Tractates on the Gospel of John 42.1–42.16

Augustine of Hippo · Tractates on the Gospel of John · ca. 406–420 · Hippo Regius · 16 passages

Latin text: Migne, PL 35 (Latin text: Migne, Patrologia Latina, digitized by Open Greek and Latin (patrologia_latina-dev, University of Leipzig), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0). Compare: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 7 (1888).

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Chapter 42

42.1PL 35:1699

Dominus noster etiam in forma servi non servus, sed in forma etiam servi Dominus (fuit quippe illa carnis forma servilis, sed quamvis esset similitudo carnis peccati, non erat caro peccati), libertatem promisit credentibus in se: Judæi vero tanquam de sua libertate superbientes, dedignati sunt fieri liberi, cum essent servi peccati. Ideo autem se liberos esse dixerunt, quia semen erant Abrahæ. Quid ergo eis ad hæc responderit Dominus, hodierna lectio cum recitaretur, audivimus. Scio, inquit, quia filii Abrahæ estis: sed quæritis me interficere, quia sermo meus non capit in vobis. Agnosco vos, inquit: filii Abrahæ estis, sed quæritis me interficere, Agnosco car nis originem, non cordis fidem. Filii Abrahæ estis, sed secundum carnem. Ideo, inquit, quæritis me occidere: sermo enim meus non capit in vobis. Si sermo meus ca peretur, caperet; si caperemini, intra retia fidei tan quam pisces concluderemini. Quid est ergo, non capit in vobis? Non capit cor vestrum, quia non recipitur a corde vestro. Sic enim est sermo Dei, et sic esse debet fidelibus, tanquam pisci hamus; tunc capit quando capitur. Nec fit injuria illis qui capiuntur: ad salutem quippe, non ad perniciem capiuntur. Unde Dominus discipulis suis ait: Venite post me, et faciam vos pisca tores hominum. Non ergo isti erant tales: et tamen filii Abrahæ erant; filii hominis Dei, homines iniqui. Trahebant enim carnis genus, sed degeneres facti erant, non imitando fidem illius cujus filii erant.

Our Lord, even in the form of a servant not a servant, but even in the form of a servant the Lord (for that form of flesh was servile, but although it was the likeness of sinful flesh, it was not sinful flesh), promised freedom to those who believed in him; but the Jews, as though proud of their own freedom, disdained to be made free, though they were slaves of sin. They said they were free because they were the seed of Abraham. What, then, the Lord answered them to this, we heard when today's reading was recited. “I know,” he says, “that you are sons of Abraham; but you seek to kill me, because my word does not take hold in you.” I recognize you, he says: you are sons of Abraham, but you seek to kill me. I recognize the origin of the flesh, not the faith of the heart. You are sons of Abraham, but according to the flesh. That is why, he says, you seek to kill me: for my word does not take hold in you. If my word were taken, it would take; if you were taken, you would be enclosed within the nets of faith like fish. What, then, is “does not take hold in you”? It does not take your heart, because it is not received by your heart. For so is the word of God, and so it ought to be to the faithful, like a hook to a fish: it takes when it is taken. Nor is injury done to those who are taken: for they are taken for salvation, not for destruction. Hence the Lord says to his disciples, “Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men.” These, then, were not such; and yet they were sons of Abraham: sons of a man of God, wicked men. For they derived the lineage of the flesh, but they had become degenerate by not imitating the faith of him whose sons they were.

Rom 8:3 (echo, medium confidence) · John 8:37 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 4:19 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Jews were Abraham's sons by the flesh but not by faith; Christ's word, like a hook, did not take hold in them.

John 8:37 and Matt 4:19 are quoted; Rom 8:3 and Phil 2:7 are echoed. Augustine plays on capere (“take hold,” “contain”) in the Old Latin non capit in vobis. His statements about the Jews of the Gospel are translated as written.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text ((aciam → faciam); OCR slip in the digital text (Abr ahœ → Abrahæ); OCR slip in the digital text (Abrahæestis → Abrahæ estis); OCR slip in the digital text (Dci → Dei); OCR slip in the digital text (Nee fit → Nec fit); OCR slip in the digital text (Sdo, → Scio,); OCR slip in the digital text (aermo enim meus non cupit ill → sermo enim meus non capit in); OCR slip in the digital text (cst crgo → est ergo); OCR slip in the digital text (ctiam ill forma servi non semus, sed in forma etium → etiam in forma servi non servus, sed in forma etiam); OCR slip in the digital text (dixcrunt → dixerunt); OCR slip in the digital text (inter ficere → interficere); OCR slip in the digital text (lilii bominis → filii hominis); OCR slip in the digital text (mens non cupit → meus non capit); OCR slip in the digital text (nun recipitur → non recipitur); OCR slip in the digital text (secundumcarnem → secundum carnem); OCR slip in the digital text (sermo unus → sermo meus); OCR slip in the digital text (sna libertate → sua libertate); OCR slip in the digital text (uon cordis → non cordis)): ctiam ill forma servi non semus, sed in forma etium → etiam in forma servi non servus, sed in forma etiam; sna libertate → sua libertate; dixcrunt → dixerunt; Sdo, → Scio,; quæritis me inter ficere, quia → quæritis me interficere, quia; mens non cupit → meus non capit; Abr ahœ → Abrahæ; quæritis me inter ficere, Agnosco → quæritis me interficere, Agnosco; uon cordis → non cordis; Abrahæestis → Abrahæ estis; secundumcarnem → secundum carnem; aermo enim meus non cupit ill → sermo enim meus non capit in; sermo unus → sermo meus; cst crgo → est ergo; nun recipitur → non recipitur; sermo Dci, → sermo Dei,; Nee fit → Nec fit; (aciam → faciam; lilii bominis → filii hominis.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.1 (PL 35:1699; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne PL 35 (digital text, Open Greek and Latin), then compared batch by batch with the public-domain English of NPNF¹ 7 (Gibb and Innes, 1888); differences checked against the Latin.

42.2PL 35:1699–1701

Audistis certe Dominum dicentem, Scio quia filii Abrahæ estis; audite quid dicat postea: Ego quod vidi apud Patrem meum, loquor; et vos quæ vidistis apud patrem vestrum, facitis. Jam dixerat, Scio quia filii Abrahæ estis. Quid autