶν προσκυνούμενοι οὐ μόνον τῶν προφανῶν κινδύνων ἐξαρπάζειν οὐ δύνανται, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ τὸ τυχὸν παρέχειν· ὁ δὲ καὶ τὸ πᾶσιν ἀνέλπιστον καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἔργου ἐπέδειξεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Nebuchadnezzar the king to all the peoples." He was taught the truth by the events themselves; therefore he sets out the decree publicly to all his subjects. For since they were inclined, comparing the gods, to mock the protector of the Jews as powerless, as unable to snatch those under him from the enemy's hand, he charges them no longer to use such words, as they would at once pay the penalty for the blasphemy. — The events themselves, he says, cried out the truth more brightly than any voice; for those worshipped by the others not only cannot snatch anyone from open dangers, but cannot give even the slightest help; but he showed in deed what was beyond all hope.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:1 (3:98 LXX): quotation, high confidence
- Dan 3:29 (3:96 LXX): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:1 (Theodotion 3:98) with reference to the decree of 3:29 (Theodotion 3:96). The verb ἔμελλον and the phrase εἰς ἀδυναμίαν ἔσκωπτον are read from a blurred image. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 5.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 3.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/3-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: This time the king remembers the dream and asks only for its meaning.

### Greek text

Ἄκουσον τὴν ὅρασιν. Οὐ τὴν δειχθεῖσάν φησι τὴν ὄψιν ἀπαιτῶ λέγειν, καθάπερ ἤδη πρότερον· δήλη γὰρ αὕτη· ἀλλὰ τῆς ὁμολογουμένης τὴν σαφήνειαν· ἐν ἴσῳ γάρ μοι τοῦτο ἀπορεῖται τῆς ἀγνοουμένης ὄψεως.

### English translation (Claude)

"Hear the vision." I do not ask you, he says, to tell the vision that was shown, as before, for it is clear; but the clear meaning of what is agreed; for this is as much a puzzle to me as the unknown vision.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:9 (4:6 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:9 (Theodotion 4:6). Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 5.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel can interpret by divine revelation where the wise men failed.

### Greek text

Πάντες οἱ σοφοὶ οὐ δύνανται. Ἠλέγχθησαν δέ φησι πάντες οἱ ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ φρυαττόμενοι· σὺ δὲ δύνασαι, ὅτι πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον ἐν σοί· τουτέστι κατὰ θείαν ἀποκάλυψιν, καθὰ καὶ τὸ πρότερον, πάντα λέγεις.

### English translation (Claude)

"All the wise men are not able." All, he says, who prided themselves on wisdom were exposed; but you are able, "because the holy Spirit of God is in you": that is, you tell everything by divine revelation, as before.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:18 (4:15 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:18 (Theodotion 4:15). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel was astonished at the vision.

### Greek text

Ἀπηνεώθη ὡσεὶ ὥραν μίαν. Τουτέστιν ἐξεπλάγη ἐπὶ τῷ παραδόξῳ τῶν δειχθέντων, καὶ σύννους ἐγένετο.

### English translation (Claude)

"He was dumbfounded for about an hour." That is, he was astonished at the wonder of what was shown, and became thoughtful.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:19 (4:16 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:19 (Theodotion 4:16). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel was troubled, knowing that human greatness depends on God.

### Greek text

Καὶ οἱ διαλογισμοὶ αὐτοῦ συνετάρασσον. Τουτέστιν εἰς φόβον κατέστη, λογιζόμενος τοῦ δεσπότου τὴν δύναμιν, καὶ ὡς οὐδὲν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων βέβαιον, ὅταν μὴ τὴν ἄνωθεν ἔχῃ ῥοπήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And his thoughts troubled him." That is, he was afraid, reckoning the power of the Master, and that nothing human is secure unless it has the weight of support from above.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:19 (4:16 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:19 (Theodotion 4:16). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius interprets the tree of the king's dream, its leaves, fruit, birds, and beasts as the empire and its army, tribute, officials, and subject nations.

### Greek text

Τὸ δένδρον ὃ εἶδες. Οὐκ αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσωπον λέγων μόνον, ἀλλὰ τὴν πᾶσαν βασιλείαν· αὐτὸν δὲ εἶπεν ὡς τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων ἁπάντων ἐν ἐκείνῳ τεθεωρημένων, καὶ συμπληρούντων τὴν βασιλικὴν φαντασίαν· μηνύει τοίνυν τὸ μὲν δένδρον, αὐτόν· τὰ δὲ φύλλα, τὸν περὶ αὐτὸν στρατόν· εὐθαλῆ δὲ διὰ τὸ ἀξιοπρεπεῖς εἶναι ὑπό τε εὐταξίας καὶ τῆς τῶν λοιπῶν περιουσίας· καρπὸν δὲ τοῦ μὲν δένδρου λέγει τὰς ἐτησίους παρὰ τῶν ὑπηκόων πεμπομένας ὁμολογίας· τὸ δὲ τὰ ὄρνεα καὶ τὰ θηρία τρέφεσθαι, τὸ παρὰ βασιλέως τοῖς τε ἄρχουσι καὶ τοῖς τάγμασι χορηγούμενον σιτηρέσιον αἰνίττεται· πετεινὰ δὲ καλεῖ τοὺς ἐν τέλει, ὡς ὑπερέχοντας τῶν λοιπῶν· θηρία δὲ τὰ ὑποτεταγμένα ἔθνη· καὶ τὸ τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τὰ δένδρα κατοικεῖν, τὰ δὲ ἐν τοῖς κλάδοις κατασκηνοῦν, τὸ ὑπὸ τοῖς αὐτοῦ νόμοις ζῆν ἅπαντας· πᾶσι δὲ τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἔφη ἐκεῖθεν χορηγεῖσθαι τὴν ἀφθονίαν, ὡς τῶν μὲν ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ τρεφομένων, μισθὸν τῆς λειτουργίας λαμβανόντων· τῷ δὲ βασιλικῷ νομίσματι τάς τε ἐμπορίας καὶ τὰ συναλλάγματα ποιουμένων· ὁ δὲ προφήτης τὴν κατὰ μέρος ἐξήγησιν παρῆκεν ἴσως μὲν ὡς καὶ εὐσύνοπτον, καὶ μάλιστα τότε τῶν κινουμένων, οὐδεμίαν δυσχέρειαν ἐμποιούντων πρὸς τὴν τῶν ὅλων κατανόησιν· καὶ ἵνα δὲ ἔχων σκοπόν, τῇ διηγήσει τῶν κατ᾽ αὐτόν, σωφρονέστερον αὐτὸν ποιῆσαι· ἦν δὲ πρὸς τοῦτο περιττὴ ἡ τῶν λοιπῶν ἐξήγησις.

### English translation (Claude)

"The tree that you saw." Not speaking of his person alone, but of the whole kingdom; but he said "you" because all his subjects were seen in him and filled out the royal image. The tree, then, indicates him; the leaves, the army about him; "flourishing" because they were splendid in their good order and their abundance of everything else. By the tree's fruit he means the yearly tributes sent by the subjects; the birds and beasts being fed hints at the allowance of provisions supplied by the king to the officials and the regiments. He calls "birds" those in authority, as being above the rest, and "beasts" the subject nations; and some dwelling under the tree, others nesting in the branches means that all live under his laws. He said that abundance was supplied from there to all those mentioned, since those fed by him receive wages for their service, and they carry on trade and contracts with the royal coinage. The prophet passed over the detailed interpretation, perhaps because it was easily grasped, especially since the things then in motion caused no difficulty for understanding the whole; and also because he had in view, by the account of what concerned the king, to make him more sober; for this purpose the interpretation of the rest was superfluous.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:20–22 (4:17-Dan LXX): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:20–22 (Theodotion 4:17–19). The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 4.6) is joined here and 4.6 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Nebuchadnezzar's greatness came from his victories.

### Greek text

Ὅτι ἐμεγαλύνθης. Τουτέστιν ἀπὸ μικροῦ μέγας ἐγένου, διὰ τῆς ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις νίκης· τὸ δὲ ἴσχυσας, ὅτι οὐδὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ἔσχες ἀντίστασιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Because you have grown great." That is, from small you became great through victory in wars; and "you have grown strong," because afterwards too you met no resistance.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:22 (4:19 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:22 (Theodotion 4:19). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's 'greatness' grew into pride against God.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἡ μεγαλοσύνη σου ἐμεγαλύνθη. Τουτέστιν ἐφυσήθης τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ μέχρι τοῦ δεσπότου τῶν ὅλων ἐξέτεινας τὸ φρόνημα· μεγαλοσύνην μὲν γὰρ αὐτὴν ἐκάλεσε τὴν ἐξουσίαν· τὸ δὲ μεγαλυνθῆναι λέγει διὰ τὸ τῶν λογισμῶν ὑπέρογκον.

### English translation (Claude)

"And your greatness has grown great." That is, you became puffed up in mind and stretched your pride even to the Master of all; for he called authority itself "greatness," and says it "grew great" because of the swelling of his thoughts.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:22 (4:19 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:22 (Theodotion 4:19). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's rule extended everywhere, beyond the limits of human nature.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἡ κυρεία σου εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς. Τοῦτο δέ φησι γέγονεν, ὅτι πανταχοῦ τῆς γῆς ἐκτείνας τὴν ἀρχήν, οὐχ ἵστης ἐπὶ τῶν ὅρων τῆς φύσεως.

### English translation (Claude)

"And your dominion to the ends of the earth." This happened, he says, because, extending your rule everywhere on earth, you did not stop at the limits of nature.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:22 (4:19 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:22 (Theodotion 4:19). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains the word 'watcher' as an angel.

### Greek text

Καὶ ὅτι εἶδεν ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶρ. Τὸ μὲν εἶρ ἐστὶν ἑβραϊκὴ λέξις· σημαίνει δὲ τὸ ἄγρυπνον, καὶ ἄγγελον· διὸ καὶ ἅγιον καλεῖ, οἷον ἐξαίρετόν τινα παρὰ πάντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους κεκτημένον τὴν φύσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And that the king saw a watcher (eir)." Eir is a Hebrew word; it means "the wakeful one," and "angel"; therefore he also calls him "holy," as possessing a nature set apart above all men.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:23 (4:20 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:23 (Theodotion 4:20; Aramaic ʿîr). The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 4.11) is joined here and 4.11 is held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 5–6).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):5; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Leaving the stump means the king was not destroyed entirely.

### Greek text

Πλὴν τὴν φυήν. Οὐ μὴν φησὶν ὁλόκληρον κατεδίκασε τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως ἀπώλειαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"But the stump." He did not condemn the king to complete destruction, he says.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:23 (4:20 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:23 (Theodotion 4:20). Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 6.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-13
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The iron band signifies the king's coming misfortune.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐν δεσμῷ σιδηρῷ. Διὰ τούτου τὸν τρόπον μηνύει τῆς καταληψομένης αὐτὸν συμφορᾶς.

### English translation (Claude)

"And in a band of iron." By this he indicates the manner of the misfortune that would overtake him.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:23 (4:20 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:23. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.13 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-13).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king will live like a beast, eating grass.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐν τῇ χλόῃ. Ἐν τοιαύτῃ ἔσται καταστάσει ὥστε χλόην σιτεῖσθαι καὶ τὴν μετὰ θηρίων ἀσπάζεσθαι δίαιταν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And in the grass." He will be in such a condition as to eat grass and to embrace a life with the beasts.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:23 (4:20 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:23. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius reckons the 'seven times' as three and a half years, counting each summer and winter as a 'time'.

### Greek text

Ἕως οὗ ἑπτὰ καιροί. Σημαίνει δὲ ἔτη τρία καὶ ἥμισυ, τοῦ καιροῦ ἢ εἰς χειμῶνα ἢ εἰς θέρος λαμβανομένου· ἐπειδήπερ καθολικῷ τινι λόγῳ εἰς δύο ταῦτα διαιρεῖται τὸ ἔτος, τοῦ ἔαρος καὶ μετοπώρου ἐν ἑκατέρᾳ τούτων ὥρᾳ παραλαμβανομένου· ἐπείπερ καὶ ἀρχαὶ τῆς ἀκρότητος, τὸ μὲν ἔαρ τοῦ θέρους, τὸ δὲ φθινόπωρον τοῦ χειμῶνος· συνελὼν δὲ τῇ διηγήσει, τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ κατελθόντα, τὴν ἀπόβασιν ἀποφάσεως, τὸ εἶδος τῆς σωτηρίας, τὴν ἐλπίδα τῶν ἐσομένων, τὸ βέβαιον, καὶ τῆς συμφορᾶς τὸν χρόνον ἐπάγει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until seven times." It means three and a half years, a "time" being taken as either a winter or a summer; since, in a general way, the year is divided into these two, spring and autumn being included in each of these seasons; for they are also the beginnings of the extremes, spring of summer and autumn of winter. Summing up in the account the one who came down from heaven, the outcome of the sentence, the form of the deliverance, the hope of what was to come, its certainty, he adds also the time of the misfortune.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:23 (4:20 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:23. Polychronius's reckoning is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's interpretation is brief, explaining only what was unclear.

### Greek text

Τοῦτο ἡ σύγκρισις αὐτοῦ βασιλεῦ. Καθολικῷ τινι λόγῳ τὰ πάντα περιλαβών, ἐπειδὴ καὶ σύντομον ἔδει τὴν διδασκαλίαν ποιήσασθαι, τῶν μὲν ὁμολογουμένων ἀφιστάμενος, τῶν δὲ ἀμφιβόλων τὴν λύσιν ἐκτιθέμενος.

### English translation (Claude)

"This is its interpretation, O king." He gathered everything in a general way, since the teaching had to be brief, leaving aside what was agreed and setting out the solution of what was doubtful.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:24 (4:21 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:24 (Theodotion 4:21). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'decree' is the interpretation that God gave Daniel to explain.

### Greek text

Καὶ σύγκριμα ὑψίστου. Σύγκριμα δὲ λέγει τὴν ἑρμηνείαν, ὅπερ ἀνωτέρω ὁ Ναβουχοδονόσορ ἔφη, διὰ συγκρίματος εἶρ ὁ λόγος καὶ ῥῆμα ἁγίων τὸ ἐπερώτημα· ὁ γάρ σοι τὴν ὄψιν δείξας, γνωρίσας τε αὐτὴν τοῖς ἐρωτήσασι, κἀμοὶ νῦν σαφηνίσαι τὸ κεκρυμμένον ἔδωκεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And a decree of the Most High." By "decree" (synkrima) he means the interpretation; which Nebuchadnezzar said above: "by the decree of the watcher is the matter, and the word of the holy ones the question." For he who showed you the vision and made it known to those who asked, has now given me too to make plain what was hidden.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:24 (4:21 LXX): quotation, high confidence
- Dan 4:17 (4:14 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:24 (Theodotion 4:21), referring to Dan 4:17 (Theodotion 4:14). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The past tense expresses the certainty of the future event.

### Greek text

Ὃ ἔφθασεν. Τῆς ἐκβάσεως τῶν δειχθέντων τὸ ἀναντίρρητον λέγει· τὸ γὰρ ἔφθασεν, ἀντὶ τοῦ φθάσει λέγει, κατὰ τὸ ἰδίωμα τῆς γραφῆς.

### English translation (Claude)

"Which has come." He means the certainty of the outcome of what was shown; for he says "has come" instead of "will come," according to the manner of Scripture.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:24 (4:21 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-19
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius relates the tradition that the king went mad or was possessed, was confined in chains, and finally lived among the beasts.

### Greek text

Καὶ μετὰ θηρίων ἀγρίων ἔσται ἡ κατοικία σου. Φασὶ γὰρ αὐτὸν εἰς μανίαν περιτραπῆναι· οἱ δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ δαίμονος διοχλούμενον· ἡνίκα οἱ περὶ τὰ βασίλεια αἰσχυνόμενοι τὴν βασιλέως κατάστασιν, πρότερον μὲν καθεῖρξαν, ὡς ἂν μὴ εἰς προὖπτον ἔλθοι τὸ γεγονός· καὶ κατεῖχον ὡσεὶ πέδαις τισὶ καὶ ἁλύσεσι φυλάσσοντες, ὅπερ ὁ δεσμὸς τοῦ σιδήρου μηνύει· οὐ γὰρ ἀνθρωπίνη ἰσχὺς ἤρκει πρὸς τοιαύτην ἀνθρώπου κατάστασιν· ἐπὶ πολὺ μὲν οὖν ἀφανῆ φρουρεῖν διεγίνωσκον· ὡς δὲ πάντα ἦν δεύτερα τῆς μανίας, ἀνθρώπων τε ἰσχὺς καὶ σιδηρίου δύναμις, καὶ ποικίλων ἐργατῶν ἐπίνοια, τότε οὐκ ἀφίεσαν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡς πόρρω συνέβαινεν ἡ μετὰ τῶν θηρίων διαγωγή.

### English translation (Claude)

"And your dwelling will be with the wild beasts." For they say that he was turned to madness, and others that he was troubled by a demon; when those at the palace, ashamed of the king's condition, first shut him up, so that what had happened might not become known; and they held him guarded as with fetters and chains, which the band of iron indicates; for no human strength sufficed against such a condition of a man. For a long time, then, they decided to guard him out of sight; but when everything gave way before the madness, the strength of men, the power of iron, and the devices of various craftsmen, then they did not merely let him go, but his life with the beasts took place far away.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:25 (4:22 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:25 (Theodotion 4:22). The verb after τότε οὐκ is blurred in the image (read ἀφίεσαν); translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.19 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-19).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 20

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-20
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king ate grass because, though beast-like in appearance, he lacked a beast's nature.

### Greek text

Καὶ χόρτον ὡς βοῦν ψωμιοῦσί σε. Σαρκοφαγεῖν μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἐδύνατο· οὐ γὰρ καὶ τὴν τῶν θηρίων ἔσχε φύσιν, καὶ τὴν κατάστασιν, τῷ μεγέθει τῶν τριχῶν, καὶ τῇ αὐξήσει τῶν ὀνύχων, καὶ τῇ λοιπῇ ἀγριότητι· ἐχλοηφάγει δὲ τὴν αὐτόματον ἐκ γῆς ἀναδιδομένην τροφὴν σιτούμενος.

### English translation (Claude)

"And they will feed you grass like an ox." For he could not eat flesh, since he did not have the nature of the beasts, though he had their condition in the length of his hair, the growth of his nails, and the rest of his wildness; but he grazed, eating the food that the earth yields of itself.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:25 (4:22 LXX): quotation, high confidence
- Dan 4:33 (4:30 LXX): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:25 (compare 4:33). The construction is loose; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.20 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-20).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'changed times' means the king's appearance will be altered.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἑπτὰ καιροὶ ἀλλαγήσονται. Τουτέστιν ἀμείψεις τὸ χρῶμα· εἰ γὰρ ἡ τῶν ἡλικιῶν ἐναλλαγὴ μόνη πλείστην τῶν χαρακτήρων τὴν διαφορὰν ἐργάζεται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῆς τε τροφῆς τὸ ἀσύνηθες καὶ ὁ κατεσκληκὼς βίος τοῦτο ἔδειξεν ἄν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And seven times will be changed." That is, you will change your complexion; for if the change of age alone works a very great difference of features, much more would the unaccustomed food and the hardened life have shown this.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:25 (4:22 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:25. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 4.22) is joined here and 4.22 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God's punishment of the king was corrective, aimed at teaching him that all power is from above.

### Greek text

Ἕως οὗ γνῷς. Οὐ παντελῆ δέ σου ἀπώλειαν κατεψηφίσατο ὁ θεός· οὐ γὰρ ὀργῇ τὸ πάθος ἐπάγει, ἀλλὰ κηδεμονίᾳ προμηθούμενος τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ κρεῖττον μεταβολήν, καὶ πάντων τῶν λυπηρῶν ἀπαλλάττει, ὅταν εἰσαῦθις εἰς τὸ οἰκεῖον ἀποκαταστήσει ἀξίωμα. — Ἵνα γνῷς ὡς οὐδὲν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων βέβαιον· ἅπαντα δὲ τῆς ἄνωθεν ἐξουσίας ἤρτηται.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until you know." God did not decree your complete destruction; for he does not bring the suffering in anger, but in care, providing for a change for the better, and he will free you from all your troubles when he restores you again to your own dignity. — So that you may know that nothing human is secure, but all things depend on authority from above.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:25–26 (4:22-Dan LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:25–26. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel urges the king to heed his advice, since God's threat is merciful.

### Greek text

Ἡ βουλή μου ἀρεσάτω σοι. Ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν φησὶ φειδοῖ ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἀγριότητι τὴν δίκην ἠπείλησεν ὁ θεός, δέξαι τὴν ἐμὴν συμβουλήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Let my counsel please you." Since, then, he says, God has threatened the penalty with sparing and not with savagery, accept my counsel.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:27 (4:24 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:27 (Theodotion 4:24). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 25

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-25
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel urges mercy because the king's cruelty to captives had angered God.

### Greek text

Ἐν ἐλεημοσύναις λύτρωσαι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐδένα οἶκτον πρὸς τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους λαμβάνων, ἀφειδῶς ἅπασιν ἐκέχρητο, ὡς καὶ τοὺς ἐν εὐγενείᾳ καὶ πάσῃ τραφέντας ἀφθονίᾳ εἰς οἰκτρὸν καταστρέψαι τέλος, ἀναγκαίως ἡμερότητα αὐτῷ παραινεῖ, ὡς μὲν τῆσδε ὠμότητος εἰς ὀργὴν κινούσης τὸ θεῖον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Redeem by almsgiving." Since he took no pity on the captives but treated all unsparingly, so as to bring to a pitiable end even those raised in nobility and every abundance, he necessarily urges gentleness on him, since this cruelty moved the divine to anger.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:27 (4:24 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.25 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-25).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-26
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's measured hope did not move the king, so the sentence was carried out.

### Greek text

Ἴσως ἔσται μακρόθυμος. Θαυμάσαι ἐστὶ τὸν προφήτην, ὅπως οὔτε ἀνέλπιστον αὐτῷ τῶν ἀγαθῶν τὴν προσδοκίαν ἐποίησεν, ὡς ἂν μὴ ἀπογνοὺς ὅλως τῆς χείρονος γένοιτο μοίρας· οὔτε ἀναντίρρητον εἰργάσατο. — Ἀλλ᾽ ἡ μὲν τοῦ προφήτου φησὶ συμβουλὴ τοιαύτη, ἀρκοῦσα τὴν ἐπηρτημένην ἀποκρούσασθαι δίκην, οὐδὲν δὲ ἄμεινον διετέθη, κρείττων τῆς τοῦ προφήτου συμβουλῆς γενόμενος· διόπερ καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀποφάσεως εἰς πέρας ἤχθη.

### English translation (Claude)

"Perhaps he will be patient." One must admire the prophet, how he neither made his expectation of good things hopeless, lest in despair he should fall altogether to a worse lot, nor made it certain. — But though the prophet's counsel, he says, was such as to be able to ward off the penalty hanging over him, he was in no way better disposed, being above the prophet's counsel; therefore the terms of the sentence too were carried out to the end.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:27 (4:24 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.26 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-26).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 27

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-27
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God gave the king a year to repent, but he forgot his fear and grew proud.

### Greek text

Ταῦτα πάντα ἔφθασεν. Τὴν μὲν οὖν συμφοράν φησιν ἠπείλησεν ὁ θεός· οὐ μὴν παρὰ πόδας ἤγαγε τῶν δεινῶν τὴν πεῖραν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐνιαυτὸν συνεχώρησεν ὅλον, μετανοίας διδοὺς καιρόν· ὁ δὲ ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν τῶν ἀπειληθέντων ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ἑώρα, τὸν παραυτίκα φόβον τῆς διανοίας ἐκβαλὼν τῆς αὑτοῦ, διανοούμενος ἁπάντων τῶν κατορθωμάτων τὸ μέγεθος· ὅπερ ὁ προφήτης σημαίνειν βουλόμενος, οὐ τοῦ χρόνου μόνον ἐμνημόνευσεν, ἀλλὰ τῆς πράξεως καὶ τῶν ῥημάτων, πρὸς σαφεστέραν διδασκαλίαν τῆς τοῦ βασιλέως διανοίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"All these things came." God threatened the misfortune, he says, but did not bring the experience of the evils at once; he allowed a whole year, giving time for repentance. But the king, since he saw none of the threats in action, cast the immediate fear out of his mind, thinking over the greatness of all his achievements. Wishing to indicate this, the prophet mentioned not only the time but also the action and the words, to teach more clearly the king's state of mind.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:28–29 (4:25-Dan LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:28–29 (Theodotion 4:25–26). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.27 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-27).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'temple of the kingdom' is the royal palace.

### Greek text

Ἐπὶ τῷ ναῷ τῆς βασιλείας. Ναὸς δὲ βασιλείας αὐτὰ καλεῖται τὰ βασίλεια· πάντα δέ φησι ἐπεσκόπει τά τε δημόσια οἰκοδομήματα καὶ ὅσα πρὸς βασιλικὴν ἠσκεῖτο φαντασίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"On the temple of the kingdom." The palace itself is called the "temple of the kingdom"; he surveyed, he says, all the public buildings and whatever was made for royal display.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:29 (4:26 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:29 (Theodotion 4:26). The verb is blurred in the image (read ἐπεσκόπει). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 29

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-29
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's boast shows that he thought God's threat had come to nothing.

### Greek text

Οὐχ αὕτη ἐστὶ Βαβυλών; Τουτέστι ποῦ εἰσὶν ἐκεῖναι αἱ ἀποφάσεις αἱ κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ; ποῦ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ τιμωρία; ἰδοὺ γὰρ πέπονθα δεινὸν οὐδέν, ἀλλὰ τήν τε Βαβυλῶνα ταύτην, τοὺς προτέρους τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐξελάσας, ἤγειρα εἰς ὕψος, οὐδὲν ὑπ᾽ οὐδενὸς πεπονθώς· καὶ τά τε τῆς δυναστείας ἐβεβαιώθη, καὶ τὰ τῆς δόξης ἐπὶ τὸ μεγαλοφυέστερον κεχώρηκεν, οὐδενὸς χρόνου δυνηθέντος ἐλέγξαι τὴν ἰσχύν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Is not this Babylon?" That is: where are those sentences against me? Where is God's punishment? See, I have suffered nothing terrible; but I have raised this Babylon on high, having driven out those who ruled before, and have suffered nothing from anyone; the power of my dynasty has been confirmed, and my glory has advanced to greater magnificence, no length of time having been able to refute my strength.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:30 (4:27 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:30 (Theodotion 4:27). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.29 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-29).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 30

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-30
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6-7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's humiliation followed his boast immediately, as punishment for his whole pride.

### Greek text

Ἔτι τοῦ λόγου κ. τ. λ. Ἐπὶ τῇ μεγαληγορίᾳ εὐθὺς ἡ ταπείνωσις· οὐ τοῦ παραχρῆμα ῥήματος ἕνεκα τοσοῦτον, ὅσον τῆς ὅλης ὑπερηφανίας· ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα δειχθῇ σημεῖον τοῦ ῥήματος, τὸ κολαζόμενον φρόνημα.

### English translation (Claude)

"While the word was still," and so on. Humiliation came at once upon the boasting; not so much because of the word spoken at the moment as because of his whole arrogance; but so that the pride being punished might be shown as a sign of the word.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:31 (4:28 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:31 (Theodotion 4:28). Greek restored from the page images (pp. 6–7).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.30 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):6-7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-30).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 31

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-31
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's body became beastlike as the sentence was fulfilled.

### Greek text

Ὁ λόγος συνετελέσθη. Συνέβη γὰρ αὐτῷ πάντα τὰ εἰρημένα. Ὡς γὰρ ἀμεταμέλητα τὰ ὄντα, εἰσεπράξατο δίκην· εὔδηλον δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ θηριωδέστερον ἔσχε τοῦ σώματος τὴν κατάστασιν· τοῦ μὲν λοιποῦ σώματος εἰς ἑτέραν ὄψιν καταστάντος, τῶν δὲ τριχῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ἀγριώτερον μεταβληθεισῶν, καὶ τῶν ὀνύχων πέρα τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως εἰς ἐπίδοσιν ἐλθόντων.

### English translation (Claude)

"The word was fulfilled." For everything that was said happened to him. Since he remained unrepentant, the penalty was exacted; and it is clear that his body took on a more beastlike condition, the rest of his body changing to another appearance, his hair turning wilder, and his nails growing beyond human nature.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:33 (4:30 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:33 (Theodotion 4:30). The clause ὡς γὰρ ἀμεταμέλητα τὰ ὄντα is obscure; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 7.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.31 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-31).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 32

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-32
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Restored to sanity, the king recognized the fulfilment of the sentence and praised God.

### Greek text

Τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνέλαβον. Τῆς μανίας φησὶν ἀπαλλαγείς, καὶ τῶν λογισμῶν μοι ἠρεμησάντων, τοῦ σώματος τὸ θηριῶδες ὁρῶν, καὶ τοῖς παροῦσι παρεξετάσας τὴν παλαιὰν εὐημερίαν, τήν τε προτέραν τῆς διανοίας νόσον, τήν τε ἄνωθεν κομισθεῖσαν ἀπόφασιν, καὶ τῶν εἰρημένων τὸ πέρας, γνοὺς τὸ ὡς οὐδὲν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων βέβαιον, εἰς ὕμνους ἐτράπην τοῦ δεσπότου.

### English translation (Claude)

"I lifted my eyes to heaven." Freed from the madness, he says, with my thoughts calmed, seeing the beastlike state of my body, and comparing my former prosperity with my present state, the earlier sickness of my mind, the sentence brought from above, and the fulfilment of what had been said, and knowing that nothing human is secure, I turned to hymns to the Master.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:34 (4:31 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:34 (Theodotion 4:31). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.32 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-32).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 33

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-33
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king learned from experience that God's rule is eternal and unchanging.

### Greek text

Ὅτι ἐξουσία αὐτοῦ ἐξουσία αἰώνιος. Καὶ τοῦτό φησιν ἐποίησα οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἀλλ᾽ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων μαθὼν ὡς ἀΐδιον ἔχει τὴν φύσιν, οὐ δεχόμενος τῆς ἀρχῆς τὴν μεταβολὴν καθάπερ ἄνθρωποι.

### English translation (Claude)

"For his authority is an eternal authority." And this, he says, I did not do lightly, but learning from the events themselves that he has an eternal nature, not admitting change of rule as men do.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:34 (4:31 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:34 (Theodotion 4:31). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.33 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-33).

## Commentary on Daniel 4, scholion 34

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-4-34
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Nebuchadnezzar was restored to even greater power.

### Greek text

Ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν μου ἐκραταιώθην. Τουτέστιν οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου καὶ τῶν μεταξὺ γεγονότων ἐβλάβην. — Εἰ δὲ δεῖ, φησί, καὶ τὸ ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν, μείζονα τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἔσχον.

### English translation (Claude)

"I was established in my kingdom." That is, I was not harmed by the time or by what happened in between. — If one must tell the truth, he says, I had greater authority.

### Scripture references

- Dan 4:36 (4:33 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 4:36 (Theodotion 4:33). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 4.34 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/4-34).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains that Daniel omits Evil-merodach because his purpose is to narrate God's wonders, not royal history.

### Greek text

Βαλτάσαρ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐποίησε δεῖπνον. Οὐχ εἰρηκὼς τελευτὴν τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ, ἐπὶ τὸν Βαλτάσαρ μετέρχεται· ἐπεὶ μηδὲ κατὰ τάξιν τῶν βασιλευόντων λέγειν αὐτῷ τὴν διαδοχὴν πρόκειται· τοῦτο γάρ, ὡς προλαβὼν ἔφην, ἱστοριογράφου ἴδιον· ἀλλὰ τὰ θαύματα διδάσκειν καὶ τὴν καθόλου πρόνοιαν δεικνύναι τοῦ θεοῦ· ὅσα τοίνυν εἰς τὸ προκείμενον αὐτῷ συμβάλλεται, ταῦτα καὶ διηγεῖται· φαίνεται γὰρ μετὰ τὸν Ναβουχοδονόσορ, ὁ Εὐιλὰδ Μαρωδὰχ βασιλεύσας κατὰ τὴν Ἱερεμίου φωνήν, ὃς καὶ τὸν Ἰεχονίαν τῶν δεσμῶν ἀφῆκεν, ἐν τοιούτῳ σχήματι καταλειφθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ· λέγει γὰρ οὕτως ὁ προφήτης· ἐν τῷ ἔτει τῷ κγ' τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ ἀπῴκισε Ναβουζαρδὰν ὁ ἀρχιμάγειρος τῶν ἰουδαίων ψυχὰς ψμε'· καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ τριακοστῷ καὶ ἑβδόμῳ ἔτει, καὶ ἀποικισθέντος Ἰωακεὶμ βασιλέως Ἰούδα, ἔλαβεν ἐκεῖνον Εὐιλὰδ Μαρωδὰχ βασιλεὺς βαβυλῶνος ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ ᾧ ἐβασίλευσε τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωακεὶμ βασιλέως Ἰούδα· εἰ μὲν οὖν ἱστορίαν προέκειτο γράψαι τῷ προφήτῃ, ἀναγκαίως αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ γραφῇ ἐτίθει μετὰ τὸν Ναβουχοδονόσορ· ἑτέρας δὲ οὔσης τῆς προθέσεως παρελθεῖν ἐνόμισε καὶ ταῦτα, οὐδενὸς ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῦ θαυματουργηθέντος· διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ ἀρχὴν τῆς βασιλείας εἰρηκώς, ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα μετῆλθεν εὐθύς.

### English translation (Claude)

"Belshazzar the king made a feast." Without mentioning the death of Nebuchadnezzar, he passes to Belshazzar, since it is not his purpose to tell the succession of the kings in order; for that, as I said before, is the task of a historian; but to teach the wonders and show God's universal providence. So whatever contributes to his purpose, that he narrates. For after Nebuchadnezzar, Evil-merodach appears to have reigned, according to the words of Jeremiah, who also freed Jechoniah from his bonds, left in that condition by Nebuchadnezzar. For the prophet says thus: "In the twenty-third year of Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuzaradan the chief cook deported seven hundred and forty-five souls of the Jews; and it came to pass in the thirty-seventh year after Jehoiakim king of Judah was deported, Evil-merodach king of Babylon, in the year he became king, lifted up the head of Jehoiakim king of Judah." If, then, the prophet had intended to write history, he would necessarily have put him in the writing after Nebuchadnezzar; but since his purpose was different, he thought fit to pass over these things too, since no wonder was worked in his time. For this reason he did not even mention the beginning of Belshazzar's reign, but passed at once to the events.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:1: quotation, high confidence
- Jer 52:30–31: quotation, high confidence
- 2 Kgs 25:27: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:1; Jer 52:30–31 (Polychronius's text names the freed king Jehoiakim, as the Greek of Jer 52:31). The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 5.2) is joined here and 5.2 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Belshazzar's feast was lavish and lasted late into the night.

### Greek text

Κατέναντι τῶν χιλίων ὁ οἶνος. Τουτέστι πολλὴ τῶν ἁπάντων ἡ ἀφθονία, μάλιστα δὲ οἴνου· ὥστε τῇ περὶ τὸ πίνειν φιλοτιμίᾳ, ἄχρις ἑσπέρας βαθείας παραταθῆναι τὸ συμπόσιον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Before the thousand, the wine." That is, there was great abundance of everything, and above all of wine, so that by their emulation in drinking the banquet was prolonged until late evening.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:1. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 5.4) is joined here and 5.4 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Belshazzar actually had the temple vessels brought.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἠνέχθησαν τὰ σκεύη. Τουτέστιν οὐ μέχρι προστάγματος ἔστησε τὴν τόλμαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς ἔργον ἐξήνεγκε τὸ βούλευμα.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the vessels were brought." That is, he did not stop his daring at the command, but carried out his plan in deed.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The vessels were brought to insult God.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἔπινον ἐν αὐτοῖς. Ἵνα εἴπῃ οὐ πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν μόνον ἐκόμισε τὰ σκεύη, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς ὕβριν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And they drank from them." To say that he brought the vessels not only for display but also for insult.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Belshazzar praised the idols as if they had defeated Israel's God.

### Greek text

Καὶ ᾔνεσαν τοὺς θεούς. Ἔδειξε τῆς τόλμης τὴν αἰτίαν· ὡς γὰρ τὴν τῶν ξοάνων πάντων βοήθειαν περιγενομένων καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐκείνοις μὲν ἔγνωκε τὴν χάριν, εἰς δὲ τὸν τῶν ὅλων ἐξύβρισε δεσπότην.

### English translation (Claude)

"And they praised the gods." He showed the cause of the daring: as if by the help of all the idols they had overcome God himself, he acknowledged his gratitude to them, but insulted the Master of all.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:4. The phrase τὴν τῶν ξοάνων πάντων βοήθειαν περιγενομένων is loose; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The judgment came immediately, during the sacrilegious feast.

### Greek text

Ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ. Ἀντὶ τοῦ ἔτι διαλεγομένων ἐκείνων καὶ θαυμαζόντων τῶν δαιμόνων τὴν δύναμιν, παρὰ πόδας ὁ ἔλεγχος γινόμενος, μείζονα τῆς παρανομίας παρέχει τὴν αἴσθησιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"In that very hour." That is, while they were still talking and admiring the power of the demons, the rebuke came at their feet and gave a greater sense of the lawlessness.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The writing hand delivered God's verdict like a royal decree.

### Greek text

Ἐξῆλθον δάκτυλοι. Ὥσπερ βασιλέως τόμῳ τὴν κατὰ τοῦ τυράννου ἐκφέροντες ψῆφον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Fingers came out." As if bringing the sentence against the tyrant by a king's decree.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius suggests the king first saw the hand alone, as Balaam's donkey saw the angel, and later all saw it, which ruled out illusion.

### Greek text

Καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐθεώρει. Ἔοικε γὰρ μόνος ὁρᾶν τὸ παράδοξον· ὡς ἡ ὄνος ἡ ἐπὶ τοῦ Βαλαὰμ τὸν ἄγγελον· ἡ μὲν γὰρ κοινὴ ὄψις εὐπαραμύθητον ἐποίει τὸν φόβον, ἄλλου ἄλλως ἐξηγουμένου τὸ ξένον τῆς ὄψεως· τὸ δὲ αὐτὸν μόνον ὁρᾶν, μάρτυρά τε εὐθὺς τῶν λόγων ἔχειν μηδένα, μεῖζόν τι τὸ δέος εἰργάζετο, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς μαινομένου δόξαν παρεῖχεν· ὕστερον δὲ καὶ πάντες ἔγνωσαν, εἰς ἀπορίαν τὸ κοινὸν καὶ παιδαγωγίαν Βαβυλωνίων· τοῦτο γὰρ οἶμαι καὶ σημᾶναι βουλόμενος ὁ συγγραφεύς, οὐκ εἶπεν ὅτι βασιλεὺς εἶδεν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι ἑώρα, τὸ παρατεταμένον σημαίνων τοῦ χρόνου· καὶ ὡς τὴν μὲν πρώτην ἐξεπλάγη ὁ βασιλεύς· τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ πάντες ὕστερον πεπόνθασιν· ὥστε μὴ φαντασίαν τινὰ νομισθῆναι, καὶ ἀπάτην παρά τινος τελουμένην. — Ἡ γὰρ ἐπίτασις τοῦ δέους ἠλλοίωσε τὴν χροιάν. — Τουτέστιν οὐκ εἶχε τί βουλεύσεται περὶ τῶν φαινομένων.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the king was watching." For he seems to have been the only one to see the wonder, as Balaam's donkey saw the angel. A shared sight would have made the fear easy to console, as one explained the strangeness of the vision one way and another another; but that he alone saw it and had no one at once as witness of his words made his dread greater and gave the others the impression that he was mad. Afterwards all knew it, to the perplexity of the whole company and the instruction of the Babylonians. For I think the writer, wishing to indicate this, did not say that the king "saw" but that he "was watching," signifying the extension of the time; and that at first the king was astonished, but afterwards all experienced the same, so that it should not be thought some illusion or deceit worked by someone. — For the intensity of fear changed his color. — That is, he did not know what to decide about what appeared.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:5–6: quotation, high confidence
- Num 22:23: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:5–6; Num 22:23. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king shook all over with fear.

### Greek text

Καὶ γόνατα αὐτοῦ συνεκροτοῦντο. Δείκνυσιν ὡς οὐ καθήμενος ἢ κατακεκλιμένος ἄνετος διῆγεν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπὸ τοῦ δέους καθάπερ ὑπὸ φρίκης τινὸς συνεχόμενος ὅλος ἐσείετο.

### English translation (Claude)

"And his knees knocked together." He shows that, though seated or reclining, he did not remain at ease, but, gripped by fear as by a shivering fit, shook all over.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:6. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's loud cry showed his inner turmoil.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐβόησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν ἰσχύϊ. Καλῶς τὸ ἐν ἰσχύϊ· ἔδειξε γὰρ τῆς ψυχῆς τὸν θόρυβον.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the king cried out with strength." "With strength" is well said; for it showed the turmoil of his soul.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:7: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:7. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-13
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The queen broke custom to enter the banquet, remembering Daniel.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἡ βασίλισσα. Παρὰ πᾶσαν συνήθειαν φαίνεται ἡ βασίλισσα εἰσπηδήσασα κατὰ μέσον τοῦ συμποσίου· ὡς γὰρ κοινωνοῦσα τῆς συμφορᾶς, τῆς συνήθους εὐκοσμίας ἀμελήσασα, ὑπ᾽ ὄψιν τῶν πάντων εἰσῄει, κατὰ νοῦν λαβομένη τὰ κατὰ τὸν προφήτην.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the queen." Contrary to all custom the queen appears to have rushed into the middle of the banquet; for, sharing in the misfortune, she neglected her usual decorum and came in before the eyes of all, having in mind what concerned the prophet.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.13 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-13).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The queen tells the king not to despair at the wise men's failure.

### Greek text

Μὴ ταρασσέτωσάν σε οἱ διαλογισμοί σου. Μὴ καταπέσῃς φησὶν ὑπὸ τοῦ δέους, μηδὲ εἰς ἀπορίαν καθίστασο, εἰ τούτους ἀγνοοῦντας εὕρῃς τὴν γραφήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Let not your thoughts trouble you." Do not collapse from fear, she says, nor fall into perplexity if you find these men ignorant of the writing.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The queen points to Daniel, who interprets by grace rather than by learned custom.

### Greek text

Ἔστιν ἀνήρ. Οὐκ οὖν ἀνέλπιστός φησιν ἡ τῶν ἀπορουμένων λύσις· ἕτερος γὰρ ἤδη πέφηνεν ἀμείνων τούτων, ὃς οὐ κατὰ συνήθειαν εἴωθε λέγειν τὰ τοιαῦτα, ἀλλὰ κατὰ χάριν.

### English translation (Claude)

"There is a man." So the solution of the perplexity, she says, is not hopeless; for another, better than these, has already appeared, who is not wont to say such things by custom but by grace.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):7; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's promised rewards signify a share in the kingdom.

### Greek text

Πορφύραν ἐνδύσῃ. Πορφύραν ἐνδύειν ἐπαγγέλλεται, τουτέστι κοινωνεῖν τῆς βασιλείας· περιαυχένιον δὲ περιτίθεται χρυσοῦν σύμβολον τῆς ἀρχῆς· τρίτον δὲ ἔσεσθαι τῆς βασιλείας ὑπισχνεῖται, τουτέστι μετ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ τὴν βασιλίδα.

### English translation (Claude)

"You will be clothed in purple." He promises to clothe him in purple, that is, to share the kingdom; he puts on him a gold necklace as a symbol of rule; and he promises that he will be third in the kingdom, that is, after himself and the queen.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:16: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:16. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 8.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel refuses payment for the interpretation.

### Greek text

Τὰ δόματά σου σοὶ ἔστω. Ἄμισθον ποιήσομαι τῶν ζητουμένων τὴν λύσιν, ἅπαντα μετ᾽ ἀκριβείας λέγων.

### English translation (Claude)

"Let your gifts be yours." I will give the solution of what is sought without payment, telling everything exactly.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel reminds Belshazzar that all Nebuchadnezzar's greatness came from God.

### Greek text

Ὁ θεὸς ὕψιστος τὴν βασιλείαν ἔδωκε Ναβουχοδονόσορ. Βασιλείαν μὲν καλέσας, αὐτὴν τὴν ἀρχήν, μεγαλοσύνην δὲ τὸ περίβλεπτον τῆς ἐξουσίας, τιμὴν δὲ τὴν παρὰ πάντων προσκύνησιν, δόξαν δὲ τοῦ πλούτου τὴν περιουσίαν, καὶ τὴν παρὰ πάντων εὐφημίαν· τῷ θεῷ δὲ ταύτην ἀνέθηκεν, δεικνὺς ὡς οὐδὲ προγονικοῖς, ἀλλ᾽ οἰκείοις καὶ τοῖς παρὰ θεοῦ δοθεῖσι κατορθώμασιν ἐκεῖνος ἐσεμνύνετο.

### English translation (Claude)

"God Most High gave the kingdom to Nebuchadnezzar." Calling the rule itself "kingdom," the conspicuousness of authority "greatness," the worship from all "honor," and the abundance of wealth and the acclaim of all "glory," he ascribed this to God, showing that Nebuchadnezzar took pride not in ancestral achievements but in his own, which were given by God.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-19
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Nebuchadnezzar ruled all nations with unchallenged authority.

### Greek text

Πάντες οἱ λαοί, φυλαί. Οὐ τῆς οἰκείας πατρίδος φησὶ μόνον κατεῖχεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐθνῶν ἐξέτεινε τὴν ἀρχήν· καὶ εἶκον ἅπαντες τοῖς αὐτοῦ μετὰ δέους προστάγμασιν, οὐδὲ τυραννικὸν οὐδενὸς βουλευσαμένου πώποτε. — Πάντα φησὶ μετὰ ἐξουσίας ἔπραττεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"All the peoples, tribes." He held not only his own homeland, he says, but extended his rule over the other nations too; and all yielded to his commands with fear, no one ever plotting rebellion. — He did everything, he says, with authority.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:19: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:19. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.19 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-19).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 20

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-20
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Nebuchadnezzar's pride against God cost him his kingdom.

### Greek text

Καὶ ὅτε ὑψώθη ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ. Ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως φησὶν ὁ εἰς ἀκρότατον τῆς δυναστείας ἐλθών, ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τῶν ὅλων ἠλαζονεύσατο, ἀποφάσει θείᾳ μετεσκευάσθη τῆς βασιλείας.

### English translation (Claude)

"And when his heart was lifted up." Yet, he says, the one who reached the summit of power, since he boasted against the God of all, was removed from the kingdom by divine sentence.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:20: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:20. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.20 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-20).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Belshazzar outdid his father's pride by profaning the temple vessels.

### Greek text

Σὺ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Βαλτάσαρ. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ εἰ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς μεγαλοφρονῶν ὤφθη, τὴν γοῦν περὶ τὰ σκεύη εὐλάβειαν ἀπεδείξατο· σὺ δὲ τῆς ἀλαζονείας οὐ κατέλιπες ἐκείνῳ ὑπερβολήν· καὶ κατὰ τούτων ἐκ τῆς εἰς θεὸν παροινίας τολμηρῶς ἐξέτεινας τὰς χεῖρας, καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐλέγξας τὸ φύσημα ἐπὶ τὰ γεγονότα χωρεῖ.

### English translation (Claude)

"You, his son Belshazzar." For he, even if he appeared arrogant in other things, at least showed reverence toward the vessels; but you have left him no excess of boastfulness, and in your drunken insolence toward God you boldly stretched out your hands against them. And having exposed the swelling of his soul, he goes on to what happened.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:22–23: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:22–23. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: 'Mene' means God has measured and ended the king's rule, as in Zechariah's vision of the lead measure.

### Greek text

Μανή, ἐμέτρησεν. Τουτέστιν ὥσπερ μέτρῳ τινί, ἄχρι τοῦ παρόντος χρόνου, τὴν σὴν ζωὴν περιώρισεν· ὥσπερ γὰρ παρὰ τῷ Ζαχαρίᾳ μέτρον ἐθεάσατο μολύβδου, ἵνα μάθῃ τὸ τέλος τῆς περὶ τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας μακροθυμίας, οὕτω καὶ νῦν ὥσπερ μέτρῳ τινὶ περιωρίσθαι λέγει τῶν κρατούντων τὴν δυναστείαν· τὸ γὰρ μανὴ μέτρον σημαίνει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Mane: he has measured." That is, he has limited your life as by a measure until the present time; for just as in Zechariah he saw a measure of lead, so that he might learn the end of God's patience toward sinners, so now too he says that the power of the rulers has been limited as by a measure; for mane means "measure."

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:26: quotation, high confidence
- Zech 5:7–8: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:26; Zech 5:6–8. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: 'Tekel' means the king's reign was weighed against his deeds and found wanting.

### Greek text

Θεκέλ, ἐστάθη ἐν ζυγῷ. Ἔστι μὲν οὖν τὸ θεκὲλ σταθμός· βούλεται δὲ δεῖξαι ὡς οὐκ ἄκριτον τὴν κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ ψῆφον ἐξήνεγκεν ὁ θεός, τρόπον δέ τινα ἀντιταλαντευθεὶς ὁ χρόνος τῆς σῆς ἀρχῆς ταῖς πράξεσιν, ᾤχετο καθελκυσθεὶς τῷ βάρει τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων· ἵνα εἴπῃ ὡς διὰ τὰς παρανομίας οὐκ ἄξιος ὤφθης τὴν σαυτοῦ παρατεῖναι βασιλείαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Thekel: it was weighed in the balance." Thekel means "weight"; he wants to show that God did not bring his sentence against him without judgment, but that the time of your rule, weighed in some way against your deeds, went down, dragged by the weight of your sins: to say that because of your lawlessness you were found unworthy to prolong your kingdom.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:27: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains why Daniel gave counsel to Nebuchadnezzar but none to the incorrigible Belshazzar.

### Greek text

Φαρές, διῄρηται. Σημαίνει μὲν οὖν τὸ Φαρὲς διαίρεσιν· λέγει δὲ ὡς οὐ νῦν δίκην τῆς κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τόλμης δώσεις, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ παραπέμψεις εἰς ἐκγόνους τὴν ἀρχήν, τῇ τῶν παίδων εὐδοξίᾳ τιμώμενος. Ἄχρι τούτου ἔστη ὁ προφήτης, οὐκέτι δὲ καὶ συμβουλὴν εἰσηγήσατο ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ, ἀκολουθῶν καθόλου τῇ θείᾳ γνώμῃ· ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνου μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνυπνίου ἑώρα ἐλπίδα τινὰ προσοῦσαν τῷ βασιλεῖ· καὶ ἄλλως δὲ αὐτὸν εὐλαβῶς ᾔδει περὶ τοὺς θείους διακείμενον χρησμούς· ἐπί τε γὰρ τῆς τοῦ ἀνδριάντος ἑρμηνείας, οὐ μόνον τοῖς λοιποῖς ἐτίμησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ προσκυνήσεως ἄξιον ἡγήσατο· καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ δένδρου· πρὸς δὲ τοῖς ῥηθεῖσι, καὶ τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἡγεμόνας ἀνέδειξε τοὺς δικαίους· διόπερ ἀγαπῶν τὸν ἄνδρα, καὶ χρηστὰς αὐτῷ τὰς ἐλπίδας ὑποτείνων, πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀγαθῶν προέτρεπε πρᾶξιν· ἐπὶ δὲ τούτου, οὐ μόνον ἀγνώμονα περὶ τὰς θείας ᾔδει δωρεάς, ἀλλὰ καὶ παντελῶς τῆς χείρονος γέγονε μοίρας· πρὸς τοίνυν ἄνδρα οὔτε τι χρηστὸν κεκτημένον, οὔτε τὴν ἐκ τῶν πραγμάτων δεχόμενον διδασκαλίαν, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα εἰς ὁμολογουμένην ἀπόφασιν πεπτωκότα, περιττὸν ἔκρινε περὶ τῶν προσηκόντων διαλέγεσθαι.

### English translation (Claude)

"Phares: it has been divided." Phares means "division"; he says that you will not only now pay the penalty for your daring against God, but will not even pass the rule on to descendants, honored by the good repute of your sons. The prophet stopped here, and no longer offered counsel as in the case of Nebuchadnezzar, following throughout the divine purpose. In that case he saw from the dream that there was some hope for the king; and besides he knew him to be reverently disposed toward the divine oracles; for at the interpretation of the statue he not only honored him with the rest but thought him worthy of worship, and again at the tree; and besides what was said, he appointed the righteous men governors in the kingdom. Therefore, loving the man and holding out good hopes to him, he urged him to the doing of good. But in this case he knew him not only to be ungrateful for the divine gifts, but to have become wholly of the worse lot. To a man, then, who had nothing good and did not accept the teaching of events, and so had fallen under an acknowledged sentence, he judged it superfluous to speak of what was fitting.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:28: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 2:46: allusion, medium confidence
- Dan 4:27 (4:24 LXX): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:28; compare Dan 2:46; 4:27. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 5.25) is joined here and 5.25 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-26
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius suggests that Daniel was honored that night while the proclamation existed only in writing.

### Greek text

Ἐνέδυσαν τὸν Δανιὴλ πορφύραν. Ἀπορήσειε δ᾽ ἄν τις ὅπως ἢ πότε ταῦτα ἐπράχθησαν· οἶμαι τοίνυν τὴν μὲν ἑρμηνείαν τοῦ γράμματος ἔτι τῆς νυκτὸς οὔσης εἰρῆσθαι παρὰ τοῦ Δανιήλ· καὶ τῇ πορφύρᾳ καὶ τῷ περιαυχενίῳ παραυτίκα τετιμῆσθαι, παρεστώσης τῆς στρατείας καὶ τῶν ἐν τέλει πάντων· τὸ δὲ κήρυγμα οὐ γεγενῆσθαι, ἀλλ᾽ ἐν γράμμασι διατετυπῶσθαι μόνον· τὸ δ᾽ ὅσον οὐδέπω ἐσόμενον, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πεπληρωμένον τῇ κρίσει ὡς γεγονὸς ὁ ἱστοριογράφος τέθεικεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"They clothed Daniel in purple." One might ask how or when these things were done. I think, then, that Daniel gave the interpretation of the writing while it was still night, and was honored at once with the purple and the necklace, with the army and all the officials present; but that the proclamation did not take place, but was only drawn up in writing; and what was not yet to be, or rather what was fulfilled by the judgment, the historian set down as having happened.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:29: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:29. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.26 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-26).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 27

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-27
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Belshazzar was killed the same night, once God had been vindicated.

### Greek text

Ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ νυκτὶ ἀνῃρέθη. Ἐλεγχθείσης γὰρ τῆς μαγγανείας τῶν ἐν Βαβυλῶνι σοφῶν, καὶ τοῦ δεσπότου κηρυχθέντος, κατελάμβανε τὸν παράνομον ἡ δίκη.

### English translation (Claude)

"That very night he was killed." For once the trickery of the wise men in Babylon had been exposed and the Master proclaimed, justice overtook the lawless man.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:30: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:30. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.27 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-27).

## Commentary on Daniel 5, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-5-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius reports the view that Darius was Belshazzar's governor who, believing Daniel, seized the kingdom for the Medes.

### Greek text

Καὶ Δαρεῖος ὁ μῆδος παρέλαβε τὴν βασιλείαν. Ζητεῖται πῶς ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ, καὶ τῆς γραφῆς τὴν ἑρμηνείαν εἶπεν ὁ Δανιήλ, καὶ Βαβυλωνίων ἀφῃρέθη ἡ βασιλεία, καὶ μῆδοι κατέσχον τὴν ἐκείνων ἀρχήν· καὶ πρὸς τούτῳ πῶς εἰς μήδους φησὶ καὶ πέρσας ὁμοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν μετατεθήσεσθαι, φήσας ἐν τῇ τῆς γραφῆς ἑρμηνείᾳ, Δαρεῖον τὸν μῆδον μόνον παρειληφέναι τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπήγαγε· τινὲς μὲν οὖν ἔφασαν ὡς Δαρεῖος ὕπαρχος ἦν τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ, εὐσεβὴς δὲ ὢν παρὰ πάντας τοὺς λοιπούς, καὶ σφόδρα γνησίως πρὸς τοὺς εὐσεβεῖς τῶν ἰουδαίων διακείμενος, ἐπείθετο ἀληθῆ εἶναι τὰ παρὰ τῷ Δανιὴλ εἰρημένα· ὡς οὖν ταῦτα ὁ προφήτης ἀπεφήνατο, οὐκ ἐνδοιάσας περὶ τῶν εἰρημένων, ἅπαντας ἀθρόως ἐκίνησε κατὰ τοῦ βασιλέως· καὶ τὸν μὲν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐξήλασεν· αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν κατέσχεν, εἰς μήδους τὴν ἀρχὴν μεταστήσας.

### English translation (Claude)

"And Darius the Mede received the kingdom." It is asked how, at the same time, Daniel told the interpretation of the writing, the kingdom was taken from the Babylonians, and the Medes held their rule; and besides, how, having said in the interpretation of the writing that the rule would pass to the Medes and Persians together, he added that Darius the Mede alone received the rule. Some, then, have said that Darius was Belshazzar's governor, and, being godly beyond all the rest and very sincerely disposed toward the godly among the Jews, he was persuaded that what Daniel had said was true. So when the prophet declared these things, he did not hesitate about what had been said, but stirred everyone at once against the king; and he drove him from rule and himself held the kingdom, transferring the rule to the Medes.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:31 (6:1 LXX): quotation, high confidence
- Dan 5:28: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 5:31 (MT/Theodotion 6:1); compare 5:28. The view is reported as Polychronius gives it ("some have said"). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 5.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/5-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Darius appointed many satraps for his vast realm.

### Greek text

Σατράπας ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι. Τουτέστι πολλῆς οὔσης τῆς ἐξουσίας, ἐδοκίμασε πολλοὺς εἶναι τοὺς καθ᾽ ἑκάστην πατρίδα ἄρχοντας.

### English translation (Claude)

"A hundred and twenty satraps." That is, since the dominion was great, he decided that the rulers in each homeland should be many.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:1 (6:2 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:1 (MT/Theodotion 6:2). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel was one of three high officers.

### Greek text

Τακτικοὺς τρεῖς. Τουτέστιν ἐφεστάναι τοῖς τάγμασιν ἐκέλευσε· τακτικοὺς γὰρ ἐκάλεσε τοὺς τῶν ταγμάτων ἡγεμόνας· καὶ ἦν Δανιὴλ εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Three officers." That is, he ordered them to be set over the regiments; for he called the commanders of the regiments "officers" (taktikoi); and Daniel was one of them.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:2 (6:3 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:2 (MT/Theodotion 6:3). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The officers spared the king routine business, as Moses' judges did.

### Greek text

Ὅπως ὁ βασιλεὺς μὴ ἐνοχλῆται. Τουτέστιν ὥστε τὰ ἀναγκαιότατα μόνα ἐπὶ τὸν βασιλέα ἔρχεσθαι· τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ διοικεῖσθαι παρὰ τούτων· τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ Μωσέως γεγένηται.

### English translation (Claude)

"So that the king might not be troubled." That is, so that only the most necessary matters should come to the king, and the rest be administered by these; this happened also in the time of Moses.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:2 (6:3 LXX): quotation, high confidence
- Exod 18:22: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:2 (MT/Theodotion 6:3); compare Exod 18:22. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 6.4) is joined here and 6.4 is held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 8–9).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):8; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's 'excellent spirit' means his superior understanding, which Polychronius also traces to divine grace.

### Greek text

Ὅτι πνεῦμα περισσότερον. Τουτέστι σοφώτερος ἐδείκνυτο, καὶ κατὰ τὴν διοίκησιν ἐπιτηδειότερος, οὐ μόνον τῶν τριῶν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ πλήθους· ὥστε δειχθῆναι πάντων τῶν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ ὑπερφερῆ τὸν δίκαιον. — Πνεῦμα μὲν οὖν ἐνταῦθα λέγει τὴν σύνεσιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῶν λογισμῶν τῆς ψυχῆς τὸ κίνημα, καὶ τὴν περὶ τὰ πράγματα ἐντρέχειαν· οὐ γὰρ περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου ἔφη, ὅτι περισσὸν ἦν ἐν αὐτῷ· οὐ γὰρ οἱ λοιποὶ μετεῖχον πνεύματος, ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀσεβείας ἦσαν μέτοχοι· οἶμαι καὶ τὸν προφήτην ἐνταῦθα αἰνίττεσθαι τὴν θείαν χάριν, ἀφ᾽ ἧς καὶ τὴν κατὰ πάντων ὑπεροχὴν ἀσύγκριτον εἶχεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Because an excellent spirit." That is, he showed himself wiser and more capable in administration, not only than the three but than the whole multitude, so that the righteous man was shown superior to all in the kingdom. — By "spirit" he means here his understanding, the movement of the thoughts of his soul, and his skill in affairs; for he did not say of the Holy Spirit that it was "excellent" in him; for the others did not share in the Spirit, since they shared in impiety. Yet I think the prophet hints here at the divine grace, from which he had his incomparable superiority over all.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:3 (6:4 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:3 (MT/Theodotion 6:4). Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 9.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Darius promoted Daniel, and his rivals sought a pretext or fault in his administration.

### Greek text

Ὁ βασιλεὺς κατέστησεν αὐτόν. Ὡς εἶναι φησὶ δῆλον, ὡς πειθόμενος τοῖς παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Δανιὴλ εἰρημένοις, καὶ ἐπεχώρησε τῷ ἔργῳ, καὶ τετίμηκε τὸν Δανιὴλ ὡς εὐσεβῆ· οἷον δὴ καὶ κατὰ τὸν Ἰὼβ σκοπήσας τις εὕροι γεγονός. — Τουτέστιν ἐκ τῶν πραγμάτων κρείττων τῶν λοιπῶν ὀφθείς, τῶν ὅλων τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἔλαβε παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως. Πρόφασιν καὶ παράπτωμα. Πρόφασιν μὲν λέγων τὴν μεγίστην τοῦ θανάτου ἀφορμήν· παράπτωμα δὲ οὐ καίριον μέν, ὅμως δὲ ἔχον ἀφορμήν τινα ὅπερ κατηγορίας ἐν τῇ διοικήσει τῶν ὑπηκόων ηὑρίσκετο.

### English translation (Claude)

"The king set him over them." So that it is clear, he says, that, persuaded by what Daniel himself had said, he both carried it into action and honored Daniel as godly; as one might find, on looking, happened also in the case of Job. — That is, having been seen from his deeds to be better than the rest, he received authority over all from the king. "A pretext and a fault." By "pretext" he means the greatest occasion for death; by "fault" something not fatal, yet having some occasion for an accusation, which might be found in his administration of the subjects.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:3–4 (6:4-Dan LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:3–4 (MT/Theodotion 6:4–5). The comparison with Job is as read in a blurred image (perhaps Joseph); uncertain. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's integrity left his rivals no grounds except his religion.

### Greek text

Ὅτι πιστὸς ἦν. Οἱονεὶ τὸ τυχὸν ὅπερ ἐκ τῆς περὶ τοὺς πένητας ἐδείκνυτο γνώμης· μήτε δωροδοκίᾳ τινὶ τὸ δίκαιον ἀπεμπολῶν, μηδὲ ἀφαιρούμενος τοὺς δεσμοὺς τοῦ δικαίου, αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν· τουτέστι τοῦ δικαίου καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας οὐδαμῶς ἐξιστάμενος. — Πλάττεσθαί φασιν οὐ δίκαιον· εὐφώρατοι γὰρ ἐσόμεθα, τῆς ἐξετάσεως τὴν κατασκευὴν γνωριζούσης· τὸ δὲ ὁμολογούμενον εἰς κατηγορίαν τρέπειν προσήκει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Because he was faithful." As was shown, for instance, from his disposition toward the poor: neither selling justice for a bribe, nor removing the bonds of justice for shameful gain; that is, never departing from justice and truth. — To invent charges, they say, is not right; for we shall be easily caught, since an inquiry will reveal the fabrication; but it is fitting to turn what is admitted into an accusation.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:4–5 (6:5-Dan LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:4–5 (MT/Theodotion 6:5–6). The opening phrase (Οἱονεὶ τὸ τυχόν) is obscure; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The officials flattered the king and rushed him into the decree before he could reflect.

### Greek text

Στῆσον ὁρισμόν. Σχηματίζονται τὴν περὶ αὐτὸν εὔνοιαν, ὡς ἂν αὐτοῖς ἔχῃ τὸ σκαιώρημα· ἀπὸ τῆς περὶ σέ φασι διαθέσεως καὶ τῆς περὶ τὴν βασιλείαν εὐνοίας, ἥκομεν ἐπὶ τήνδε τὴν βουλήν· πλείστῃ δὲ τῇ θωπείᾳ κέχρηνται, δεινὸν εἰδότες τὴν κολακείαν καὶ τὸν ἔμφρονα κλέψαι τὸν νοῦν. — Οὐδένα χρόνον εἰς βουλὴν τῷ βασιλεῖ κατέλιπον· ἔδεισαν γὰρ μὴ σκέψεως καιρὸν δεδωκότες, διαμάρτωσι τοῦ σκοποῦ, τῆς ἀτοπίας τοῦ προταθέντος αὐτόθεν δεικνυμένης.

### English translation (Claude)

"Establish a decree." They pretend goodwill toward him, so that the trick may succeed for them: "From our disposition toward you," they say, "and our goodwill toward the kingdom, we have come to this counsel"; and they use the greatest flattery, knowing that flattery is able to steal even the mind of a sensible man. — They left the king no time for deliberation; for they feared that if they gave time for reflection, they would miss their aim, since the absurdity of the proposal would at once be shown.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:7 (6:8 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:6–7 (MT/Theodotion 6:7–8). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The decree was made unalterable by royal law.

### Greek text

Ὅπως μὴ ἀλλοιωθῇ τὸ δόγμα. Τουτέστι νόμῳ βασιλέως ὁρισθῆναι τοῦτο, ὥστε ἀπαράβατον εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμα τῇ ἀξιοπιστίᾳ τοῦ νομοθετοῦντος.

### English translation (Claude)

"So that the decree may not be changed." That is, that this be fixed by the king's law, so that the matter be inviolable by the credibility of the lawgiver.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:8 (6:9 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:8 (MT/Theodotion 6:9). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king signed, unaware of the plot.

### Greek text

Τότε ὁ βασιλεύς. Οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει τὸ σκαιώρημα, καὶ τὴν θωπείαν ἐδέξατο.

### English translation (Claude)

"Then the king." For he did not know the trick, and accepted the flattery.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:9 (6:10 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:9 (MT/Theodotion 6:10). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel, knowing the decree, prayed more earnestly toward Jerusalem, choosing to obey God even at the risk of death.

### Greek text

Καὶ Δανιὴλ ἡνίκα ἔγνω. Κάλλιστα ἔφη τὸ ἡνίκα ἔγνω· ἐνεδείξατο γὰρ ὡς πλείονι τῇ περὶ τὴν προσευχὴν προσοχῇ τοῦ νόμου τεθέντος ἐχρήσατο· ὡς γὰρ ἀγῶνος κειμένου, ἢ τῆς εἰς θεὸν ἔχεσθαι εὐσεβείας, ἢ τὸν ἀνθρώπινον φόβον ἔμπροσθεν θεῖναι τῆς περὶ τὸ καλὸν ἐμμελείας, ἐπέτεινε τὴν σπουδήν· ἄμεινον εἶναι κρίνων τὸ μετ᾽ εὐσεβείας ἀποθανεῖν, ἢ παρανόμως ζῆν· οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ τὴν προσευχὴν ποιεῖται, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ βλέπων, ὅπερ μείζονα τῆς περὶ θεὸν φιλίας τὸ τεκμήριον παρείχετο· οὔτε γὰρ ἀγνοῶν τὸν κωλυτικὸν ὅρον, ἀδεῶς προσεύχεται παρὰ τὰ ὡρισμένα, οὔτε γινώσκων ἐπίτηδες ἐναντιοῦται τῷ προστάγματι· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἦν οὐ φιλόθεον· τὸ δὲ φιλοκίνδυνον. Καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγα. Οὐ παραχωρητέον οὖν ἀνθρώποις τοῦ θείου νόμου διὰ τὸν φόβον, ἀλλὰ θεῷ καὶ μετὰ κινδύνων ἀκολουθητέον.

### English translation (Claude)

"And Daniel, when he knew." "When he knew" is excellently said; for it showed that, once the law had been made, he applied himself to prayer with greater attention. For since a contest lay before him, either to hold to godliness toward God or to put human fear before diligence in what is good, he intensified his zeal, judging it better to die with godliness than to live unlawfully. And he did not pray simply, but looking toward Jerusalem, which gave greater proof of his love for God. For he neither prays freely against what was decreed as though ignorant of the prohibition, nor, knowing it, deliberately sets himself against the command: the one would not have been God-loving, the other would have been courting danger. And a little after: One must not, then, give way to men against the divine law out of fear, but follow God even with dangers.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:10 (6:11 LXX): quotation, high confidence
- Acts 5:29: echo, low confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:10 (MT/Theodotion 6:11). The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 6.12) is joined here and 6.12 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-13
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The accusers trapped the king with his own decree while hiding their motive.

### Greek text

Οὐχὶ ὁρισμὸν ἔταξας. Τῇ ἴσῃ καὶ νῦν κέχρηνται κακουργίᾳ· πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ δόγματος οὗτοι ἤρξαντο τοῦ γεγενημένου· ἐνταῦθα δὲ κρύψαντες τῶν γραμμάτων τὴν αἰτίαν, αὐτῷ τῷ βασιλεῖ καθαρὰν περιάπτουσι τοῦ νόμου τὴν διαγόρευσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Did you not issue a decree?" They use the same villainy now too: before the decree they began from what had happened; but here, hiding the reason for the document, they fasten on the king himself the plain declaration of the law.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:12 (6:13 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:12 (MT/Theodotion 6:13). The clause πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ δόγματος οὗτοι ἤρξαντο τοῦ γεγενημένου is read from a blurred image; its sense is uncertain. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.13 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-13).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king saw the trap but could not undo the law.

### Greek text

Ὁ βασιλεὺς πολὺ ἐλυπήθη. Τουτέστιν ἐν ἀπορίᾳ κατέστη, συνιδὼν μὲν τὸν δόλον, οὐκ εἰδὼς δὲ ὅ τι πράξει· οὔτε γὰρ ἀρνεῖσθαι τὰ ἄρτι ὁμολογηθέντα εἶχεν, οὔτ᾽ ἄντικρυς ᾤετο δεῖν τὸν νόμον λύειν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The king was much grieved." That is, he was at a loss, seeing the deceit but not knowing what to do; for he could neither deny what he had just agreed to, nor did he think he ought openly to break the law.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:14 (6:15 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:14 (MT/Theodotion 6:15). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Darius strove until sunset to save Daniel.

### Greek text

Ἠγωνίσατο τοῦ ἐξελέσθαι αὐτόν. Ἐπειρᾶτο φησὶν ἑτέροις τισὶ λόγοις ἀποκρούσασθαι τὴν κατὰ τοῦ δικαίου ψῆφον· καὶ ἕως πρὸς δυσμαῖς ἡλίου ἠγωνίζετο τοῦ ἐξελέσθαι αὐτόν· οὐ τὸ πρᾶγμα μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ χρόνος ἔδειξε τὴν περὶ τὸν δίκαιον εὔνοιαν τοῦ βασιλέως.

### English translation (Claude)

"He struggled to deliver him." He tried, he says, by other arguments to ward off the sentence against the righteous man; and until sunset he strove to deliver him: not only the deed but also the time showed the king's goodwill toward the righteous man.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:14 (6:15 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:14 (MT/Theodotion 6:15). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king had to choose between saving Daniel and upholding the law.

### Greek text

Τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶπε. Ἔθος φησὶν ἀρχαῖον παρηκολούθησε κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον τοὺς βασιλικοὺς παραβαίνεσθαι νόμους· ἄρα δὲ δυοῖν ἑλέσθαι ἕτερον, ἢ τὸν Δανιὴλ σώσαντα ἄδειαν τοῖς λοιποῖς παραβάσεως δοῦναι, ἢ τὴν τῶν νόμων ἰσχύν, ἐκ τοῦ νόμου ψῆφον ὁρίσαι κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ.

### English translation (Claude)

"Then the king said." An ancient custom, he says, was followed, that the royal laws were in no way to be transgressed; so he had to choose one of two things: either, by saving Daniel, give the rest licence to transgress, or, keeping the force of the laws, pass sentence against him by the law.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:15 (6:16 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:15 (MT/Theodotion 6:16). The last clause is elliptical in the Greek; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Darius hoped God would save Daniel, and the double sealing of the den, like the guard at Christ's tomb, made the deliverance indisputable.

### Greek text

Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῷ Δανιήλ. Ἀπὸ τῶν προτέρων οἶμαι πεπαιδευμένος ὁ βασιλεύς, ἐλπίδας χρηστὰς περὶ τοῦ δικαίου ἔλαβε, καὶ ὡς οὐκ ἔνεστιν αὐτὸν παροφθῆναι· ἐλογίζετο γὰρ ὅτι καὶ τοὺς περὶ Ἀνανίαν τοῦ πυρὸς ἐξαρπάσας, οἷός τέ ἐστι καὶ τῆς τῶν θηρίων ὠμότητος ἐξελκύσαι τὸν δίκαιον. Καὶ ἐσφραγίσατο ὁ βασιλεύς. Ἐλπίσας σώζεσθαι τὸν δίκαιον, προνοήσει ὅπως μή τινα ἑτέραν ἐπιβουλὴν ὑπομείνῃ· καὶ ἀσφαλισάμενος τὸν λάκκον, σήμαντρα ἐπέθηκεν οὐχ ἑαυτοῦ μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἐν τέλει, ὡς ἂν μὴ αὐτὸς ὑποπτευθῇ βοηθεῖν τῷ δικαίῳ· καὶ τοῦτο κατὰ θείαν ἐγένετο προμήθειαν, ἵνα μὴ ἀνθρωπίνῃ συμμαχίᾳ φήσωσιν ἀβλαβῆ διαμεῖναι τὸν δίκαιον· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἐγένετο· ᾠκονομήθη φύλακας δοθῆναι τῷ μνήματι, ἵνα μήτε κλοπὴν τοῦ νεκροῦ κατηγορήσωσι καὶ οἱ ἐχθροί, μάρτυρες τῆς ἀληθείας γίνωνται.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the king said to Daniel." The king, taught, I think, by earlier events, had good hopes for the righteous man, that he could not be overlooked; for he reasoned that he who snatched Hananiah and his companions from the fire was able also to draw the righteous man out of the savagery of the beasts. "And the king sealed it." Hoping that the righteous man would be saved, he took care that he should not suffer any other plot; and, securing the den, he put on it the seals not only of himself but also of the officials, so that he himself might not be suspected of helping the righteous man. And this happened by divine providence, so that they might not say that the righteous man remained unharmed by human aid. So it happened also in the case of the Lord: it was arranged that guards be given to the tomb, so that the enemies might not allege a theft of the body, and might become witnesses of the truth.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:16–17 (6:17-Dan LXX): quotation, high confidence
- Matt 27:62–66: allusion, high confidence
- Matt 28:11–15: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:16–17 (MT/Theodotion 6:17–18); Dan 3; Matt 27:62–66; 28:11–15. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's fasting and sleeplessness showed his concern for Daniel.

### Greek text

Ἐκοιμήθη ἄδειπνος. Πολλὴν τὴν περὶ τὸν δίκαιον φροντίδα δεικνὺς τοῦ βασιλέως, ὅπου γε οὐ τῆς συνήθους μόνον ἀπέσχετο τροφῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὕπνου κρείττων ἐγένετο, ὑπὸ τοῦ παραλόγου τῶν σκαιωρηθέντων εἰς ἀμηχανίαν καταστάς.

### English translation (Claude)

"He went to bed without supper." Showing the king's great concern for the righteous man, since he not only abstained from his usual food but even rose above sleep, reduced to helplessness by the unreasonableness of what had been plotted.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:18 (6:19 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:18 (MT/Theodotion 6:19). The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 6.20) is joined here, and 6.19 (a stray letter) and 6.20 are held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 9–10).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):9; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's cry showed both hope and doubt about Daniel's survival.

### Greek text

Ἐβόησε φωνῇ ἰσχυρᾷ. Τὴν περὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπιθυμίαν ἔδειξε τῆς φωνῆς ὁ τόνος· καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, εἰ ἐσώθη· οὐ γὰρ εἶχε φύσιν τὸ πρᾶγμα· ἀλλ᾽ εἰ ὁ θεός σε ἐδυνήθη ἐξαρπάσαι, ὁ τῆς παρὰ σοῦ θεραπείας ἀξιούμενος ἀεί· τὸ δέ, εἰ ἐδυνήθη ἐξελέσθαι σε ἀπὸ στόματος τῶν λεόντων, ἐμφαίνει ὡς ἤλπιζε μέν τι παράδοξον ἔσεσθαι περὶ αὐτόν, ὑπώπτευε δὲ καὶ μὴ ἔσεσθαι, τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως οὐ συγχωρούσης τὸ πρᾶγμα.

### English translation (Claude)

"He cried with a loud voice." The pitch of his voice showed his longing about the matter. And he did not simply say "if he was saved," for the thing was not in nature; but "if God was able to snatch you away, he who is always counted worthy of your service." And "if he was able to deliver you from the mouth of the lions" shows that he hoped something wonderful would happen to him, but also suspected that it would not, since human nature does not allow such a thing.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:20 (6:21 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:20 (MT/Theodotion 6:21). Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 10.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel attributes his deliverance to God's angel.

### Greek text

Ὁ θεός μου ἀπέστειλε τὸν ἄγγελον. Οὐκ εἶπεν ὅτι ζῶ, οὐδ᾽ ὅτι ἀπέθανον, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τὸν θεὸν ἀνήνεγκε τὸ παράδοξον· καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς ἐνέφραξε τῶν λεόντων τὰ στόματα, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι ἀπέστειλε τὸν ἄγγελον αὐτοῦ· πολλὴν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐξουσίαν σημαίνων, καὶ τῶν διακόνων τὸ ἀξιόπιστον.

### English translation (Claude)

"My God sent his angel." He did not say "I am alive," nor "I did not die," but referred the wonder to God; and he did not simply say "God shut the lions' mouths," but that he "sent his angel," signifying his great authority and the trustworthiness of his ministers.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:22 (6:23 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:22 (MT/Theodotion 6:23). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God, knowing Daniel's innocence, protected him.

### Greek text

Ὅτι κατέναντι αὐτοῦ κ. τ. λ. Τουτέστιν ἔγνω τῆς γνώμης τὸ ὀρθόν· καὶ δίκαιος ὤν, οὐ συνεχώρησε παθεῖν τὸν οὐδὲν ἠδικηκότα.

### English translation (Claude)

"Because before him," and so on. That is, he knew the uprightness of his purpose, and, being just, did not allow one who had done no wrong to suffer.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:22 (6:23 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:22. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel affirms that he was blameless toward the king as well as toward God.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐνώπιον δέ σου. Ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἐν τοῖς θείοις φησὶ μόνον ἄμεμπτος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῇ περὶ τὰ πιστευθέντα διακονίᾳ καθαρὸς ἐγκλημάτων πεφώραμαι· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι διαβάλλοντες ἔλεγον, οὐχ ὑπετάγη τῷ δόγματί σου, βουλόμενος δεῖξαι ὡς οὐ δικαίαν πεποίηνται τὴν κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ κατηγορίαν, καὶ τῆς περὶ τὸν βασιλέα εὐνοίας ἐμνήσθη· ἄντικρυς τοῖς παρ᾽ ἐκείνων λεχθεῖσι δεικνὺς ἀντὶ μαρτύρων τὰ πράγματα.

### English translation (Claude)

"And before you too." Not only in divine things, he says, am I blameless, but in the service entrusted to me too I have been found clean of charges. For since they slanderously said, "He did not submit to your decree," wishing to show that they had made an unjust accusation against him, he also mentioned his goodwill toward the king, setting the facts directly against what they had said, in place of witnesses.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:22 (6:23 LXX): quotation, high confidence
- Dan 6:13 (6:14 LXX): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:22; compare 6:13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 25

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-25
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The king's affection for Daniel grew.

### Greek text

Πολὺ ἠγαθύνθη ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ. Τουτέστι μείζονα τὴν περὶ αὐτὸν ἔσχε διάθεσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He was very glad about him." That is, he had a greater affection for him.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:23 (6:24 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:23 (MT/Theodotion 6:24). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.25 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-25).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-26
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's being unharmed proved the deliverance was God's work.

### Greek text

Καὶ πᾶσα διαφθορὰ οὐχ εὑρέθη. Ἵνα γὰρ μή τις νομίσῃ κατά τινα τέχνην ἢ ῥώμην σώματος περιγεγενῆσθαι τῶν θηρίων τὸν προφήτην, καθαρὸν τραυμάτων καὶ λοιπῆς διαφθορᾶς εὑρῆσθαι αὐτὸν ἔφη, ὡς ἀναντίρρητος ἡ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ βοήθεια ὀφθείη.

### English translation (Claude)

"And no harm was found." Lest anyone think the prophet overcame the beasts by some skill or bodily strength, he said that he was found clean of wounds and of any other harm, so that the help from God might be seen to be undeniable.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:23 (6:24 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:23. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.26 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-26).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 27

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-27
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The lions' attack on the accusers proved they had not spared Daniel from satiety.

### Greek text

Καὶ οὐκ ἔφθασαν εἰς τὸ ἔδαφος. Μάλιστα ἡ περὶ τούτους ὁρμὴ τῶν θηρίων ἔδειξε τὸ θαῦμα λαμπρότερον· εἰ μὲν γὰρ κεκορεσμένα τὰ θηρία οὐ προσέβαλε τῷ προφήτῃ, δῆλον ὅτι οὐδ᾽ ἂν τούτων ἥψατο· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοσαύτῃ τῇ κατὰ τούτων ἐχρήσαντο ὁρμῇ, καὶ ταῦτα οὐχ ἑνὸς οὐδὲ δευτέρου τοῦ ἐμβληθέντος, ἀλλὰ πλήθους πολλοῦ, μετὰ γὰρ γυναικῶν καὶ παιδίων, δῆλον ὡς ἀκατηγόρητον τὸ θαῦμα γεγένηται.

### English translation (Claude)

"And they had not reached the floor." Above all, the beasts' attack on these men showed the wonder more brightly. For if the beasts did not attack the prophet because they were sated, clearly they would not have touched these either; but since they attacked them with such violence, and that not one or two who were thrown in but a great multitude, with women and children, it is clear that the wonder was beyond reproach.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:24 (6:25 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:24 (MT/Theodotion 6:25). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.27 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-27).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Darius, like Nebuchadnezzar, proclaimed God's power.

### Greek text

Τότε Δαρεῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔγραψε πᾶσι τοῖς λαοῖς. Ὥσπερ ὁ Ναβουχοδονόσορ μετὰ τὰ θαύματα πᾶσι διήγγελλε τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Δαρεῖος.

### English translation (Claude)

"Then King Darius wrote to all the peoples." As Nebuchadnezzar after the wonders proclaimed God's power to all, so did Darius.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:25 (6:26 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:25 (MT/Theodotion 6:26). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 29

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-29
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Darius promises peace to those who honor Daniel's God.

### Greek text

Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν πληθυνθείη. Τουτέστιν ἐν εὐσταθούσῃ τῇ βασιλείᾳ διάγοιτε· διαμενεῖτέ φησι πάσης ἄτης ἐκτός, εἰ τὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ Δανιὴλ σεβόμενον θεὸν τιμᾶτε.

### English translation (Claude)

"May your peace be multiplied." That is, may you live in a stable kingdom; you will remain, he says, free of all harm, if you honor the God worshipped by Daniel.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:25 (6:26 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:25. The words πάσης ἄτης ἐκτός are read from a blurred image; uncertain. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.29 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-29).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 30

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-30
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Darius confesses God as eternal, without successor, and mighty to save.

### Greek text

Ὅτι αὐτὸς θεὸς ζῶν. Ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀτελεύτητον ἔχει τὴν φύσιν, οὔτε χρόνῳ τὸ εἶναι λαβὼν οὔτε πρὸς σύστασιν ἑτέρου δεόμενος. — Οὐκ ἔχει διαδοχὴν ὡς ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀρχή. — Οὗτός φησι δυνατός ἐστι παρ᾽ ἐλπίδας τε τῶν κινδύνων ἐξαρπάζειν τοὺς ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ πεποιθότας, καὶ παράδοξα ποιεῖν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ γῇ.

### English translation (Claude)

"For he is the living God." That is, he has a nature without end, neither receiving his being in time nor needing another for his subsistence. — He has no succession, as human rule does. — He, he says, is able to snatch those who trust in him out of dangers beyond hope, and to do wonders in heaven and on earth.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:26–27 (6:27-Dan LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:26–27 (MT/Theodotion 6:27–28). The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 6.31) is joined here and 6.31 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.30 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-30).

## Commentary on Daniel 6, scholion 32

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/4-1/#p-6-32
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel prospered under Darius and Cyrus.

### Greek text

Καὶ Δανιὴλ κατηύθυνεν. Τουτέστιν οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ Κύρου λαμπρὸς καὶ περίδοξος ἀνὴρ γεγένηται.

### English translation (Claude)

"And Daniel prospered." That is, not only under this king, but under Cyrus too he was an illustrious and renowned man.

### Scripture references

- Dan 6:28 (6:29 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 6:28 (MT/Theodotion 6:29). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 6.32 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/6-32).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The four kingdoms of chapter 7 correspond broadly, not exactly, to those of chapter 2.

### Greek text

Ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει Βαλτάσαρ. Ὅτι δὲ αἱ βασιλεῖαι αὗται γνωρίζονται διά τε ἐκείνης καὶ ταύτης τῆς ὀπτασίας, δῆλον· οὐ μέντοι καθόλου τὴν ὁμοιότητα ἔχουσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"In the first year of Belshazzar." That these kingdoms are made known through both that vision and this one is clear; yet they do not correspond in every respect.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:1: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 2:31–45: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:1. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Chapter 7 begins Daniel's own visions.

### Greek text

Καὶ τὸ ἐνύπνιον ἔγραψεν ἀρχὴν λόγων αὐτοῦ. Τουτέστι τῶν καθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν ἀρχὴν ἐποιήσατο, ὧν εἶδεν ἐπὶ τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ· ὡς τῶν ἤδη πρότερον λελεγμένων, μὴ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀναφερομένων, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τοὺς Βαβυλωνίων βασιλεῖς.

### English translation (Claude)

"And he wrote the dream, the beginning of his words." That is, he began the things concerning himself, which he saw under Belshazzar, since what had been said before did not concern him but the kings of Babylon.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:1. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The sea is the turmoil of life, and the four winds are the angels over the four empires.

### Greek text

Εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν μεγάλην. Θάλασσαν μὲν καλεῖ τὸν βίον, ὡς θορύβου μεστὸν καὶ ταραχῆς· ἀνέμους δὲ τέσσαρας ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ὁρᾷ φερομένους, τὰς ἀγγελικὰς μὲν δυνάμεις τὰς ἐφεστηκυίας τοῖς τέσσαρσιν ἔθνεσι, Βαβυλωνίοις, μήδοις, πέρσαις, μακεδόσι· τὸ δ᾽ ἀπ᾽ οὐρανοῦ προσέθηκεν, ἵνα δείξῃ τὴν ἀγγέλων εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἐπιστασίαν κατὰ θεοῦ γνώμην γινομένην· νοήσαιτο δ᾽ ἄν τις τὸ οἱ τέσσαρες ἄνεμοι, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων κλιμάτων· πολλάκις γὰρ ἀνέμους τὰ κλίματα λέγει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Into the great sea." He calls life "sea," as full of tumult and disturbance; the four winds he sees coming from heaven are the angelic powers set over the four nations, Babylonians, Medes, Persians, Macedonians; and he added "from heaven" to show that the angels' charge takes place by the will of God. One might also understand "the four winds" as "from the four regions"; for it often calls the regions "winds."

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:2: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:2. The words εἰς οὐρανοὺς before ἐπιστασίαν are read from a blurred image; uncertain. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The four beasts are the four kingdoms, each fearsome but different.

### Greek text

Καὶ τέσσαρα θηρία. Τέσσαρα μὲν θηρία λέγει τὰς εἰρημένας τέσσαρας βασιλείας, αἷς ἐφειστήκεισαν δυνάμεις θεῖαι· τὸ δέ, ἀνέβαινον ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης, ἵνα εἴπῃ ἐν τῷ βίῳ ἐδείκνυντο· μεγάλα δέ, ἵνα δείξῃ ὡς ἑκάστη βασιλεία φοβερά τις ἦν, αὐτὴ καθ᾽ ἑαυτὴν ἐξεταζομένη· ἠλαττοῦτο δὲ ἑκάστη τῆς ἑτέρας κατά τι· τοῦτο γὰρ μηνύει τὸ διαφέροντα ἀλλήλων· ἵνα εἴπῃ, ἑκάστου μὲν θηρίου ὄψις ἦν καταπληκτική, οὐ μὴν ἅπαντα ὅμοιον εἶχε τὸν φόβον.

### English translation (Claude)

"And four beasts." By four beasts he means the four kingdoms mentioned, over which divine powers were set; "they came up from the sea," to say that they appeared in life; "great," to show that each kingdom was fearsome considered by itself, but each fell short of another in some respect; for this "differing from one another" indicates: to say that the sight of each beast was terrifying, yet not all caused the same fear.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The lion, like the gold of the statue, represents Babylon.

### Greek text

Ὡσεὶ λέαινα. Τὸ γὰρ βασιλικώτατον τῶν θηρίων εἶπεν· ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τῆς εἰκόνος τὸν χρυσόν, εἰς τὴν Βαβυλωνίων ἔλαβεν ἀρχήν, ὡς τῶν λοιπῶν ὑλῶν τιμιώτερον, οὕτως καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θηρίων τὸ ἀρχικώτερον, ἔλαβεν εἰς τὴν τῶν Βαβυλωνίων ἀρχήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Like a lioness." For he named the most royal of the beasts: as in the case of the statue he took gold for the empire of the Babylonians as more precious than the other materials, so among the beasts too he took the most sovereign for the empire of the Babylonians.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:4: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 2:38: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:4; compare 2:38. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The plucking of the lion's wings signifies Babylon's fall by God's decree.

### Greek text

Ἐθεώρουν. Θαυμάζων φησὶν ἀτενὲς ἑώρων πρὸς τὸ θηρίον, καὶ ἐν τοσούτῳ ἔβλεπον αὐτοῦ τὴν εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον μεταβολήν· τῶν γὰρ πτερῶν ὁ κόσμος ἀφῄρετο· οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ἐξερρύη, ἀλλ᾽ ἐξετίλη· ἵνα κατὰ θεοῦ ἀπόφασιν τὴν καθαίρεσιν τῆς βαβυλωνικῆς ἀρχῆς σημάνῃ.

### English translation (Claude)

"I was watching." Wondering, he says, I looked intently at the beast, and meanwhile I saw its change to the opposite; for the adornment of its wings was taken away. For he did not say "fell off" but "was plucked," to signify that the overthrow of the Babylonian empire was by God's sentence.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:4. The staged text broke this scholion into three pieces (7.6–7.8); the continuation is joined here and 7.7 and 7.8 are held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Babylon was humbled but not wholly destroyed.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐξηράνθη. Τουτέστιν ἐταλαιπώρησε μέν, ἦν δὲ ὅμως, καὶ οὐ παντελὴς αὐτὸ ἀπώλεια κατέλαβεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And it was dried up." That is, it suffered hardship, but it still existed, and complete destruction did not overtake it.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:4: quotation, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:4 (the lemma as printed, ἐξηράνθη). The next lemma ("A human heart was given to it") begins at the foot of this page; it is joined to its continuation in 7.10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):10; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The lion given a human heart signifies Babylon's loss of its fierce strength.

### Greek text

Καρδία ἀνθρώπου ἐδόθη αὐτῇ. Λέοντος μὲν ἴδιον τὸ κράτος, ἀνθρώπου δὲ τὸ μὴ φέρειν ὁρμὴν τοῦ θηρίου· ἡνίκα μὲν οὖν ἐκράτουν Βαβυλώνιοι, ἦσαν τοῖς ὑποτεταγμένοις φοβεροί· δειλοὶ δὲ κατέστησαν, εἰς μήδους τῆς ἀρχῆς μεταστάσης κατὰ θεοῦ πρόνοιαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"A human heart was given to it." A lion's mark is strength, but a human being's is not to have the beast's impulse. When the Babylonians ruled, they were fearsome to their subjects; but they were made cowardly when the rule passed to the Medes by God's providence.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:4. The lemma stands at the foot of p. 10; joined here with its text on p. 11. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 10–11).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The bear's three ribs are the helpers of the Median kingdom's conquests.

### Greek text

Τρία πλευρὰ ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῆς. Ἐπειδὴ στόματι χρησίμους κατέστησε τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν τριῶν, ἐν τῷ στόματί φησι τὰ γ' πλευρὰ συνεργὰ τῆς ἀσχολουμένης βασιλείας πρὸς σαρκοφαγίαν· διὸ ἐπεβόων αὐτῇ τὸ φονικὸν οἱ ὁρῶντες, ἀνάστα φάγε κρέα.

### English translation (Claude)

"Three ribs in its mouth." Since he set up the rule of the three as useful to the mouth, he says the three ribs in the mouth are fellow workers of the kingdom that is busied with eating flesh; therefore those who see it shout to it, "Arise, eat flesh."

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:5. The opening clause is obscure; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 11.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The leopard's four wings signify Cyrus's wider empire, adorned rather than devastated by its subjects.

### Greek text

Καὶ αὐτῇ πτερὰ τέσσαρα. Ἐπὶ μὲν τοῦ μήδου τρία πλευρὰ ἔφη, ἐπὶ δὲ τούτου πτερὰ τέσσαρα· ἐπειδὴ μετὰ μήδων καὶ Βαβυλωνίων καὶ αἰγυπτίων, καὶ τὴν περσῶν κατέσχεν· ὁ μὲν γὰρ Δαρεῖος ἔξω τῆς ἑαυτοῦ χειρὸς εἶχε τὴν Περσίδα· ὁ δὲ πρὸς ταύτῃ καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς προσεκτήσατο· καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνου μὲν μόνον ἐν τῷ στόματί φησιν αἱ πλευραί· ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ πετεινοῦ εἶπεν εἶναι· καὶ πετεινοῦ μέν, ἐν πολέμοις νίκην· πτερὰ δέ, διὰ τὸ κεκοσμῆσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων· οὐ γὰρ καταστρεψάμενος εἶχεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And it had four wings." In the case of the Mede he spoke of three ribs, in this case of four wings; since after the Medes, Babylonians, and Egyptians it held the kingdom of the Persians too. For Darius had Persia outside his hand, but this one won over the rest in addition to these. And in that case he speaks of ribs only in the mouth, but here he said there are also wings of a bird: "bird," for victory in wars; "wings," for being adorned by his subjects; for he had not conquered by overthrowing them.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:6. Polychronius's identification of the beasts (Medes, then Persians under Cyrus) is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-13
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The four heads are the four nations under Cyrus's single rule.

### Greek text

Καὶ τέσσαρες κεφαλαί. Ἵνα εἴπῃ ἐν τέσσαρσι ταύτας βασιλείας ἐγνωρίζετο· τοσαύτη γὰρ ἡ ἑκάστου ἔθνους σύστασις, ὥστε ἀρκεῖν πρὸς βασιλείαν· οὕτω δὲ πάντων κατεῖχεν ὡς μηδεμίαν ἐχόντων ἰσχύν· διὰ τοῦτο κεφαλὰς μὲν εἶπεν, ἵνα τὴν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ δύναμιν γνωρίσῃ· ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν δὲ ἀνεφέροντο, ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ διοίκησιν διῄρηντο.

### English translation (Claude)

"And four heads." To say that these kingdoms were known in four; for so great was each nation's standing that it sufficed for a kingdom; yet he held all as though they had no strength; therefore he spoke of heads, to make known the power in the rule, but referred them to him, since they were divided under his administration.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:6. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.13 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-13).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Cyrus's authority was a gift from God, given because he would restore the Jews.

### Greek text

Ἐξουσία ἐδόθη αὐτῇ. Τουτέστιν αὐτῷ τῷ θηρίῳ, ἵνα εἴπῃ τῷ Κύρῳ· οὐκ εἶπε δὲ ἐξουσίαν ἴσχεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐδόθη, τὴν ἄνωθεν συμμαχίαν γνωρίζων· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἤμελλεν ἰουδαίους τε ἀφιέναι εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν χώραν, καὶ χαρίζεσθαι τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἱερατικά, τοῦ τε ναοῦ τὴν οἰκοδομὴν κελεύειν γίνεσθαι, ἅπασί τε ἐπιτάττειν τὴν εἰς θεὸν εὐσέβειαν, θεὸς αὐτῷ συμμαχήσας, κρείττονα τῶν ἀντιτεταγμένων εἰργάσατο.

### English translation (Claude)

"Authority was given to it." That is, to the beast itself, to say, to Cyrus; and he did not say that it "had" authority, but that it "was given," making known the help from above. For since he was going to release the Jews to their own land, to grant the sacred vessels, to order the building of the temple, and to enjoin on all godliness toward God, God, fighting on his side, made him stronger than his opponents.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:6: quotation, high confidence
- Ezra 1:1–11: allusion, high confidence
- Isa 45:1: echo, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:6; compare Ezra 1:1–11; Isa 45:1. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fourth beast is Alexander's empire, the iron of the statue.

### Greek text

Ἰδοὺ θηρίον τέταρτον. Μηνύει τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον· ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀνδριάντος, σιδήρῳ αὐτὸν ἀπείκασε· καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἑρμηνεύσας ὁ προφήτης, ὥσπερ γέ φησιν ὁ σίδηρος λεπτύνει καὶ δαμάζει πάντα, οὕτω πάντα λεπτυνεῖ καὶ δαμάσει· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα θηρίῳ μὲν παρέβαλεν, ἀκολούθως τοῖς προτέροις, ἵνα τὴν βασιλείαν σημάνῃ· ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς διαφορᾶς τῆς πρὸς τὰ προλαβόντα, ἐξαίρετον μηνύει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Behold a fourth beast." He indicates Alexander; since in the case of the statue too he likened him to iron, and, interpreting it, the prophet says that as iron crushes and subdues all things, so he will crush all things and subdue them. For this reason here too he compared him to a beast, in keeping with the earlier ones, so as to signify the kingdom; but by its difference from those before he indicates its pre-eminence.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:7: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 2:40: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:7; compare 2:40. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander's conquests surpassed all expectation.

### Greek text

Περισσῶς παρὰ πάντα. Ἀντὶ τοῦ μετὰ πλείονος περιουσίας βασιλεύσει, πάσης ἐλπίδος ὀξύτερον τὰ κατὰ πόλεμον ἀνύων.

### English translation (Claude)

"Exceedingly, beyond all." Meaning that he reigned with greater abundance, accomplishing his wars more swiftly than all hope.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:7: quotation, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:7. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander's swift conquests were unlike any other; what follows concerns the Jewish people.

### Greek text

Καὶ αὐτὸ διαφέρον περισσῶς. Οὐδεμία φησὶν ἡ σύγκρισις τοῖς λοιποῖς πρὸς τοῦτο· ἐν δώδεκα γὰρ ἔτεσιν ἀρξάμενος ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἀπὸ τῆς Μακεδονίας ἄχρι τῆς Περσίδος καὶ Αἰγύπτου διέδραμεν, οὐδὲν κωλυόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν ἀνθισταμένων ἰσχύος ἰσχυρῶς· σκοπεῖν δὲ ἔνεστιν, ὅπως ἄχρι τῶν ῥηθέντων ἐθεάσατο μὲν τῶν βασιλέων τὴν διαδοχὴν μετά τινος περιουσίας· τὰ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ἅπαντα τὸν λόγον ἔχει συντείνοντα εἰς τὸν λαόν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And it was exceedingly different." There is no comparison at all, he says, between the others and this one; for in twelve years Alexander, starting from Macedonia, ran across as far as Persia and Egypt, unhindered by the strength of his opponents. But one must observe how, up to what was said, he saw the succession of the kings with a certain abundance; but all that follows has its account directed to the people.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:7: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:7. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 7.18) is joined here and 7.18 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-19
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius identifies the little horn with Antiochus Epiphanes and outlines his persecution of the Jews.

### Greek text

Ἰδοὺ κέρας ἕτερον μικρὸν ἀνέβη ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν. Λέγει μὲν τὸν ἐπιφανῆ Ἀντίοχον· δέκατος γὰρ οὗτος ἀπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου· βούλεται δὲ εἰπεῖν ὅτι θαυμάζοντί μοι τὰ πρότερα, ἕτερον παραδοξότερον ἐφαίνετο· ἀθρόον γὰρ ἀνέφυ κέρας μικρόν, εἶτα κατὰ μέρος αὐξανόμενον, ἰσοῦτο τοῖς λοιποῖς· τὸ γὰρ ἀνέβαινεν ἵνα δείξῃ τὴν ἐξουσίαν τὴν κατὰ μέρος προσγινομένην· καὶ ὡς τῷ χρόνῳ πρόεισιν εἰς ἔσχατον ἐλάσει κακίας· τὸ δὲ ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν λέγει, οὐχ ἵνα σημάνῃ ὅτι τῶν δέκα βασιλέων κρατούντων βασιλεύσει μέσος, ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι τῆς βασιλείας συνεστώσης τῆς μακεδονικῆς ὀφθήσεται οὗτος, τοὺς πώποτε κακίᾳ ὑπερβαλόμενος· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ γέγονεν· οὐκ εὐθὺς εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν προσελθὼν διέθηκεν ἰουδαίους τὰ χείριστα, εἰ καὶ πρὸς ἑλληνικὸν τύπον μεταθεῖναι τὰ πράγματα ἐβούλετο· ἀλλὰ τοῦ Μενελάου πρὸς τὸν Ἰάσονα διαγωνισαμένου περὶ τῆς ἱερωσύνης, ταραχῆς τε ἐκ τούτου συμβάσης, δείσας περὶ τῶν ὅλων ὁ Ἀντίοχος, αἰγυπτίους καταστρεφόμενος, οὐ μόνον κακῶς διέθηκε τὴν πόλιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς ἑλληνικὸν χαρακτῆρα μεταρρυθμίζειν ἰουδαίους ἐπειρᾶτο.

### English translation (Claude)

"Behold another horn, a small one, came up among them." He means Antiochus Epiphanes; for he was the tenth from Alexander. He wants to say that while I was wondering at the earlier things, another, more wonderful, appeared; for suddenly a small horn sprang up, then, growing by degrees, it became equal to the rest. For "it came up" is to show the authority acquired by degrees, and how in time he would advance to the extreme limit of wickedness. And he says "among them" not to signify that he reigned in the middle of the ten kings, but to show that while the Macedonian kingdom still stood, this one would appear, surpassing all who ever lived in wickedness. And so it happened: on first coming to rule he did not at once treat the Jews worst, even though he wanted to change their affairs to a Greek pattern; but when Menelaus contended with Jason for the priesthood, and disturbance arose from this, Antiochus, fearing for the whole, as he was subduing the Egyptians, not only treated the city badly but also tried to remould the Jews to a Greek character.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:8: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 1:10 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence
- 2 Macc 4:23-26 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:8; compare 1 Macc 1; 2 Macc 4:7–5:16 (Jason and Menelaus). Polychronius's historical interpretation is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.19 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-19).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 20

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-20
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius identifies the three uprooted horns with Antiochus's conquests and rejects Apollinarius's Antichrist reading; a catena note adds that Eudoxius called his interpretation Porphyry's.

### Greek text

Τρία κέρατα τῶν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ ἐξερριζώθη. Τουτέστι τριῶν βασιλέων ἀλλαγὴν καθεῖλε· τὰς γὰρ Ἀσίας ἀρχάς, εἷλε πέρσας, αἰγυπτίους, ἰουδαίους· καὶ διεδέξατο μὲν Σέλευκον, κατέσχε δὲ αὐτὸς τῆς Ἀσίας· καὶ μάρτυς ἡ τῶν Μακκαβαίων βίβλος· ὅθεν ἐγώ γε θαυμάζω, ὅπως πρὸς οὕτω σαφῆ ἱστορίαν ἀνθιστάμενος ὁ Ἀπολινάριος, εἰς τὴν τοῦ ἀντιχρίστου παρουσίαν ἕλκειν βιάζεται τὰ ῥήματα. — Ἀλλὰ Εὐδόξιος τὴν ὑπὸ σοῦ ῥηθεῖσαν ἑρμηνείαν, Πολυχρόνιε, Πορφυρίου ἔφησεν εἶναι τοῦ ματαιόφρονος.

### English translation (Claude)

"Three of the horns before it were plucked up." That is, he overthrew three kings; for he took the Asian rule, and seized the Persians, the Egyptians, and the Jews; and he succeeded Seleucus, and himself held Asia, as the book of the Maccabees bears witness. Hence I am amazed how Apollinarius, setting himself against so clear a history, forces the words to refer to the coming of the Antichrist. — But Eudoxius, O Polychronius, said that the interpretation you have given is that of Porphyry the madman.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:8: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 1:1-19 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence
- Porphyry, Porphyry, Chr. (Porphyry, Against the Christians (fragments)): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:8; compare 1 Macc 1:1–19. The last sentence is not Polychronius's own: it is a remark (in the catena or by another writer) addressed to him, reporting that Eudoxius (probably the Arian bishop) ascribed this historical reading to Porphyry. Polychronius's interpretation and the polemic are translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.20 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-20).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The horn's human eyes signify Antiochus's unnatural, calculated cruelty toward the Jews.

### Greek text

Ἰδοὺ ὀφθαλμοί. Τὴν μὲν τῶν λοιπῶν ἰσχὺν ἐν κεφαλαίῳ περιέλαβε· τὰ δὲ κατὰ ἰουδαίους, λοιπὸν μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐξηγεῖται, οὐ τὰς πράξεις μόνον λέγων τοῦ Ἀντιόχου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν γνώμην, ἀφ᾽ ἧς ἐπὶ τὴν παρανομίαν ὤλισθεν· ὀφθαλμοὶ γάρ φησιν, ὡσεὶ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἀνθρώπου· τῆς συνηθείας φησὶν ἐκτὸς τὰ παρὰ τούτου πραττόμενα· ὡς γὰρ οὐ κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶ κέρας ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχειν ἀνθρώπου, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἀνθρωπίνου λογισμοῦ τοσαύτῃ ὠμότητι κατὰ τοῦ ὁμοφύλου χρήσασθαι.

### English translation (Claude)

"Behold eyes." He summed up the strength of the rest in brief; but what concerns the Jews he now explains with exactness, telling not only the deeds of Antiochus but also his purpose, from which he slid into lawlessness. For "eyes," he says, "like the eyes of a man": what he did was beyond custom; for as it is not natural for a horn to have the eyes of a man, so it does not belong to human reason to use such cruelty against one's own kin.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:8. The staged text broke this scholion into three pieces (7.21–7.23); the continuation is joined here and 7.22 and 7.23 are held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The boastful mouth shows Antiochus's beastlike arrogance against God.

### Greek text

Στόμα λαλοῦν μεγάλα. Ἀντὶ τοῦ ὑπερήφανα, καὶ λόγους κατὰ θεοῦ ἀκοντιζομένους· ὅπερ οὐ τοῦ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν ἐπιγινώσκοντος ἦν ἴδιον, ἀλλὰ τοῦ θηριώδη καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπινον κεκτημένου λογισμόν.

### English translation (Claude)

"A mouth speaking great things." That is, arrogant words, hurled against God; which was not the mark of one who recognizes his own nature, but of one possessing a beastlike and not a human reasoning.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:8. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 25

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-25
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The holy ones are the devout Jews persecuted by Antiochus.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐποίει πόλεμον πρὸς ἁγίους. Τουτέστι πρὸς ἰουδαίων τοὺς εὐλαβεστάτους.

### English translation (Claude)

"And it made war against the holy ones." That is, against the most devout of the Jews.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.25 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-25).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-26
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel sees God's coming help for the people as well as the persecution.

### Greek text

Ἐθεώρουν ἕως ὅτου θρόνοι ἐτέθησαν. Οὐ τὰ δεινὰ μόνον βλέπει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ἄνωθεν ἐσομένην τῷ λαῷ βοήθειαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"I watched until thrones were set." He sees not only the terrible things, but also the help from above that would come to the people.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:9. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 7.27) is joined here and 7.27 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.26 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-26).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The Ancient of Days is the eternal God.

### Greek text

Καὶ παλαιὸς ἡμερῶν. Παλαιὸν δὲ ἡμερῶν λέγει τὸν θεόν· τουτέστιν εἶδον τὸν τῶν αἰώνων δεσπότην, τὸν ἀΐδιον ἔχοντα τὴν φύσιν, καὶ ἀνώτερον πάντων τυγχάνοντα.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the Ancient of Days." By "Ancient of Days" he means God; that is, he saw the Master of the ages, who has an eternal nature and is above all.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:9. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 7.29) is joined here and 7.29 is held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 11–12).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):11; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 30

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-30
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God's sitting expresses his unchanging majesty.

### Greek text

Παλαιὸς ἡμερῶν ἐκάθετο. Ἵνα τὸ πρέπον τῇ θείᾳ φύσει φυλάξῃ.

### English translation (Claude)

"The Ancient of Days sat." So as to keep what befits the divine nature.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:9. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 12.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.30 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-30).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 31

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-31
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The white garment signifies God's incomparable nature and pure judgment.

### Greek text

Τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ χιὼν λευκόν. Ἵνα τῆς φύσεως σημάνῃ τὸ ἀσύγκριτον· πάντα δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ δικαστηρίου σχηματίζει, οὐ τῆς φύσεως μόνον τὸ ἀπρόσιτον διδάσκων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς κρίσεως τὸ καθαρὸν παριστῶν.

### English translation (Claude)

"His garment was white as snow." To signify the incomparable nature; and he shapes everything as in a law court, teaching not only the unapproachableness of the nature but also presenting the purity of the judgment.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.31 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-31).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 32

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-32
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fiery wheels signify punishment.

### Greek text

Οἱ τροχοὶ αὐτοῦ πῦρ φλέγον. Ἐπὶ τιμωρίᾳ γὰρ ἀφίκετο.

### English translation (Claude)

"Its wheels were burning fire." For he had come for punishment.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.32 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-32).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 33

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-33
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God destroys the guilty without effort.

### Greek text

Ποταμὸς πυρὸς εἷλκεν. Οὔ γε πόνου δεῖται πρὸς ἀναίρεσιν τῶν ὑπευθύνων, ἀλλὰ μετ᾽ εὐκολίας ἅπαντα διαπράττεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"A river of fire was drawn." He needs no toil to destroy the guilty, but accomplishes everything with ease.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.33 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-33).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 34

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-34
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The attending hosts show God as Lord of the angels.

### Greek text

Ἐκπορευόμενος ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ. Διὰ μὲν τῶν προτέρων τὸ τῆς φύσεως ἐξαίρετον μηνύει· διὰ δὲ τούτων, τὸν κατὰ πάντων δεσπότην γνωρίζει· τὰς γὰρ ἀγγελικὰς λέγει δυνάμεις.

### English translation (Claude)

"Going out before him." By the earlier words he indicates the pre-eminence of the nature, by these he makes known the Master of all; for he means the angelic powers.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.34 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-34).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 35

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-35
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius reads the scene as a heavenly law court with judge, attendants, and recorders.

### Greek text

Μυρίαι μυριάδες παρειστήκεισαν. Οὐχ ὡς τινῶν καθεσθέντων· δῆλον γὰρ ὡς θεὸς ὁ κρίνων· ἐνταῦθα κριτήριον λέγει τὴν τοῦ δικαστηρίου κατασκευήν· τὸ δὲ ἐκάθισεν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ηὐτρεπίσθη. Καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγα· οἱ δὲ λειτουργοῦντες εἰς τὴν προκειμένην ἠπείγοντο χρείαν· πρός τε εἰσαγωγὴν τῶν δικαζομένων, καὶ κόλασιν τῶν ὑπευθύνων, καὶ γραφὴν τῶν πραττομένων· δι᾽ ὅλου γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ δικαστηρίου σχηματίζει, τὸν κριτήν, τοὺς παρεστῶτας, τοὺς δημίους, τοὺς ταχυγράφους, τοὺς κρινομένους, ὡς ἂν ἐπὶ τὸ μεγαλοφυέστερον ἐξάρῃ τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων τὸν νοῦν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him." Not as though some sat; for it is clear that God is the one who judges. Here he calls the arrangement of the law court "the judgment"; and "it sat" in the sense of "it was made ready." And a little after: Those who serve were busy with the needs at hand: bringing in those on trial, punishing the guilty, and recording what was done. For throughout he shapes it as in a law court: the judge, the attendants, the executioners, the stenographers, those being judged, so as to lift the mind of the readers to something more magnificent.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.35 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-35).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 36

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-36
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The opened books expose evil deeds.

### Greek text

Βίβλοι ἀνεῴχθησαν. Καθ᾽ ὅλου σώζων τὴν εἰκόνα, ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τῶν βιβλίων λέγει τήν τε παρανομίαν τῶν κακῶν ἐλέγχεσθαι.

### English translation (Claude)

"Books were opened." Keeping the image throughout, he says that the lawlessness of evil deeds is exposed as from books.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.36 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-36).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 37

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-37
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The slaying of the beast signifies the end of Antiochus and the whole Macedonian empire.

### Greek text

Ἕως ἀνῃρέθη τὸ θηρίον. Ἑώρων ὡς ὁ μὲν ἐλάλει ὑπερηφανίας μεστά· ἐν τοσούτῳ δὲ τότε τὸ κριτήριον συνεκροτήθη, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀναγνωσμάτων ἀπόφασις ἐξηνέχθη, οὐ κατὰ τοῦ κέρατος μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ θηρίου· οὐ γὰρ μόνον ὁ Ἀντίοχος ἀπώλετο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ μακεδονικὴ ἀρχὴ πᾶσα κατελύθη.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until the beast was slain." I saw how, while he was speaking words full of arrogance, at that very moment the judgment was convened, and the sentence was brought out from the reading, not only against the horn but against the whole beast; for not only did Antiochus perish, but the whole Macedonian empire was destroyed.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.37 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-37).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 38

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-38
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fire signifies the severity of the sentence, not its literal form.

### Greek text

Τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ἐδόθη εἰς καῦσιν πυρός. Οὐ τὸ εἶδος τῆς τιμωρίας μηνύει, ἀλλὰ τὸ σφοδρὸν τῆς ἀποφάσεως· καὶ γὰρ ἔθος τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ πῦρ λέγειν τὴν δίκην· ὡς τὸ ἔπεσε πῦρ ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς, καὶ οὐκ εἶδον τὸν ἥλιον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Its body was given to the burning of fire." He does not indicate the form of the punishment, but the vehemence of the sentence; for divine Scripture customarily calls the penalty "fire": as "Fire fell on them, and they did not see the sun."

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:11: quotation, high confidence
- Ps 58:8 (57:9 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:11; Ps 58:8 (LXX 57:9). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.38 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-38).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 39

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-39
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The other kingdoms too lose their dominion, since nothing human lasts.

### Greek text

Τῶν λοιπῶν θηρίων ἡ ἀρχή. Τουτέστι τῆς λεαίνης, τῆς ἄρκτου, τῆς παρδάλεως, μετὰ τοῦ παρηλλαγμένου θηρίου καὶ φοβεροῦ, ἅπερ ἐσήμανε τὰς προειρημένας βασιλείας. Ἐπεὶ μηδέ τι τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων βέβαιον, ἀλλὰ ταχεῖαν τὴν εἰς τοὐναντίον δεχόμενον μεταβολήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The dominion of the rest of the beasts." That is, of the lioness, the bear, and the leopard, with the strange and fearsome beast, which signified the kingdoms mentioned before. Since nothing human is secure, but quickly receives the change to the opposite.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:12. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.39 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-39).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 40

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-40
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The kingdoms were granted time, but not for ever.

### Greek text

Καὶ μακρότης ζωῆς ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἕως καιροῦ. Ταῦτα δέ φησιν ἔσται οὐκ ἐπὶ προτέρου ἢ δευτέρου ἢ δεκάτου βασιλέως· ἐπὶ πλεῖστον γὰρ χρόνον διατεθήσεται ἡ μακεδονικὴ ἀρχή· τὸ ἕως καιροῦ προσέθηκεν, ἵνα εἴπῃ οὐκ εἰς τὸν ἅπαντα αἰῶνα διαρκέσει, τιμωρηθήσεται δὲ τὸ τελευταῖον.

### English translation (Claude)

"And a prolonging of life was given them until a time." These things, he says, will happen not under the first or second or tenth king; for the Macedonian empire will last a very long time. He added "until a time" to say that it will not last for all ages, but will be punished at the end.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:12. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 7.41) is joined here and 7.41 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.40 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-40).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 42

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-42
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius describes the one like a son of man coming on the clouds directly to the judge, a sign of the highest honor.

### Greek text

Ἐθεώρουν ἐν ὁράματι. Ἐν ὅσῳ φησὶ τὸ δικαστήριον ἐθεώρουν, καὶ πρὸς τὸ παράδοξον ἐξεπλήττομην τῶν γινομένων, τὴν ψῆφον, τὴν δίκην, τοῦ τυράννου τὴν ἀναίρεσιν, εἶδόν φησιν ἕτερον ἀνθρωπίνῳ σχήματι οὐ βάδην ἰόντα, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν νεφελῶν ὀχούμενον, καὶ οὐ πρὸ τοῦ δικαστηρίου στάντα, ἀκωλύτως δὲ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἥκοντα τὸν κριτήν, ὃ τῆς ἀνωτάτω τιμῆς ἴδιον καθέστηκεν· οὐ ψιλὴν δὲ τὴν παρουσίαν εἶδεν, ἵνα τήν τε ἀξίαν τοῦ ὀφθέντος, καὶ τὴν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἄφιξιν μάθῃ.

### English translation (Claude)

"I watched in the vision." While I watched the law court, he says, and was astonished at the wonder of what was happening, the sentence, the penalty, the destruction of the tyrant, I saw another in human form, not walking but borne upon the clouds, and not standing before the court, but coming without hindrance to the judge himself, which is the mark of the highest honor. And he did not see a bare presence, so that he might learn both the dignity of the one who appeared and his coming from heaven.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:13. The staged text broke this scholion into three pieces (7.42–7.44); the continuation is joined here and 7.43 and 7.44 are held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.42 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-42).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 45

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-45
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The son of man receives an eternal, universal dominion.

### Greek text

Αὐτῷ ἐδόθη ἡ ἀρχή. Τουτέστι πᾶσα ἡ οἰκουμένη· οὐ γὰρ ἐν γωνίᾳ τῆς Παλαιστίνης ὥς φησι Μωϋσῆς κατέσχεν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπὸ πάντων προσκυνεῖται ἐξουσία αἰώνιος· οὐ τῷ τόπῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ χρόνῳ τῆς ἀρχῆς παρίστησι τὸ μέγεθος. — Τὸ ἀτελεύτητον τῆς τιμῆς διδάσκων.

### English translation (Claude)

"To him was given the dominion." That is, the whole world; for he did not hold a corner of Palestine, as Moses did, but is worshipped by all, an eternal authority. He presents the greatness of the rule not by place but also by time. — Teaching the endlessness of his honor.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:14: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:14. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.45 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-45).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 46

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-46
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel was terrified and perplexed by the vision.

### Greek text

Ἔφριξε τὸ πνεῦμά μου. Τουτέστιν εἰς φόβον κατέστην, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐναγώνιος γέγονα ὥστε μοι καὶ τὴν μορφὴν ἀλλαγῆναι. — Τουτέστιν ἐν ἀπορίᾳ ἤμην τῶν ὀφθέντων, οὐκ ἔχων τῶν ὁρωμένων τὴν γνῶσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"My spirit shuddered." That is, I fell into fear, and was in agony in my soul, so that my form was changed. — That is, I was at a loss about what I had seen, not having knowledge of the things seen.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:15: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:15. The staged text broke this scholion into three pieces (7.46–7.48); the continuation is joined here and 7.47 and 7.48 are held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.46 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-46).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 49

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-49
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel asked one of the attendants rather than the judge.

### Greek text

Καὶ προσῆλθον ἑνί. Τουτέστιν ἑνὶ τῶν λειτουργούντων, καὶ τὴν ἀκρίβειαν ἐζήτουν παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ· τῷ μὲν κριτῇ προσιέναι οὐκ ἐτόλμα διὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως ἐξαίρετον καὶ τῶν ὁρωμένων τὸν φόβον· ἡ δὲ ἐπιθυμία προσιέναι αὐτὸν ἑνὶ τῶν διακονουμένων παρεσκεύαζε· μᾶλλον δὲ ὡς ὀνείροις πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον ἅπαντα ἐδείκνυτο.

### English translation (Claude)

"And I went up to one." That is, to one of those who served, and I sought exactness from him; for he did not dare approach the judge because of the pre-eminence of his nature and his fear of what he saw; but desire prepared him to approach one of those who served; or rather, as in dreams, everything was shown toward what was profitable.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:16: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:16. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.49 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-49).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 50

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-50
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The attendant explained everything clearly.

### Greek text

Καὶ εἶπέ μοι τὴν ἀκρίβειαν. Τουτέστι τὴν περὶ τῶν λόγων παρέσχε μοι σαφήνειαν, οὐδὲν τῶν ἀπορουμένων καταλιπὼν ἀνεξέταστον.

### English translation (Claude)

"And he told me the exactness." That is, he gave me the clear meaning of the words, leaving none of the difficulties unexamined.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:16: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:16. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.50 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-50).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 51

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-51
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The other kingdoms are shown only as background to Antiochus.

### Greek text

Ταῦτα τὰ θηρία τὰ μεγάλα. Ὅρα πῶς καὶ τῶν περὶ τῶν βασιλέων οὐ κατὰ μέρος διηγεῖται· οὐ γὰρ περὶ Βαβυλωνίων καὶ μήδων ἢ περσῶν ἢ μακεδόνων μανθάνειν ἐβούλετο· ἀλλ᾽ ἐπειδὴ οὐχ οἷόν τε αὐτὸν τὰ κατὰ Ἀντίοχον μαθεῖν, μὴ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀκολουθίαν ἐγνωκότα, ἀναγκαίως κἀκείνων τὴν ὄψιν δείκνυσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"These great beasts." See how he does not narrate what concerns the kings in detail; for he did not wish to learn about the Babylonians and Medes or Persians or Macedonians; but since it was not possible for him to learn what concerned Antiochus without knowing the whole sequence, he necessarily shows him their vision too.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.51 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-51).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 52

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-52
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The holy ones are Christ's believers, who share his kingdom if they share his sufferings.

### Greek text

Ἅγιοι ὑψίστου. Τουτέστιν οἱ ἐπὶ τὸν χριστὸν πιστεύοντες· οὗτοι τῶν ἀγαθῶν κοινωνήσουσι τῷ ὀφθέντι· τὸ οὖν παραλήψονται, τουτέστιν ἐν ἀπολαύσει ἔσονται· εἴπερ συμπάσχομεν κατὰ τὸν μακάριον Παῦλον, ἵνα καὶ συνδοξασθῶμεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The holy ones of the Most High." That is, those who believe in Christ: these will share in the good things with the one who appeared. "They will receive," then, that is, "they will be in enjoyment"; "if indeed we suffer with him," according to the blessed Paul, "so that we may also be glorified with him."

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:18: quotation, high confidence
- Rom 8:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:18; Rom 8:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.52 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-52).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 53

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-53
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fourth kingdom is the whole Macedonian empire, including Antiochus.

### Greek text

Τὸ θηρίον τὸ τέταρτον βασιλεία τετάρτη ἔσται. Οὐκέτι κοινῶς διαλέγεται περὶ τούτου ὡς καὶ περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ ἀκριβείας λέγει· καὶ οὐ περὶ Ἀντιόχου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου πρότερον, εἴτουν τῆς μακεδονικῆς ἀρχῆς· ἐκείνης γὰρ ἦν καὶ ἡ τοῦ Ἀντιόχου ἀρχή· διὸ οὐδὲ περὶ τούτου μόνου διαλέγεται, ἀλλὰ περὶ πάσης τῆς βασιλείας.

### English translation (Claude)

"The fourth beast will be a fourth kingdom." He no longer speaks in general about this as about the rest, but speaks with exactness; and not about Antiochus only, but about Alexander first, that is, the Macedonian empire; for the rule of Antiochus belonged to it too; therefore he speaks not only about him but about the whole kingdom.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:23: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:23. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.53 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-53).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 54

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-54
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12-13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fourth kingdom devours the earth unopposed.

### Greek text

Ἥτις ὑπερέξει. Τουτέστι κατὰ πολλὴν τὴν περιουσίαν περιέσται· ἐναργέστατα δὲ καταφάγεται· μονονουχὶ γὰρ ἔδειξεν αὐτόν, ὡς ἐφ᾽ ἑτοίμην ὁρμῶντα τροφήν, οὐδενὸς ἀντιστῆναι τολμῶντος. — Τῆς ἐξουσίας δείκνυσι τὴν περιουσίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Which will surpass." That is, it will prevail with great abundance; and "it will devour" most vividly; for it all but showed it rushing on ready food, with no one daring to resist. — It shows the abundance of its authority.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:23: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:23. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 12–13).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.54 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):12-13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-54).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 55

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-55
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The ten horns are ten successive kings.

### Greek text

Τὰ δέκα κέρατα αὐτοῦ. Ἐγνώρισέ μοι φησίν, ὡς κατὰ διαδοχὴν ἔσονται δέκα τὸν ἀριθμὸν οἱ κρατοῦντες.

### English translation (Claude)

"Its ten horns." He made known to me, he says, that those who rule in succession will be ten in number.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:24. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 13.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.55 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-55).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 56

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-56
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus will surpass all in wickedness.

### Greek text

Ὃς ὑπεροίσει κακοὺς πάντας. Τουτέστιν ἅπασι τοῖς λοιποῖς εἰς κακίαν συγκρινόμενος, μείζων ὀφθήσεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"Who will surpass all in evils." That is, compared with all the rest in wickedness, he will appear greater.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.56 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-56).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 57

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-57
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: He will overcome three kings.

### Greek text

Καὶ τρεῖς βασιλεῖς ταπεινώσει. Τουτέστι περιέσται τριῶν, ὡς ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται.

### English translation (Claude)

"And he will humble three kings." That is, he will prevail over three, as was said before.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.57 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-57).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 58

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-58
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: He will boast against God.

### Greek text

Λόγους πρὸς τὸν ὕψιστον λαλήσει. Ἵνα εἴπῃ ἀλαζονεύσεται κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will speak words against the Most High." To say that he will boast against God.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.58 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-58).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 59

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-59
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus will oppress the faithful Jews.

### Greek text

Τοὺς ἁγίους ὑψίστου πλανήσει. Ἀντὶ τοῦ εἰς ταλαιπωρίαν καταστήσει ἰουδαίους· τοὺς γὰρ ἐπὶ θεὸν ἐλπίζοντας καὶ τοῦ νόμου φύλακας φαίνεσθαι βουλομένους, τούτους διέθηκε τὰ χείριστα.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will wear out the holy ones of the Most High." Meaning he will bring the Jews to misery; for those who hoped in God and wished to appear guardians of the law, these he treated worst.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:25. The staged text broke this scholion at a line; its continuation (staged as 7.60) is joined here and 7.60 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.59 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-59).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 61

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-61
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus will try to abolish the Jewish temple order.

### Greek text

Ὑπονοήσει τοῦ ἀλλοιῶσαι καιρούς. Θήσεταί φησι σπουδὴν ὡς μεταβαλεῖν τὴν ἰουδαϊκὴν εὐταξίαν· καιρὸν δὲ λέγει τὸν ἰουδαϊκὸν ἐν ᾧ περιεῖχον τὸν ναὸν καὶ θυσίας ἐτέλουν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will think to change the times." He will make it his effort, he says, to change the Jewish order; by "time" he means the Jewish time in which they held the temple and performed sacrifices.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.61 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-61).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 62

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-62
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'law' is the Jewish constitution and priesthood.

### Greek text

Καὶ νόμον. Τῆς πολιτείας τὴν κατάστασιν, ἐν ᾗ καὶ τῆς ἱερατείας ἡ τάξις ἐκρίνετο.

### English translation (Claude)

"And law." The constitution of the commonwealth, in which the order of the priesthood too was determined.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.62 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-62).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 63

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-63
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God permits Antiochus's persecution for a limited time but will punish him.

### Greek text

Δοθήσεται ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ. Οὐκ ἄνωθέν φησι κωλύσει αὐτὸν θεὸς εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν παρελθεῖν, ἢ παρελθόντα μὴ πρᾶξαι κατὰ πρόθεσιν· ἀλλὰ συγχωρήσει μὲν αὐτὸν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐνδείξασθαι γνώμην· οὐ μὴν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ παντελὲς ἐμπαροινεῖν τοῖς ἁγίοις ἐάσει· τὸ δὲ δοθήσεται, τήν τε παρὰ θεοῦ συγχώρησιν διδάσκει, καὶ τὴν ἄνωθεν κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐνεχθησομένην τιμωρίαν· καιρὸν δὲ λέγει τὸ ἑξάμηνον.

### English translation (Claude)

"It will be given into his hand." God will not prevent him from above, he says, from coming to rule, or, once come, from failing to act according to his purpose; but he will allow him to show his own intention, yet will not let him ruin the holy ones completely. And "it will be given" teaches both the permission from God and the punishment that will be brought on him from above; by "time" he means the six months.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:25. Polychronius's reckoning of "a time" as six months is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.63 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-63).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 64

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-64
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The saints' kingdom is universal, under the eternal God.

### Greek text

Ἡ βασιλεία κ. τ. λ. Οὐκέτι μερικὴ βασιλεία, ἀλλ᾽ ὑποκάτω παντὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἵνα ἡ πᾶσα κτίσις νοηθῇ. — Ὁ δὲ θεός φησι ταῦτα ποιῶν, πάντων δεσπόζει, οὔτε ἀπὸ διαδοχῆς ἔχων τὴν ἐξουσίαν· πάντων γὰρ τυγχάνει δημιουργός· οὔτε ἑτέροις ταύτης παραχωρῶν· ἀΐδιος γάρ ἐστι τὴν φύσιν. — Γνωρίζει δέ φησι τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτὰ τὰ πράγματα.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the kingdom," and so on. No longer a partial kingdom, but one under the whole heaven, so that the whole creation may understand. — God, he says, who makes these things, is master of all, neither having his authority by succession, for he is the creator of all, nor yielding it to others, for he is eternal in nature. — And the events themselves make known the kingdom.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:27: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.64 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-64).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 65

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-65
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The angel did not explain the son of man.

### Greek text

Ἕως ὧδε τὸ πέρας τοῦ λόγου. Ἄχρι τούτων μοί φησιν ἡρμήνευσεν ὁ ἄγγελος· τὰ δὲ κατὰ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ὃς ἐπὶ τῶν νεφελῶν ἐρχόμενος ὤφθη, εἰπεῖν οὐκ ἠβουλήθη.

### English translation (Claude)

"Here is the end of the word." Up to this point, he says, the angel interpreted for me; but what concerned the son of man, who appeared coming on the clouds, he did not wish to tell.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:28: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 7:13: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:28. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.65 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-65).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 66

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-66
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel was troubled by what the Jews would suffer.

### Greek text

Οἱ διαλογισμοί μου συνετάρασσόν με. Διεγερθείς φησι καὶ διαλογιζόμενος τῶν ὀφθέντων τὸ παράδοξον, καὶ ἅπερ πείσονται οἱ ἰουδαῖοι, ἐν ἀθυμίᾳ καθέστην.

### English translation (Claude)

"My thoughts troubled me." Roused, he says, and reflecting on the strangeness of what was seen and what the Jews would suffer, I fell into despondency.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:28: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:28. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.66 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-66).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 67

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-67
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's grief for the people altered his appearance.

### Greek text

Ἡ μορφή μου ἠλλοιώθη. Τοσαύτῃ δέ φησι τῇ ἀθυμίᾳ κατεσχέθην, ὥστε μοι καὶ τὴν ὄψιν τοῦ σώματος ἀλλοιωθῆναι· ἔθος γὰρ τοῖς δικαίοις οἰκειοῦσθαι τοῦ πλήθους τὰς συμφοράς.

### English translation (Claude)

"My appearance was changed." I was held by such despondency, he says, that even the look of my body was changed; for the righteous are accustomed to make the misfortunes of the multitude their own.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:28: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:28. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.67 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-67).

## Commentary on Daniel 7, scholion 68

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-7-68
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel kept the vision secret so as not to discourage the return from exile.

### Greek text

Τὸ ῥῆμα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου συνετήρησα. Οὐκ ἐξήγγειλά φησι ταῦτα τῷ λαῷ, ὡς ἂν μὴ καταπλαγέντες τὰ ἐσόμενα ἀποτραπῶσι πρὸς τὴν ἄνοδον· καὶ τῆς ἀδείας αὐτοῖς δοθείσης, ἐθελοκακήσαντες μείνωσιν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀλλοτρίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"I kept the word in my heart." I did not announce these things to the people, he says, lest, terrified at what was to come, they turn back from the return, and, the freedom being given them, they willingly remain in the foreign land.

### Scripture references

- Dan 7:28: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 7:28. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 7.68 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/7-68).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: This vision follows that of Belshazzar's first year.

### Greek text

Μετὰ τὴν ὀφθεῖσάν μοι τὴν ἀρχήν. Τουτέστι μεθ᾽ ἣν εἶδον ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ.

### English translation (Claude)

"After the one that appeared to me at the beginning." That is, after the one I saw in the first year of Belshazzar.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:1. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius locates the vision in Persia and explains that Daniel sought to learn more of his people's future.

### Greek text

Εἶδον ἐν ὁράματι. Εἶδον δέ φησιν ἐν τῷ ἐμαυτοῦ τυγχάνων οἴκῳ, ἐν δεδομημένῳ ἐν τῇ περσικῇ χώρᾳ. Αἰλαμ πρόγονοι περσῶν· Ἐλυμαῖοι γὰρ οἱ πέρσαι καλοῦνται· ἔοικε δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὔτε τόπου οὔτε τῆς χώρας οὔτε τοῦ οἴκου μνημονεύσαι. Καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγα. Καθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν οὖν ὁ προφήτης διάγων, καὶ φιλόθεος ὤν, καὶ ἀνιώμενος ἐπὶ ταῖς κατεχούσαις αὐτοὺς συμφοραῖς, εἶδε τὴν προτέραν ὀπτασίαν, ἐν ᾗ ἔμαθεν ὡς χείριστα πείσονται οἱ ὁμόφυλοι· ἐν δὲ τούτοις τυγχάνων ἐδεῖτο αὖθις ἀκριβῶς μαθεῖν τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα, καὶ τίς ἐστι τῶν πραγμάτων ἡ κατάστασις, ἐν ᾗπερ ταῦτα πείσονται. — Τουτέστι τὴν ἀκριβῆ τῶν πραγμάτων κατάστασιν ἔμαθον· τὸ γὰρ εἶδον ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀκριβῶς ἔμαθον ἔφη· οὐ κατὰ φαντασίαν εἶδον τὰ ἐσόμενα, ἀλλὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀποκαλύψαντος.

### English translation (Claude)

"I saw in a vision." I saw, he says, while I was in my own house, built in the Persian country. Elymaeans are the ancestors of the Persians; for the Persians are called Elymaeans; and it seems he mentions neither the place nor the country nor the house without reason. And a little after: The prophet, then, living by himself, being God-loving and grieved at the misfortunes that held them, saw the earlier vision, in which he learned that his kinsmen would suffer the worst; and in these circumstances he asked again to learn exactly what would follow, and what the condition of affairs would be in which they would suffer these things. — That is, he learned the exact condition of affairs; for "I saw" stands for "I learned exactly"; he did not see what was to come by fantasy, but by God's revelation.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:2: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:2. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The two-horned ram signifies the empire of the Medes and Persians.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἤμην ἐπὶ τοῦ Οὐβάλ. Ἐδόκουν φησὶ πρὸς παραρρέοντι ὕδατι ἑστάναι· εἶτ᾽ ἀθρόως ἀπιδὼν πόρρωθεν ἑώρων πρὸς τοῦ ποταμοῦ κριὸν οὐ κατὰ τὴν τῶν λοιπῶν συνήθειαν, κέρατα δὲ ἔχοντα δύο μείζονα ἢ κατὰ κριοῦ φύσιν· μηνύει δὲ τὴν μήδων καὶ περσῶν ἀρχήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And I was by the Ubal." I seemed, he says, to stand by flowing water; then suddenly, looking up, I saw from afar, by the river, a ram, not according to the usual appearance of the others, but having two horns greater than accords with a ram's nature: it indicates the rule of the Medes and Persians.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:2–3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:2–3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The higher horn is Persia under Cyrus, which outgrew Media.

### Greek text

Τὸ ἓν ὑψηλότερον τοῦ ἑτέρου. Οὐκ ἴσα μεγέθει φησὶν ὄντα πρότερον ἔσχε τὴν πρὸς ἑαυτὰ διαφοράν· ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ὂν τέλειον, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἀρξάμενον ἐγένετο μεῖζον· μῆδοι μὲν γὰρ καὶ πέρσαι ἐδόκουν κατὰ ταυτὸν ἄρχειν, Δαρείου καὶ Κύρου συγγενῶν ὄντων, καὶ οὐδεμίαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐσχηκότων μάχην· ὁ δὲ Κῦρος καὶ μετὰ Δαρείου τελευτὴν βασιλείαν, μείζονα τὴν ἀρχὴν κατεκτήσατο, πρὸς τῇ περσῶν, καὶ τὴν μήδων λαβών.

### English translation (Claude)

"The one higher than the other." Being not equal in size, he says, they formerly had a difference from each other; but the one was full-grown, while the other, beginning small, became greater. For the Medes and Persians seemed to rule together, since Darius and Cyrus were kinsmen and had no battle with one another; but Cyrus, even after the end of Darius's reign, acquired a greater rule, taking that of the Medes in addition to that of the Persians.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The butting ram is the Persian empire under Cyrus and his successors.

### Greek text

Κριὸν κερατίζοντα. Οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα διῃρημένως περὶ τῶν κεράτων διαλέγεται, ἀλλὰ κοινῶς περὶ τοῦ κριοῦ· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ κατὰ τιμὴν ἦσαν διῃρημένοι, κατά τι δὲ συνημμένοι ὡς εἴρηται· μηνύει δὲ νῦν τὴν περσικὴν ἀρχήν· φαίνεται γὰρ ὅ τε Κῦρος ἁπάντων κατεσχηκώς, καὶ τοῖς μετ᾽ αὐτὸν ἄμαχον τὴν βασιλείαν παραδούς.

### English translation (Claude)

"A ram butting." Here too he does not speak of the horns separately, but of the ram in common; for since they were divided in honor, but in some way joined, as has been said, he indicates the Persian empire; for Cyrus appears to have conquered all and handed on the kingdom unassailable to those after him.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:4. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: No nation could resist the ram.

### Greek text

Πάντα τὰ θηρία οὐ στήσεται. Ἀντὶ τοῦ οὐδὲν τῶν ἐθνῶν ἰσόρροπον αὐτοῦ ἕξει τὴν δύναμιν. — Τουτέστι κρατήσει βεβαίως, οὔτε κατὰ πρώτην προσβολὴν ἀντιστῆναί τινος ἰσχύοντος.

### English translation (Claude)

"All the beasts will not stand." Meaning that none of the nations will have power equal to his. — That is, he will prevail firmly, no one being able to resist at the first onset.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:4. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Cyrus united Medes and Persians, and Darius the Mede is identified with Cyaxares.

### Greek text

Ἐποίησε κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ. Τουτέστιν ἐν οὐδενὶ ἥμαρτεν, ἀλλ᾽ εἰς πλεῖστον ἦλθε δόξης τοσοῦτον ἐλθεῖν ὅσον αὐτῷ ἐπελθεῖν συνέβη· τῆς γὰρ παρὰ θεοῦ συμμαχίας ἀξιωθείς, ἀπονητὶ τὰς νίκας ἤρατο, καὶ ὑπὸ μίαν βασιλείαν τίθησι τὸν μῆδον καὶ τὸν πέρσην· ἣν καὶ πρότερον ἦν ὑπὸ τῷ μήδῳ· οὗτος δὲ ἦν Κῦρος μετὰ Ἀστυάγην τὸν πάππον ἀναστὰς καὶ ὑπεραυξηθείς. Δαρεῖον δὲ τὸν σὺν αὐτῷ κρατήσαντα τῶν Βαβυλωνίων, ἕλληνες καλοῦσι Κυαξάρην θεῖον αὐτοῦ.

### English translation (Claude)

"It did according to its will." That is, it failed in nothing, but came to so great a height of glory as it happened to reach; for, counted worthy of help from God, it won its victories without toil, and placed the Medes and Persians under one kingdom, which had formerly been under the Medes; for this Cyrus, after Astyages his grandfather, rose up and grew strong. And Darius, who conquered the Babylonians with him, the Greeks call Cyaxares, his uncle.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:4. The identification of Darius the Mede with Cyaxares (as in Xenophon's Cyropaedia) is Polychronius's; translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):13; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel was perplexed by the new vision.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐγὼ ἤμην συνιών. Τουτέστι ταῦτά φησιν ὁρῶν ἀπεσκόπουν τί ποτε ἄρα βούλεται πάλιν ἡ ὄψις ἀπὸ τῶν προτέρων καὶ περὶ τῶν παρόντων μειζόνων ἀπορῶν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And I was understanding." That is, seeing these things, he says, I wondered what the vision might mean again, being at a greater loss about the present things than about the earlier ones.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:5 ("and I was considering"). Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 14.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The he-goat is the Macedonian empire.

### Greek text

Ἰδοὺ τράγος αἰγῶν. Μηνύει μὲν ἐνταῦθα τὴν μακεδονικὴν ἀρχήν· ἀπὸ λιβὸς δέ, ἵνα εἴπῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ νότου· νοτιωτέρα γὰρ ἡ Μακεδονία.

### English translation (Claude)

"Behold, a he-goat." He indicates here the Macedonian empire; and "from the southwest," to say "from the south"; for Macedonia lies to the south.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:5. Polychronius's geography is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The single horn is Alexander.

### Greek text

Τῷ τράγῳ κέρας θεωρητόν. Τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον μηνύει· τὸ δὲ θεωρητόν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ὑψηλὸν καὶ περιφανές· τράγος ὅτι νέος ὁ μακεδὼν Ἀλέξανδρος, ἀφ᾽ οὗ καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς τὸ καθολικὸν ἡ βασιλεία ἡ μακεδονική· ὃ καὶ δηλοῖ κέρας λέγων θεωρητὸν μεταξὺ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ, ἐπικρατῆ βασιλείᾳ, ὡς ἓν μόνον τὸ κέρας.

### English translation (Claude)

"The goat had a conspicuous horn." He indicates Alexander; "conspicuous" stands for "lofty and renowned"; a he-goat, because the Macedonian Alexander was young, from whom the Macedonian kingdom came to universal rule; which he also shows by speaking of a conspicuous horn between his eyes: a kingdom set over the nation, as one horn alone.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander invaded Persia and defeated Darius.

### Greek text

Ἔδραμε πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐν ὁρμῇ. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦ πέρσου εἰς τὴν Μακεδονίαν γινομένου τὴν νίκην ἤρατο, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτὸς τοῖς τοῦ πέρσου ἐπιβὰς τόποις καθεῖλε τὸν Δαρεῖον πολεμοῦντα.

### English translation (Claude)

"It ran at him in fury." For he did not win the victory when the Persian came into Macedonia, but he himself, setting foot on the Persian's territory, brought down Darius as he fought.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:6. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander routed Darius in Cilicia.

### Greek text

Εἶδον αὐτὸν φθάνοντα ἕως τοῦ κριοῦ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὡς ἀμυνόμενος αὐτόν, στρατείαν συναγαγών, ὑπήντησε κατὰ Κιλικίαν, πλείονι τῇ ὁρμῇ χρησάμενος καὶ σφοδρῷ τῷ θυμῷ πολλοὺς μὲν τῆς οἰκείας στρατείας κατέσφαξε, τοὺς δὲ οἰκειοτάτους ἑλών, εἰς φυγὴν ἔτρεψε τὸν Δαρεῖον.

### English translation (Claude)

"I saw it reaching the ram." Since, to ward him off, Darius gathered an army and met him in Cilicia; using greater fury and vehement anger, Alexander slaughtered many of his army, and, capturing his closest kin, put Darius to flight.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:7: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:7 (the battle of Issus). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-13
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander destroyed the Persian power entirely.

### Greek text

Συνέτριψεν ἀμφότερα τὰ κέρατα αὐτοῦ. Τούς τε γὰρ στρατηγοὺς αὐτοῦ ἤδη πρότερον ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ἀπέβαλεν ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον μάχῃ, καὶ νῦν τὴν στρατείαν ἀπολέσας, τῆς βασιλείας ἐξέπεσε· τὸ οὐκ ἦν ἰσχύς, τουτέστιν οὐδὲ ἀναμαχέσασθαι τὴν ἧτταν ἠδυνήθη. — Ἵνα εἴπῃ τέλειον ἐτρέψατο· τουτέστιν κατὰ πολλὴν αὐτὸν ἐξουσίαν κατέσχεν. — Τουτέστιν οὐδεμία συμμαχία ἤρκεσε πρὸς ἀντίστασιν τοῦ μακεδόνος· διδάσκει δὲ ταῦτα Ἰώσηπος κατὰ τὴν δεκάτην βίβλον τῆς ἀρχαιολογίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"It shattered both his horns." For he had already lost his generals earlier at the Hellespont in the battle against Alexander, and now, having destroyed his army, he fell from the kingdom; "there was no strength in him," that is, he could not even renew the fight after his defeat. — To say, "he turned him completely"; that is, he held authority over him with great power. — That is, no alliance sufficed to resist the Macedonian; Josephus teaches this in the tenth book of the Antiquities.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:7: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Josephus, Ant. 11.313-320 (Josephus (works)): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:7. The reference is to Josephus's Antiquities (Alexander's campaign is in book 11; Polychronius says the tenth). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.13 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-13).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The broken horn is Alexander's death.

### Greek text

Συνετρίβη τὸ κέρας αὐτοῦ. Ἵνα εἴπῃ ἁπάντων κατεσχηκὼς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Its horn was broken." To say that Alexander, having conquered all, ended his life.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:8. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The four horns are Alexander's four successors.

### Greek text

Ἀνέβη ἕτερα κέρατα τέσσαρα. Τοὺς μετ᾽ αὐτὸν βασιλεύσαντας λέγει· μετὰ γὰρ τὸν τούτου θάνατον Πτολεμαῖος μὲν κατέσχεν Αἰγύπτου, Συρίας δὲ καὶ Βαβυλῶνος Σέλευκος, τῆς δὲ Ἀσίας καὶ Ἑλλησπόντου Ἀντίγονος, Κάσανδρος δὲ Μακεδονίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"Four other horns came up." He means those who reigned after him; for after his death Ptolemy held Egypt, Seleucus Syria and Babylon, Antigonus Asia and the Hellespont, and Cassander Macedonia.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:8. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The little horn from one of them is Antiochus.

### Greek text

Ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς αὐτῶν. Τὸν Ἀντίοχον σημαίνει.

### English translation (Claude)

"From one of them." He indicates Antiochus.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: South is Egypt, east is Judea.

### Greek text

Πρὸς τὸν νότον κ. τ. λ. Νότον τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἐκάλεσεν, ἀνατολὴν δὲ ἰουδαίους, ὡς ἰσχύσαντας πολλάκις τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ συμμαχίᾳ.

### English translation (Claude)

"Toward the south," and so on. He called Egypt "south," and the Jews "east," as having often grown strong by God's help.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus's pride reached against heaven.

### Greek text

Ἐμεγαλύνθη ἕως τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. Τουτέστι κατὰ θεοῦ ἠλαζονεύσατο· προσέθηκε γὰρ τὸ ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἵνα σημάνῃ ὑπεροψίας τὸν ὄγκον.

### English translation (Claude)

"It grew great, up to the host of heaven." That is, he boasted against God; for he added "up to heaven" to signify the swelling of his pride.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-19
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The stars cast down are the Maccabees, who nevertheless defeated Antiochus.

### Greek text

Ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἀπὸ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. Τὸ σαφὲς τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς δυνάμεως οὐκ ἔχει· ὃ δὲ βούλεται εἰπεῖν ταῦτά ἐστι· μετὰ τὸ κρατῆσαι αὐτὸν πολλῶν, βλάσφημά τε ῥήματα κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ φθέγξασθαι, πατεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν Μακκαβαίων· τούτους γὰρ ἀστέρας ἐκάλεσε διὰ τὴν ἀρετήν· τὸ δὲ συνεπάτησαν αὐτόν, διδάσκει τὴν κατὰ κράτος νίκην.

### English translation (Claude)

"It cast down to the earth some of the host of heaven." The "from the host" has a certain obscurity; but what he wants to say is this: after he had prevailed over many and uttered blasphemous words against God, he is trampled by the Maccabees; for he called them "stars" because of their virtue; and "they trampled him" teaches the victory by force.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:10: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 3:1-4.61 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:10; compare 1 Macc 3–4. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 8.20) is joined here and 8.20 is held. Polychronius's interpretation (that the Maccabees trampled Antiochus) is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.19 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-19).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The commander is the nation's guardian angel.

### Greek text

Ἕως οὗ ἀρχιστράτηγος. Ἀρχιστράτηγον καλεῖ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα τῷ ἔθνει ἄγγελον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until the commander-in-chief." He calls "commander-in-chief" the angel set over the nation.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus disrupted the priesthood for a long time, by God's permission.

### Greek text

Θυσία ἐταράχθη. Τουτέστιν ἐκ τῆς τούτου αἰτίας, ἡ περὶ τὴν ἱερωσύνην εὐταξία ἀφανισθήσεται, πλείστων εἰς παρανομίαν ἐκκλινάντων. Κατευωδώθη. Διαπράξεται δὲ ταῦτα ἐπὶ πλεῖστον, τοῦ θεοῦ συγχωροῦντος.

### English translation (Claude)

"The sacrifice was disturbed." That is, because of him the good order of the priesthood will be done away with, most having turned aside to lawlessness. "It prospered." He accomplishes these things for a very long time, God permitting.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:11–12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:11–12. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus defiled the temple, dedicating it to Olympian Zeus.

### Greek text

Τὸ ἅγιον ἐρημωθήσεται. Εἰς τοσαύτην δὲ παρανομίαν ἥξει, ὥστε καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν ναὸν μολύνειν ταῖς εἰδωλικαῖς θυσίαις· Διὸς γὰρ ὀλυμπίου ἠπείλησεν ἱερὸν ποιήσειν τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ναόν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The sanctuary will be made desolate." He will come to such lawlessness as even to defile the temple of God with idolatrous sacrifices; for he threatened to make the temple of God a shrine of Olympian Zeus.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:11: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 6:2 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:11; compare 2 Macc 6:2. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Under Antiochus the temple worship and all the law's observances were abolished.

### Greek text

Ἐδόθη ἐπὶ τὴν θυσίαν ἁμαρτία. Τουτέστιν ἔνθα ἔδει τὸ θεῖον θεραπεύεσθαι, ἐκεῖ τοῖς εἰδώλοις τὰς τιμὰς προσέφερον. — Συνελὼν δέ φησιν ἄν εἴποι τις, ὡς ἅπασα ἡ τῶν νομίμων διάταξις διαλέλυτο· εὔδηλον γὰρ ὡς τοῦ ναοῦ βατοῦ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς γενομένου, οὐ σαββάτου ἦν φυλακή, οὐχ ἱερουργίας τάξις, οὐ τῶν ἱερέων ἀξία, οὐ τῶν ἐδεσμάτων αἱ παρατηρήσεις, οὐδ᾽ ἕτερον οὐδέν, ὧν ὁ νόμος μετὰ ἀκριβείας διετάξατο.

### English translation (Claude)

"Sin was given upon the sacrifice." That is, where the divine ought to be served, there they offered honors to idols. — In short, one might say, all the ordering of the law was dissolved; for it is clear that when the temple became accessible to the enemies, there was no keeping of the Sabbath, no order of the liturgy, no dignity of priests, no observances of foods, nor anything else that the law had ordered with exactness.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:12: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 1:44-50 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:12. The staged text broke this scholion into three pieces (8.24–8.26); the continuation is joined here and 8.25 and 8.26 are held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 27

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-27
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus succeeded without immediate punishment.

### Greek text

Ἐποίησε καὶ κατευωδώθη. Τουτέστιν ἐγχειρήσας ταῦτα διεπράξατο, οὐδεμίαν τὴν ἀρχὴν δεδωκὼς δίκην.

### English translation (Claude)

"It acted and prospered." That is, he carried out what he attempted, paying no penalty at the beginning.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:12. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.27 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-27).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: A holy angel spoke; Phelmoni is explained as an angel's name.

### Greek text

Ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἁγίου λαλοῦντος. Ταῦτα μὲν ἑώρων· οὐκ ἔστη δὲ μέχρι τούτου τὰ τῆς θέας, ἀλλ᾽ ἐδόκουν τινὰ ὁρᾶν ἄγγελον· τοῦτον γὰρ ἅγιον καλεῖ, ὡς πάσης τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης δυσχερείας ἀπηλλαγμένον. — Φελμουνὶ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἀγγέλῳ ὅτῳ δέ τινι.

### English translation (Claude)

"I heard one holy one speaking." These things I saw, he says; but the vision did not stop there; I seemed to see an angel; for he calls him "holy," as free from all human difficulty. — Phelmoni is a name of an angel, or of someone.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:13 (Theodotion's transliteration φελμουνί, "a certain one"). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 29

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-29
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius calculates the 2300 evenings and mornings as 1150 days, about three and a half lunar years of Antiochus's persecution.

### Greek text

Ἕως ἑσπέρας καὶ πρωΐ. Λέγει μὲν οὖν τὸν χρόνον καθ᾽ ὃν συμβήσεται τὰ εἰρημένα. Καὶ μεθ᾽ ἕτερα. Λέγει μὲν ἔτη τρία καὶ μῆνας ἓξ καθέξειν τὸν Ἀντίοχον· ἀριθμεῖται δὲ ὁ χρόνος κατὰ τὸν σεληνιακὸν κύκλον· οὕτω γὰρ φίλον ἑβραίοις τοὺς χρόνους ἀριθμεῖν· ὁ γὰρ μὴν ἔχει ἡμέρας κθ' ὡς γίνεσθαι πάσας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ τὰς ἡμέρας τνδ'· τριπλασιαζόμεναι δὲ ποιοῦσιν ἡμερῶν ἀριθμὸν αξβ'· αἷς προσθετέον καὶ τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ὑπὲρ τῶν τριῶν μηνῶν, ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἡμέρας· γίνονται αἱ πᾶσαι ἡμέραι ,ασν'· αὗται πάλιν διπλασιαζόμεναι ποιοῦσι τὰς ,βτ' ἡμέρας· φησὶ γὰρ ἑσπέρας καὶ πρωΐ, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἡμερονύχθιον· ὡς οὕτως ὀφειλόντων ἡμῶν ἀριθμεῖν τὰς ,βτ' ἡμέρας· συντέμνεται γὰρ τῆς ἀποφάσεως ὁ χρόνος, νυκτὸς εἰς ἡμέρας λογιζομένης· ᾧ δὴ καὶ νῦν οἱ τὰς ἐξορίας ὁρίζοντες ἄρχοντες τοῖς νόμοις ἑπόμενοι, τὴν νύκτα εἰς ἡμέραν λογιζόμενοι, τὸν χρόνον ἀριθμοῦσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until evening and morning." He means the time in which what was said will happen. And after other things: He means three years and six months during which Antiochus will rule; the time is reckoned by the lunar cycle, for so the Hebrews are accustomed to count the times; for the month has twenty-nine days, so that all the days of the year come to 354; tripled, they make a number of 1062 days; to which one must add also the quarter of the year beyond the three months, eighty-eight days; all the days come to 1150; and these, doubled again, make the 2300 days. For he says "evening and morning" instead of "a day and a night," as we ought to count the 2300 days so; for the time of the sentence is cut short, the nights being reckoned as days; which even now those rulers who fix the terms of exile, following the laws, count, reckoning the night as a day.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:14: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:14. Polychronius's arithmetic is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.29 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-29).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 30

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-30
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: After that period the temple would be restored.

### Greek text

Καθαρισθήσεται τὸ ἅγιον. Ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον χρόνον φησὶ τοῦ Ἀντιόχου τὰ προειρημένα διαθέντος τοὺς ἰουδαίους, αὖθις τὸ οἰκεῖον σχῆμα ὁ ναὸς ἀπολήψεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"The sanctuary will be cleansed." For so long a time, he says, after Antiochus has treated the Jews as foretold, the temple will receive its proper form again.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:14: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 4:36-59 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:14; compare 1 Macc 4:36–59. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.30 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-30).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 31

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-31
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14-15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel wished to understand the vision.

### Greek text

Ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἰδεῖν με. Τὰ μὲν οὖν φησὶ εἰρημένα εἶδον· οὐ μὴν συνιὼν τῶν λεγομένων τὴν δύναμιν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ κατέστην τῆς ἑρμηνείας τῶν δειχθέντων.

### English translation (Claude)

"It happened when I saw." I saw what was said, he says, but not understanding the force of the words, I came to desire the interpretation of what was shown.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:15: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:15. Greek restored from the page images of Mai 1831, pp. 14–15.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.31 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):14-15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-31).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 32

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-32
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: A figure like a man appeared, and Gabriel was commanded to explain the vision.

### Greek text

Ἐζήτουν σύνεσιν. Περισκοπουμένῳ δέ μοι φησὶ τίς ἂν εὑρεθείη τῶν ἀπορουμένων παρέχων τὴν λύσιν, εἶδον ἀθρόον ἐν ἀνδρὸς σχήματι παρεστῶτα. — Ὁρᾷς ἐπιτάγματα ἀγγέλων καὶ ἀρχαγγέλων μεῖζον ἴσως δύναμις ἑτέρα. — Ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μέν φησιν εἱστήκει· ἕτερος δέ τις παρὰ τὸ ὕδωρ ἑστὼς ἐκάλει τὸν παρεστῶτα, ὀνόματι Γαβριὴλ προσαγορεύων· καὶ παρεκελεύετο τῶν ζητουμένων παρέχειν τὴν ἑρμηνείαν. — Ὁ δὲ αὐτίκα φησὶν ὑπήκουσε, καὶ ἦλθεν ἄχρις ἐμοῦ, ἐκτελέσων τὸ προσταχθέν.

### English translation (Claude)

"I sought understanding." As I was considering, he says, who might be found to give the solution of what was in doubt, I suddenly saw one in the form of a man standing by. — You see orders given to angels and archangels; perhaps another, greater power. — But this one, he says, stood there, while another, standing by the water, called to the one standing by, addressing him by the name Gabriel, and urged him to give the interpretation of what was sought. — And he at once, he says, obeyed, and came up to me, to carry out what was commanded.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:15–17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:15–17. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 15.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.32 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-32).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 33

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-33
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel fell down, overwhelmed by the angel's appearance.

### Greek text

Ἐν τῷ ἐλθεῖν αὐτὸν ἐθαμβήθην. Τουτέστιν ἠγάσθην τὸ κάλλος τοῦ ὀφθέντος, καὶ πρηνὴς ἔπεσον, ἐκπλαγεὶς πρὸς τὸ παράδοξον τῆς θέας.

### English translation (Claude)

"When he came I was amazed." That is, I was astonished at the beauty of the one who appeared, and I fell on my face, struck by the wonder of the sight.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.33 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-33).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 34

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-34
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The angel calls Daniel to understand.

### Greek text

Σύνες υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου. Ἀντὶ τοῦ δέξαι τῶν λεγομένων τὴν σύνεσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Understand, son of man." Meaning, receive the understanding of what is said.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.34 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-34).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 35

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-35
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The vision concerns the later period of the successive empires.

### Greek text

Ἔτι γὰρ εἰς καιροῦ πέρας ἡ ὅρασις. Ἔσται δέ φησι τὰ ῥηθέντα χρόνοις ὕστερον, ἡνίκα ἂν ὁ καιρὸς ὁ προειρημένος περαιωθῇ· καιρὸν δὲ λέγει τὸν τῆς βασιλείας μήδων περσῶν, καὶ μακεδόνων, καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν βασιλέων τὴν διαδοχήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"For the vision is still for the end of a time." What was said, he says, will happen in later times, when the time mentioned before is completed; by "time" he means that of the kingdom of the Medes, Persians, and Macedonians, and the succession of the other kings.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.35 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-35).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 36

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-36
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel fell when the angel began to speak.

### Greek text

Ἐν τῷ λαλεῖν αὐτόν. Τοῦτο ἐπανάληψίς τίς ἐστι τοῦ προρρηθέντος· βούλεται γὰρ εἰπεῖν ὡς οὐχ ἅμα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀφίκετο κατέπεσεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐν τῷ ἄρξασθαι αὐτὸν λέγειν.

### English translation (Claude)

"While he was speaking." This is a repetition of what was said before; for he wants to say that he did not fall down as soon as he came to him, but when he began to speak.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.36 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-36).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 37

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-37
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The angel raised and encouraged Daniel.

### Greek text

Ἔστησέ με ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας. Ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως φησὶ παρεθάρσυνεν ἐγείρας κείμενον.

### English translation (Claude)

"He set me on my feet." Yet, he says, he encouraged me, raising me as I lay.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.37 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-37).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 38

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-38
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The people's suffering under Antiochus is God's punishment for their sins.

### Greek text

Ἐγὼ γνωρίζω σοι. Ἥκω φησὶ δηλῶσαί σοι ἃ συμβήσεται τῷ λαῷ διὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ὀργήν· ἵνα γνῷς ὡς οὔτε ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας ἡττηθήσονται, οὔτ᾽ Ἀντίοχος περιουσίᾳ δυνάμεως περιέσται· ἀλλὰ τοῦ θεοῦ δίκας αὐτοὺς εἰσπραξαμένου τῆς παρανομίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"I am making known to you." I have come, he says, to show you what will happen to the people because of God's anger; so that you may know that they will be defeated neither from weakness, nor will Antiochus prevail by abundance of power, but because God exacts from them the penalty of their lawlessness.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:19: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:19. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.38 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-38).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 39

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-39
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The ram's two horns are Cyrus and Darius the Mede.

### Greek text

Ὁ κριὸς ὃν εἶδες. Κριὸν μὲν λέγει τὴν βασιλείαν· τὰ δὲ κέρατα, ἀμφοτέρους, Κῦρον τὸν πέρσην καὶ Δαρεῖον τὸν μῆδον· οὔτε γὰρ καθ᾽ ὅλου διῄρηντο, οὔτε συνήπτοντο πάλιν δι᾽ ὅλου· ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν Βαβυλωνίων βασιλείαν διεδέξατο ὁ μῆδος· ἐκράτει δὲ τῆς περσίδος ὁ Κῦρος· τούτου δὲ τελευτήσαντος, μετέστη εἰς πέρσας ἡ ἀρχή.

### English translation (Claude)

"The ram that you saw." By the ram he means the kingdom; by the horns, both: Cyrus the Persian and Darius the Mede; for they were neither divided altogether nor again joined altogether; but the Mede succeeded to the Babylonian kingdom, while Cyrus ruled Persia; and when he died, the rule passed to the Persians.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:20: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:20. The clause "when he died" is as printed (it presumably refers to Darius). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.39 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-39).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 40

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-40
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The goat's first horn is Alexander.

### Greek text

Ὁ τράγος τῶν αἰγῶν. Αὐτός ἐστι βασιλεὺς ὁ πρῶτος· μηνύει δὲ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον· τῆς μὲν γὰρ μακεδονικῆς ἀρχῆς πλείους τὸν ἀριθμὸν οἱ βασιλεύσαντες· τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν πρῶτος ἦν ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος.

### English translation (Claude)

"The he-goat." He is the first king; he indicates Alexander; for those who reigned over the Macedonian empire were more in number, but of the rest Alexander was the first.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.40 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-40).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 41

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-41
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The four kings come from the Macedonian nation, not from Alexander.

### Greek text

Τέσσαρες βασιλεῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἔθνους αὐτοῦ ἀναστήσονται. Οὐκ εἶπεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔθνους, ἵνα εἴπῃ τῆς μακεδονικῆς ἀρχῆς.

### English translation (Claude)

"Four kings will arise from his nation." He did not say "from him," but "from the nation," to say, of the Macedonian empire.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:22: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:22. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.41 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-41).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 42

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-42
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel was left ill by fear.

### Greek text

Ἐκοιμήθην καὶ ἐμαλακίσθην. Τοσοῦτό με φησὶ φόβος κατέσχεν ἀπὸ τῶν δειχθέντων, ὥστε μηδὲ ἄμεινον διατεθῆναι τῶν ὑπὸ μακρᾶς ἀσθενείας κατεσκληκότων.

### English translation (Claude)

"I fell asleep and was sick." Such fear held me, he says, from what was shown, that I was in no better state than those withered by a long illness.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:27: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.42 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-42).

## Commentary on Daniel 8, scholion 43

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/7-1/#p-8-43
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel kept his office and his silence, holding some post from Nebuchadnezzar's time though unknown to Belshazzar.

### Greek text

Ἀνέστην καὶ ἐποίουν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ βασιλέως. Τουτέστι τὰ ἐγκεχειρισμένα τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον ἐτέλουν, ἀνιώμενος μὲν ἐπὶ τοῖς δειχθεῖσιν, οὐκ ἐκφέρων δὲ εἰς ἑτέρους· εἰ γὰρ καὶ μὴ ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς βασιλείοις ἐτύγχανεν ὤν, ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν δέδεικται, ἀλλ᾽ οὖν ἴσως ἀπὸ τῆς προτέρας εὐημερίας, ἣν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ ἐκέκτητο, μοῖράν τινα διοικήσεως ἐγκεχείριστο· φυλάττειν τι καὶ τῶν τοῦ πατρὸς ἐσπουδακότες τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ, καὶ μάλιστα καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐν τοῖς προγονικοῖς κατορθώμασιν ἐφρόνει μεγάλα· διὰ τοῦτο οὔτε πάνυ γνώριμος ἐτύγχανεν αὐτῶν ὁ ἀνήρ, ἅτε οὐδὲ ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ προχειρισθεὶς εἰς ἀρχήν, μείνας δὲ ἐπί τινος δυναστείας ἀπὸ τῆς προτέρας συνθήκης.

### English translation (Claude)

"I rose and did the king's business." That is, I carried out what was entrusted to me in the same way, grieved at what was shown, but not divulging it to others. For even if he was not at the palace itself, as was shown in what came before, yet perhaps, from his earlier prosperity, which he had acquired from Nebuchadnezzar, some share of administration had been entrusted to him; and those of Belshazzar's father's people who had been diligent kept something; and especially since he prided himself on his ancestors' achievements; therefore the man was not very well known to them, as he was not even appointed to office by him, but remained in some position of authority from the earlier arrangement.

### Scripture references

- Dan 8:27: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 5:13: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 8:27; compare 5:13. The construction of the long middle clause is loose; translated by sense. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 8.44) is joined here and 8.44 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 8.43 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/8-43).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel, reading Jeremiah's seventy years, prayed for the people's return.

### Greek text

Συνῆκα ἐν ταῖς βίβλοις τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἐτῶν. Ἐπεὶ τοίνυν ὁ λαὸς πρὸς τὴν αἴτησιν τῆς ἐπανόδου μὴ ἐγρηγόρει, αὐτὸς τὰ τοῦ λαοῦ οἰκειωσάμενος, προσπίπτει θεῷ, λαμβάνων ἀφορμὴν τῆς αἰτήσεως τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἐτῶν.

### English translation (Claude)

"I understood in the books the number of the years." Since the people were not alert to ask for the return, he himself, making the people's cause his own, falls down before God, taking the number of years as the occasion for his request.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:2: quotation, high confidence
- Jer 25:11–12: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:2. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel prayed because the seventy years were nearly complete and the people did not seek their return.

### Greek text

Εἰς συμπλήρωσιν ἐρημώσεως. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ὅτι ἐπληρώθη, ἀλλ᾽ εἰς συμπλήρωσιν, ὅπερ ἐγγίζειν ἢ συμπεπληρῶσθαι σημαίνει. — Σφόδρα περὶ τὸν λαὸν διακείμενος φαίνεται ὁ προφήτης, οὐκ ἐκ τῶν προρρηθέντων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τῶν παρόντων· ὡς γὰρ ἑώρα λοιπὸν συμπληρούμενον τὸν ὁρισθέντα τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας χρόνον, ἰουδαίους δὲ οὐδεμίαν ἔχοντας σπουδὴν πρὸς τὴν ἄνοδον οὐδὲ ἐκτενεύοντας τὸν θεόν, σκοπήσας ὡς τῆς προθεσμίας παρελθούσης, καὶ τῶν περὶ τῆς ἐπανόδου ἐπαγγελιῶν μὴ πληρωθεισῶν, αὖθις ἑτέραν ἀφορμὴν οἱ παράνομοι λήψονται τῆς κατὰ θεὸν βλασφημίας, ὡς ψευσαμένου καὶ μὴ ἀναγαγόντος τὸν λαόν, αὐτὸς εἰς ἱκεσίαν ἐτράπη καινήν, ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων ποιούμενος τὴν προσευχήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"For the fulfilment of the desolation." For he did not say "it has been fulfilled," but "for the fulfilment," which signifies "it is near to being fulfilled." — The prophet appears to be very concerned for the people, not only from what had been foretold but also from the present circumstances; for since he saw the appointed time of the captivity being completed, and the Jews having no zeal for the return nor entreating God, he considered that, if the opportunity passed and the promises about the return were not fulfilled, the lawless would again take another occasion for blasphemy against God, as having lied and not brought back the people; so he himself turned to supplication, making the prayer on behalf of all.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:2–3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:2–3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius distinguishes the terms of Daniel's confession of sin.

### Greek text

Ἡμάρτομεν, ἠδικήσαμεν, ἠσεβήσαμεν, καὶ ἀπέστημεν, καὶ ἐξεκλίναμεν. Ἁμαρτίαν μὲν γὰρ λέγει τοῦ βίου τὸ διάφορον· ἀδικίαν δὲ τὴν κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον πλεονεξίαν· ἀσέβειαν δὲ τὴν εἰς θεὸν ὕβριν, ἥτις ἐκρίνετο ἐν τῇ τῶν εἰδώλων θρησκείᾳ· τὸ δὲ ἐξεκλίναμεν, ἐμφαντικώτερον εἴρηται, ὡς τοῦ θεοῦ προσκαλουμένου, ἐκείνων δὲ φευγόντων· ἐντολὰς δὲ καὶ κρίματα λέγει τὰ νόμιμα· ἐντολὰς μὲν ὡς προστάγματα, κρίματα δὲ ὡς δικαίως κείμενα.

### English translation (Claude)

"We have sinned, we have done wrong, we have been ungodly, and have rebelled, and turned aside." By "sins" he means the corruption of life; by "wrong" greed against one's neighbor; by "ungodliness" insult toward God, which was judged in the worship of idols; and "we turned aside" is said more vividly, as though God were calling and they fleeing. By "commandments" and "judgments" he means the ordinances: commandments as orders, judgments as justly laid down.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Israel ignored God's law, land, and prophets.

### Greek text

Οὐκ εἰσηκούσαμεν. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἠρκέσθης φησὶ δοὺς τὸν νόμον διὰ Μωϋσέως, καὶ ποιήσας τὰ θαύματα· οὐδὲ ἔστης μέχρι τοῦ δοῦναι ἡμῖν τὴν γῆν· ἀλλ᾽ ἐπειδὴ εἶδες ἡμᾶς παραφθείραντας τῶν νομίμων τὴν διάταξιν, τούς τε προφήτας ἀπέστειλας ἄγειν ἐπὶ τὸ δέον ἡμᾶς βουλόμενος· ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γεγόναμεν εὐγνώμονες πρὸς τὰ λεγόμενα, ἀλλ᾽ ἀσυμφώνῳ τῇ γνώμῃ τῆς χείρονος γεγόναμεν γνώμης.

### English translation (Claude)

"We did not listen." For you were not content, he says, with giving the law through Moses and doing the wonders; nor did you stop at giving us the land; but when you saw that we had corrupted the order of the ordinances, you sent the prophets, wishing to lead us to what was right; but we did not become well disposed toward what was said, but, in discord with your purpose, we became of the worse mind.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:6. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God justly scattered Israel, who stand ashamed.

### Greek text

Διέσπειρας αὐτούς. Ἐπταικότας ἡμᾶς φησὶ, εἰς διαφόρους ἀποικίας ἔπεμψας· καὶ εἰ βούλει πρὸς ἡμᾶς κριθῆναι, ὀφθείης μὲν αὐτὸς δίκαιος, ἡμεῖς αἰσχύνην ὀφλήσομεν, ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων πάσης παρρησίας ἀφῃρημένοι.

### English translation (Claude)

"You scattered them." When we had stumbled, he says, you sent us into various exiles; and if you wish to be judged with us, you will appear righteous, and we shall incur shame, deprived of all confidence by our very deeds.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:7: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:7. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel appeals to God's compassion, confessing Israel's disobedience.

### Greek text

Τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ ἡμῶν οἱ οἰκτιρμοί. Ἀλλὰ τούτων φησὶν οὕτως ἐχόντων, ἐπὶ τὴν σὴν καταφεύγομεν φιλανθρωπίαν, ὁμολογοῦντες τὰ οἰκεῖα πταίσματα, καὶ οὔτε τῶν νομίμων ἐφυλάξαμεν, οὔτε παραινοῦσι τοῖς προφήταις ἐπειθαρχήσαμεν· οὐδεμίαν τοίνυν ὁρῶντες ὑποῦσαν δικαιολογίαν, τοὺς σοὺς ἀναμένομεν οἰκτιρμούς.

### English translation (Claude)

"To the Lord our God belong compassions." But since this is so, he says, we take refuge in your love for humankind, confessing our own offenses: that we neither kept the ordinances nor obeyed the prophets who exhorted us; seeing, then, that we have no plea of justification left, we wait for your compassions.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:9–10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:9–10. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 9.7) is joined here and 9.7 is held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 15–16).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):15; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The curse is that of the law, confirmed by the confession of the three youths.

### Greek text

Ἐπῆλθεν ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς ἡ κατάρα. Ποία κατάρα αὕτη; βούλεσθε ἀναγνῶμεν αὐτήν; ἐὰν μὴ λατρεύσητε κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ὑμῶν φησι, ἐπάξει ἐφ᾽ ὑμᾶς ἔθνος ἀναιδές, οὐκ ἀκοῦσαν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἔσεσθε ἐν ἀριθμῷ βραχεῖς· τοῦτο γοῦν αὐτὸ δηλοῦντες οἱ τρεῖς παῖδες, καὶ δείκνυνται ὡς διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν ἐξέβη τὸ τῆς κολάσεως εἶδος· καὶ αὐτοὶ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἐξομολογούμενοι περὶ τῶν κοινῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἔλεγον, παρέδωκας ἡμᾶς εἰς χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν ἀνόμων, ἐχθίστων, ἀποστατῶν, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.

### English translation (Claude)

"The curse came upon us." What curse is this? Do you want us to read it? "If you do not serve the Lord your God," he says, "he will bring on you a shameless nation, which does not hear his voice, and you will be few in number." The three youths too showed this very thing, and it is shown that from their deeds the form of the punishment came about; and they themselves, confessing to God about the common sins, said: "You handed us over into the hands of lawless enemies, most hateful apostates," and what follows.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:11: quotation, high confidence
- Deut 28:49–50: allusion, high confidence
- Deut 28:62: allusion, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Pr Azar 9 (Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Young Men): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:11; Deut 28:47–62 (paraphrased); Prayer of Azariah 9 (Greek Dan 3:32). Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 16.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The great evils include the famine in which mothers ate their children, foretold by Moses and recorded by Jeremiah.

### Greek text

Κακὰ μεγάλα. Ποῖα δὲ ταῦτα; μητέρες παίδων ἐγεύσαντο· καὶ τοῦτο αὐτὸ προλέγει μὲν Μωϋσῆς· δείκνυσι δὲ ἐκβεβηκὸς Ἱερεμίας· ὁ μὲν γάρ φησιν ὅτι ἡ ἁπαλὴ καὶ ἡ τρυφερά, ἧς οὐκ ἔλαβε πεῖραν ὁ ποὺς αὐτῆς ἐπιβῆναι ἐπὶ τὸ ἔδαφος διὰ τὴν ἁπαλότητα καὶ τὴν τρυφερότητα, ἅψεται παρανόμου τραπέζης, καὶ τῶν ἐκγόνων ἀπογεύσεται τῶν ἑαυτῆς· ὁ δὲ Ἱερεμίας αὐτὸ τοῦτο δηλῶν, ὅτι ἐξέβη, ἔλεγε· χεῖρες γυναικῶν οἰκτιρμόνων ἧψαν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Great evils." What were these? Mothers tasted their children; and this very thing Moses foretells, and Jeremiah shows to have come about. For the one says that the tender and delicate woman, whose foot had not tried to step on the ground because of her tenderness and delicacy, will touch a lawless table and taste her own offspring; and Jeremiah, showing this very thing, that it came to pass, said: "The hands of compassionate women boiled their children."

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:12: quotation, high confidence
- Deut 28:56–57: allusion, high confidence
- Lam 4:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:12; Deut 28:56–57; Lam 4:10 (cited as Jeremiah). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Even after the disasters Israel did not repent.

### Greek text

Οὐκ ἐδεήθημεν τοῦ προσώπου κυρίου. Ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως φησὶ καὶ τούτων γεγενημένων, οὐδὲν ἀμείνους διετέθημεν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἁμαρτημάτων.

### English translation (Claude)

"We did not entreat the face of the Lord." Yet even when these things had happened, he says, we were in no better state regarding our sins.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God, being holy, rejected Israel's sin.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐγρηγόρησεν ὁ κύριος. Οὐδέν φησι τῶν κακῶν τερπόμενος ὁ θεός, ἀλλ᾽ ἅγιός τε ὢν καὶ καθαρὸς τὸν τρόπον, προσιέναι αὐτῶν βουλόμενος, ἀπώσατο ἡμᾶς ἁμαρτάνοντας.

### English translation (Claude)

"And the Lord watched." God, he says, taking no delight in evils, but being holy and pure in character, wishing to draw near to them, rejected us as we sinned.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:14: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:14. The clause προσιέναι αὐτῶν βουλόμενος is obscure; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel appeals to the exodus as precedent for God's undeserved mercy.

### Greek text

Ὃς ἐξήγαγες τὸν λαόν σου. Ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως φησὶ τούτων οὕτως ἐχόντων δέσποτα, ἐπειδήπερ καὶ πάλαι οἰκείᾳ ἀγαθότητι ἀπήλλαξας τῆς Αἰγύπτου δουλείας, οὐχ ἡμῶν ἀξίων ὄντων· ἡμάρτομεν γὰρ καὶ τότε, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαθότητι οἰκείᾳ, μνήμῃ τε τῆς πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ἐπαγγελίας· τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον καὶ νῦν τῇ συνήθει φιλανθρωπίᾳ κεχρημένος σύγγνωθι ἡμαρτηκόσι, καὶ μάλιστα ἐπειδήπερ εἰσεπράχθημεν δίκας.

### English translation (Claude)

"You who brought your people out." Yet, he says, since this is so, Master, since long ago too in your own goodness you freed us from slavery in Egypt, though we were not worthy (for we sinned then too), but by your own goodness and in memory of your promise to the fathers, in the same way now too, using your usual love for humankind, forgive those who have sinned, especially since we have paid the penalty.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:15: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:15. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-13
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel appeals to God for the sake of desolate Jerusalem.

### Greek text

Ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεώς σου Ἱερουσαλήμ. Ἐπειδὴ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους περιελθών, οὐδένα ἑώρα δυνάμενον ἵλεω ποιῆσαι τὸν θεόν, πρὸς τὰ οἰκοδομήματα καταφεύγει, καὶ τὴν πόλιν αὐτὴν προβάλλεται, καὶ τὴν ἐρημίαν αὐτῆς προτείνεται, καὶ ἐν τούτοις καταλύσας τὸν λόγον, ἵλεω τὸν θεὸν ἐποίησεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"From your city Jerusalem." Since, going round the people, he finds none able to make God merciful, he takes refuge in the buildings, and puts forward the city itself, and holds out its desolation; and ending his words with these, he made God merciful.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:16: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:16. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.13 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-13).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel asks God to hear his prayer.

### Greek text

Νῦν εἰσάκουσον. Τουτέστι δέξαι τῆς δεήσεώς μου τὰ ῥήματα.

### English translation (Claude)

"Now hear." That is, receive the words of my prayer.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel asks God to look on the people's misery and the ruined city.

### Greek text

Ἄνοιξον τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς. Καὶ θεασάμενός φησι τήν τε ἡμετέραν ταλαιπωρίαν, καὶ τῆς πόλεως τὴν ἐρήμωσιν, ἐν ᾗπερ πρότερόν σοι τοὺς ὕμνους ἀνεπέμπομεν, ἐπινεύσειας δέσποτα εἰς πέρας ἀγαγεῖν τῆς ἱκεσίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"Open your eyes." And seeing, he says, both our misery and the desolation of the city, in which formerly we sent up hymns to you, deign, Master, to bring our supplication to its fulfilment.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel asks for mercy, not on the basis of merit, for the sake of God's name.

### Greek text

Οὐκ ἐπὶ ταῖς δικαιοσύναις. Οὐκ ἀφ᾽ ὧν πράττομεν, ἵλεώ σε γενέσθαι βουλόμεθα, ἀλλ᾽ οἶκτον ἐπὶ ταῖς συμφοραῖς λαβεῖν ἐθέλομεν. — Τουτέστι μὴ ἀπώσῃ ἱκετεύοντας. — Ἀντὶ τοῦ συγχώρησον τὰ πταίσματα. — Τουτέστι θέασαι ἐν οἷς ἐξεταζόμεθα κακοῖς. — Τὸ δὲ τάχος φησὶ διὰ τὴν σὴν ἀγαθότητα παράσχου. — Ὥστε φησὶ τὸ σὸν ὄνομα ὀνομάζεσθαι, καὶ μὴ ἔχειν χώραν τοὺς κατηγορεῖν βουλομένους τῆς σῆς δυνάμεως.

### English translation (Claude)

"Not on account of our righteousness." Not from what we do do we want you to become merciful, but we wish to receive pity in our misfortunes. — That is, do not reject us as we supplicate. — Meaning, forgive our offenses. — That is, deliver us from the evils by which we are tested. — And do it quickly, he says, through your goodness. — So that, he says, your name may be named, and those who wish to accuse your power may have no room.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:18–19: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:18–19. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 9.17) is joined here and 9.17 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Gabriel came swiftly while Daniel was still praying.

### Greek text

Ἔτι μου λαλοῦντος. Οὐ διήμαρτόν φησι τοῦ σκοποῦ, οὐδὲ ἀπέτυχον ἱκετεύων τὸν θεόν· διαλεγομένου μου οὖν τὰ προειρημένα, καὶ ὁμολογοῦντος τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἐμαυτοῦ καὶ τοῦ πλήθους, καὶ τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τὴν σωτηρίαν αἰτοῦντος, ἀπεστάλη πρός με ἄγγελος θεοῦ· ἐδόκει δὲ πετομένῳ· οὐ γὰρ εἶδε σχῆμα· τοῦτο λέγει, οὐχ ἵνα διδάξῃ πτερὰ ἔχειν τὸν ἄγγελον, ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα ἡμᾶς διδάξῃ, ὡς ταχεῖαί εἰσιν αἱ ἄνω δυνάμεις πρὸς τὴν διακονίαν τῶν ὑπὸ θεοῦ προστασσομένων.

### English translation (Claude)

"While I was still speaking." I did not miss my aim, he says, nor fail in supplicating God; while I was saying what was mentioned, confessing my own sins and those of the multitude, and asking salvation by God's love for humankind, an angel of God was sent to me, seeming to be flying; for he says this not because he saw a shape, not to teach that the angel has wings, but to teach us how swift the powers above are in serving what is commanded by God.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:20–21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:20–21. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 9.19) is joined here and 9.19 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 20

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-20
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: This Gabriel is the angel of the earlier vision.

### Greek text

Ἰδοὺ ἀνὴρ Γαβριήλ. Ἵνα εἴπῃ ὃς ὤφθη μοι ἐν τῇ τοῦ κριοῦ καὶ τοῦ τράγου ὁράσει· ὃς καὶ ἡρμήνευσεν ἐν τοῖς τότε ἀποδειχθεῖσι τὰ ἀπορούμενα.

### English translation (Claude)

"Behold, the man Gabriel." To say: the one who appeared to me in the vision of the ram and the he-goat, who also interpreted then what was in doubt in what was shown.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:21: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 8:16: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.20 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-20).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Gabriel came at the time of the evening sacrifice.

### Greek text

Ὡσεὶ ὥραν θυσίας. Τουτέστιν ἢ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν καθ᾽ ὃν εἴρηται, ἢ καθ᾽ ὃν εἰώθεισαν τὰς θυσίας κατὰ τὴν ἑσπέραν ἐκπληροῦν τῷ θεῷ, ἡνίκα τὰ ἰουδαίων συνειστήκει.

### English translation (Claude)

"About the hour of sacrifice." That is, at the time when it is said, or at which they used to offer the sacrifices to God in the evening, when the affairs of the Jews were established.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Gabriel calls Daniel to attend to the revelation.

### Greek text

Σύνες ἐν τῇ ὀπτασίᾳ. Τουτέστι πρόσεχε τοῖς λεγομένοις τὰ νῦν. — Τουτέστι λόγισαι οἵων ἠξιώθης, ὥστε ἄγγελον ἀποσταλῆναί σοι διδάσκαλον τῶν ἀμφισβητουμένων.

### English translation (Claude)

"Understand in the vision." That is, attend to what is being said now. — That is, consider of what you were counted worthy, that an angel was sent to you as teacher of what is disputed.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:23: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:23. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains that the seventy weeks reveal the course of Jewish history after the return, up to the destruction of the city.

### Greek text

Ἑβδομήκοντα ἑβδομάδες συνετμήθησαν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ διὰ τῶν προτέρων ὀπτασιῶν ἐγνώκει ὡς χείριστα πείσονται μετὰ τὴν ἄνοδον, εἰς ἀθυμίαν καταστὰς ἱκέτευε τὸν θεὸν μὴ μόνον αὐτοῖς παρασχεῖν τὴν ἄνοδον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντα τὰ κατὰ ἰουδαίους αὐτῷ δεῖξαι· ἴδιον γάρ ἐστι τῶν πραγμάτων ἐθέλειν λαμβάνειν τῶν ἐσομένων τὴν γνῶσιν· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἐπειδὴ μάλιστα τοῦ ναοῦ ἐμνημόνευσεν, ἅπαντα αὐτῷ δείκνυσι τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα· ὅτι τε ἀνελεύσονται, καὶ ἐν πόσῳ χρόνῳ τὰ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς ἔσται τοῦ ναοῦ· πρὸς οἷς διδάσκει τὴν εὐστηρίαν τῆς πόλεως, καὶ μέχρι ποῦ στήσεται τὰ ἰουδαίων· ὡς ἂν εἰδείη ὅτι εἰ καὶ τὰ ἰουδαίων καθαιρεθείη, ἀλλ᾽ οὖν οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἕξει τέλος ἡ εὐσέβεια. Καὶ πάλιν. Τουτέστι υγ' ἔτη περιλέλειπται, ἄχρις ὅτου ὁ λαὸς τῆς οἰκείας δόξης ἐκπεσεῖται, καὶ ἡ πόλις καθαιρεθήσεται· κρείττονος δηλονότι καταστάσεως γινομένης, διὰ τὴν τοῦ μεγαλοδώρου θεοῦ χάριν· εἰδέναι δὲ χρή, ὡς τὸν χρόνον καθολικῷ τινι τέθεικε λόγῳ, ἐν τοῖς ἐφεξῆς διακριβῶν τὰ καθέκαστον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Seventy weeks have been decreed." For since he had learned through the earlier visions that they would suffer the worst after the return, falling into despondency he begged God not only to grant them the return but also to show him everything concerning the Jews; for it is natural, in affairs, to want to receive knowledge of what is to come. For this reason God too, since he had above all mentioned the temple, shows him all that follows: that they will go up, and in how long a time the building of the temple will be; besides which he teaches the … of the city, and how far the affairs of the Jews will stand; so that he might know that, even if the affairs of the Jews were destroyed, godliness would not have its end with them. And again: That is, … years remain until the people falls from its own glory and the city is destroyed; a better state clearly coming about through the grace of the bountiful God. But one must know that he has put the time in a general way, giving the details exactly in what follows.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:24. Two readings are uncertain in the page image: the noun after διδάσκει τὴν (read εὐστηρίαν, perhaps for σωτηρίαν, "the safety" of the city), marked …; and the numeral of years (it seems to read υγ', 403; 490 would be expected from seventy weeks), also marked …. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Israel would reach the full measure of sin.

### Greek text

Τοῦ συντελεσθῆναι ἁμαρτίαν. Ἀντὶ τοῦ, φέρει αὐτοὺς ἕως εἰς ἔσχατον ἁμαρτίας ἐλάσουσι, καὶ ἀνίατον σχῶσι τὴν νόσον.

### English translation (Claude)

"To finish sin." Meaning, it carries them until they come to the extreme of sin and have an incurable disease.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 25

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-25
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius applies the wiping away of iniquities to baptism.

### Greek text

Ἀπαλεῖψαι τὰς ἀνομίας. Ὃ δὴ παρέσχεν ἡμῖν διὰ τῆς τοῦ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας, καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἡμῖν παρέχει.

### English translation (Claude)

"To wipe away iniquities." Which he has granted us through the washing of regeneration, and he grants us righteousness.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:24: quotation, high confidence
- Titus 3:5: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:24; Titus 3:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.25 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-25).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-26
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Sealing the vision means fulfilling the prophecies.

### Greek text

Σφραγίσαι ὅρασιν. Ἀντὶ τοῦ περαιῶσαι τὰ τῶν προφητῶν ὁράματα· ἀπὸ τῶν φησάντων, τὰ εἰρημένα σημαίνων.

### English translation (Claude)

"To seal vision." Meaning, to bring to completion the visions of the prophets: by "those who prophesy" signifying what was said.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:24. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 9.27) is joined here and 9.27 is held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 16–17).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.26 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):16; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-26).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):17
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius applies the anointing of the holy of holies to Christ, anointed by the Spirit for the dispensation.

### Greek text

Χρίσαι ἅγιον ἁγίων. Ἀντὶ τοῦ, τοῦ χρίσματος ἡμῖν μεταδοῦναι· ἅγιον δὲ ἁγίων ἔφη ὡς ὑπερβαίνοντος τούτου τὸν παρὰ ἰουδαίοις διὰ τοῦ χρίσματος ἁγιασμόν· ἢ ἵνα αὐτὸν χριστὸν σημάνῃ, χρίεσθαι αὐτὸν φάσκει τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι· διὰ τοῦτο γάρ φησιν ὁ Δαβὶδ ἔχρισέ σε ὁ θεὸς ὁ θεός σου ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου, τοῦτο ἐνταῦθα ἅγιον ἁγίων ἐκάλεσεν· οὐ τῷ συνήθει ἐλαίῳ χριόμενον τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀλλ᾽ ἐξαιρέτῳ δυνάμει τοῦ πνεύματος· οὐκ εἶπεν ἁγίῳ ἁγίων, ἀλλ᾽ ἅγιον ἁγίων, αὐτὸν σημαίνων τὸν χριστόν, τὸν ἁγιασμοῦ μὴ δεόμενον, ἀλλ᾽ ἁγιασμοῦ χορηγὸν ὡς θεόν, χρισθέντα δὲ διὰ τὴν οἰκονομίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"To anoint a holy of holies." Meaning, to give us a share of the anointing; and he says "holy of holies" as this surpasses the sanctification among the Jews through the anointing; or so as to signify Christ himself, saying that he is anointed with the Holy Spirit; for this is why David says, "God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness beyond your companions"; this he here called "holy of holies": not anointed by God with the usual oil, but with the special power of the Spirit. He did not say "to the holy of holies," but "a holy of holies," signifying Christ himself, who needs no sanctification but is the giver of sanctification as God, and was anointed because of the dispensation.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:24: quotation, high confidence
- Ps 45:7 (44:8 LXX): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:24; Ps 45:7 (LXX 44:8). The Christological reading is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 17.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):17; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 29

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-29
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):17
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius works out the seven and sixty-two weeks: 49 years from Darius the Mede to the completion of the temple, and 434 years from Artaxerxes's thirty-second year to Christ's birth in Herod's thirty-second year, following Josephus and Eusebius's Chronicle.

### Greek text

Ἀπὸ ἐξόδου λόγου τοῦ ἀποκριθῆναι. Λέγει πῶς προσήκει καὶ πόθεν τὰς ο' ἑβδομάδας ἀριθμεῖν, τουτέστι τὰ υγ' ἔτη· ἀντὶ τοῦ σημειῶσαι ἀφ᾽ οὗ ἠρξάμην λέγειν, ἀποκρινόμενος πρὸς τὴν ἐρώτησιν· ἦν δὲ πρῶτον ἔτος Δαρείου τοῦ μήδου· μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ ἕν, ὡς ἐν αὐτῇ ἐπεσημήνατο ἡ θεία γραφή, τοῦ μετὰ Βαλτάσαρ βεβασιλευκότος ὡς δέδεικται. — Τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ ἕως χριστοῦ ἡγουμένου ἑβδομάδες ζ'· πρόκειταί φησι δύο διδάξαι, τὸν χρόνον τῆς τοῦ ναοῦ οἰκοδομῆς, καὶ τὸν ἕως τῆς χριστοῦ παρουσίας· ἐντεῦθεν γάρ τις φησὶν ἀριθμῶν ἄχρις οὗ περαιωθῇ τοῦ ναοῦ ἡ οἰκοδομή, καὶ εὑρήσει ἔτη μθ'· αὐτοῦ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ Δαρείου ἐνιαυτὸν ἕνα τίθησιν ὁ προφήτης μόνον, διὰ τοῦ λέγειν ἔτει ἑνὶ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ· τὸ γὰρ ἓν λέγεται ὡς οὐκ ὄντος δευτέρου· διὰ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ οὐχ ὁμοίως ἐχρήσατο τῇ φωνῇ· ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ γάρ φησιν ἔτει Βαλτάσαρ βασιλέως χαλδαίων· ὅπου μὲν γὰρ εὗρε δεύτερον, ἀναγκαίως πρῶτον εἶπεν· ὅπου δὲ δεύτερον οὐκ ἦν, ἁρμόζουσαν τὴν τοῦ ἑνὸς εὗρε λέξιν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκεῖνο ἄν τις εἴποι, ὡς Μωϋσῆς τὴν πρώτην ἡμέραν μίαν κεκληκὼς ἥμαρτεν· ὡς γὰρ οὔπω οὐσῶν τῶν λοιπῶν ἡμερῶν, μίαν ἔφη τὴν ἐν ἀρχῇ γενομένην· τῆς δὲ ἑξῆς μνημονεύσας, δευτέραν αὐτὴν ἀκολούθως ἔφη· ὥσπερ γὰρ ταύτης οὐκ οὔσης, μία ἐκείνη ἐκαλεῖτο, οὐκ ἔχουσα τὴν πρὸς ἑτέραν συνάφειαν· οὕτως ἑτέρας παραχθείσης, ἡ πρώτη ἐλάμβανε τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν, ἔχουσα τῆς γενέσεως τὰ πρεσβεῖα. Λογίζεται τοίνυν τοῦ Δαρείου ὁ προφήτης ἔτος ἕν· τὸ δὲ εὐθὺς ἐν ἀρχῇ κεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει, ταραττέτω μηδένα· ὡς γὰρ ἐπιδιορθούμενος τῆς φωνῆς τὸ ἀδιάφορον, προσέθηκε τό, ἐν ἔτει ἑνί· ἢ εἰ δεῖ τὸ ἀκριβὲς εἰπεῖν, ἑρμηνεύων τὸ ἀδιάφορον τῆς λέξεως· ἀμέλει ἐπὶ τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ εἰρηκώς, ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει Βαλτάσαρ, οὐκέτι προστέθεικεν ἐν ἔτει ἑνί· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Δαρείου, ἐπειδὴ πλὴν τοῦ ἑνὸς οὐκ ἠπίστατο, ταχέως τῇ προσθήκῃ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἐσαφήνισε τὸ πρὸς αὐτοῦ ῥηθέν. Κῦρον δέ φησι διαδέξασθαι τὴν ἀρχήν, ὃς ἀπὸ τῶν χρονικῶν φαίνεται βασιλεύσας ἔτη λ'· μεθ᾽ ὃν Καμβύσης ὀκτώ· μεθ᾽ ὃν οἱ μάγοι δύο ἀδελφοὶ ἐνιαυτόν· οὕτω γὰρ Ἰώσηπος τίθησιν ἐν τῇ ἑνδεκάτῃ αὐτοῦ ἱστορίᾳ τῆς ἰουδαϊκῆς ἀρχαιολογίας· μεθ᾽ οὓς τὸν Ὑστάσπου Δαρεῖον ἀπέδειξαν βασιλέα· ἀφ᾽ οὗ τοῦ ναοῦ οἰκοδομὴ γεγένηται, ἀρξαμένη μὲν τῷ δευτέρῳ ἔτει, καὶ κατὰ τὴν τῶν χρονικῶν σημασίαν, καὶ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ προφήτου Ζαχαρίου φωνήν, πληρωθεῖσα δὲ κατὰ τὸν ἔνατον ἔτος τοῦ αὐτοῦ Δαρείου κατὰ τὸν Ἰώσηπον· συλλογίζεται τοίνυν οὕτως τὰ μθ' ἔτη· καὶ φήσας τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τὸν χρόνον, λέγει καὶ ὅπως τὸν ἕως τοῦ χριστοῦ παρουσίας ἀπαριθμεῖν δεῖ· λέγει δὲ οὕτως, καὶ ἑβδομάδες ξβ', καὶ ἐπιστρέψει καὶ οἰκοδομηθήσεται πλατεῖα καὶ περίτειχος, καὶ ἐκκενωθήσονται οἱ καιροί· πάλιν φησὶν ἀρίθμησον ξβ' ἑβδομάδας ἅπερ γίνεται ἔτη υλδ', ἀφ᾽ οὗ ἂν πλατεῖα καὶ μεγίστη ἡ πόλις γένηται ἐκ τῆς τοῦ ναοῦ περιβολῆς. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀκριβῶς ἔφη, καὶ ἐπιστρέψει καὶ οἰκοδομηθήσεται πλατεῖα καὶ περίτειχος, τουτέστιν ἡ πόλις· τὸ δὲ ἐπιστρέψει, ἵνα εἴπῃ ὅτι μετὰ χρόνον τῆς τοῦ ναοῦ οἰκοδομῆς τὰ τῆς πόλεως ἐγερθήσεται τείχη· καὶ γὰρ οὕτως συνέβη, ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ Κύρου τὸ θυσιαστήριον ᾠκοδομήθη μόνον, ἐπὶ δὲ Δαρείου ὁ ναὸς ἔλαβε πέρας· Ἀρταξέρξου δὲ τοῦ μακρόχειρος ἐπικληθέντος χρόνοις ὕστερον γενομένου, ἀφ᾽ οὗ Νεεμίας ᾔτησε κατὰ τὸ εἰκοστὸν ἔτος τῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλείας οἰκοδομῆσαι τὰ τείχη τῆς πόλεως, καὶ ἐπιτραπεὶς ἐπεραίωσεν αὐτὰ κατὰ τὸ β' καὶ λ' ἔτος τῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλείας· καὶ μηνύει ταῦτα ἡ τοῦ Ἔσδρα γραφή· τοῦτο δὲ οὕτως ἔχον καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν χρόνων εὑρήσει τις ἄν, ἐὰν ἀκριβῶς σκοπούμενος ἐντεῦθεν τις ψηφίζων ἀπὸ τῶν χρονικῶν εὑρήσει υλδ' ἔτη περαιούμενα κατὰ τὸ λβ' ἔτος τῆς βασιλείας Ἡρῴδου· μνησθεὶς γὰρ τῆς προκειμένης ἱστορίας ἐν τοῖς χρονικοῖς Εὐσέβιος, τίθησι κατὰ τὴν πς' ὀλυμπιάδα, δευτέρου ἔτους τῆς αὐτῆς ὀλυμπιάδος, τὸ λβ' ἔτος τῆς Ἀρταξέρξου βασιλείας· φησὶ δὲ τὸν Ἡρῴδην βεβασιλευκέναι ρπς' ὀλυμπιάδι, κατὰ τὸ δ' ἔτος τῆς αὐτῆς ὀλυμπιάδος· ἅπερ συνάγεται ἔτη υβ'· τὰ δὲ ὑπόλοιπα λβ' ἔτη ψηφιστέον τῶν χρόνων τῆς βασιλείας Ἡρῴδου, μεθ᾽ ὧν ὁ δεσπότης χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα τεχθεὶς φαίνεται· τὰ μὲν γὰρ πάντα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν Ἡρῴδης λζ', φαίνεται δὲ κατὰ τὸ λβ' ἔτος τῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλείας τεχθείς· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ Εὐσέβιος συνάγει τὸν χρόνον· τούτων τοίνυν οὕτως ἐχόντων, σκοπητέον λοιπὸν τὰς λέξεις, ὅπως σύμφωνον τὴν ἔννοιαν ἔχουσι τοῖς ῥηθεῖσι.

### English translation (Claude)

"From the going out of the word to answer." He says how one should proceed and from where one should count the seventy weeks, that is, the … years: in place of indicating "from when I began to speak," answering the question. It was the first year of Darius the Mede, or rather the one year, as divine Scripture itself noted, who reigned after Belshazzar, as has been shown. — "To build Jerusalem, and until an anointed leader, seven weeks": he sets out, he says, to teach two things, the time of the building of the temple and the time until the coming of Christ. For counting from here, one will find the years until the building of the temple was completed to be 49. For the prophet puts only one year of Darius himself, by saying "in the first year of his reign"; for "one" is said as there being no second. That is why for Belshazzar he did not use the same expression; for there he says "in the first year of Belshazzar king of the Chaldeans": where he found a second, he necessarily said "first"; where there was no second, he found the fitting expression "one." Nor would anyone say that Moses, calling the first day "one," erred; for since the other days did not yet exist, he called the one that came about at the beginning "one"; but, recalling the next, he consequently called it "second." For just as, when this did not exist, that one was called "one," having no connection to another, so, when another was brought in, the first received its name, having the seniority of origin. The prophet, then, reckons one year of Darius; and let no one be troubled that "in the first year" is set at the very beginning; for, as if correcting the indifference of the expression, he added "in one year," or, if one must speak exactly, interpreting the indifference of the term. Certainly in the case of Belshazzar, having said "in the first year of Belshazzar," he no longer added "in one year"; but in the case of Darius, since he knew of no more than one, he quickly made plain by the addition of "one" what he had said before. Cyrus, he says, succeeded to the rule, who from the chronicles appears to have reigned thirty years; after him Cambyses eight; after him the magi, two brothers, one year: for so Josephus puts it in the eleventh book of his history of Jewish antiquities; after whom they proclaimed Darius son of Hystaspes king, from whom the building of the temple came about, beginning in his second year according to the indication of the chronicles and the word of the prophet Zechariah, and completed in the ninth year of the same Darius according to Josephus. So he reckons the 49 years in this way. And having stated the time of the building, he also says how one must count the time until the coming of Christ; he says thus: "And sixty-two weeks, and it will return and be built, street and wall, and the times will be emptied." Again, he says, count sixty-two weeks, which make 434 years, from which the city became wide and very great through the enclosure of the temple. For this reason he also said exactly, "and it will return and be built, street and wall," that is, the city; and "it will return," to say that after the time of the building of the temple the walls of the city would be raised. And so it happened: under Cyrus only the altar was built; under Darius the temple was completed; and Artaxerxes, surnamed Longhand, coming later in time, from whom Nehemiah asked in the twentieth year of his reign to build the walls of the city, and, being permitted, finished them in the thirty-second year of his reign; Ezra's writing indicates this. And that this is so one will find from the times too: if, examining exactly, one reckons from the chronicles, he will find 434 years completed in the thirty-second year of the reign of Herod. For Eusebius, mentioning the history before us in his chronicles, puts the thirty-second year of the reign of Artaxerxes in the eighty-sixth Olympiad, the second year of that Olympiad; and he says that Herod reigned in the 186th Olympiad, in the fourth year of that Olympiad; which comes to 402 years; the remaining thirty-two years must be reckoned from the years of Herod's reign, in which the Master Christ appears to have been born according to the flesh; for Herod reigned thirty-seven years in all, and he appears to have been born in the thirty-second year of his reign; for so Eusebius too computes the time. This being so, it remains to consider the words, how they have a sense in agreement with what has been said.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:25: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 7:1: allusion, medium confidence
- Gen 1:5: allusion, medium confidence
- Ezra 6:15: allusion, medium confidence
- Zech 1:1: allusion, medium confidence
- Neh 2:1: allusion, high confidence
- Neh 6:15: allusion, medium confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Josephus, Ant. 11 (Josephus (works)): allusion, medium confidence
- Chron. (Eusebius and Jerome, Chronicle): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:25; Dan 7:1; Gen 1:5, 8; Ezra 3–6; Zech 1:1; Neh 2:1; 13:6; Ps 45. The staged text broke this long scholion over a column and a page (9.29–9.31); the continuation is joined here and 9.30 and 9.31 are held. The number of years for the seventy weeks is printed υγ' (403); 490 (υϞ') is expected, and the printed numeral may be a misprint; marked …. Josephus's account of the magi is in Antiquities 11 (Polychronius says the eleventh book). The chronology and its Christological application are translated as written. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 17.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.29 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):17; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-29).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 32

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-32
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):17
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: This phrase gives the time of the temple's rebuilding.

### Greek text

Τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι Ἱερουσαλήμ. Τουτέστι πρόκειται εἰπεῖν τὸν χρόνον τῆς οἰκοδομίας τοῦ ναοῦ, ὅσα ἐστὶν ἔτη ἄχρι τοῦ πληρωθῆναι αὐτὸν οἰκοδομούμενον.

### English translation (Claude)

"To build Jerusalem." That is, he sets out to state the time of the building of the temple, how many years there are until it was completed in building.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.32 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):17; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-32).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 33

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-33
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):17
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The anointed leader is Christ; the seven weeks are the 49 years of the rebuilding.

### Greek text

Ἕως χριστοῦ ἡγουμένου. Τουτέστι καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τοῦ ναοῦ πάλιν εἰπεῖν σοι βούλομαι τὸν χρόνον ἕως τοῦ χριστοῦ παρουσίας· αὐτὸν γὰρ χριστὸν ἡγούμενον ἐκάλεσε· χριστὸν ὡς κεχρισμένον καθὼς προέφην· ἡγούμενον δὲ ὡς δεσπόζοντα τῶν ἁπάντων. Ἑβδομάδες ἑπτά. Τουτέστιν οὗτος ὁ χρόνος τῆς οἰκοδομίας, ἔτη μθ', ὡς δέδεικται.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until an anointed leader." That is, from the building of the temple, again, I want to tell you the time until the coming of Christ; for he called him "anointed leader": anointed, as anointed according to what was said before; leader, as ruling over all. "Seven weeks." That is, this is the time of the building, forty-nine years, as has been shown.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.33 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):17; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-33).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 34

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-34
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The sixty-two weeks run from the rebuilding of the city walls to Christ.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἑβδομάδες ἑξήκοντα δύο. Τουτέστιν υλδ' ἔτη ἀριθμεῖται μέχρι τῆς τοῦ χριστοῦ παρουσίας, ὡς εἴρηται. — Ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀριθμηθήσονται ταῦτα τὰ ἔτη, μὴ ἀφ᾽ οὗ ἀνῳκοδομήθη ὁ ναός, ἀλλ᾽ ἀφ᾽ οὗ ἂν τὸ τεῖχος γένηται τῆς πόλεως· διὰ τοῦτό φησιν ἐπιστρέψει, τουτέστι χρόνοις δὲ ὕστερον τὸ τέλειον σχῆμα ἀναλήψεται ἡ πόλις.

### English translation (Claude)

"And sixty-two weeks." That is, 434 years are counted until the coming of Christ, as has been said. — Meaning, these years will be counted not from when the temple was rebuilt, but from when the wall of the city is made; that is why he says "it will return," that is, later in time the city will receive its complete form.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:25. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 18.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.34 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-34).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 35

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-35
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: When the 434 years run out, Christ comes.

### Greek text

Ἐκκενωθήσονται οἱ καιροί. Τότε γάρ φησιν ἀναλωθήσονται οἱ καιροὶ οὗτοι οἱ προειρημένοι· τουτέστιν ὁ τῶν υλδ' ἐτῶν χρόνος· μεθ᾽ οὓς αὐτίκα χριστὸς τὰς ἐν ἀνθρώποις ποιήσει διατριβάς.

### English translation (Claude)

"The times will be emptied." For then, he says, these times mentioned before will be used up, that is, the time of the 434 years, after which Christ will at once make his sojourn among men.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.35 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-35).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 36

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-36
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The cutting off of the 'anointing' means the end of the Jewish priesthood and order, long after Christ, because of their sin.

### Greek text

Ἐξολοθρευθήσεται χρίσμα. Τουτέστι πᾶσα ἡ ἰουδαϊκὴ κατάστασις ἀφανισθήσεται· χρίσμα μὲν γὰρ λέγει τὸν ἱερέα τὸν κεχρισμένον· ὡς γὰρ Μωϋσέα καλεῖ τὸν νόμον, ἀπὸ τοῦ τεθέντος τὸ τεθὲν σημαίνων, οὕτω καὶ χρίσμα τὸν χριστὸν ἱερέα, ἀπὸ τοῦ μετεχομένου τὸν μετέχοντα γνωρίζων· ὁ γοῦν ἑβραῖος καὶ ὁ σύρος σαφῶς ἐξολοθρευθήσεται χριστὸς λέγει, τῇ μνήμῃ τοῦ ἱερέως συναιρῶν τὰς θυσίας. — Συμβήσεται δέ φησι ταῦτα ἰουδαίοις οὐχ ἅμα τοῦ πληρωθῆναι τοὺς καιροὺς τοὺς ἄχρι τῆς τοῦ χριστοῦ παρουσίας ὁρισθέντας, ἀλλὰ πλείστοις ὕστερον ἔτεσιν. — Ἵνα τὴν κατὰ ἰουδαίων διὰ τὰς αὐτῶν παρανομίας ἐμφήνῃ ὀργήν· τοὺς μὲν οὖν ἀμεταμέλητα πταίσαντας, ἔξω τῆς ἐπαγγελίας πεποίηκε, τρόπον δὲ σωτηρίας τῇ οἰκουμένῃ λυσιτελέστερον παρέδωκεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Anointing will be destroyed." That is, the whole Jewish order will be done away with; for by "anointing" he means the anointed priest; for as he calls the law "Moses," signifying what was laid down from the one who laid it down, so too by "anointing" he makes known the anointed priest, from what is shared the one who shares in it. At any rate the Hebrew and the Syrian say plainly, "Christ will be destroyed," taking away the sacrifices together with the memory of the priest. — These things, he says, will happen to the Jews not as soon as the times fixed until the coming of Christ are fulfilled, but very many years later. — So as to show the anger against the Jews because of their lawlessness: those who stumbled without repentance he put outside the promise, but he gave the world a way of salvation more profitable.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:26: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:26. Polychronius reports that the Hebrew and the Syriac read "an anointed one (Christ) will be cut off"; his interpretation, including the statement about the Jews and the promise, is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.36 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-36).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 37

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-37
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The end of 'judgment' means the end of Jewish courts and civil order.

### Greek text

Κρίμα οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ. Ἀντὶ τοῦ, δικαστήρια καὶ ψῆφοι καὶ νόμοι· ἅπερ πάντα τὴν βασιλικὴν εὐταξίαν δείκνυσι καὶ τὴν πολιτικὴν κατάστασιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"There will be no judgment in it." Meaning: law courts, votes, and laws; which all show the royal good order and the civil constitution.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:26: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:26 (Theodotion). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.37 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-37).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 38

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-38
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'flood' is the complete destruction of Jerusalem, as Christ foretold.

### Greek text

Ἐκκοπήσονται ἐν κατακλυσμῷ. Οὐδὲν τῇ δυνάμει διαλλάττειν νομίζω τῆς προφητικῆς φωνῆς τὴν τοῦ κυρίου ἀπόφασιν· ὅτι γὰρ προφήτης ἐκκοπήσονταί φησι, πρόρριζον αὐτῶν ἀπώλειαν δηλῶν· καὶ ὁ κύριος μὴ μένειν λίθον ἐπὶ λίθον ἀπεφήνατο, τὴν κατὰ κράτος τῶν πολεμίων διδάσκων ἰσχύν. — Οὕτως γὰρ αὐτῶν κατὰ κράτος οἱ πολέμιοι περιέσονται ὥστε μηδὲ ἐλπίδας αὐτοῖς ἀναστάσεως ὑπολείπεσθαι· τὸ γὰρ ἕως τέλους, δηλοῖ τὴν παντελῆ ἀπώλειαν· τὸ δὲ ἀφανισμοῦ, τὸ μηδὲ μνημόσυνον αὐτῶν ὁρᾶσθαι τῆς προτέρου εὐημερίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will be cut off in a flood." I think that the Lord's declaration differs in no way in force from the prophetic word; for the prophet, saying "they will be cut off," makes plain their destruction from the root; and the Lord, declaring that not a stone would remain upon a stone, teaches the strength of the enemies by force. — For the enemies will prevail over them by force so that no hope of recovery is left them; for "until the end" makes plain the complete destruction, and "of disappearance," that not even a memory of their former prosperity is seen.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:26: quotation, high confidence
- Matt 24:2: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:26; Matt 24:2. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.38 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-38).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 39

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-39
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Christ will confirm the covenant promised before his coming.

### Greek text

Δυναμώσει διαθήκην. Ἀκριβέστατον δὲ εἶπε τὸ δυναμώσει· ἐπειδὴ πρὸ τῆς αὐτοῦ παρουσίας ἐν ἐπαγγελίαις ἦν τὰ ἀγαθά· ταῦτα οὖν φησιν αὐτὸς παραγενόμενος βεβαιώσει· καὶ ἔσται ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς πιστοῖς συνθήκη ἀσφαλής τε καὶ ἰσχυρά, παρ᾽ οὐδενὸς σαλευθῆναι μὴ δυναμένη, οὐδὲ ληψομένη μεταβολήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will strengthen a covenant." "He will strengthen" is said most exactly; since before his coming it was in promises, these good things, he says, he himself will confirm by his coming; and the covenant with the faithful will be secure and strong, unable to be shaken by anyone, nor to receive change.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:27: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.39 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-39).

## Commentary on Daniel 9, scholion 40

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-9-40
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The half-week is Christ's ministry, in which he confirmed the new covenant by his death and resurrection.

### Greek text

Ἐν τῷ ἡμίσει τῆς ἑβδομάδος. Τὸν χρόνον λέγει ἐν ᾧπερ ὁ χριστὸς διδάσκων διετέλεσε· τοσοῦτον κατ᾽ αὐτὸν φήσας, ὅσον ἐνεδέχετο προφητεύοντα εἰπεῖν· διαθήκην μὲν λέγει τὴν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς ἀνθρώπους συνθήκην· τοῦτο γὰρ ἔθος τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ, ὡς Ἱερεμίας λέγει, ἰδοὺ διαθήσομαι ὑμῖν διαθήκην αἰώνιον καινήν. — Τούτων γάρ φησι γινομένων, βεβαιωθήσεται ἡ χριστοῦ ἐπαγγελία, ἡ πρὸς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη· ὅπερ πεποίηκεν ὁ χριστὸς ἐν τῷ ἡμίσει τῆς ἑβδομάδος, αὐτός τε παραγενόμενος, καὶ τοὺς οἰκείους ἐκθέμενος νόμους, καὶ τὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ὑποστὰς θάνατον, καὶ παύσας τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, καὶ χαρισάμενος τὴν ἀνάστασιν, καὶ δοὺς ἡμῖν τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν τὸν ἀρραβῶνα. — Εὔδηλον ὡς τοῦ χριστοῦ λέγει τὴν μετὰ ἀνθρώπων διαγωγήν, ἐν ᾗ τοὺς ἀποστόλους ἐξελέξατο, καὶ διδάσκων ἰουδαίους τε καὶ δι᾽ ἐκείνων ἅπαντας τοὺς λοιποὺς τὴν τελειοτάτην εὐσέβειαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"In the half of the week." He means the time in which Christ completed his teaching, having said as much about it as was allowed one prophesying to say. By "covenant" he means the compact of God with men; for this is the custom of divine Scripture, as Jeremiah says, "Behold, I will make with you an eternal, new covenant." — For when these things happen, he says, the promise of Christ will be confirmed, made to all the nations; which Christ did in the half of the week, both coming himself and setting out his own laws, and undergoing death for us, and putting an end to sin, and granting the resurrection, and giving us the pledge of the good things to come. — It is clear that he means Christ's life among men, in which he chose the apostles and taught the Jews, and through them all the rest, the most perfect godliness.

### Scripture references

- Dan 9:27: quotation, high confidence
- Jer 31:31: quotation, high confidence
- Jer 32:40: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 9:27; Jer 31:31 / 32:40. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 9.40 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/9-40).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel first summarizes the revelation before giving its details.

### Greek text

Ἐν ἔτει πρώτῳ Κύρου βασιλέως. Πρόκειται μὲν αὐτῷ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου γνωρισθέντα διηγήσασθαι· χρῆται δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὸ παρὸν τῷ ἰδιώματι τῆς γραφῆς· οὐ γὰρ πρότερον τὸ κατὰ μέρος λέγει, πρὶν ἢ ἐν κεφαλαίῳ περιλάβῃ τὸν ὅλων τὸν νοῦν· οὐ γὰρ ἔφη τι ἀπεκαλύφθη, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι λόγος· ἄριστον τέως ποιούμενος τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν ἀφήγησιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"In the first year of Cyrus the king." It was set before him to narrate what was made known by the angel; but here too he uses the manner of Scripture; for he does not first speak in detail before he has gathered the sense of the whole in a summary; for he does not say what was revealed, but that a word was revealed, making the account of the events orderly.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:1. Mai's footnote on the reading "first" (for "third") in this lemma, which follows the Vatican manuscripts, is not reproduced; Mai's note mark "(1)" is omitted. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The revelation concerns real events.

### Greek text

Ἀληθινὸς ὁ λόγος. Τουτέστιν οὐ φαντασίαν τίθεται, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν ἀλήθειαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The word is true." That is, he does not set down a fantasy, but the truth of the events themselves.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:1. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The revelation was fearsome and required more than human grace to receive.

### Greek text

Δύναμις μεγάλη καὶ σύνεσις. Οὐ μόνον φησὶ τὰ ὀφθέντα ἦν παράδοξα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ ἀπαγγέλλων τὰ πράγματα, ἦν φοβερός· καὶ οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἐδυνήθην τὴν ἀρχὴν δέξασθαι τοῦ διαλεγομένου τὴν ὁμιλίαν, εἰ μὴ χάριτος τυχὼν μείζονος ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἤρκεσα πρὸς τὴν τῶν λόγων ἀκρόασιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Great power and understanding." Not only, he says, were the things seen wonderful, but the one who announced the matters was fearsome, and I could not even have begun to receive the discourse of the one speaking had I not met with a grace greater than human for the hearing of the words.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:1. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The vision came when the people were safe under Cyrus.

### Greek text

Ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις. Δηλονότι ἡνίκα οὐδεὶς νοῦν ἐβάλετο τοῦ διαφθεῖραι τὸν λαόν, ἅτε τῆς βασιλείας αὐτῷ ἀρχὴν λαβούσης καὶ διαμενούσης ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ.

### English translation (Claude)

"In those days." Clearly, when no one any longer thought of destroying the people, since the kingdom had begun to be his and remained in safety.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:2: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:2. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18-19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's three weeks of mourning were an unbroken fast of twenty-one days.

### Greek text

Πενθῶν τρεῖς ἑβδομάδας. Τουτέστι νηστεύων. Ἔθος γὰρ τοῖς ἰουδαίοις τὴν νηστείαν πένθος καλεῖν, ὡς καὶ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ἀναγέγραπται· δῆλος δέ ἐστι νηστεύσας ἐφεξῆς τὰς εἴκοσι μιᾶς ἡμέρας, οὐδὲ μιᾶς τροφῆς μεταξὺ μεταλαβών, οὐδέ τι τῶν κατὰ συνήθειαν πεποιηκώς· τοῦτο γὰρ μηνύει τὸ ἕως τριῶν ἑβδομάδων ἡμερῶν· εἰ γὰρ καθ᾽ ἑκάστην διημερεύων ἐν τῇ νηστείᾳ, κατὰ τὴν ἑσπέραν ἤσθιεν, οὐδὲν ἦν θαυμαστόν· ἀλλὰ δῆλον ὡς συντόνῳ τῇ προσευχῇ χρήσασθαι βουλόμενος, καὶ πολλῷ ληφθεὶς τῷ θείῳ πόθῳ, συνῆπτε τὰς ἡμέρας· τρόπον τινὰ κρίνας, μὴ πρότερον τροφῆς μεταλαβεῖν ἄχρις οὗ τῆς ἄνωθεν ἀξιωθείη ὁμιλίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"Mourning three weeks." That is, fasting. For it is the custom among the Jews to call fasting "mourning," as is also written in the law. It is clear that he fasted the twenty-one days in succession, taking not even one meal in between, nor doing anything according to custom; for this is what "until three weeks of days" indicates. For if he had spent each day in the fast and eaten in the evening, there would have been nothing wonderful; but it is clear that, wishing to use intense prayer and seized by great divine longing, he joined the days together, having decided, in a way, not to take food until he was counted worthy of converse from above.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:2–3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:2–3. Polychronius's view that Daniel ate nothing at all for twenty-one days is translated as written. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 18–19).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):18-19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel, though still a high official, gave up even the customary anointing.

### Greek text

Ἄλειμμα οὐκ ἠλειψάμην. Μηνύει ὡς οὐ μόνον τῆς συνήθους ἀπέσχετο τροφῆς, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἕτερόν τι τῶν κατὰ συνήθειαν πεποίηκεν· ἔθος γὰρ ἦν τοῖς ἐν τέλει τῶν περσῶν καλλωπίζειν τὴν κόμην, ἄλλοις τέ τισι, καὶ ἀλοιφῇ, ὃ ἔτι καὶ νῦν παρὰ πέρσαις ἐστὶν ἰδεῖν· λαλεῖ τοίνυν ὅτι οὐδὲ μεταστὰς τῆς ἀξίας, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τῶν ὁμοίων τυγχάνων, οὐδὲν τῶν κατὰ συνήθειαν πεποίηκεν· ἐν γὰρ πλείστῃ εὐημερίᾳ ἐπὶ Δαρείου γεγονὼς καὶ μάλιστα μετὰ τὸ ἐπὶ τοῖς λέουσι παράδοξον, ἔμεινεν ἐπὶ τῆς ἴσης τιμῆς καὶ ἐπὶ Κύρου.

### English translation (Claude)

"I did not anoint myself with ointment." It indicates that he not only abstained from his usual food, but did not do any of the other customary things either; for it was the custom of those in office among the Persians to beautify their hair with certain other things and with ointment, which can still be seen among the Persians today. He says, then, that he had not lost his rank, but, remaining in the same position, did none of the customary things; for he was in very great prosperity under Darius, especially after the wonder of the lions, and he remained in the same honor under Cyrus too.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:3. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 19.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius argues that Daniel's fast ran through Passover and the days of unleavened bread, rebuking contemporary Jews.

### Greek text

Ἕως πληρώσεως τριῶν ἑβδομάδων ἡμερῶν. Ἀκριβέστατα τὸν καιρὸν ἐπισημαίνεται καθ᾽ ὃν τὴν ὀπτασίαν πεποίηται. Καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγα. Ἱκέτευεν τὸν θεὸν τήν τε ἄνοδον ἰουδαίοις κατὰ τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν παρασχεῖν, καὶ γνωρίσαι μοι ἀκριβῶς τὰ ὑπὸ Ἀντιόχου πραχθησόμενα· ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν εἰρημένων δηλονότι τὸ πάσχα οὐκ ἐπετέλεσε· καὶ πῶς ἐγὼ λέγω ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν ἀζύμων νηστεύειν ἰουδαίοις οὐ θέμις; οὗτος δὲ ἡμέρας κα' οὐδενὸς ὅλως μετέλαβε· καὶ πόθεν δῆλον φησί; ὅτι αὗται αἱ κ' ἡμέραι καὶ μία, κατὰ τὰς ἡμέρας τῶν ἀζύμων ἦσαν, ἐξ ὧν εἶπεν ὅτι τετάρτῃ καὶ εἰκάδι τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ πρώτου· καί τοι γε τὸ πάσχα εἰς μίαν καὶ εἰκοστὴν τελευτᾷ· ἀρχόμενοι γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς τετάρτης καὶ δεκάτης τοῦ πρώτου μηνός, εἶτα ζ' ἡμέρας ἑορτάσαντες, εἰς κα' ἀπαντῶσιν· ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως καὶ παρελθόντος τοῦ πάσχα, ἔμενεν οὗτος νηστεύων· ἀρξάμενος γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς γ' ἡμέρας τοῦ πρώτου, εἶτα καὶ πληρώσας τὴν τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτην, παρῆλθε καὶ μετ᾽ ἐκείνην ἑπτὰ καὶ τρεῖς ἡμέρας· πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἐρυθριῶσιν οἱ μιαροὶ ἰουδαῖοι, τῶν ἁγίων ἐκείνων οὐδὲν τῶν τοιούτων νομίμων φυλαττόντων ἐπὶ τῆς ἀλλοτρίας, αὐτοὶ τοὐναντίον ποιοῦσι πρὸς φιλονεικίαν καὶ ἔριν;

### English translation (Claude)

"Until three weeks of days were completed." He marks most exactly the time at which he had the vision. And a little after: He was begging God both to grant the Jews the return according to his promise, and to make known to him exactly what would be done by Antiochus. It is clear from what has been said that he did not keep the Passover. "And how," someone says, "do you say that it was not lawful for Jews to fast in the days of unleavened bread? Yet this man took nothing at all for twenty-one days. And where does it appear," he says, "that these twenty-one days were during the days of unleavened bread?" From his saying "on the twenty-fourth of the first month"; and the Passover ends on the twenty-first; for they begin from the fourteenth of the first month and, having kept the feast seven days, reach the twenty-first. But even when the Passover had passed, he remained fasting; for, beginning from the third day of the first month and then completing the fourteenth, he passed beyond it too by seven and three days. How then are the polluted Jews, who keep none of those holy ordinances in a foreign land, not ashamed, but turn the matter to contentiousness and strife?

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:3–4: quotation, high confidence
- Exod 12:18: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:3–4; Exod 12:18. The staged text broke this scholion over two refs (10.7–10.9); the continuation is joined here and 10.8 and 10.9 are held. The polemic against the Jews is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel saw a man clothed in linen (baddin).

### Greek text

Ἦρα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς. Προσευχόμενός φησι καὶ ἐν ἀμηχανίᾳ καθεστώς, ὅτου περ ἕνεκ᾽ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον προσευχόμενος οὐδὲ μιᾶς ἔτυχεν ἀποκρίσεως, ἀποτείνας τὸ ὄμμα, εἶδόν τινα ἐν ἀνδρὸς σχήματι, ἐξηλλαγμένην ἐσθῆτα παρὰ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων συνήθειαν ἠμφιεσμένον, βαδδίν· καὶ ἔστι μὲν ἡ λέξις ἑβραϊκή· ἑρμηνεύεται δὲ παρὰ μὲν τῶν ο' βύσσινον, Ἀκύλας δὲ ἐξαίρετον λέγει.

### English translation (Claude)

"I lifted my eyes." While praying, he says, and being in helplessness, because though he had prayed for so long he had received not one answer, as he raised his eyes I saw one in human form, clothed in a garment unlike what men usually wear: baddin. The word is Hebrew; the Seventy render it "fine linen," while Aquila says "special."

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:5; the renderings of the Septuagint and Aquila are cited. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The man's golden girdle and shining body are described.

### Greek text

Ἡ ὀσφὺς αὐτοῦ περιεζωσμένη ἐν χρυσίῳ ὠφάζ. Λέγει ὡς ἡ ζώνη τοῦ ὀφθέντος ἦν οἵα ἂν γένοιτο ἡ ἐκ χρυσίου καθαροῦ κατεσκευασμένη· κατὰ δὲ τοὺς ο' ὅτι τὸ λοιπὸν σῶμα παραδόξῳ τινὶ ἐσθῆτι περιβεβλημένος, εἶχέ τι καὶ φαινόμενον ἀποστίλβον καθαρῷ φωτὶ παραπλήσιον.

### English translation (Claude)

"His loins girded with gold of Uphaz." He says that the girdle of the one who appeared was such as one made of pure gold would be; but according to the Seventy, that the rest of his body, clothed in some wonderful garment, also had something visible flashing out, like pure light.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The man's face shone like lightning and his voice sounded like a crowd.

### Greek text

Ὡσεὶ ὅρασις ἀστραπῆς. Τουτέστι μαρμαῖρον ἦν καὶ ἔκλαμπρον, καὶ οἷον ἀστραπή τις ἀπεπήδα ἐδόκει τοῦ προσώπου. — Δῆλός ἐστιν ἀπορῶν τρόπον τινὰ πρὸς τὴν ἑρμηνείαν τοῦ ὀφθέντος· οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς διηγεῖται, ἀλλὰ τοῖς παραδείγμασι τὸ παράδοξον γνωρίζων. — Ἀντὶ τοῦ πάντα ἦν παράδοξα, τὸ ἔνδυμα, τὸ πρόσωπον, οἱ ὀφθαλμοί, τὸ σῶμα τὸ λοιπόν· ἦν δέ φησι πρὸς τοῖς λοιποῖς καὶ ἡ φωνὴ τῆς συνηθείας κρείττων· ἐδόκει γὰρ οὐχ ὡς παρ᾽ ἑνὸς ἀφίεσθαι, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς πλήθους διαθορυβοῦντος καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους διαλεγομένου, μᾶλλον δὲ βοῶντος καὶ παράδοξόν τινα τὸν ἦχον ἐκπέμποντος.

### English translation (Claude)

"Like the appearance of lightning." That is, it was gleaming and radiant, and as it were a lightning flash shone out from the face. — He is clearly at a loss in a way about the interpretation of what was seen; for he does not narrate simply, but makes known the wonder by comparisons. — Meaning: everything was wonderful, the garment, the face, the eyes, the rest of the body; and, he says, besides the rest, his voice too was above the ordinary; for it seemed to be uttered not as by one but as by a multitude making a din and talking with one another, or rather shouting and sending out a wonderful sound.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:6. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 10.13) is joined here and 10.13 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's companions prayed with him, but he alone saw the vision.

### Greek text

Εἶδον ἐγὼ Δανιὴλ μόνος. Δῆλός ἐστιν ὁ Δανιὴλ οὐ μόνος ποιούμενος τὴν ἱκεσίαν, ἀλλὰ συνεργοὺς καὶ ἑτέρους λαβών, ἢ τοὺς τρεῖς παῖδας, καὶ ἑτέρους πλείονας οὓς ὁμόφρονας ἠπίστατο· ὡς καὶ ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐπὶ τῇ ἀπορίᾳ τῆς τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ ὄψεως, εἶχε καὶ τούτους συμπράττοντας ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ, ἰσουμένους δὲ ὅμως τοῦ προκειμένου· διό μοι καὶ μόνος δοκεῖ τὸ παράδοξον ὁρᾶν.

### English translation (Claude)

"I, Daniel, alone saw." It is clear that Daniel did not make the supplication alone, but took others too as fellow workers, either the three youths or several others whom he knew to be like-minded; as at the beginning, at the perplexity over Nebuchadnezzar's vision, he had these too acting with him in prayer; yet they were equal in the matter at hand; therefore he seems to me to see the wonder alone.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:7: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 2:17–18: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:7; compare 2:17–18. The last clause is obscure; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel alone saw the vision and was overcome with fear.

### Greek text

Εἶδον τὴν ὀπτασίαν τὴν μεγάλην. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ λοιποί φησιν εἰς φυγὴν ἐτράπησαν, ἐγὼ δὲ μόνος τῆς παραδόξου ταύτης θέας τετύχηκα. — Οὐ μὴν φησὶν ἤρκεσα πρὸς τὴν θέαν· ἀλλ᾽ ὑπὸ τοῦ δέους ἐκλυόμην. — Τουτέστι τοῦ προσώπου μου ὁ χρὼς μετεβλήθη, ὃ τοῖς εἰς δέος καθισταμένοις μάλιστα συμβαίνει, ὑπὸ τοῦ φόβου καὶ τοῦ ἀγῶνος ὑποστρέφοντος πολλάκις τοῦ αἵματος, καὶ ὠχρὰν τοῦ σώματος καταλιμπάνοντος τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν. — Εἰς ταύτην φησὶν ἐλήλυθα τὴν κατάστασιν, ἤκουον αὐτοῦ διαλεγομένου. — Ἵνα εἴπῃ ὑπὸ τοῦ φόβου ὅτι οὔτε ἀτενίσαι ἐτόλμων, ἀλλὰ πρηνὴς πεσὼν ἔνευον κάτω.

### English translation (Claude)

"I saw this great vision." For the others, he says, turned to flight, but I alone obtained this wonderful sight. — Yet, he says, I was not equal to the sight, but was undone by fear. — That is, the color of my face was changed, which happens above all to those who fall into fear, the blood often drawing back from fear and anguish, and a paleness leaving its mark on the surface of the body. — He says he came into this state when he heard him speaking. — To say that from fear he did not even dare to look intently, but, falling on his face, he looked down.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:8–9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:8–9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The angel raised Daniel, beloved of God, who was humbled by fear.

### Greek text

Ἤγειρέ με. Παρεμυθεῖτό φησι τὸ δέος ὁ ὀφθείς, καὶ ἀνίστη τοῦ πτώματος. — Τουτέστιν ὑπό τε θεοῦ ἀγαπώμενε καὶ πολλὴν περὶ τὸν λαὸν ἔχων τὴν διάθεσιν. — Τουτέστιν ἀναστὰς πρόσεχε τοῖς λεγομένοις τὸν νοῦν· εἰς τοσοῦτον δὲ δέος καταστῆναι αὐτὸν συνεχώρησεν ὁ θεός, ὡς ἂν μὴ ὑπὸ τοῦ μεγέθους τῶν φαινομένων φυσηθῇ τὴν γνώμην.

### English translation (Claude)

"He raised me." The one who appeared, he says, calmed my fear and raised me from my fall. — That is, being loved by God and having great affection for the people. — That is, rise and attend to what is said; God allowed him to come into such fear so that his mind might not be puffed up by the greatness of the appearances.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:10–11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:10–11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The angel was sent by God; Daniel stood but was still afraid.

### Greek text

Νῦν ἀπεστάλην πρὸς σέ. Ἥκω γάρ φησιν οὐ παρ᾽ ἐμαυτοῦ, ἀλλὰ παρὰ θεοῦ ἀποσταλείς. — Τὸ μὲν οὖν κελευσθέν φησιν ἔπραττον καὶ διανιστάμην τοῦ πτώματος, οὐ μὴν ἀπηλλαττόμην τοῦ δέους. — Πρὸ τοῦ λόγου παραμυθεῖται, ἔτι τὴν ψυχὴν ταραττόμενον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Now I have been sent to you." I have come, he says, not of myself, but sent from God. — What was commanded, he says, I did, and I rose from my fall, but was not freed from fear. — He comforts him before the word, since he is still troubled in soul.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:11–12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:11–12. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God sent the angel from the first day of Daniel's prayer.

### Greek text

Ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας. Μὴ θαυμάσῃς φησὶν εἰ μετὰ τοσαύτας ἡμέρας ἀφικόμην, τὴν τῶν ἀπορουμένων παρέξων τὴν γνῶσιν· οὐ γὰρ ἀνεβάλετο θεός· αὐτίκα γὰρ μάλα διακονησόμενον τοῖς παρά σου δεήμασιν ἀπέσταλκεν· ἐφ᾽ ᾧ τε τῶν ζητουμένων σοι παρασχεῖν τὴν διδασκαλίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"From the first day." Do not wonder, he says, if I come after so many days to give the knowledge of what is in doubt; for God did not put it off; for he sent me at once to serve your entreaties, so as to give you the teaching of what you seek.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:12. The word rendered "entreaties" is blurred in the image (read δεήμασιν); uncertain. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-19
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius argues that the prince of Persia is not a demon but the angel set over Persia, who argued that the sinful Jews did not deserve release.

### Greek text

Ὁ ἄρχων βασιλείας περσῶν. Ἐν οἷς ὁ Δανιὴλ ἠξίου, καὶ ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄγγελος ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τὴν παράστασιν ἐποιεῖτο, ἀντέτακτο καὶ ὁ πονηρός, ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἰσχυριζόμενος εἰς τὸ κατέχεσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ περσῶν· εἴ τι γὰρ ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ κακόν, τοῦτο ἐκείνῳ δύναμις· διὸ κατὰ μόνου ἑαυτοῦ, δύναμιν οὐκ εἶναι τῷ ἄρχοντι τοῦ κόσμου φησὶν ὁ κύριος· ἔρχεται ὁ τοῦ κόσμου ἄρχων, καὶ ἔχει ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐδέν· τοῦτο ὅτι μάτην ἔπεισιν, ἔχων οὐδὲν εἰς δύναμιν· τινὲς ἄρχοντα βασιλείας περσῶν δαιμονικήν τινα λέγουσι φύσιν, σφόδρα τῆς ἀληθείας κατ᾽ ἐμὲ διαμαρτάνοντες· οὐ γὰρ ἕκαστον ἔθνος ἐφεστώσας ἔχει ἀντικειμένας δυνάμεις· ἢ γὰρ ἂν οὐδὲν χρηστὸν παρ᾽ οὐδενὶ ἐτύγχανεν· εἰ γὰρ δαίμονες μὲν ἐφεστᾶσι, κατὰ δὲ γνώμην ἅπαντα πράττουσι, βούλονται δὲ χρηστὸν οὐδέν, εὔδηλον ὡς οὐδέ τις τῶν ὑπηκόων ἔπραξεν ἄν τι κατὰ νοῦν, ἐκείνων κατ᾽ ἐξουσίαν ἀγόντων τε καὶ φερόντων τὰ πράγματα· ἄλλως τε πῶς ἂν εἴποιεν αὐτοὺς ἐφεστάναι; πότερον οἰκείᾳ γνώμῃ, ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ; καὶ πῶς; ἀλλ᾽ εἰ μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ πῶς οὐχ ὁρῶσι τὸ ἄτοπον, εἴπερ τυραννίδι δαιμόνων τὰ ἀνθρώπινα παραδέδωκε θεός; ἀλλ᾽ ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτῶν, καὶ πῶς οὐ προνοῶν θεὸς ἐλευθέρους τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καθίστη τῆς ἐκείνων δυναστείας; Καὶ μεθ᾽ ἕτερα. Εὔδηλον τοίνυν ὡς ἄρχοντα περσῶν, ἀγγελικὴν δύναμιν λέγει· ἐπείπερ καὶ ἑκάστῳ ἔθνει καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ ἄγγελος φαίνεται ἐφεστώς τε καὶ παρεδρεύων· κατὰ τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Μωϋσέως εἰρημένον, ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων θεοῦ. — Καὶ μεθ᾽ ἕτερα. Οὐκ εἶπεν ἐμαχήσατό μοι, ἀλλ᾽ οἱονεὶ ἐδικαιολογεῖτο πρός με· ὡς οὐκ εἶσαν ἄξιοι οἱ ἰουδαῖοι τῆς περσῶν ἀπαλλαγῆναι δουλείας· εὐσεβοῦντας μὲν γὰρ πάντων εἶναι κρείττους, ἄτοπον οὐδέν, ὡς Δανιὴλ καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀνανίαν γεγένηνται, καὶ οἱ τούτων προπάτορες τῆς αἰγυπτιακῆς ἀπαλλαγέντες δουλείας, καὶ τῶν ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ πάντων κατεσχηκότες· παρανομοῦντας δέ τις δίκαιος ἐξαιρήσεται λόγος; ἀλλ᾽ οὐχὶ τῇ δυνάμει τῶν κρατούντων δεήσει κρίνεσθαι τὴν ἀρχήν; τούτων τοίνυν οὕτως ἐχόντων, σκοπῶμεν τὰ κατὰ μέρος· ἀρξαμένου μὲν γάρ σου τῆς ἱκεσίας, ἀπεστάλην ἐγὼ γνωρίσων σοι, ὡς τῆς περσῶν δουλείας ἀπαλλαγήσονται οἱ ἰουδαῖοι· ἄχρι δὲ τοῦ νῦν ἕτερος ἄγγελος, ὃς τῶν περσῶν τὴν ἐπιστασίαν ἐγκεχείρισται, τῇ πρὸς ἐμὲ ἐχρήσατο δικαιολογίᾳ, οὐκ ἀξίους τῆς εὐεργεσίας ἀποφαίνων ἰουδαίους.

### English translation (Claude)

"The prince of the kingdom of the Persians." While Daniel was making his request and the good angel was standing up for him, the evil one too was ranged against him, relying on the sins of Israel so that they would be held by the Persians; for whatever evil there is in a man is power for him; which is why the Lord, speaking of himself alone, says that the ruler of the world has no power: "The ruler of the world is coming, and has nothing in me"; that is, he comes in vain, having nothing to give him power. Some say that "the prince of the kingdom of the Persians" is a demonic nature, greatly missing the truth in my view; for each nation does not have opposing powers set over it; otherwise nothing good would be found in anyone. For if demons are set over them and do everything according to their will, and want nothing good, it is clear that none of the subjects would have done anything according to their mind, since those powers lead and carry affairs by authority. Besides, how would they say these are set over them: by their own will or by God's? And how? If by God's, how do they not see the absurdity, that God has handed human affairs to the tyranny of demons? If of themselves, how does God in his providence not set men free from their domination? And after other things: It is clear, then, that by "the prince of the Persians" he means an angelic power; since an angel appears to be set over and to sit beside each nation and each man, according to what was said by Moses: "He set the bounds of the nations according to the number of the angels of God." And after other things: He did not say, "he fought against me," but rather he argued his case against me, that the Jews were not worthy to be freed from slavery to the Persians: for to say that when they are godly they are stronger than all is nothing strange, as Daniel and Hananiah's companions became, and their forefathers who were freed from slavery in Egypt and took possession of all of Palestine; but when they transgress, what just plea will rescue them? Is not their rule to be judged by the power of those who hold it? This being so, let us look at the details. When you began your supplication, I was sent to make known to you that the Jews will be freed from slavery to the Persians; but until now another angel, to whom the charge of the Persians has been entrusted, has used his plea against me, declaring the Jews unworthy of the benefit.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:13: quotation, high confidence
- John 14:30: quotation, high confidence
- Deut 32:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:13; John 14:30; Deut 32:8 (LXX: "according to the number of the angels of God"). The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 10.20) is joined here and 10.20 is held. Polychronius's angelology is translated as written. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 19–20).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.19 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):19; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-19).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Michael supported Gabriel against the Persian angel's case.

### Greek text

Ἰδοὺ Μιχαήλ. Ἀλλ᾽ ἔσχον φησὶ Μιχαὴλ τῶν ἀρχαγγέλων ἕνα συνδικαιολογούμενόν μοι τῇ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἐναντιολογίᾳ· οἱ μὲν γὰρ τῷ θείῳ προστάγματι ἐκράτουν, ὁ δὲ ταῖς ἰουδαϊκαῖς ἴσχυε πράξεσι, ἑκάτεροι δὲ τῷ θείῳ ἐχρῶντο νόμῳ· τοῦ γὰρ θεοῦ εὐσεβοῦσί τε καὶ μεταγινώσκουσιν ὑποσχομένου τὴν ἄνοδον, κρατεῖν δεῖν ἔφασκε τὸ πρόσταγμα· οὐκ ἀξίους δὲ τῆς σωτηρίας, ἀλλὰ μένειν ἐπὶ ἀλλοδαπῆς.

### English translation (Claude)

"Behold, Michael." But I had Michael, he says, one of the archangels, arguing with me in the dispute against that one. For they relied on the divine command, and he had his strength in the deeds of the Jews, and both used the divine law: for since God had promised the return to those who were godly and repented, the one said the command should prevail; the other that they were not worthy of salvation, but should remain in a foreign land.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:13. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 20.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: With Michael's help Gabriel came to Daniel.

### Greek text

Ἦλθε βοηθῆσαί μοι. Ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν φησὶν εὑρέθη τις ὁ τοῖς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν χρησόμενος λόγοις, ἥκω τὸ προσταχθὲν εἰς πέρας ἄξων.

### English translation (Claude)

"He came to help me." Since, then, he says, one was found who would use words on your behalf, I come to bring what was commanded to its fulfilment.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:13–14: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:13–14. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel confessed he was too weak with fear to listen.

### Greek text

Ἤνοιξα τὸ στόμα μου καὶ ἐλάλησα. Ὡμολόγησά φησι τὴν ἀσθένειαν· οὐ γὰρ οἷός τε ἤμην ἐπακοῦσαι τῶν τοῦ ἀγγέλου λόγων, τοῦ προσπεσόντος δέους οὐ μόνον ἀφελομένου τῶν λεγομένων τὴν σύνεσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσάν μοι τὴν κατάστασιν τρόπον τινὰ εἰς τοὐναντίον μεταβαλόντος.

### English translation (Claude)

"I opened my mouth and spoke." I confessed, he says, my weakness; for I was not able to listen to the angel's words, since the fear that fell on me not only took away the understanding of what was said, but in a way changed my whole condition into its opposite.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:16: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:16. The staged text broke this scholion into three pieces (10.23–10.25); the continuation is joined here and 10.24 and 10.25 are held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-26
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The angel's greeting of peace restored Daniel's strength.

### Greek text

Εἰρήνη σοι. Τουτέστιν οὐ πρὸς τιμωρίαν ἥκω σοι· ἔχεις γὰρ πολλὴν τὴν πρὸς θεὸν παρρησίαν· πίστιν δὲ τῶν λεγομένων, τὴν παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ σοι διδομένην δύναμιν λάβε. — Ἤρκεσέ φησιν αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσταγμα λῦσαι τὴν ἀσθένειαν. — Ὅθεν φησὶν οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐπετράπην τοὺς λόγους, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἱκέτευον ἀκοῦσαι ὧν ἧκε διακονησόμενος λόγων.

### English translation (Claude)

"Peace to you." That is, I do not come to punish you; for you have great confidence before God; and receive from me the power given to you to believe what is said. — The command, he says, was enough to dissolve his weakness. — Hence, he says, I not only permitted the words, but begged to hear what he had come to serve.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:19: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:19. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 10.27) is joined here and 10.27 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.26 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-26).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Gabriel confirms that the prince of Persia opposed him.

### Greek text

Εἰ οἶδας ἵνα τί ἦλθον; Τουτέστιν ἄκουσον τῶν λεγομένων, ἐπειδήπερ ἀγνοεῖς, καὶ βούλει ἀκοῦσαι τὰ ἐσόμενα. — Ἴσθι φησὶν ὡς ἀληθῆ τὰ ἤδη πρότερον πρὸς ἐμοῦ εἰρημένα, ὡς ὁ τῶν περσῶν ἄρχων ἀνθίστατο.

### English translation (Claude)

"Do you know why I came?" That is, listen to what is said, since you do not know and wish to hear what will be. — Know, he says, that what I said before is true: that the prince of the Persians opposed me.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:20: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:20. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 29

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-29
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The prince of Greece also argued against the return of Jews unwilling to return.

### Greek text

Ὁ ἄρχων τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἤρχετο. Ἀλλὰ κἀκεῖνόν φησι παρελθὼν εὕρισκον πάλιν ἀνθιστάμενον τὸν τῶν ἑλλήνων ἄρχοντα· ἦσαν γὰρ οὐ μόνον ἐν Περσίδι ἀπῳκισμένοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα· ἐδικαιολογοῦντο γάρ φησι πρός με, ὡς οὐ δίκαιοί εἰσιν ἐπανελθεῖν, τῆς μὲν προθεσμίας καλούσης τὴν ἐπάνοδον, ἐκείνων δὲ οὐκ ἐπιθυμούντων.

### English translation (Claude)

"The prince of the Greeks was coming." But passing that one too, he says, I found again opposing me the prince of the Greeks; for they had been settled not only in Persia but also in Greece; for he argued with me that it was not just for them to return, since the appointed time was calling for the return, but they did not desire it.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:20: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:20. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.29 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-29).

## Commentary on Daniel 10, scholion 30

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/9-1/#p-10-30
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: No one among the people supports Gabriel except Michael.

### Greek text

Ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἀπαγγελῶ σοι. Ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως φησὶ τὸ μετὰ ἀληθείας πάντως ἐσόμενον ἥκω σοι ἀπαγγέλλων. Οὐκ ἔστιν εἷς. Οὐ γὰρ εὑρίσκεταί τις ἐν τῷ λαῷ ἱκετεύων τὸν θεὸν τυχεῖν τῆς ἀνόδου, καὶ διὰ τῆς μετανοίας συμπράττων· ἀλλὰ συνεφάπτεταί μοι φησὶν ὁ Μιχαὴλ τούτων μαχομένων, ὥστε τρόπον τινὰ καὶ ἄκοντας τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας αὐτοὺς ἐξαγαγεῖν.

### English translation (Claude)

"But I will tell you." Yet, he says, I have come to tell you what will certainly happen, in truth. "There is no one." For no one is found among the people begging God to obtain the return and working with me through repentance; but Michael fights on my side, while these resist, so as in a way to lead them out of captivity even against their will.

### Scripture references

- Dan 10:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 10:21. The staged text breaks off after the first words; the rest of the scholion and the next lemma ("There is no one") are restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 20.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 10.30 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/10-30).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius dates the vision to Cyrus's first year.

### Greek text

Ἐν ἔτει πρώτῳ Κύρου. Ταῦτα δέ φησιν ἐγένετο κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον ἔτος Κύρου τοῦ περσῶν ἄρξαντος· τότε γὰρ ἐγώ τε ἱκέτευα μὴ πρότερον τροφῆς μεταλαβεῖν, εἰ μὴ πρότερον τῆς ὀπτασίας ἀξιωθῶ καὶ ἔτυχον τῶν εἰρημένων· οὐκοῦν εὔδηλον ὡς οὐ κατὰ τὸ τρίτον ἔτος Κύρου, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον τὴν ὀπτασίαν εἶδεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"In the first year of Cyrus." These things, he says, happened in the first year of Cyrus, ruler of the Persians; for then I begged not to take food until I had first been counted worthy of the vision and obtained what was said; so it is clear that he saw the vision not in the third year of Cyrus but in the first.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:1: quotation, medium confidence
- Dan 10:1: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:1 (compare 10:1). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The angel promises a true account.

### Greek text

Ἀλήθειαν ἀναγγελῶ. Τουτέστι τῆς βραδύτητος τὴν αἰτίαν φήσας ὁ ἄγγελος ὑπέσχετό μοι μετὰ ἀληθείας ὧν ᾔτησα τὴν γνῶσιν εὑρεῖν.

### English translation (Claude)

"I will tell you the truth." That is, having stated the cause of the delay, the angel promised me to find with truth the knowledge of what I asked.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:2: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:2. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 3

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-3
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The three kings are Cyrus, Cambyses, and the magi.

### Greek text

Ἔτι τρεῖς βασιλεῖς. Ἴσθι φησὶν ὡς τρεῖς ἔσονται μετὰ τοῦτον· λέγει δὲ Κῦρον καὶ Καμβύσην καὶ τῶν μάγων ἀρχήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Three more kings." Know, he says, that there will be three after this one; he means Cyrus, Cambyses, and the rule of the magi.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:2: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:2. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.3 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-3).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The mighty king is Alexander.

### Greek text

Ἀναστήσεται βασιλεὺς δυνατός. Συμφώνως ἔφασαν τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον, ὃν τράγῳ παρείκασεν ἔμπροσθεν ἐν τῇ ὀπτασίᾳ.

### English translation (Claude)

"A mighty king will arise." He spoke in agreement of Alexander, whom he likened to a he-goat earlier in the vision.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:3: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 8:5: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:3; compare 8:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander will do as he pleases.

### Greek text

Ποιήσει κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ. Ἅπαντα γάρ φησι διαπράξεται κατὰ βούλησιν ἰδίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will do according to his will." For he will accomplish everything, he says, according to his own wish.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander's kingdom was broken up and did not pass to his descendants.

### Greek text

Συντριβήσεται. Ἅμα τε γὰρ κατεστήσατο τὴν βασιλείαν, πέπτωκε, καὶ ἡ βασιλεία διῃρέθη. — Ἀντὶ τοῦ, οὐ μετὰ τελευτὴν αὐτοῦ· ἔτι γὰρ ζῶν διένειμε τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ εἰς τέσσαρας ἀρχάς. — Ἀντὶ τοῦ, οὐκ εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν βασιλεύοντα δόξα ἥξει· ἐπεὶ μὴ δὲ γένει προσήκοντες ἦσαν αὐτῷ. — Τουτέστιν ἀφανισθήσεται, οὐδὲ εἰς ἐκγόνους αὐτοῦ χωρήσει.

### English translation (Claude)

"It will be broken." For as soon as he had established the kingdom, he fell, and the kingdom was divided. — Meaning, not after his death; for while still alive he divided his kingdom into four principalities. — Meaning, glory will not come to the one reigning; since they were not related to him by family. — That is, it will be done away with, and will not pass to his descendants.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:4. Polychronius's statement that Alexander divided his kingdom while still alive is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):20; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius identifies the king of the south with Ptolemy, who seized the kingdom of his son-in-law Alexander.

### Greek text

Ἐνισχύσει ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ νότου. Περὶ Πτολεμαίου λέγει τοῦ κρατήσαντος τῆς βασιλείας Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ γαμβροῦ αὐτοῦ, ὃς ἦν ἔγγονος Ἀντιόχου τοῦ ἐπιφανοῦς· οὗτος δὲ ἐκράτει τῆς Ἀσίας καὶ Συρίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"The king of the south will grow strong." He speaks of Ptolemy, who took over the kingdom of Alexander his son-in-law, who was a descendant of Antiochus Epiphanes; and this man ruled Asia and Syria.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:5: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:1-13 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:5. Here and in what follows Polychronius reads the kings of the south and north as the Ptolemies and Seleucids of the second century BC (Ptolemy VI, Alexander Balas, Demetrius); his history is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 21.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy took Alexander's realm unopposed.

### Greek text

Εἷς τῶν ἀρχόντων. Τουτέστιν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων Ἀλεξάνδρου τὴν ἰσχὺν ἕξει Πτολεμαῖος· πάντων γὰρ ὡς κηδεστῇ ὑποπτευόντων, τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐπελάβετο· ἵνα οὖν εἴπῃ ὅτι οὐδενὸς τῶν ἀρχόντων Ἀλεξάνδρου ἀνθισταμένου καθέξει.

### English translation (Claude)

"One of the princes." That is, Ptolemy will have strength over the princes of Alexander; for as a kinsman, with all suspecting nothing, he took hold of the rule; to say that he will hold it with none of Alexander's princes resisting.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy ruled Egypt, Asia, and Alexander's kingdom.

### Greek text

Κυριεύσει κυρείαν πολλήν. Πρὸς γὰρ τῇ Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν κατέσχε, καὶ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου βασιλείαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will rule a great dominion." For besides Egypt he held Asia too, and the kingdom of Alexander.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:5: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:5. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander Balas sought marriage alliance with Ptolemy.

### Greek text

Μετὰ τὰ ἔτη αὐτοῦ συμμιγήσονται. Χρόνοις δέ φησιν ὕστερον τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀσπάσονται συγγένειαν· μετὰ γὰρ τὸ νικῆσαι τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον Δημήτριον, πέμψας πρὸς τὸν Πτολεμαῖον εἰς τὴν Αἴγυπτον, ἐπιγαμβρεύειν αὐτῷ ἠξίου.

### English translation (Claude)

"After his years they will make an alliance." Later in time, he says, they will embrace kinship with one another; for after Alexander had defeated Demetrius, he sent to Ptolemy in Egypt and asked to become his son-in-law.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:6: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 10:51-58 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:6; compare 1 Macc 10:51–58. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius gives two readings: Berenice's marriage to Antiochus II, or Ptolemy's daughter's marriage to Alexander.

### Greek text

Ἡ θυγάτηρ βασιλέως τοῦ νότου. Οὗτος ὁ δεύτερος εἶναι δοκεῖ Πτολεμαῖος, ὁ φιλάδελφος ὀνομασθείς, ὁ τὰ βιβλία τῶν ἑλλήνων συναγαγών, καὶ τὰ ἑβραίων μετὰ τούτων, ὃς τὴν θυγατέρα Βερονίκην ἐκδίδωσιν Ἀντιόχῳ τῷ Συρίας, βασιλεὺς τρίτος ὢν ἀπὸ Σελεύκου τοῦ νικάτορος· ὃς ἐγεγαμήκει μὲν Λαοδίκην, καὶ παιδοποιεῖ τόν τε Σέλευκον καὶ Ἀντίγονον ἐξ αὐτῆς· ἐν παλλακίδος δὲ τόπῳ ταύτην ἐσχηκὼς φύσας, γάμῳ τὴν Βερονίκην ἠγάγετο κοινωνὸν τῆς βασιλείας· ἡ δὲ ἐπιγαμία πρὸς τὴν τοῦ Πτολεμαίου κατάπαυσιν ἐγίνετο. — Βασιλεία νότου Πτολεμαῖον λέγει· τοῦ δὲ βορρᾶ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον· ἐν γὰρ Ἀντιοχείᾳ ἐκαθέζετο· ἵνα οὖν εἴπῃ ὅτι καταγγυήσει Ἀλεξάνδρῳ Πτολεμαῖος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θυγατέρα.

### English translation (Claude)

"The daughter of the king of the south." This seems to be the second Ptolemy, named Philadelphus, who collected the books of the Greeks and, with them, those of the Hebrews; who gave his daughter Berenice in marriage to Antiochus of Syria, the third king from Seleucus Nicator; who had married Laodice, and had children by her, Seleucus and Antigonus; but, having kept her in the place of a concubine, he took Berenice in marriage as a partner of the kingdom; and the intermarriage brought an end to the war with Ptolemy. — He calls Ptolemy's kingdom "south" and Alexander's "north"; for he resided in Antioch; to say, then, that Ptolemy will betroth his own daughter to Alexander.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:6: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Let. Aris. (Letter of Aristeas): allusion, low confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:6. The first reading (Ptolemy II Philadelphus, patron of the translation of the Hebrew books; Berenice and Antiochus II) is the one found in other commentators; the second follows Polychronius's own scheme. Both are translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 13

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-13
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander sought Ptolemy's alliance to secure his kingdom.

### Greek text

Τοῦ ποιῆσαι συνθήκας αὐτοῦ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡττήθη ὑπὸ Δημητρίου τοῦ Σελεύκου, ἀνεμαχέσατο δὲ τὴν ἧτταν μετὰ τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτήν, καὶ τῶν ἁπάντων ἐκράτει· ὡς ἂν αὐτῷ καὶ κατὰ τῶν ἐπανισταμένων ἀκαταγώνιστος ἡ βασιλεία μόνη, τὴν πρὸς τὸν αἰγύπτιον ἑαυτῷ ἐμνηστεύσατο συγγένειαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"To make his agreements." For since he had been defeated by Demetrius son of Seleucus, but had won back the defeat after his death, and ruled over all, so that his kingdom alone would be uncontested even against those who rose up, he sought for himself kinship with the Egyptian.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:6. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.13 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-13).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The alliance broke down in strife.

### Greek text

Οὐ κρατήσει ἰσχύος βραχίονος. Ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως φησὶ καὶ τούτων γινομένων, οὐχ ὁμονοήσουσιν· ἐστασίασαν γὰρ πρὸς ἀλλήλους.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will not retain the strength of the arm." Yet, he says, even when these things happen, they will not agree; for they fell into strife with one another.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:6. The staged text broke this scholion at the end of a line; the rest is in the image and is joined here. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Cleopatra was taken from Alexander and given to Demetrius, while Ptolemy seized Alexander's cities.

### Greek text

Οὐ στήσεται τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ. Ἀλεξάνδρου λέγει ἐκ Κλεοπάτρας· ἀποσπᾶται γὰρ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, καὶ δίδοται Δημητρίῳ ἐφεδρεύοντι αὐτοῦ τῇ βασιλείᾳ. — Ὁ γὰρ Πτολεμαῖος ὡς τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου ὢν κηδεστής, δόλῳ κατέσχε τὴν βασιλείαν· ὡς μὲν γὰρ πρὸς φίλον καὶ γαμβρὸν ἀφικνεῖτο· ἐν ἑκάστῃ δὲ πόλει τῶν Ἀλεξάνδρου παριών, φρουρὰν ἑαυτῷ κατελίμπανεν· ἐγύμνωσε δὲ τὴν γνώμην εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν εἰσελθών.

### English translation (Claude)

"His seed will not stand." He means the child of Alexander by Cleopatra; for she is taken away from him and given to Demetrius, who lay in wait for his kingdom. — For Ptolemy, being Alexander's kinsman, held the kingdom by deceit; for he came as to a friend and son-in-law, but in each city of Alexander that he passed he left a garrison for himself; and he made his intention plain when he entered Antioch.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:6: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:1-13 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:6; compare 1 Macc 11:1–13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Through Cleopatra, Ptolemy brought down Alexander.

### Greek text

Ἡ νεᾶνις καὶ ὁ κατισχύων αὐτήν. Ἀντὶ τοῦ, ταύτης δὲ περιγενόμενος, καὶ τὸν ἐκ τοῦ κρατεῖν ἰσχύοντα τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον καθαιρήσει.

### English translation (Claude)

"The young woman and the one who strengthened her." Meaning, prevailing through her, he will also bring down Alexander, who was strong in ruling.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:6. The staged text broke this scholion at a line; its continuation (staged as 11.17) is joined here and 11.17 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: These events lie in the future.

### Greek text

Ἐν ταῖς καιροῖς. Σημαίνει τὸ μετὰ χρόνον ταῦτα συμβήσεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"In the times." It signifies that these things will happen after a time.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:6: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:6. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-19
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'flower' is Ptolemy's daughter.

### Greek text

Ἀναστήσεται ἐκ τοῦ ἄνθους. Ταῦτα δέ φησι διαπράξεται ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ τὴν θυγατέρα· ἄνθος γὰρ ῥίζης αὐτῶν λέγει, διὰ τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους φιλίαν ἀπὸ τῶν γάμων.

### English translation (Claude)

"One will rise from the flower." Ptolemy, he says, will do these things on account of what concerned his daughter; for he calls her the flower of their root, because of their friendship with one another from the marriage.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:7: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:7. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.19 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-19).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 20

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-20
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy feigned goodwill at the wedding, then expelled Alexander.

### Greek text

Ἐπὶ τῆς ἑτοιμασίας αὐτοῦ. Ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς περὶ τὴν ἔκδοσιν παρασκευῆς· ὡς ἡσθεὶς τῇ τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου κηδείᾳ Πτολεμαῖος πλείστην τὴν περὶ τοὺς γάμους παρασκευὴν ἐπεδείξατο· ἐξ ὧν καὶ πίστιν εὐνοίας παρασχόμενος, τῆς βασιλείας ἐξήλασε τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον.

### English translation (Claude)

"On his preparation." Meaning, from the preparation for the giving in marriage; as if pleased by the kinship with Alexander, Ptolemy displayed very great preparation for the wedding; by which, having given proof of his goodwill, he drove Alexander from the kingdom.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:7: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:7. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.20 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-20).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy took Alexander's forces and cities by deceit.

### Greek text

Ἥξει πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν. Τουτέστιν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος κατὰ δόλον ἀφίξεται πρὸς τὰς τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου δυνάμεις· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τῶν πόλεων ἐκράτησεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will come to the army." That is, Ptolemy will come by deceit to Alexander's forces; for so he gained control of the cities too.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:7: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:7. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy seized Antioch and defeated Alexander, who fled to Arabia.

### Greek text

Πρὸς τὰ ὑποστηρίγματα τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ βορρᾶ. Ὑποστηρίγματα τὴν βασιλίδα πόλιν ἐκάλεσεν Ἀντιόχειαν, ἥτις ἅπαντα τόν τε βασιλικὸν πλοῦτον καὶ τὰς δυνάμεις ἐν αὐτῇ εἶχεν· ὡς γὰρ τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις διελθών, μετὰ δόλου ἐκείνης ἐπελάβετο Πτολεμαῖος, δεύτερον διάδημα περιετίθετο, ὡς καὶ τῆς Ἀσίας κρατῶν ἧς ἦρχεν ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος· ὅπερ ἐπὶ τῆς Κιλικίας ἐγνωκὼς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, αὐτόθι γὰρ ἔτυχε διατρίβων, σπεύδει ἐπὶ τὸν Πτολεμαῖον, καὶ μάχῃ ἡττηθείς, φυγὰς εἰς Ἀρραβίαν ἐγίνετο. — Πρὸς γὰρ τὴν ἀκοὴν ταραχθεὶς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, ὥρμησεν εἰς πόλεμον. — Τουτέστιν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος· νικήσας γὰρ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον, ἄμαχον τὴν κατὰ πάντων ἔσχηκεν ἀρχήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"To the strongholds of the king of the north." He called the royal city of Antioch "strongholds," which had all the royal wealth and the forces in it; for having passed through the other cities, Ptolemy seized it by deceit and put on a second diadem, as ruling Asia too, over which Alexander had ruled; who was in Cilicia, for he happened to be staying there, and learning of it, hastened against Ptolemy, and, defeated in battle, fled to Arabia. — For, disturbed at the report, Alexander rushed into war. — That is, Ptolemy; for having conquered Alexander, he held unchallenged rule over all.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:7: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:13-17 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:7; compare 1 Macc 11:13–17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy carried off the treasures of the temples and the king to Egypt.

### Greek text

Τοὺς θεοὺς αὐτῶν καταστρέψει. Ὅσα γὰρ ἦν τίμια κειμήλια, ἢ ἐν ἱεροῖς ἀποκείμενα, ἢ ὡς βασιλεῖ τεθησαυρισμένα, τῆς βασιλείας κατασχὼν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος, ἅπαντα λαβὼν εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἔπεμψεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will overturn their gods." For whatever valuable treasures there were, or offerings stored in temples, or treasures laid up for the king, Ptolemy, having taken the kingdom, took them all and sent them to Egypt.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:8. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon made Alexander's son king and routed Demetrius.

### Greek text

Ἀναστρέψει εἰς τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ. Τουτέστι τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου. Τρύφων γὰρ Ἀντίοχον τὸν τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου παῖδα εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν καταστήσας κατὰ τὰς τοῦ πατρὸς ἐντολάς, συμβαλὼν τῷ Δημητρίῳ, φυγάδα πεποίηκεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will return to his land." That is, Alexander's. For Tryphon, having set Antiochus, Alexander's son, on the throne according to his father's instructions, engaged Demetrius and put him to flight.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:9: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:39-56 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:9; compare 1 Macc 11:39–56. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 25

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-25
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon and the young Antiochus raised an army against Demetrius.

### Greek text

Καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ συνάξουσιν ὄχλον. Ἀντὶ τοῦ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀντίοχον καὶ Τρύφωνα· θεασάμενος γὰρ ὁ Τρύφων ὅτι τὸ στρατόπεδον πονηρῶς περὶ τὸν Δημήτριον διακείμενον, πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐστασίασε, συναγαγὼν δυνάμεις, τόν τε Ἀντίοχον ἐβασίλευσε καὶ ἐπεστράτευσε τῷ Δημητρίῳ. — Τουτέστι μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ὁρμῆς ἐξήει ἐπὶ τὸν Δημήτριον, καὶ ἔσται αὐτῷ φοβερός.

### English translation (Claude)

"And his sons will gather a multitude." Meaning, Antiochus and Tryphon; for Tryphon, seeing that the army was badly disposed toward Demetrius, raised a revolt against him, gathered forces, made Antiochus king, and marched against Demetrius. — That is, he will go out with great vigor against Demetrius, and will be fearsome to him.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:10: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:39-40 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.25 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-25).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-26
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: They defeated Demetrius and held Alexander's kingdom.

### Greek text

Συμπροσπλακήσεται. Τουτέστιν ἀφικόμενοι συμπλακήσονται αὐτῷ, καὶ ἡττήσαντες καθέξουσι τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς Ἀλεξάνδρου βασιλείαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will engage." That is, coming, they will engage him, and, defeating him, will hold the kingdom of the father, Alexander.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:11: quotation, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:10–11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.26 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-26).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 27

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-27
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The attack used all his strength.

### Greek text

Ἕως τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ. Τουτέστι σὺν πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ, ἤτοι ἕως πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ κινήσει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Up to his strength." That is, with all his power, or he will move up to all his power.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.27 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-27).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius identifies the enraged king with the Demetrius who fought Alexander Balas before his marriage to Cleopatra.

### Greek text

Ἀγριανθήσεται βασιλεὺς τοῦ νότου. Οὗτος δέ ἐστι πατὴρ Δημητρίου τοῦ γήμαντος Κλεοπάτραν τὴν Πτολεμαίου μὲν θυγατέρα, γυναῖκα δὲ αὐτοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου, καὶ διαδεξαμένου τούτου τὰς βασιλείας· ὁ τοίνυν, φησί, Δημήτριος ὁ Σελεύκου ἐξελεύσεται καὶ πολεμήσει μετὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ βορρᾶ· πρὸ γὰρ τοῦ γῆμαι τὴν Κλεοπάτραν ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, ἐπολέμησε μετὰ Δημητρίου τοῦ πατρὸς μὲν Δημητρίου, υἱοῦ δὲ Σελεύκου· καὶ ἡττηθεὶς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἔφυγε· καὶ μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν τὸν Δημήτριον, ἀνατρέχει εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτοῦ ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος· καὶ ἄμαχον εὑρηκὼς τὴν βασιλείαν, οὕτω λαμβάνει τὴν θυγατέρα Πτολεμαίου εἰς γυναῖκα.

### English translation (Claude)

"The king of the south will be enraged." This is the father of Demetrius who married Cleopatra, the daughter of Ptolemy and wife of Alexander; and after he succeeded to the kingdom, Demetrius son of Seleucus, he says, will go out and make war with Alexander, the king of the north. For before marrying Cleopatra, Alexander made war with Demetrius, father of Demetrius and son of Seleucus; and Alexander was defeated and fled; and after Demetrius died, Alexander ran back to his rule, and, finding the kingdom uncontested, thus took Ptolemy's daughter as wife.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:11: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 10:48-58 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:11. The staged text broke this scholion over a page (11.28–11.30); the continuation is joined here and 11.29 and 11.30 are held. Polychronius's history is translated as written. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 21–22).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):21; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 31

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-31
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius prepared for war.

### Greek text

Πολεμήσει μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ βορρᾶ. Τουτέστι Δημήτριος μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς παρασκευῆς εἰς πόλεμον καταστήσει.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will fight with the king of the north." That is, Demetrius will make ready for war with great preparation.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:11. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 22.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.31 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-31).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 32

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-32
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander's army fell to Demetrius.

### Greek text

Στήσει ὄχλον πολύν. Τουτέστιν ὁ ὄχλος Ἀλεξάνδρου παραδίδοται ἐν χειρὶ Δημητρίου ὡς νικήσαντος, καὶ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον ἐξελάσαντος τῆς χώρας.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will raise a great multitude." That is, the multitude of Alexander is handed over into the hand of Demetrius, as he conquered and drove Alexander out of the country.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.32 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-32).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 33

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-33
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius became master of all.

### Greek text

Λήψεται ὄχλον. Τουτέστιν ἐγκρατὴς πάντων γενήσεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will take the multitude." That is, he will become master of all.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:12. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.33 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-33).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 34

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-34
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius grew proud.

### Greek text

Ὑψωθήσεται ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ. Τουτέστι μεγάλα φρονήσει ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ.

### English translation (Claude)

"His heart will be lifted up." That is, he will think highly of himself over the victory.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:12. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.34 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-34).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 35

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-35
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius died soon after his victory.

### Greek text

Οὐ κατισχύσει. Τουτέστιν ὁ Δημήτριος καὶ μετὰ τὴν νίκην οὐ καθέξει τὴν ἀρχήν· μετὰ γὰρ τὸ περιγενέσθαι Ἀλεξάνδρου, καὶ ἐπιλαβέσθαι τῆς ἀρχῆς τελευτᾷ οὐ πολλὰς βιώσας ἡμέρας.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will not prevail." That is, Demetrius, even after the victory, will not hold the rule; for after prevailing over Alexander and taking hold of the rule, he dies, having lived not many days.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:12: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:12. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.35 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-35).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 36

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-36
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander returned against Demetrius's son.

### Greek text

Ἐπιστρέψει ὁ βασιλεύς. Εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν γὰρ κατασταθεὶς ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, συνάξας δύναμιν πολλήν, ὥρμησε κατὰ τοῦ Δημητρίου, τοῦ Δημητρίου υἱοῦ, βασιλεύσαντος μετὰ τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς τελευτήν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The king will return." For Alexander, restored to the rule, gathered a great force and rushed against Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, who reigned after his father's death.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.36 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-36).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 37

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-37
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The younger Demetrius attacked Alexander.

### Greek text

Εἰς τὸ τέλος τῶν καιρῶν. Τουτέστι μετὰ τὴν Δημητρίου τοῦ Σελεύκου τελευτήν, Δημήτριος ὁ τούτου υἱὸς συναγαγὼν δύναμιν ὥρμησε κατὰ τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου.

### English translation (Claude)

"At the end of the times." That is, after the death of Demetrius son of Seleucus, Demetrius his son gathered a force and rushed against Alexander.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.37 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-37).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 38

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-38
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Those who rose up are Jonathan and the Maccabees against Demetrius.

### Greek text

Πολλοὶ ἐπαναστήσονται ἐπὶ βασιλέα τοῦ νότου. Τουτέστι τοὺς περὶ Ἰωνάθαν τοὺς μακκαβαίους πολεμήσαντας Δημητρίῳ τῷ Σελεύκου, ἐπιχειρήσαντι αὐτοὺς πολιορκῆσαι μετὰ τὸ βασιλεῦσαι· κατὰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν Ἰούδας τε ὁ μακκαβαῖος ἀπέθανε· πολλὰς μὲν ἄλλας νίκας κατωρθωκώς, ἐν δὲ τῇ πρὸς Βακχίδην καὶ Ἄλκιμον μάχῃ τελευτήσας· μεθ᾽ ὃν Ἰωνάθας τὴν ἀρχὴν δεξάμενος, πολλῆς τῆς τῶν ὁμοφύλων ἐπειράσθη κακίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"Many will rise up against the king of the south." That is, Jonathan and the Maccabees, who made war on Demetrius son of Seleucus when he tried to besiege them after becoming king; for at that time Judas the Maccabee died, having accomplished many other victories but ending his life in the battle against Bacchides and Alcimus; after whom Jonathan, taking over the rule, experienced much wickedness from his kinsmen.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:14: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 9:1-31 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:14; compare 1 Macc 9:1–31. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.38 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-38).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 39

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-39
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'pestilent' are Jewish enemies who plotted against Jonathan.

### Greek text

Οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν λοιμῶν. Υἱοὺς λοιμῶν τοὺς ἐν τῷ λαῷ πονηροὺς λέγει· τούτων τε γὰρ γινομένων, ὡς εἶδον κατὰ νοῦν χωρήσαντα τὸν Ἰωνάθαν τὰ πράγματα, θάνατον κατεσκεύαζον τὸν Ἰωνάθαν, οὐ φέροντες τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τὴν εὐημερίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The sons of the pestilent." He calls "sons of the pestilent" the wicked among the people; for these, when things were happening, as they saw affairs going well for Jonathan, plotted the death of Jonathan, not bearing the man's prosperity.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:14: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 9:58-61 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:14; compare 1 Macc 9:58–61. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.39 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-39).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 40

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-40
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The plot against Jonathan failed.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἀσθενήσουσι. Οὐ γὰρ κρατήσει αὐτῶν ἡ γνώμη.

### English translation (Claude)

"And they will be weak." For their purpose will not prevail.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:14: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:14. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.40 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-40).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 41

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-41
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius's forces passed to Alexander.

### Greek text

Οἱ βραχίονες τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ νότου. Τουτέστι τοῦ Δημητρίου αἱ δυνάμεις· μετὰ γὰρ τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτήν, τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου γεγόνασιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The arms of the king of the south." That is, the forces of Demetrius; for after his death they came to Alexander.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:15: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:15. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.41 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-41).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 42

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-42
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: No one resisted Alexander.

### Greek text

Οὐ στήσονται. Τουτέστιν οὐδένα ἔχει ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος τὸν ἀντιπίπτοντα.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will not stand." That is, Alexander has no one to resist him.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:15: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:15. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.42 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-42).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 43

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-43
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander sought to possess the whole kingdom.

### Greek text

Εἰσελθεῖν ἐν ἰσχύϊ πάσης τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ. Μετὰ τὸν Δημητρίου τοῦ Σελεύκου θάνατον, σπουδαζόμενος πάσης τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτοῦ ἐν καθέξει γίνεσθαι.

### English translation (Claude)

"To come in with the strength of all his kingdom." After the death of Demetrius son of Seleucus, eager that all his rule should be in his possession.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:17. The staged text broke this scholion at a line; its last word (staged as 11.44) is joined here and 11.44 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.43 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-43).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 45

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-45
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander made a treaty with Ptolemy.

### Greek text

Εὐθεῖα πάντα μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ποιήσει. Τουτέστι κατὰ νοῦν ἅπαντα διαπράττεται· Δημητρίου γὰρ τοῦ Σελεύκου καθαιρεθέντος, τὴν πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον συνθήκην ἐκύρωσεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will do everything right with him." That is, he will accomplish everything according to his mind; for when Demetrius son of Seleucus had been brought down, he ratified the treaty with Ptolemy.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.45 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-45).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 46

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-46
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy betrothed his daughter to Alexander.

### Greek text

Θυγατέρα δώσει αὐτῷ. Ἀντὶ τοῦ ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἑτοίμως δέξεται τὴν παρὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου πρεσβείαν, καὶ καταγγυήσει αὐτῷ τὴν αὐτοῦ θυγατέρα.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will give him a daughter." Meaning, Ptolemy will readily receive the embassy from Alexander and betroth his daughter to him.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:17: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.46 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-46).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 47

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-47
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander went to Cilicia to put down a revolt.

### Greek text

Εἰς τὰς νήσους. Νῆσον ὡς παράλιον οὖσαν τὴν Κιλικίαν ἐκάλεσεν. — Ἀπελεύσεταί φησιν αὐτόθι μετὰ πολλὰ κατορθώματα· κρατήσας γὰρ τοῦ Δημητρίου, καὶ τὴν λοιπὴν καταστησάμενος ἀρχήν, καὶ βεβαιωσάμενος ταύτην τῇ πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον φιλίᾳ, ὡς ᾤετο, οὕτως ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ Κιλικίας, παραστησόμενος τοὺς αὐτόθι ταράττοντας.

### English translation (Claude)

"To the islands." He called Cilicia an island as being coastal. — He will go there, he says, after many successes; for having conquered Demetrius, settled the rest of the rule, and confirmed it, as he thought, by his friendship with Ptolemy, he then set out for Cilicia to subdue those making trouble there.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:18: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:14 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:18; compare 1 Macc 11:14. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.47 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-47).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 48

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-48
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander sought to silence those who mocked his earlier defeat.

### Greek text

Καταπαύσει ἄρχοντας ὀνειδισμοῦ. Παύσας γὰρ τοὺς ὀνειδίσαντας αὐτῷ τὴν ἐπὶ Δημητρίου τοῦ Σελεύκου ἧτταν, ἀφίκετο· ὡς τῇ παρούσῃ ἀνδρείᾳ κρύψων τὴν προλαβοῦσαν δυσημερίαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will stop the rulers of reproach." For he came to stop those who reproached him for his defeat by Demetrius son of Seleucus, so as to hide his earlier misfortune by his present bravery.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.48 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-48).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 49

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-49
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander's reproach returned when Ptolemy overthrew him.

### Greek text

Ὀνειδισμὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπιστρέψει αὐτῷ. Ἀλλ᾽ εἰ καὶ Κίλικας φησὶν ὑποτάξει ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ὀνειδίσαντας αὐτῷ, οὐ μὴν διαφεύξεται αὐτὸς τούτων τὸν ὀνειδισμόν· ὑπὸ γὰρ Πτολεμαίου καθῃρέθη κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκεῖνον, ἐπιβάντος τε τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου βασιλείας, καὶ ἃ προλαβὼν ἔφην διαπραξαμένου.

### English translation (Claude)

"His reproach will return to him." But even if Alexander subdues the Cilicians who reproached him, he says, he himself will not escape their reproach; for he was brought down by Ptolemy at that time, as Ptolemy laid hold of Alexander's kingdom and did what I said before.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:18: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.49 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-49).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 50

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-50
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Alexander hurried back to fight Ptolemy but was beaten.

### Greek text

Ἐπιστρέψει κ. τ. λ. Περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου λέγει· ἀκούσας γὰρ ὅτι Πτολεμαῖος ὁ πενθερὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ γενόμενος ἐπελάβετο αὐτοῦ τῆς ἀρχῆς, τοὺς Κίλικας ἐάσας, ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν ἔσπευσεν ὡς πολεμήσων τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ. — Οὐ μὴν φησὶ περιέσται τοῦ Πτολεμαίου, ἀλλ᾽ ἥττων αὐτοῦ εἰς ἰσχὺν ὀφθείς, φυγάς τε καταστασθήσεται, καὶ ἔργον τῆς ἑτέρου γενήσεται δεξιᾶς.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will turn back," and so on. He speaks of the same Alexander; for hearing that Ptolemy his father-in-law had come to Antioch and taken hold of his rule, he left the Cilicians and hastened to Antioch to make war on Ptolemy. — But he will not prevail over Ptolemy, he says, but, seen to be weaker than him in strength, will be made a fugitive and will become the work of the other's right hand.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:19: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:15-17 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:19; compare 1 Macc 11:15–17. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.50 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-50).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 51

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-51
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy broke faith out of desire for Alexander's kingdom.

### Greek text

Παραβιβάζων. Ταῦτα δέ φησι ποιήσει, παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον πράττων, καὶ παρασπονδῶν τὰς πρὸς τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον συνθήκας, ἐπιθυμίᾳ τοῦ κατασχεῖν τὴν αὐτοῦ βασιλείαν, καὶ εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἐκείνου μεταστῆσαι σπουδάζων δόξαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Passing over." He will do these things, he says, acting against what is just and violating the treaty with Alexander, out of desire to seize his kingdom, and eager to transfer that one's glory to himself.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:20: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:20. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.51 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-51).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 52

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-52
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy gained nothing, dying soon after from a fall from his horse.

### Greek text

Συντριβήσεται. Ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέν φησιν ἀπενέγκοιτο ἂν κέρδος τοῦ δόλου· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπιβιώσει τοῖς κατορθώμασιν, ἀλλὰ μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ καὶ αὐτὸς καταστρέψει τὸν βίον. — Ἀλλ᾽ ἀποθανεῖταί φησιν οὐκ ἐν παρατάξει· οὐ γὰρ ἐν πολέμῳ πληγαῖς τελευτᾷ, ἀλλὰ πεσὼν ἐκ τοῦ ἵππου καὶ συντριβείς, οἴκαδε ἀποθνήσκει.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will be broken." But he will gain nothing, he says, from his deceit; for he will not survive his successes, but not long after he too will end his life. — But he will die, he says, not in battle; for he does not die by blows in war, but, falling from his horse and being shattered, he dies at home.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:20: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:18 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:20; compare 1 Macc 11:18. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.52 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-52).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 53

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-53
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy died without profiting from his treachery.

### Greek text

Ἐξουδενώθη. Περὶ τοῦ Πτολεμαίου λέγει. Ἤδη γὰρ ἑκατέρων τῶν βασιλειῶν Αἰγύπτου καὶ Ἀσίας ἐπειλῆφθαι νομίζων, μετὰ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου τελευτὴν καταστρέφει τὸν βίον, οὐδὲν κέρδος τῆς πονηρίας ἀπενεγκάμενος.

### English translation (Claude)

"He was despised." He speaks of Ptolemy. For thinking he had now taken hold of both kingdoms, of Egypt and Asia, he ends his life after Alexander's death, gaining no profit from his wickedness.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.53 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-53).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 54

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-54
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy died before enjoying royal glory.

### Greek text

Οὐκ ἔδωσαν ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν δόξαν βασιλείας. Καὶ οὕτω φησὶ καταλύσας τὸν βίον, οὐκ ἀπέλαυσεν ἧς ἐνόμισε δόξης, ταχέως τῆς φύσεως ἀποδοὺς τὸ χρέος.

### English translation (Claude)

"They did not give him the glory of a kingdom." And so, he says, ending his life, he did not enjoy the glory he thought, quickly paying the debt of nature.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:21: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:21. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.54 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-54).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 55

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-55
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22-23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius took both kingdoms without a fight after Ptolemy's death.

### Greek text

Ἥξει ἐν εὐθηνίᾳ. Τουτέστιν ἀπονητὶ ἑκατέρων τῶν βασιλειῶν κρατήσει, τῆς τε Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Πτολεμαίου, οὐ μαχησάμενος οὐδὲ πονήσας· ὡς γὰρ γαμβρὸς Πτολεμαίου τοῦ τῆς Ἀσίας καὶ Αἰγύπτου κρατήσαντος βασιλείας, ἐπεισῆλθε μετὰ τὴν Πτολεμαίου τελευτήν, καὶ ἐγκρατὴς ἐγένετο ἑκατέρας βασιλείας.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will come in prosperity." That is, without toil he will rule both kingdoms, that of Alexander and that of Ptolemy, without fighting or labor; for as son-in-law of Ptolemy, who had held the kingdom of Asia and of Egypt, he came in after Ptolemy's death and became master of both kingdoms.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:21: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:19 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:21; compare 1 Macc 11:19. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 22–23).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.55 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):22-23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-55).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 56

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-56
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ptolemy's strength passed to Demetrius.

### Greek text

Βραχίονες τοῦ κατακλύζοντος. Τουτέστιν ἡ ἰσχὺς τοῦ Πτολεμαίου ὑπὸ τοῦτον ἔσται· κατακλύζοντα γὰρ ἐκεῖνον ἐκάλεσεν, ὡς ἄρδην τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου καθελόντα ἀρχήν· κατακλυσθήσονται οὖν, ἀντὶ τοῦ καθέξει οὗτος τὴν Πτολεμαίου ἀρχήν, ὡς ἐκεῖνος τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου.

### English translation (Claude)

"The arms of the one who floods." That is, the strength of Ptolemy will be under this one; for he called that one "the one who floods," as having taken the rule of Alexander; "they will be flooded," then, in place of "this one will hold the rule of Ptolemy, as that one held Alexander's."

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:22: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:22. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 23.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.56 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-56).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 57

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-57
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: All submitted to Demetrius in fear.

### Greek text

Κατακλυσθήσονται ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ. Τουτέστι μετὰ φόβου πάντες αὐτῷ ὑπακούσονται.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will be flooded before him." That is, all will obey him with fear.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:22: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:22. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.57 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-57).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 58

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-58
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The leader of the covenant is Jonathan, whom Demetrius sought to depose.

### Greek text

Ἡγούμενος διαθήκης. Τὸν τοῦ μακκαβαίου Ἰωνάθαν λέγει, ὡς ἄρχοντα τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ ἐπὶ εὐσέβειαν αὐτὸ τὸ πλῆθος χειραγωγοῦντα· λέγει δὲ ὅτι τῆς ἀρχῆς λαβόμενος ὁ Δημήτριος βουλεύσεται καὶ τοῦτον τῆς ἀρχῆς καθελεῖν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The leader of the covenant." He means Jonathan the Maccabee, as ruler of the people and guiding the multitude to godliness; and he says that Demetrius, once he had taken the rule, will plan to remove him too from rule.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:22: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:20-53 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:22. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.58 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-58).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 59

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-59
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Jonathan's three thousand men put down the revolt in Antioch.

### Greek text

Ἐν ὀλίγῳ ἔθνει. Οἱ γὰρ τρισχίλιοι ἄνδρες οἱ παρὰ Ἰωνάθου πεμφθέντες, δώδεκα μυριάδας ἀνδρῶν τῶν ἐπαναστάντων τῷ Δημητρίῳ ἀπέκτειναν ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ.

### English translation (Claude)

"With a small nation." For the three thousand men sent by Jonathan killed a hundred and twenty thousand men who rose up against Demetrius in Antioch.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:23: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:44-51 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:23; compare 1 Macc 11:44–51. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.59 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-59).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 60

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-60
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Emboldened, Demetrius extended his rule.

### Greek text

Ἐν εὐθηνίᾳ. Καταθαρρήσει φησὶν ὁ Δημήτριος ἐκ τῶν γινομένων καὶ πλείοσιν ἐπιβῆναι χώραις, ἄμαχον τῶν συμμάχων τὴν ἰσχὺν θεασάμενος.

### English translation (Claude)

"In prosperity." Demetrius, he says, will take courage from what happened and set foot on more lands, seeing the strength of his allies to be invincible.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.60 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-60).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 61

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-61
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius's swift suppression of the revolt surpassed his ancestors.

### Greek text

Ποιήσει ἃ οὐκ ἐποίησαν οἱ πατέρες αὐτοῦ. Παράδοξον γὰρ ὑπὲρ τοὺς προγόνους τὴν νίκην ἤρατο· εἰ γὰρ καὶ πολέμου συστάντος γενομένου πολλοὶ νενικήκασιν, ἀλλ᾽ οὐχὶ καὶ στρατόπεδον στασιάζον ἐχειρώσατο, ὃ πεποίηκε Δημήτριος, παραδοξοτέραν τὴν νίκην εἰργασμένος τῷ τάχει.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will do what his fathers did not do." For he won a victory wonderful beyond his ancestors; for even if, when a war was fought, many have won, yet no one had overcome a rebellious army, as Demetrius did, winning the victory the more wonderfully by its speed.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.61 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-61).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 62

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-62
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The Jews shared in the spoils.

### Greek text

Προνομὴν καὶ σκῦλα. Πολλὰ δέ φησι καὶ ἰουδαῖοι ἐκ τῶν λαφύρων λήψονται.

### English translation (Claude)

"Plunder and spoils." And the Jews too, he says, will take much from the spoils.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:24; compare 1 Macc 11:51. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.62 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-62).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 63

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-63
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius feared for his whole realm, including Egypt.

### Greek text

Καὶ ἐπ᾽ Αἴγυπτον λογιεῖται. Τούτων φησὶν ἐπαναστάντων περὶ τῆς ἁπάσης βασιλείας εἰς δέος καταστήσεται· τῆς δὲ Αἰγύπτου νῦν ἐμνημόνευσεν, ἐπειδὴ κἀκείνης ἐκράτησε μετὰ τὸν Πτολεμαίου θάνατον.

### English translation (Claude)

"And he will plan against Egypt." When these rose up, he says, he will fall into fear about the whole kingdom; and he mentioned Egypt now since he had taken control of it too after Ptolemy's death.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.63 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-63).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 64

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-64
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Demetrius's rule was short.

### Greek text

Ἕως καιροῦ. Τουτέστι καὶ οὗτος ἀποθανεῖται βιώσας ἐπ᾽ ὀλίγον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until a time." That is, this one too will die, having lived a short while.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:24: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.64 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-64).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 65

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-65
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: This refers to Antiochus, son of Alexander.

### Greek text

Ἐξεγερθήσεται ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ. Τὸν Ἀντίοχον λέγει τὸν Ἀλεξάνδρου υἱόν.

### English translation (Claude)

"His strength and his heart will be roused." He means Antiochus, the son of Alexander.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.65 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-65).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 66

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-66
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus advances against Demetrius with a great force.

### Greek text

Ἐπὶ βασιλέα τοῦ νότου. Βασιλέα νότου Ἀντίοχον νῦν λέγει τὸν Ἀλεξάνδρου υἱόν· ἥξειν δὲ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς χειρὸς κατὰ Δημητρίου λέγει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Against the king of the south." By "king of the south" he now means Antiochus, Alexander's son; and he says he will come with a great host against Demetrius.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:25: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:25. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.66 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-66).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 67

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-67
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus and Tryphon routed Demetrius.

### Greek text

Συνάψει πόλεμον. Συμβαλὼν γὰρ τῷ Δημητρίῳ ὁ Ἀντίοχος μετὰ Τρύφωνος, εἰς φυγὴν αὐτὸν ἔτρεψεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will join battle." For engaging Demetrius, Antiochus with Tryphon put him to flight.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:25: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 11:55 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:25; compare 1 Macc 11:55. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.67 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-67).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 68

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-68
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon murdered the young Antiochus and took the throne.

### Greek text

Λογιοῦνται ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν λογισμούς. Περὶ Ἀντιόχου λέγει· ὁ γὰρ Τρύφων βασιλεύσας αὐτόν, συσκευασάμενος αὐτὸν ἀναιρεῖ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν εἰς ἑαυτὸν μεθίστησι.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will devise plans against him." He speaks of Antiochus; for Tryphon, having made him king, plotted against him, killed him, and transferred the kingdom to himself.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:25: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 13:31-32 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:25; compare 1 Macc 13:31–32. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.68 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-68).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 69

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-69
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon betrayed the king whose table he shared.

### Greek text

Φάγονται τὰ δέοντα αὐτοῦ. Ταῦτα δέ φησι διαπράξεται, ὑποκρινόμενος τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν φιλίαν, καὶ οὐδὲ τὸ ὁμοδίαιτον ἐντραπείς.

### English translation (Claude)

"Those who eat his provisions." He will do these things, he says, pretending friendship toward him, and not even respecting the shared table.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:26: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:26. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.69 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-69).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 70

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-70
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon won the army and murdered Antiochus.

### Greek text

Συντρίψουσιν αὐτόν. Τουτέστιν οἰκειώσεται τοῦ στρατοπέδου τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ τὸν κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐργάσεται φόνον.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will break him." That is, he will win over the mass of the army and carry out his murder.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:26: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:26. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.70 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-70).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 71

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-71
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Many fell when Antiochus was killed.

### Greek text

Πεσοῦνται τραυματίαι. Ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς Ἀντιόχου ἀναιρέσεως.

### English translation (Claude)

"The wounded will fall." At the time of the killing of Antiochus.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:26: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:26. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.71 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-71).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 72

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-72
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon's promises to Antiochus were lies.

### Greek text

Ψευδῆ λαλήσουσι. Τουτέστι λαλήσει· περὶ γὰρ Τρύφωνος λέγει· ἐπειδὴ συνεσθίων τῷ Ἀντιόχῳ, καὶ συγκροτεῖν αὐτῷ τῇ συμμαχίᾳ τὴν βασιλείαν ὑπισχνούμενος, ἀφυλάκτως ἐπιπεσὼν ἀνεῖλεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will speak lies." That is, he will speak; for he speaks about Tryphon: since he ate with Antiochus and promised to establish the kingdom for him by his alliance, he fell on him off guard and killed him.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:27: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.72 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-72).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 73

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-73
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon was in turn killed by Antiochus son of Demetrius.

### Greek text

Οὐ κατευθυνεῖ. Οὐ μήν φησιν ἀποίσεται τὸ κέρδος ἐκ τῆς ὑπούλου ταύτης γνώμης· μετὰ γὰρ τὸ ἀποκτεῖναι τὸν Ἀντίοχον καὶ κρατῆσαι τῆς βασιλείας, πάλιν καὶ αὐτὸς καθῃρέθη τῆς ἀρχῆς, ὑπὸ Ἀντιόχου τοῦ υἱοῦ Δημητρίου ἀναιρεθείς.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will not prosper." Yet, he says, he will not carry off the gain from this treacherous intention; for after killing Antiochus and taking the kingdom, he too was brought down from rule, killed by Antiochus the son of Demetrius.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:27: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 15:10-14 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:27; compare 1 Macc 15:10–39. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.73 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-73).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 74

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-74
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius offers two possible referents for the king who returned with wealth.

### Greek text

Ἐπιστρέψει εἰς τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ ἐν ὑπάρξει πολλῇ. Ἢ περὶ Ἀντιόχου λέγει τοῦ Δημητρίου κρατήσαντος τῆς ἀρχῆς, καὶ μετὰ δόξης ἐρχομένου· ἢ περὶ Τρύφωνος, ὅτε τὸν υἱὸν Ἀλεξάνδρου τὸν Ἀντίοχον ἀνελών, ὑπέστρεψεν οἴκαδε.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will return to his land with great wealth." Either he speaks of Antiochus son of Demetrius, who took control of the rule and came with glory; or of Tryphon, when, having killed Antiochus the son of Alexander, he returned home.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:28: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:28. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.74 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-74).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 75

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-75
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon killed Jonathan and oppressed the people under Simon.

### Greek text

Ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ διαθήκην ἁγίαν. Περὶ τοῦ Τρύφωνος λέγει, ἀνελόντος μὲν τὸν Ἰωνάθαν πρὸ τοῦ βασιλεῦσαι, χείριστα δὲ μετὰ τὴν βασιλείαν διαθέντος τὸν λαὸν ἐπὶ Σίμωνος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Ἰωνάθου.

### English translation (Claude)

"His heart against the holy covenant." He speaks of Tryphon, who killed Jonathan before he became king, and treated the people worst after his reign, in the time of Simon, Jonathan's brother.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:28: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 13:23 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:28; compare 1 Macc 12:39–13:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.75 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-75).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 76

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-76
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon withdrew without entering Jerusalem.

### Greek text

Ἐπιστρέψει. Τουτέστιν ἀντὶ τοῦ ὁ Τρύφων ἀνελὼν τὸν Ἰωνάθαν εἰς τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ ἐπανήξει· ἵνα εἴπῃ οὐκ ἐπιβήσεται τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will return." That is, Tryphon, having killed Jonathan, will go back to his own land, to say that he will not set foot in Jerusalem.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:28: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:28; compare 1 Macc 13:24. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.76 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-76).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 77

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-77
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon left only after killing Jonathan.

### Greek text

Εἰς τὸν καιρὸν ἐπιστρέψει. Μετὰ τὸν Ἰωνάθου θάνατον· οὐ πρότερον γὰρ ἀνίστη, ἄχρις οὗ τὴν κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ γνώμην ἐπλήρωσεν· ὡς γὰρ εἶδεν ὅτι τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐγκρατὴς γενέσθαι οὐ δύναται, σφάξας τὸν Ἰωνάθαν, ἐπὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐχώρησε χώραν.

### English translation (Claude)

"At the time he will return." After Jonathan's death; for he did not withdraw before he had fulfilled his intention against him; for when he saw that he could not become master of Judea, having slain Jonathan, he went off to his own country.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:29: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:29. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.77 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-77).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 78

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-78
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: He returned to his own kingdom.

### Greek text

Ἥξει ἐν τῷ νότῳ. Ἀντὶ τοῦ εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will come into the south." Meaning, into his own kingdom.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:29: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:29. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.78 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-78).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 79

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-79
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Tryphon used the same treachery against Jonathan as against Antiochus.

### Greek text

Καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὡς ἡ πρώτη καὶ ἡ ἐσχάτη. Ὁ σύρος, καὶ ποιήσει ὡς τὰ πρῶτα καὶ τὰ ἔσχατα· τουτέστιν ᾧ δόλῳ χρήσεται κατὰ Ἀντιόχου, τούτῳ καὶ κατὰ Ἰωνάθου.

### English translation (Claude)

"And it will not be like the first and the last." The Syriac reads, "and he will do as the first and the last things"; that is, the deceit he used against Antiochus, the same he will use against Jonathan too.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:29: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:29; the Syriac version is cited. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.79 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-79).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 80

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-80
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The Kittim are the army of Antiochus son of Demetrius, who killed Tryphon.

### Greek text

Οἱ ἐκπορευόμενοι Κίτιοι. Ἐπὶ Τρύφωνά φησιν ἥξουσιν οἱ Κίτιοι· ἦσαν δὲ Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Δημητρίου· οὗτοι τοίνυν φησὶ μετὰ τοῦ αὐτῶν βασιλέως, ἦσαν δὲ περί που μυριάδες δώδεκα ἀνδρῶν, παραταξάμενοι ἀναιροῦσι τὸν Τρύφωνα.

### English translation (Claude)

"Those who go out, the Kitians." The Kitians, he says, will come against Tryphon; they were the men of Antiochus son of Demetrius; these, then, he says, with their king, about a hundred and twenty thousand men, drew up for battle and killed Tryphon.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:30: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 15:13 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:30; compare 1 Macc 15:13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.80 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-80).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 81

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-81
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius applies the rage against the covenant to an Antiochus returning from Egypt.

### Greek text

Ἐπιστρέψει καὶ θυμωθήσεται ἐπὶ διαθήκην ἁγίαν. Πανταχοῦ τὰ τοῦ λαοῦ συμπλέκει· ἐπείπερ τούτων ἕνεκα καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν μέμνηται· λέγει δὲ νῦν περὶ Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Δημητρίου. — Τουτέστι νικήσας τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους ὁ Ἀντίοχος ἐπανήξει· λέγει δὲ πρότερον τὴν αἰτίαν, ἀφ᾽ ἧς ζέων τοῖς θυμοῖς εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα ἐπανῄει, τὸν πάντα τρόπον τοῦ Ἀντιόχου διαβάλλων.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will turn back and be enraged against the holy covenant." Everywhere he weaves in what concerns the people; for their sake he mentions the rest too; and now he speaks of Antiochus son of Demetrius. — That is, having conquered the Egyptians, Antiochus will come back; and he first states the cause from which, seething with rage, he came back to Jerusalem, exposing the whole character of Antiochus.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:30: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 1:20 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:30. The identification shifts here to Antiochus (Epiphanes) and his return from Egypt (compare 1 Macc 1:20); translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.81 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-81).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 82

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-82
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus won over the apostates, selling the high priesthood to Jason.

### Greek text

Συνήσει ἐπὶ τοὺς καταλείποντας διαθήκην ἁγίαν. Ἀντίοχος γὰρ τῆς ἀρχῆς λαβόμενος, λήμματι τὴν χεῖρα ὑποσχών, Ἰάσονι τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην δίδωσι· συνήσει οὖν, τουτέστι προσάξει τοὺς ἀποστάτας τὸν νοῦν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will have understanding with those who forsake the holy covenant." For Antiochus, on taking the rule, holding out his hand for a bribe, gives the high priesthood to Jason; "he will have understanding," then, that is, he will attach the apostates to himself in mind.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:30: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 4:7-10 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:30; compare 2 Macc 4:7–10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.82 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-82).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 83

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-83
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: With the king's backing the lawless grew strong against the faithful.

### Greek text

Βραχίονες καὶ σπέρματα ἐξ αὐτοῦ. Τουτέστιν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπιτροπῆς ἰσχυροὶ κατὰ τῶν ὁμοεθνῶν καὶ εὐσεβεῖν βουλομένων οἱ παράνομοι γενήσονται.

### English translation (Claude)

"Arms and seeds from him." That is, by the king's commission the lawless will become strong against those of the same faith who want to be godly.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:31: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:31. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.83 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-83).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 84

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-84
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The temple will be treated as common, profaned by the apostates.

### Greek text

Βεβηλώσουσι τὸ ἁγίασμα τῆς δυναστείας. Ἵνα εἴπῃ καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν ναὸν τοῦ δυνατοῦ θεοῦ κοινόν τινα ἀποδείξουσι τῇ παρ᾽ ἑαυτῶν μιαιφονίᾳ· βέβηλον τὸ οὐκ ἐξαίρετον λέγει, ἀλλ᾽ ὁμοίως τοῖς πᾶσι προκείμενον· ὡς τὸ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἄρτοι βέβηλοι ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖρά μου.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will profane the sanctuary of power." To say that they will show even the very temple of the mighty God to be something common by their own pollution; he calls "profane" what is not set apart, but lies open alike to all; as in "they are not profane bread under my hand."

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:31: quotation, high confidence
- 1 Sam 21:4: allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:31; 1 Sam 21:4 (LXX 1 Kgdms 21:5). The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 11.85) is joined here and 11.85 is held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 23–24).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.84 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):23; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-84).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 86

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-86
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus stopped the daily sacrifices.

### Greek text

Μεταστήσουσι τὸν ἐνδελεχισμόν. Ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς προειρημένης αἰτίας ὁ Ἀντίοχος τὴν κατὰ τῶν ἰουδαίων ἐπιτείνων μανίαν, καὶ τὰς συνήθεις θυσίας ἐκώλυσε προσφέρεσθαι τῷ θεῷ.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will remove the continual sacrifice." For from the cause mentioned before, Antiochus, intensifying his madness against the Jews, also prevented the usual sacrifices from being offered to God.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:31: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 1:45 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:31; compare 1 Macc 1:45. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 24.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.86 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-86).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 87

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-87
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The people who know God are the Maccabees, who restored the temple.

### Greek text

Λαὸς γινώσκοντες θεὸν αὐτοῦ. Τοὺς μακκαβαίους λέγει κατισχύειν τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν· εἰ γὰρ καὶ τῆς ἐνεγκούσης ἔδοξαν ἐλαύνεσθαι, ἀλλ᾽ οὖν τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ συμμαχίᾳ ἀμείνους τοῦ Ἀντιόχου πεφήνασι, τήν τε οἰκείαν ἀπολαβόντες, καὶ τῷ ἱερῷ τὴν εὐκοσμίαν ἀποδεδωκότες.

### English translation (Claude)

"A people that knows its God." He means the Maccabees, who overcame their enemies; for even if they seemed to be driven out of their homeland, yet with God's help they proved stronger than Antiochus, recovering their own land and restoring the good order of the temple.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:32: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 4:36-59 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:32; compare 1 Macc 4:36–59. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.87 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-87).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 88

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-88
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The wise are Mattathias and his followers, who chose the desert over apostasy.

### Greek text

Οἱ συνετοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ. Συνετοὺς καλεῖ τοὺς τὸν θεῖον κεκτημένους ζῆλον· οἷος γέγονεν ὁ Ματθίας καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ, μαχησάμενοι μὲν τῷ βασιλικῷ προστάγματι, τὴν δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἐρήμῳ δίαιταν μετ᾽ εὐσεβείας ἀμείνω κρίναντες τῆς ἐν βασιλείοις τρυφῆς.

### English translation (Claude)

"The wise of the people." He calls "wise" those who possess divine zeal, such as Mattathias and those with him became, fighting against the royal command, and judging the life in the desert with godliness better than the luxury of the palace.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:33: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 2:15-28 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:33; compare 1 Macc 2:15–28. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.88 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-88).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 89

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-89
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The righteous will suffer fire, sword, and exile.

### Greek text

Ἀσθενήσουσιν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ. Ταῦτα δέ φησιν ἔσται παρὰ τῶν δικαίων ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν δειξάντων τὴν ἀνδρείαν· ὁ γὰρ Ἀντίοχος πλεῖστα κατ᾽ αὐτῶν βουλεύσεται, ὥστε τοὺς μὲν πυρί, τοὺς δὲ ξίφει ἀνελεῖν, τοὺς δὲ ἀποικίσαι τῆς ἐνεγκούσης· πλεῖστα δὲ καὶ περὶ τὴν ἁγίαν ἐργάσεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will be weakened by the sword." These things, he says, will come upon the righteous who showed their courage in deeds; for Antiochus will plan very many things against them, so as to kill some by fire, others by the sword, and to deport others from their homeland; and very many things he will do concerning the holy city as well.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:33: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:33. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.89 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-89).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 90

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-90
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'little help' is Judas Maccabee's first victory over Apollonius.

### Greek text

Βοηθήσονται βοήθειαν μικράν. Τούτων δέ φησιν ὑπὸ Ἀντιόχου οὕτω γενομένων, τεύξονται τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ συμμαχίας· τὸ δὲ μικράν, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄρξεται αὐτοῖς βοηθεῖν ὁ θεός· αἰνίττεται δὲ τοῦ Ἰούδα τὴν κατὰ Ἀπολλωνίου πρώτην νίκην, ἀφ᾽ ἧς φοβερός τε τοῖς λοιποῖς κατέστη, καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἐπανισταμένους ἐτροπώσατο.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will be helped with a little help." When these things are done by Antiochus, he says, they will obtain alliance from God; and "little" means "God begins to help them"; he hints at Judas's first victory, over Apollonius, by which he became fearsome to the rest and routed the others who rose up.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:34: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 3:10-12 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:34; compare 1 Macc 3:10–12. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.90 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-90).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 91

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-91
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Mattathias and Judas rallied many to piety, sometimes by force.

### Greek text

Προστεθήσονται ἐπ᾽ αὐτούς. Ὁ γὰρ Ματθίας καὶ Ἰούδας ἐν τῇ ἀποστάσει ἐκλιπόντες τὴν πόλιν, πολλοὺς εἰς εὐσέβειαν ἀνέρρωσαν λόγῳ καὶ παρακλήσει· ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ κολάζων τοὺς παρανόμους ὁ Ματθίας τοὺς λοιποὺς εὐσεβεῖν ἠνάγκαζεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will be added to them." For Mattathias and Judas, having left the city in the revolt, strengthened many in godliness by word and exhortation; and at times Mattathias, punishing the lawless, compelled the rest to be godly.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:34: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 2:44-48 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:34; compare 1 Macc 2:44–48. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.91 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-91).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 92

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-92
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Some joined from among the apostates.

### Greek text

Ἐν ὀλισθήμασι. Ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐκ τῶν ὀλισθησάντων καὶ εἰς ἀσέβειαν ἐκτραπέντων.

### English translation (Claude)

"In slipperiness." Meaning, from those who slipped and turned aside to impiety.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:34: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:34. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.92 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-92).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 93

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-93
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Some of the wise will die as martyrs, like Eleazar and the seven brothers.

### Greek text

Ἀπὸ τῶν συνιέντων. Τουτέστιν οἱ μὲν δίκαιοι τεύξονται τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ βοηθείας· οἶδε γὰρ πολλοὺς καὶ πεισομένους πλεῖστα, τῆς ἀσεβείας τὴν ἀπόδοσιν τοῖς ἔργοις δώσοντας· λέγει δὲ τοὺς ὑπὲρ ὀρθότητος ἀποθανόντας, οἵ εἰσιν οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἐλεάζαρον καὶ οἱ ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοὶ ἅμα τῇ μητρί.

### English translation (Claude)

"Some of those who understand." That is, the righteous will obtain God's help; for he knows that many will suffer very much, paying the price of impiety by their deeds; and he speaks of those who died for orthodoxy, who are Eleazar and the seven brothers with their mother.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:35: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 6:18-7.42 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:35; compare 2 Macc 6:18–7:42. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.93 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-93).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 94

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-94
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The persecution lasts until the appointed 2,300 days are fulfilled.

### Greek text

Ἕως καιροῦ πέρας. Τουτέστι κρατήσουσι δὲ εἰς τοσοῦτον οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀντίοχον, καὶ ταῦτα περὶ τὸν ναὸν ποιήσουσιν, ἄχρις οὗ πληρωθῇ ὁ χρόνος, ὃν δὴ πρότερον εἶπε τῶν δισχιλίων τριακοσίων ἡμερῶν. — Ἔσται δέ φησι ταῦτα χρόνοις ὕστερον· δέκατος γὰρ ἀπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου ὁ Ἀντίοχος, ὡς δέδεικται.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until a time of the end." That is, Antiochus and his men will prevail so far, and will do these things concerning the temple, until the time is fulfilled which he stated before, of the two thousand three hundred days. — These things, he says, will happen in later times; for Antiochus is the tenth from Alexander, as has been shown.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:35: quotation, high confidence
- Dan 8:14: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:35; compare 8:14. The staged text broke this scholion over three refs (11.94–11.96); the continuation is joined here, 11.95 is held, and 11.96 is begun at its own lemma. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.94 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-94).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 96

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-96
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus will despise Egypt and its religion.

### Greek text

Ὁ βασιλεὺς ὑψωθήσεται. Τουτέστι καταφρονήσει αἰγυπτίων καὶ τῆς ἐκείνων δεισιδαιμονίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"The king will be exalted." That is, he will despise the Egyptians and their superstition.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:36: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:36. The staged text of this ref began with the end of the preceding scholion, which is now in 11.94. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.96 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-96).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 97

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-97
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus, puffed up, plundered the temple and claimed equality with God.

### Greek text

Μεγαλυνθήσεται ἐπὶ πάντα θεόν. Τουτέστι καὶ κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ τοῦ δεσπότου ἀλαζονεύσεται· πεφυσημένος γὰρ τοῖς ῥηθεῖσι κατορθώμασι, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν εἰσελθεῖν κατετόλμησεν, ἡγουμένου τοῦ Μενελάου, καὶ συλῆσαι τὰ ἱερὰ κειμήλιά τε, καὶ … εἰς τὴν ἑλλήνων μεταστῆσαι ἠπείλει· ἰσοθεΐαν τι φανταζόμενος, καὶ ἰσχύειν τῷ δεσπότῃ παραπλήσιον.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will be magnified above every god." That is, he will boast even against the Master himself; for, puffed up by the successes mentioned, he dared even to enter the temple, with Menelaus leading him, and to plunder the sacred treasures, and threatened to transfer … to the Greek way, imagining himself equal to God and like the Master in strength.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:36: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 5:15-16 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:36; compare 2 Macc 5:15–16; 6:2. The object of "transfer" is blurred in the image (perhaps the worship or the temple) and is marked …. The lemma and first words stand at the foot of the left column of p. 24 and were staged separately as 11.108; they are joined here and 11.108 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.97 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-97).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 98

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-98
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus at first escaped punishment.

### Greek text

Κατευθυνεῖ. Τουτέστι καὶ ταῦτα ποιήσας, οὐδὲν πείσεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will prosper." That is, even doing these things, he will suffer nothing.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:36: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:36. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.98 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-98).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 99

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-99
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus would not repent until struck by God.

### Greek text

Μέχρις οὗ συντελεσθῇ ἡ ὀργή. Τουτέστι καὶ ἐκ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ μακροθυμίας, οὐ μεταβληθήσεται τὴν γνώμην, ἄχρις οὗ πληγαῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἄκων ὁμολογήσει ὃν ἠρνεῖτο δεσπότην, ἐπιγνώμων τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ἀσθενείας γενόμενος.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until the wrath is accomplished." That is, even from God's patience he will not change his mind, until, through blows from God, he confesses against his will the Master whom he had denied, having come to know his own weakness.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:36: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 9:11-12 (2 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:36; compare 2 Macc 9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.99 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-99).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 100

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-100
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: His punishment would come swiftly at the height of success.

### Greek text

Εἰς γὰρ συντέλειαν καὶ σπουδὴν γίνεται. Τουτέστιν ὅταν δόξῃ πάντα κατορθοῦσθαι, τότε δίκην δώσει· τότε δὲ καὶ σπουδὴν καὶ τάχος.

### English translation (Claude)

"For it comes to completion and haste." That is, when he thinks he is succeeding in everything, then he will pay the penalty; then too with haste and speed.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:36: quotation, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:36. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.100 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-100).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 101

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-101
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Unlike his predecessors, Antiochus plundered the temple.

### Greek text

Ἐπὶ πάντας θεοὺς τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ. Τῶν γὰρ πρὸ αὐτοῦ πάντων τετιμηκότων τὸν τόπον, ὥστε καὶ πολὺν πλοῦτον ἐκ τῶν ἀναθημάτων αὐτόθι κεῖσθαι, αὐτός τε μόνος τήν τε πόλιν πορθῆσαι, καὶ τὸν ναὸν τῶν ἐνόντων κενῶσαι ἐπεχείρησεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Against all the gods of his fathers." For when all before him had honored the place, so that much wealth from the offerings lay there, he alone tried to sack the city and to empty the temple of its contents.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:37: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:37. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.101 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-101).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 102

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-102
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus despised every god, out of self-deification.

### Greek text

Ἐπὶ πάντα θεὸν οὐ συνήσει. Τουτέστι τῶν παρὰ πάντων τῶν ἐγχωρίων ὡς θεῶν ὀνομαζομένων (οὐκ) ἐγκαλεῖται· οὐχ ὅτι τοῦ ξοάνου κατεφρόνησεν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι ἰσοθεΐαν φαντασθείς, καταφρονεῖ παντὸς οὑτινοσοῦν λεγομένου θεοῦ. — Τουτέστιν οὐ θαυμαστόν, ὅπου γε καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ κατεφρόνει τοῦ πάντων κυρίου.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will not have understanding of any god." That is, he accuses the gods named as gods by all the native peoples; not because he despised the idol, but because, imagining himself equal to God, he despises whatever is called god. — That is, it is no wonder, seeing that he despised even God himself, the Lord of all.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:37: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:37. Mai prints "(οὐκ)" as a supplement, translated. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.102 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-102).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 103

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-103
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: 'Maozim' means the strong God, whom Antiochus acknowledged on his deathbed.

### Greek text

Θεὸν Μαωζείν. Ἰσχυρὸν σημαίνει· βούλεται δὲ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ἴσεται θεὸν τὸν ἁπάντων κύριον, καθ᾽ ὃν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἐκόπησε· ληφθεὶς γὰρ ἀφορήτοις ταῖς ἀλγηδόσι, καὶ προσέτι τοῦ ἅρματος πεσών, καὶ σκωλήκων γέμων τὸ σῶμα, καὶ δυσωδίας ἐμπλέως καθεστώς, ὡς καὶ βαρὺς γενέσθαι τοῖς προσεγγίζουσιν, ἔγνω καὶ ἄκων τὸν ἁπάντων κύριον· ἀναθήματα γοῦν πολλὰ πέμψας εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ, ἠξίου δέησιν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ πρὸς τὸν θεόν. — Ὁ γὰρ ἰσοθεΐαν φαντασθείς, οὐ τοῦ φρονήματος κατῆλθε μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς τῶν πατέρων ἀσεβείας ἀπέστη, παλινῳδίαν ᾄσας.

### English translation (Claude)

"The god Maozim." It signifies "strong"; and he wants to say that he will know the God who is Lord of all, at the time when he cut out his tongue; for, seized by unbearable pains, falling from his chariot, and his body full of worms, and in such a state from the stench that he became heavy to those who came near, he came to know the Lord of all, even against his will; at any rate, sending many offerings to Jerusalem, he asked that supplication be made by the people to God on his behalf. — For he who imagined himself equal to God not only came down from that pride, but also departed from the impiety of his fathers, singing a recantation.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:38: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 9:5-17 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:38; compare 2 Macc 9:5–17. The clause "when he cut out his tongue" (καθ᾽ ὃν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἐκόπησε) is as read in the image; its sense is uncertain. Polychronius's interpretation is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.103 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-103).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 104

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-104
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus at the end honored the Jews and sought peace with them.

### Greek text

Ποιήσει τοῖς ὀχυρώμασι. Τουτέστι σπείσεται μετὰ ἰουδαίων φιλίαν, ἰσχυρῶν αὐτῷ φανέντων, διὰ τὸ ἐπὶ θεὸν καταφυγεῖν. — Τουτέστι διὰ τιμῆς ἕξει ἰουδαίους τε καὶ τὸ ἱερόν· γράμμασι γὰρ ἐτίμησε τὸ ἔθνος, καὶ τὴν αὐτῶν μετεδίωκεν ὁμόνοιαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will act for the strongholds." That is, he will make a treaty of friendship with the Jews, as they appeared strong to him through their taking refuge in God. — That is, he will hold the Jews and the temple in honor; for he honored the nation by letters, and sought their concord.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:39: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 9:19-27 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:39; compare 2 Macc 9:19–27. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.104 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-104).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 105

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-105
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus ended the wars against the Jews.

### Greek text

Ὑποτάξει αὐτοῖς πολλούς. Τουτέστι παύσει τοὺς κατ᾽ αὐτῶν πολέμους.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will subject many to them." That is, he will stop the wars against them.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:39: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:39. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.105 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-105).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 106

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-106
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: He granted the Jews self-rule and honored the temple.

### Greek text

Γῆν διελεῖ ἐν δώροις. Τουτέστι συγχωρήσει αὐτοῖς τὴν ἑαυτῶν διοικεῖν γῆν, καὶ δώροις τὸν ναὸν τιμῆσαι.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will divide land with gifts." That is, he will allow them to administer their own land, and will honor the temple with gifts.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:39: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:39. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.106 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-106).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 107

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-107
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus nevertheless died for his crimes.

### Greek text

Ἐν καιροῦ πέρατι. Τουτέστι καὶ ταῦτα ποιήσας ἀποθανεῖται, δίκην τῶν πραχθέντων ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ εἰσπραχθείς.

### English translation (Claude)

"At the end of a time." That is, even having done these things he will die, paying the penalty for what he did.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:40: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:40. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.107 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-107).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 109

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-109
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24-25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus invaded Egypt and defeated Ptolemy.

### Greek text

Συγκερατισθήσεται μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ νότου κ. τ. λ. Τουτέστι δύναμιν ἀθροίσας ἐπιστρατεύσει αἰγυπτίοις. — Τουτέστι κατὰ τοῦ Πτολεμαίου ὁ Ἀντίοχος ἐπελεύσεται, πλείστην ἑαυτῷ συναγαγὼν τὴν δύναμιν. — Τουτέστιν εἰς τὴν Αἴγυπτον ὁ Ἀντίοχος μετὰ πλήθους· οὕτω γὰρ φαίνεται συμβαλών. — Τουτέστι νικήσας ὑποστρέψει· ἐξήλασε γὰρ τῆς ἀρχῆς τὸν Πτολεμαῖον.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will butt with the king of the south," and so on. That is, gathering a force he will march against the Egyptians. — That is, Antiochus will come against Ptolemy, having gathered a very great force for himself. — That is, Antiochus into Egypt with a multitude; for so he appears to have engaged. — That is, having conquered he will return; for he drove Ptolemy from his rule.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:40: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 1:16-19 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:40; compare 1 Macc 1:16–19. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 24–25).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.109 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):24-25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-109).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 110

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-110
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 'land of Sabaein' is Judea, the land of the worshipped God.

### Greek text

Εἰς τὴν γῆν τοῦ Σαβαείν. Ἀντὶ τοῦ εἰς τὴν γῆν τοῦ σεβασμίου θεοῦ· ἐκεῖθεν γὰρ ὑποστρέψας, κατὰ ἰουδαίων ὥρμησεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Into the land of Sabaein." Meaning, into the land of the God who is worshipped; for, returning from there, he rushed against the Jews.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:41: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:41 (Theodotion's transliteration). Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 25.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.110 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-110).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 111

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-111
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus plundered and defiled the temple.

### Greek text

Καὶ πολλοὶ ἀσθενήσουσι. Τότε γὰρ τῇ πόλει ἐπιστὰς ὁ Ἀντίοχος, τοὺς μὲν οἰκήτορας ἔθλιψε, τὰ δὲ τοῦ ἱεροῦ σκεύη λαβών, ᾤχετο, καὶ τὸν ναὸν τῷ βωμῷ ἔστησε καὶ ἐμόλυνεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"And many will be weakened." For then Antiochus, coming upon the city, oppressed the inhabitants, took the vessels of the temple and went off, and set an altar in the temple and defiled it.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:41: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 1:20-24 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:41; compare 1 Macc 1:20–24, 54. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.111 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-111).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 112

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-112
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: After subduing Egypt, Antiochus took the nations' wealth.

### Greek text

Ἐκτενεῖ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ. κ. τ. λ. Τουτέστι πολλοὺς ἀναιρήσει, καὶ τὸν λαὸν συλήσει. — Ταῦτα δέ φησιν ἔσται, ἐπειδὰν καταστρέψηται τὴν Αἴγυπτον. — Τούτων φησὶ κατεσχηκὼς τῶν ἐθνῶν, ἅπαντα αὐτῶν τὸν πλοῦτον λήψεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will stretch out his hand," and so on. That is, he will kill many and plunder the people. — These things, he says, will happen after he has subdued Egypt. — Having held these nations, he says, he will take all their wealth.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:42–43: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:42–43. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.112 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-112).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 113

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-113
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: News of the strife between Jason and Menelaus brought Antiochus back.

### Greek text

Ἀκοαὶ καὶ σπουδαὶ ταράξουσιν αὐτόν. Γνωρίζων τὴν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ γενομένην ταραχὴν ὑπὸ τῆς εἰς ἀλλήλους φιλονεικίας Ἰάσονος καὶ Μενελάου· ἀκούσας γὰρ ταῦτα μετὰ σπουδῆς ὑπέστρεψεν. — Δείκνυσιν ὅτι περὶ τῆς ὅλης ἀρχῆς ἠγωνίασε· κατεῖχε γὰρ καὶ τῆς Περσίδος ἣν βορρᾶν λέγει.

### English translation (Claude)

"Reports and haste will trouble him." Making known the disturbance in Judea from the rivalry with one another of Jason and Menelaus; for, hearing this, he returned in haste. — He shows that he feared for his whole rule; for he held Persia too, which he calls "north."

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:44: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 5:5-11 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:44; compare 2 Macc 5:5–11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.113 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-113).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 114

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-114
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus came furious from Egypt to Judea.

### Greek text

Ἥξει ἐν θυμῷ πολλῷ. Τουτέστι ζέων τῷ θυμῷ ὁ Ἀντίοχος, ἀπὸ τῆς Αἰγύπτου εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν ἀφίξεται.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will come in great rage." That is, Antiochus, seething with rage, will come from Egypt into Judea.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:44: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:44. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.114 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-114).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 115

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-115
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus planned the Jews' utter destruction.

### Greek text

Τοῦ ἀφανίσαι. Πανγενῇ γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἀπολέσαι ἐβουλεύσατο.

### English translation (Claude)

"To destroy." For he planned to destroy them root and branch.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:44: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:44. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.115 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-115).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 116

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-116
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Antiochus camped among his supporters at Jerusalem before returning to Antioch.

### Greek text

Πήξει τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ Ἀφαδανῷ. Τὸ ἐν Ἀφαδανῷ τόπον λέγει· θάλασσαν δὲ μεταφορικῶς τὸ πλῆθος· ἵνα οὖν εἴπῃ, ὅτι ἐπὶ τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων γενόμενος, μεταξὺ τοῦ πλήθους αὐλισθήσεται, προσδεχθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν τὰ αὐτοῦ φρονούντων· διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ σκηνὴν εἶπεν, ἐπειδὴ μὴ αὐτόθι ᾤκισε· συλήσας γὰρ τὸν ναόν, εἰς τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν ἔσπευσεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"He will pitch his tent at Aphadano." He means the place at Aphadano; and by "sea" he means the multitude metaphorically; to say, then, that coming to Jerusalem he will encamp in the midst of the multitude, welcomed by those who held his views; for this reason he also said "tent," since he did not stay there; for, having plundered the temple, he hastened to Antioch.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:45: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:45 (Theodotion's transliteration ἐφαδανῷ). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.116 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-116).

## Commentary on Daniel 11, scholion 117

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/11-1/#p-11-117
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: God delayed Antiochus's punishment.

### Greek text

Οὐκ ἔσται ὁ ῥυόμενος αὐτόν. Τουτέστι συγχωρήσει θεός, τούτων γινομένων, οὐ παραχρῆμα εἰσπραττόμενος αὐτὸν τὴν δίκην.

### English translation (Claude)

"There will be no one to rescue him." That is, God will allow these things to happen, not exacting the penalty from him at once.

### Scripture references

- Dan 11:45: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 11:45. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 11.117 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/11-117).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Michael's rising is the angelic help behind Judas Maccabee's victories.

### Greek text

Ἀναστήσεται Μιχαήλ. Καὶ μὴν ὅτι τῆς ἄνωθεν γενομένης ῥοπῆς, οἱ μὲν ἀσεβήσαντες αἰσχυνθήσονται, οἱ δὲ ἐγκαρτερήσαντες τῷ ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου, παρρησίᾳ λαμπροὶ καὶ περίβλεπτοι φανοῦνται, ὡς ἡρμήνευται· ἐπειδὴ ἡ τοῦ ἀγγέλου βοήθεια μάλιστα ἐδείκνυτο ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις, οὓς κατώρθωσεν Ἰούδας ὁ μακκαβαῖος ἐν τοῖς πρὸς τοὺς Ἀντιόχου στρατηγούς.

### English translation (Claude)

"Michael will arise." Indeed, the help from above coming, those who acted impiously will be put to shame, while those who persevered for the law will appear radiant and famous with boldness, as has been interpreted; since the angel's help was shown above all in the wars which Judas the Maccabee won against the generals of Antiochus.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:1: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 3:1-4.35 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:1. Polychronius's historical application is translated as written. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 2

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-2
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The affliction under Antiochus surpassed even Egypt.

### Greek text

Ἔσται καιρὸς θλίψεων κ. τ. λ. Τουτέστιν οὔτε παρ᾽ αἰγυπτίοις τοιαῦτα πεπόνθατε· τοσαύτη γὰρ ἦν ἡ βαρύτης, ὥστε καὶ νύμφην ἐκ τοῦ παστοῦ ἐξελθοῦσαν θρηνεῖν, καὶ πᾶσαν ἡλικίαν ἐν θρήνοις εἶναι· καὶ ὡς ἂν μὴ δόξῃ ἀγνοεῖν θεὸς τὴν γνώμην τῶν τε εὐσεβούντων καὶ παρανομούντων, πρὸ τοῦ τέλους καλῶς ἐπάγει.

### English translation (Claude)

"There will be a time of affliction," and so on. That is, not even in Egypt did you suffer such things; for so great was the oppression that even a bride, leaving the bridal chamber, mourned, and every age was in lamentation. And lest God seem not to know the intention of the godly and the lawless, he fittingly adds, before the end, ...

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:1: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 1:27 (1 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:1; compare 1 Macc 1:27. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 12.3) is joined here and 12.3 is held. The last clause ("he fittingly adds, before the end") is loose in the Greek; translated by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.2 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-2).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The righteous will persevere despite Antiochus.

### Greek text

Σωθήσεται ὁ λαός σου πᾶς. Τουτέστιν ὅσους οἶδε θεὸς δικαίους, οὗτοι διαμενοῦσιν ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ· καὶ μυρία ποιήσας ὁ Ἀντίοχος, αὐτῶν οὐ περιέσται.

### English translation (Claude)

"Your people will be saved, all of them." That is, those whom God knows to be righteous, these will remain in godliness; and though Antiochus does countless things, he will not prevail over them.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:1: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:1. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-4).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 5

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-5
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius reads the awakening of the dead as the restoration of the captives, not the bodily resurrection.

### Greek text

Πολλοὶ τῶν καθευδόντων ἐν γῆς χώματι ἐξεγερθήσονται. Οἴδαμεν ὡς πολλοὶ περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ταῦτα λέγουσι· δεῖ δὲ μὴ τῷ προχείρῳ προσέχειν, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀληθείας πανταχοῦ φροντίζειν· οἶδε γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ πολλάκις νεκροὺς τοὺς ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ καλεῖν· ὡς καὶ Ἡσαΐας λέγει, ἀναστήσονται οἱ νεκροὶ καὶ ἐγερθήσονται οἱ ἐν τοῖς μνημείοις· καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς.

### English translation (Claude)

"Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth will be roused." We know that many say these things about the resurrection; but one must not hold to the obvious meaning, but care for the truth everywhere; for Scripture often calls those in captivity dead; as Isaiah too says: "The dead will rise, and those in the tombs will be raised," and what follows.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:2: quotation, high confidence
- Isa 26:19: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:2; Isa 26:19 (LXX). Polychronius's non-eschatological reading is translated as written, without comment. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.5 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-5).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 6

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-6
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The wise who shine are the faithful who kept the law.

### Greek text

Οἱ συνιέντες ἐκλάμψουσιν. Συνιέντας γὰρ ἐκάλεσε τοὺς εὐσεβήσαντας, καὶ τῇ φυλακῇ τῶν νόμων ἐγκαρτερήσαντας· τῷ δὲ παραδείγματι τὸ διάφορον αὐτῶν καὶ περιφανὲς ἐμήνυσεν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Those who understand will shine." For he called "understanding" those who were godly and persevered in keeping the laws; and by the comparison he made known their distinction and renown.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.6 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-6).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 7

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-7
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The faithful will have unending honor.

### Greek text

Ὡς οἱ ἀστέρες εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, καὶ ἔτι. Ἀστέρας πάλιν κατὰ τὸ τῆς γραφῆς ἰδίωμα τοὺς λαμπροὺς καὶ περιφανεῖς ἐκάλεσεν· ἵνα οὖν εἴπῃ ὅτι οἱ εὐσεβήσαντες πρὸ τῆς παρανομίας τὸ δίκαιον τετιμηκότες, ἀδιάλειπτον ἕξουσι τὴν τιμὴν διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου· τὸ δὲ καὶ ἔτι, ἔμφασιν ἔχει ὅτι ἀτελεύτητος ἔσται αὐτῶν ἡ τιμή.

### English translation (Claude)

"Like the stars for ever, and beyond." Again, according to the manner of Scripture, he called the radiant and renowned "stars"; to say, then, that those who were godly, honoring what is just above lawlessness, will have undying honor throughout life; and "and beyond" indicates that their honor will be without end.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:3: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:3. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.7 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-7).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 8

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-8
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Sealing the book means leaving it obscure.

### Greek text

Σφράγισον τὸ βιβλίον. Τουτέστι καὶ γράψας ἔασον ἐν ἀφανεῖ· τὸ γὰρ σφράγισον σημαίνει τοῦτο οἶμαι, τὸ μὴ δεῖν αὐτὰ σαφῆ γραφῆναι.

### English translation (Claude)

"Seal the book." That is, having written, leave it in obscurity; for "seal" signifies this, I think: that the things need not be written plainly.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:4. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.8 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-8).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 9

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-9
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The meaning will be clear when the events happen.

### Greek text

Ἕως καιροῦ συντελείας. Ἄχρις οὗ ὁ καιρὸς ἐπιστῇ καθ᾽ ὃν περαιωθῆναι ταῦτα δεῖ· ὥστε ἐκ τῶν πραγμάτων ἀνάγεσθαι ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν λεγομένων ἀλήθειαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until the time of the end." Until the time comes at which these things must be completed; so that from the events one is led to the truth of what is said.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:4. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.9 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-9).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 10

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-10
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Ignorance was useful before the events, knowledge after them.

### Greek text

Ἕως διδαχθῶσι πολλοί. Πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τῆς πείρας τῶν πραγμάτων συνέφερεν ἡ ἄγνοια, ὥστε μὴ φόβῳ αὐτοὺς κατασχεθέντας ἐθελοκακῆσαι πρὸς τὴν ἄνοδον· μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἔκβασιν, λυσιτελὴς ἡ εἴδησις.

### English translation (Claude)

"Until many are taught." For before the experience of the events, ignorance was profitable, so that they would not, held back by fear, willingly lose heart about the return; but after the outcome, knowledge is profitable.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:4: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:4. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.10 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-10).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 11

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-11
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius explains why the two angels' question about the time is added: to comfort the despondent Daniel.

### Greek text

Πληθυνθῇ ἡ γνῶσις. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν πέρας ἔχει τὰ εἰρημένα τῆς τοῦ προφήτου ἀποκαλύψεως, εὔδηλον καὶ πρὸ τοῦ ἑτέρου λόγου· ταῦτα δὲ προστίθεται οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπειδὴ τὰ κατὰ τὸν λαὸν ἀκριβῶς ἀκούσας ὁ Δανιήλ, καὶ ὅτι χείριστα πείσονται ὑπὸ Ἀντιόχου, ὥστε καλύψαι πᾶσαν τὴν πώποτε αὐτοῖς ἐπενεχθεῖσαν συμφοράν, εἰς ἀθυμίαν κατέστη, καὶ οὐδὲ ἐρωτᾶν οἷός τε ἦν, ὁ θεὸς οὐκ ἀπαραμύθητον αὐτὸν καταλιμπάνων, ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου ἀνίησι τῆς φροντίδος· καὶ ἤδη τοῦ ἀγγέλου τοῦ προσδιαλεγομένου, ὡς τετελεκότος τοὺς τῆς διακονίας λόγους, οἰχομένου τε καὶ τὸν ποταμὸν περάσαντος, δείκνυσιν αὐτῷ ἑτέρους δύο ἀγγέλους ἑστῶτας ἑκατέρωθεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ, καὶ πυνθανομένους τίς ὁ χρόνος τῶν ῥηθέντων· οἱ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ ἐρωτᾶν ἴσως εἶχον τὴν ἐξουσίαν· ὁ δὲ ἅτε ἄρχων ἂν τῶν ἀγγέλων, καὶ τὰ κεκρυμμένα εἰδώς, ἀνήγγελλεν· ἢ ἴσως ἅπαντα ἐσχηματίζετο πρὸς τὸ λυσιτελὲς καὶ διδασκαλίαν τοῦ προφήτου.

### English translation (Claude)

"And knowledge will be multiplied." That the things said in the prophet's revelation have an end is clear even before the other word; but these are added not simply, but because Daniel, having heard exactly what concerned the people, and that they would suffer the worst under Antiochus, so as to surpass every misfortune that had ever overtaken them, fell into despondency and was not even able to ask; and God, not leaving him without comfort, relieves him of the care about the time. And when the angel who was speaking with him had now completed the words of his ministry, and was going away and had passed over the river, he shows him two other angels standing on either side of the river and asking what the time of the things said would be; for perhaps they had the authority to ask, while the other, being perhaps the chief of the angels and knowing hidden things, announced it; or perhaps everything was shaped for the profit and teaching of the prophet.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:4–6: allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:4–6. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.11 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-11).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 12

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-12
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The angel's oath confirms the truth of the prophecy.

### Greek text

Ἕως πότε τὸ πέρας; Τουτέστι τῶν συμβησομένων τῷ ἔθνει. — Οὐ τὸν χρόνον μόνον καθ᾽ ὃν συμβήσεται τὰ εἰρημένα, ἠβουλήθη τὸν προφήτην διδάξαι ὁ ἄγγελος, ἀλλὰ καὶ πιστώσασθαι περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας τῶν λεγομένων· διὰ τοῦτο πρὸς πληροφορίαν ἀνατείνας εἰς οὐρανὸν τὰς χεῖρας, ὅρκῳ τῷ κατὰ θεοῦ πιστοῦται περὶ τῶν λεγομένων.

### English translation (Claude)

"How long until the end?" That is, of the things that will happen to the nation. — The angel wished to teach the prophet not only the time at which the things said will happen, but also to give assurance about the truth of what was said; for this reason, raising his hands to heaven for full assurance, he gives his pledge about what was said by an oath by God.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:6–7: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:6–7. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 12.13) is joined here and 12.13 is held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 25–26).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.12 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):25; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-12).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 14

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-14
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: After the people's sufferings the temple will be restored.

### Greek text

Ἐν τῷ συντελεσθῆναι διασκορπισμόν. Μετὰ τὸ δεινά φησι τὸν λαὸν παθεῖν, καὶ τῆς ἐνεγκούσης γενέσθαι φυγάδας τοὺς ὑπὸ θεοῦ ἡγιασμένους, ἅπαντα παυθήσεται τὰ τῶν παρανόμων· καὶ οἵ τε εὐσεβεῖς ἐν ἀδείᾳ διάξουσι· καὶ ὁ ναὸς τὸ πρέπον ἀπολήψεται σχῆμα.

### English translation (Claude)

"When the scattering is completed." After the people have suffered terribly, he says, and those sanctified by God have become exiles from the land that bore them, all the doings of the lawless will cease; the godly will live in safety, and the temple will regain its fitting form.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:7: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 4:36-59 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:7. Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 26.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.14 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-14).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 15

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-15
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel recognized the truth of the words.

### Greek text

Ἤκουσα καὶ συνῆκα. Τουτέστιν ὑπομνησθεὶς τῶν ἤδη ῥηθέντων, ἔγνων ὡς ἀληθῆ τὰ λεγόμενα.

### English translation (Claude)

"I heard and understood." That is, recalling what had already been said, I knew that the things said are true.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:8. Polychronius's lemma reads "and understood", where Theodotion has "and did not understand"; printed so in Mai's edition. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.15 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-15).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 16

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-16
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's question shows his desire to know.

### Greek text

Τί τὰ ἔσχατα τούτων; Δῆλός ἐστιν ὁ Δανιὴλ ὑπὸ πολλῆς τῆς περὶ τὸ θεῖον ἐπιθυμίας πάντα ἐθέλειν μανθάνειν ἀκριβῶς τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα.

### English translation (Claude)

"What are the last of these things?" It is clear that Daniel, from great desire for divine things, wishes to learn exactly everything that comes after.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:8. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.16 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-16).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 17

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-17
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel is told to stop asking; the words stay hidden until fulfilled.

### Greek text

Δεῦρο Δανιήλ. Τουτέστι παῦσαι φιλοπευστῶν περαιτέρω τῶν ῥηθέντων· ἀσαφεῖς γὰρ ἐκείνους τοὺς λόγους εἶναι προσήκει, καὶ ἀποῤῥήτους μένειν παρὰ θεῷ ἄχρις τῆς τῶν χρόνων ἐκβάσεως. — Τὸ ἀσαφὲς τῶν εἰρημένων αἰνιττόμενος.

### English translation (Claude)

"Go, Daniel." That is, stop eagerly inquiring beyond what has been said; for those words must be obscure and remain unspoken with God until the outcome of the times. — Hinting at the obscurity of what was said.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:9: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:9. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.17 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-17).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 18

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-18
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius applies Dan 12:10 to the apostles, the baptized, and the faithful at Christ's coming.

### Greek text

Ἐκλεγῶσι κ. τ. λ. Τοσοῦτον μόνον ἴσθι ὡς πάντα τὰ κάλλιστα κατὰ τὴν τοῦ χριστοῦ ἔσται παρουσίαν· ἐξελέγησαν γὰρ οἱ ἀπόστολοι· ἐκλευκαίνονται δὲ οἱ καθαιρόμενοι, καὶ τῷ βαπτίσματι τῷ ἁγίῳ φωτιζόμενοι· πυροῦνται δὲ οἱ δόκιμοι, διὰ τῆς πίστεως γιγνόμενοι δόκιμοι.

### English translation (Claude)

"They will be chosen," and so on. Know this much only: that all the best things will come at the coming of Christ; for the apostles were chosen; those who are cleansed and enlightened by holy baptism are made white; and the approved are refined by fire, becoming approved through faith.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:10. Here Polychronius turns from Antiochus to Christ. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.18 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-18).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 19

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-19
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The lawless of Dan 12:10 are those who brought about Christ's death; the rejection of the Jews and calling of the Gentiles are veiled.

### Greek text

Ἀνομήσουσιν ἄνομοι. Τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ τοῦ χριστοῦ ἔσται ταῦτα· ἴσθι δὲ ὡς ἔσονταί τινες οἳ τότε πλείστην τὴν ἀσέβειαν ἐπιδείξονται· λέγει δὲ τοὺς περὶ τὸν φόνον τοῦ χριστοῦ σπεύσαντας· ἀορίστως δὲ λέγει, ταῦτά τε κἀκεῖνα παντάπασι κρύπτειν διεγνωκώς, ὡς ἔφην· τήν τε τῶν ἰουδαίων ἀποβολὴν τήν τε τῶν ἐθνῶν κλῆσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"The lawless will act lawlessly." These things, then, will concern Christ; but know that there will be some who will then display the greatest impiety; he means those who hastened to the murder of Christ. He speaks indefinitely, having resolved, as I said, to hide altogether both these things and those: the rejection of the Jews and the calling of the Gentiles.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:10. Polychronius's view is translated as written.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.19 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-19).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 20

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-20
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Those who did not understand are those who crucified Christ.

### Greek text

Οὐ συνήσουσι πάντες ἄνομοι. Πολλοί φησιν οὐκ εἴσονται δεσπότην τὸν παραγινόμενον· αἰνίττεται δὲ ἰουδαίους καὶ τοὺς περὶ τὸν Ἡρώδην καὶ Πιλάτον· περὶ ὧν καὶ ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος λέγει, εἰ γὰρ ἔγνωσαν, οὐκ ἂν τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης ἐσταύρωσαν.

### English translation (Claude)

"None of the lawless will understand." Many, he says, will not know the Master who comes; he hints at the Jews and those around Herod and Pilate, of whom the blessed Paul also says: "For if they had known, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory."

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:10: quotation, high confidence
- 1 Cor 2:8: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:10; 1 Cor 2:8. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.20 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-20).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 21

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-21
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The godly will believe from the signs and fulfilled prophecy.

### Greek text

Οἱ νοήμονες συνήσουσι. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτων ταύτην ἐπιδειξαμένων τὴν γνώμην, οἱ περὶ τὴν εὐσέβειαν ὀρθοὶ πιστεύσουσι· τοῦτο μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων δυσωπούμενοι, τοῦτο δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν τοῦ χριστοῦ ὑπὸ τῶν προφητῶν προῤῥηθέντων τε καὶ ἐκβάντων.

### English translation (Claude)

"Those with insight will understand." But though these showed this attitude, those who are upright in godliness will believe, moved partly by the signs, partly by what the prophets foretold of Christ and what came to pass.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:10: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:10. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.21 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-21).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 22

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-22
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The continual offering is the daily sacrifice.

### Greek text

Ἀπὸ καιροῦ παραλλάξεως τοῦ ἐνδελεχισμοῦ. Ἐνδελεχισμὸν μὲν οὖν καλεῖ τὴν καθημερινὴν θυσίαν· παράλλαξιν δὲ τὴν παρατροπήν, ἀπὸ τοῦ παραλλάττεσθαι καὶ εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον μεθίστασθαι.

### English translation (Claude)

"From the time of the change of the continual offering." By "continual offering" he means the daily sacrifice; by "change" the perversion, from being changed and turned into its opposite.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:11. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.22 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-22).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 23

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-23
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The abomination is Antiochus's altar of Olympian Zeus.

### Greek text

Τοῦ δοθῆναι τὸ βδέλυγμα. Τὸν βωμὸν ὃν ἐπὶ καθαιρέσει τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τιμῇ τοῦ ὀλυμπίου Διὸς ἔστησεν· βούλεται οὖν εἰπεῖν ὅτι μετὰ τὸ τὴν παράνομον θρησκείαν περὶ τὸν ναὸν τελεσθῆναι, καὶ δεινὰ τοὺς ὁμοφύλους τοὺς σοὺς παθεῖν ὡς εἴρηται, ἄρξεταί τις εἶναι μεταβολὴ τῆς ἐκείνων εὐημερίας.

### English translation (Claude)

"For the abomination to be set up." The altar which he set up for the overthrow of the temple and in honor of Olympian Zeus. He means, then, that after the lawless worship has been performed at the temple, and your kinsmen have suffered terribly, as has been said, some change in their prosperity will begin.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:11: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 2 Macc 6:2 (2 Maccabees): allusion, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:11; compare 2 Macc 6:2. The final clause is ambiguous in the Greek ("their" may mean the oppressors); translated literally. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.23 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-23).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 24

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-24
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 1,290 days run from the turn of fortune.

### Greek text

Ἡμέραι χίλιαι σϙʹ. Ἀπὸ τοίνυν ἐκείνου τοῦ καιροῦ καθ᾽ ὃν μετάπτωσίς τε ἔσται ἐπὶ τὸ ἐναντίον, τῶν ἐν δυσκολίαις μὲν ἐξεταζομένων, μελλόντων δὲ ἀπολαμβάνειν τὴν οἰκείαν κατάστασιν, ἔσονται ἡμέραι χίλιαι σϙʹ.

### English translation (Claude)

"One thousand two hundred and ninety days." From that time, then, at which there will be a turn to the opposite, when those who were tried in hardships are about to regain their own condition, there will be one thousand two hundred and ninety days.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:11: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:11. The staged text broke this scholion at the column end; its continuation (staged as 12.25) is joined here and 12.25 is held. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.24 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-24).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 26

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-26
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The 1,335 days mark the vindication of the faithful after Judas Maccabee's victory.

### Greek text

Μακάριος ὁ ὑπομένων καὶ φθάσας εἰς ἡμέρας κτλ. Μακαρίζει τοίνυν τοὺς δεινοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐσεβείας ἐγκαρτερήσαντας, καὶ διηνυκότας τὸν πρότερον χρόνον, λέγω δὲ τῶν ‚ασϙʹ ἡμερῶν, ἐν αἷς ἔτ᾽ ἀμφίβολος ἦν ἡ τῶν εὐσεβῶν πρὸς τοὺς παρανόμους διαφορά· καὶ φθάσαντας εἰς τὸν χρόνον τῶν ‚ατλεʹ ἡμερῶν· ἐν αἷς λοιπὸν μετὰ τὴν κατὰ τοῦ Ἀντιόχου νίκην, λαμπρά τε τοῦ θεοῦ ἐδείκνυτο ἡ βοήθεια· καὶ μακαριστοὶ οἱ ἐπὶ τὸν θεὸν ἠλπικότες εὐφραίνοντο οὐκέτι ἐν λόγοις τὴν ἄνωθεν ἔχοντες ῥοπήν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων δειχθέντες ἀμείνους τε τῶν παρανόμων καὶ θεῷ ἀνακείμενοι διὰ τὴν εὐσέβειαν· ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ πρότερον μετεώρων ἔτι τῶν πραγμάτων κειμένων, καὶ τῆς συμφορᾶς ἐπηρτημένης τοῖς εὐσεβέσιν, ἐγκωμίων οἱ θεραπεύειν τὴν βασιλικὴν ἐξουσίαν βουλόμενοι, οὕτω μετὰ τὴν νίκην τῶν περὶ τὸν Ἰούδαν, οὗτοί τε μακαρισμοῦ ἄξιοι ἐφαίνοντο, κἀκεῖνοι σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἀθλίους ἐνόμιζον.

### English translation (Claude)

"Blessed is the one who endures and reaches the days," and so on. He calls blessed, then, those who persevered through terrible things for godliness and lived through the earlier time, I mean the 1,290 days, in which the difference between the godly and the lawless was still uncertain, and who reached the time of the 1,335 days, in which, after the victory over Antiochus, the help of God was shown brilliantly; and those who had hoped in God, deemed blessed, rejoiced, no longer having the help from above only in words, but shown in deeds to be better than the lawless and devoted to God for their godliness. For just as before, while affairs still hung in suspense and calamity threatened the godly, those who wished to court the royal power were thought worthy of praise, so after the victory of Judas and his men, these appeared worthy of being called blessed, and the others thought themselves wretched.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:12: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- 1 Macc 4 (1 Maccabees): allusion, medium confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:12; compare 1 Macc 4. In the sentence "those who wished to court the royal power [were thought worthy] of praise" the Greek has only the genitive "of praise"; the verb is supplied by sense. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.26 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-26).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 27

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-27
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel is told to rest content with what he knows.

### Greek text

Σὺ δεῦρο καὶ ἀναπαύου. Τουτέστι ταῦτα ἐγνωκώς, ἀπαλλάγηθι τῆς φροντίδος, μηδὲν πλέον τῶν εἰρημένων πολυπραγμονῶν.

### English translation (Claude)

"But you, go and rest." That is, now that you know these things, be rid of anxiety, inquiring no further than what has been said.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.27 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-27).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 28

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-28
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: The fulfillment lies in the future.

### Greek text

Ἔτι γὰρ ἡμέραι. Καὶ γὰρ χρόνοις ὕστερον ἔσται τὰ ῥηθέντα.

### English translation (Claude)

"For there are still days." For indeed the things said will happen at later times.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.28 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-28).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 29

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-29
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: 'Rest' means Daniel's death.

### Greek text

Ἀναπαύσῃ. Ἀντὶ τοῦ, σὺ δὲ μεταλλάξεις τὸν βίον.

### English translation (Claude)

"You will rest." Meaning, you will depart this life.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:13. Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.29 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-29).

## Commentary on Daniel 12, scholion 30

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-12-30
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel will share in the general resurrection and receive his reward.

### Greek text

Ἀναστήσῃ εἰς τὸν κλῆρόν σου. Ἴσθι δέ φησιν, ὡς πᾶσα τοῦ βίου κατάστασις αὕτη παυθήσεται, καὶ ἔσται πάντων ἀνάστασις, ἐν ᾗ τῶν βεβιωμένων ἕκαστος ἕξει τὰς ἀμοιβάς· τὸ τηνικαῦτα δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς τῶν τῆς ἀρετῆς πόνων λήψῃ τὰ ἔπαθλα.

### English translation (Claude)

"You will rise to your lot." Know, he says, that this whole condition of life will cease, and there will be a resurrection of all, in which each will receive the recompense for the life he has lived; and at that time you too will receive the prizes for your labors of virtue.

### Scripture references

- Dan 12:13: quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Dan 12:13. Here Polychronius speaks plainly of the general resurrection (compare his historical reading of Dan 12:2 in 12.5). Greek restored from the page image.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 12.30 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/12-30).

## Commentary on Daniel 13, scholion 1

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-13-1
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26-27
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Polychronius reconciles Astyages, Darius, and Cyrus in the opening of Bel and the Dragon.

### Greek text

Ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀστυάγης. Ὑποπτεύσειεν ἄν τις ἐκ τῶν κειμένων τὸν Ἀστυάγην μῆδον βεβασιλευκέναι μετὰ τὸν Δαρεῖον· ἔχει δὲ οὐχ οὕτως· ἢ γὰρ ἂν ὁ προφήτης ἐμνημόνευσεν ἐν ποίᾳ τινὶ καταστάσει ἐν τοῖς τούτου γέγονε χρόνοις, ὃ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λοιπῶν φαίνεται πεποιηκώς· εὕροι τοίνυν ἄν τις τοῦτο ἀποδεδωκότα τὸν προφήτην τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν εἰρημένοις· φήσας γὰρ ἐν τῇ ἑρμηνείᾳ τῆς γραφῆς τῆς ἐπὶ τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ ἐπὶ τοῦ τοίχου δειχθείσης, ὡς παραλήψονται μῆδοι τὴν βασιλείαν καὶ πέρσαι, ὡς κατὰ ταύτην μὲν ἀρξάντων Δαρείου τε τοῦ μήδου καὶ Κύρου τοῦ πέρσου, μεταστησομένης δὲ ὅσον οὐδέπω τῆς ἀρχῆς εἰς πέρσας ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται· μνημονεύσας τοίνυν τοῦ Δαρείου, ὡς διαδεξαμένου τὸν Βαλτάσαρ, ἐν αὐτῇ γάρ φησι τῇ νυκτὶ ἀνῃρέθη Βαλτάσαρ ὁ βασιλεύς, καὶ παρέλαβε Δαρεῖος ὁ μῆδος τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπισυνάψας τὰς ὀπτασίας ἑαυτοῦ, ἅς ἔν τε τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει τοῦ Βαλτάσαρ ἐθεάσατο, καὶ ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ, καὶ μὴν ἃς εἶδεν αὐτοῦ βεβασιλευκότος Δαρείου, καὶ ἃς εἶδεν ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει Κύρου τοῦ βασιλέως· ἐπειδὴ τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ Κύρου οὐκ ἔφη, ἀλλ᾽ ἁπλῶς ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει εἶδε τὰ καὶ τά, τὸ ἐλλεῖπον τῇ γραφῇ ἀποδιδούς, ἔφη τὸν μὲν Ἀστυάγην τετελευτηκέναι, βεβασιλευκέναι δὲ τὸν Κῦρον· ἦν δὲ οὗτος ὁ Ἀστυάγης βασιλεὺς μὲν περσῶν, πάππος δὲ τοῦ Κύρου, ὡς αἱ ἑλληνικαὶ διδάσκουσι γραφαί, ὃς τεχθέντα ἀνελεῖν ἐβουλήθη· ὁ δὲ Κῦρος σωθεὶς προνοίᾳ θείᾳ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐπελάβετο, καθελὼν τὸν Ἀστυάγην. Νῦν οὖν τὴν μὲν Ἀστυάγους τελευτὴν ἔφη· τοῦ δὲ Κύρου τὴν ἀρχὴν δεικνὺς τὴν ἀληθῆ γραφήν, τὴν ἐπὶ Βαλτάσαρ δειχθεῖσαν, ἣν αὐτὸς ἡρμήνευσε· καὶ ὅτι ὁ θεὸς κηδόμενος τοῦ λαοῦ, σώζειν αὐτὸν διέγνω· τήν τε αὐτοῦ πρόῤῥησιν εἰς πέρας ἄγων, καὶ τῷ πλήθει κατὰ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις τὴν ἄνοδον χαριζόμενος· εἰ δὲ ἡ γραφὴ μετὰ τὸν Δαρεῖον τὸν Κῦρον ἔφη βεβασιλευκέναι, οὐ ξενιστέον· εὔδηλον γὰρ ὡς τὸ τηνικαῦτα τοπαρχίαι αἱ βασιλεῖαι ἐτύγχανον· καὶ ἡ τῶν περσῶν βασιλεία πολλῶν ἐθνῶν ἄρχουσα, διαφόρους ἔχει κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν τοὺς βασιλεύοντας· ἄλλη γὰρ ἦν ἡ ἀσσυρίων βασιλεία, καὶ ἑτέρα ἡ μήδων, καὶ ἄλλη βαβυλωνίων, καὶ ἑτέρα ἡ περσῶν· εἰκὸς οὖν τὸν μὲν Δαρεῖον, μήδων ἄρξαι· ὁμόρου δὲ ἔθνους τὸν Ἀστυάγην, καὶ δεξάμενον τὴν Δαρείου ἀρχὴν Κῦρον, ὡς φρονοῦντα κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ καθελεῖν τὸν Ἀστυάγην. Τοῦτο γὰρ συλλογίσαιτό τις ἔκ τε τῶν ἐν τῇ θείᾳ φερομένων γραφῇ, καὶ ἐξ ὧν ἐκ τῶν ἑλληνικῶν ἱστοριῶν διδασκόμεθα.

### English translation (Claude)

"King Astyages." One might suspect from the text that Astyages the Mede reigned after Darius; but it is not so. For otherwise the prophet would have recorded in what condition he was during his times, as he evidently did in the other cases. One would find, then, that the prophet has accounted for this in what was said earlier. For he said, in the interpretation of the writing shown on the wall under Belshazzar, that the Medes and Persians would take over the kingdom, since under it Darius the Mede and Cyrus the Persian would rule, and the rule would very soon pass to the Persians, as was said earlier. Having mentioned Darius, then, as succeeding Belshazzar (for he says, "That very night Belshazzar the king was killed, and Darius the Mede received his kingdom"), and having at once added his own visions, which he saw in the first year of Belshazzar and in the third, and those he saw when Darius was reigning, and those he saw in the first year of King Cyrus; since he did not state the beginning of Cyrus's reign, but simply said that in the first year he saw such and such things, he now supplies what was lacking in the writing and says that Astyages had died and Cyrus had become king. This Astyages was king of the Persians and grandfather of Cyrus, as the Greek writings teach, who wished to kill him at birth; but Cyrus, saved by divine providence, seized the rule and overthrew Astyages. Now, then, he stated the death of Astyages and, showing the beginning of Cyrus's reign, showed the writing shown under Belshazzar, which he himself had interpreted, to be true, and that God, caring for the people, resolved to save them, bringing his own prediction to fulfillment and granting the multitude the return according to his promises. If Scripture said that Cyrus reigned after Darius, it is no cause for surprise; for clearly the kingdoms at that time were local principalities, and the kingdom of the Persians, ruling many nations, had different rulers in ancient times; for the kingdom of the Assyrians was one, that of the Medes another, that of the Babylonians another, and that of the Persians another. It is likely, then, that Darius ruled the Medes, Astyages a neighboring nation, and that Cyrus, having received Darius's rule, overthrew Astyages as one who plotted against him. One may infer this both from what is contained in divine Scripture and from what we are taught by the Greek histories.

### Scripture references

- Dan 5:30–31: quotation, high confidence

### Extrabiblical texts

- Bel 1 (Bel and the Dragon): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Bel 1 (Theodotion), which Mai prints as chapter 13 of Daniel; Dan 5:30–31. Mai's text calls Astyages "king of the Persians" (Astyages was king of the Medes); printed so, translated as printed. The sentence "and that God, caring for the people, resolved to save them" is loosely attached in the Greek; translated by sense. The staged text broke this scholion at the page end; its continuation (staged as 13.3) is joined here, and 13.2 (a stray heading fragment) and 13.3 are held. Greek restored from the page images (pp. 26–27).

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 13.1 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):26-27; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/13-1).

## Commentary on Daniel 13, scholion 4

- URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/polychronius-fragmenta/12-1/#p-13-4
- Source: Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):27
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-10-23

Summary: Daniel's honor at court displays God's care for him.

### Greek text

Ἦν Δανιὴλ συμβιωτὴς τοῦ βασιλέως. Τουτέστιν ὡς ἐπὶ Δαρείου καὶ Κύρου παραλαβόντος τὴν ἐκείνου ἀρχήν. — Ἔνδοξος ὑπὲρ πάντας τοὺς φίλους αὐτοῦ. Πανταχοῦ φαίνεται τὴν τοῦ προφήτου τιμὴν διδάσκων ὁ συγγραφεύς, μεγίστην τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ πρόνοιαν τοῦ θεοῦ δι᾽ ὅλου δεῖξαι φιλοτιμούμενος· τοῦτο γὰρ ὁμοῦ λαμπρὸν ἐδείκνυ τὸν προφήτην, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς προτροπὴ μεγίστη εἰς ἀρετὴν καθίστατο πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων φαντασίαν κεχηνόσιν.

### English translation (Claude)

"Daniel was a companion of the king." That is, as under Darius, and under Cyrus who took over his rule. — "Honored above all his friends." Everywhere the writer is seen teaching the prophet's honor, striving throughout to show God's very great providence for him; for this at once showed the prophet illustrious, and became the greatest incentive to virtue for the rest, who gape at what impresses men.

### Extrabiblical texts

- Bel 2 (Bel and the Dragon): quotation, high confidence

### Translation notes

- Scholion on Bel 2 (Theodotion). Greek restored from the page image of Mai 1831, p. 27.

### Citation (SBL)

Polychronius, Comm. Dan. 13.4 (Mai Script. vet. nova coll. 1 (1831):27; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/polychronius-fragmenta/13-4).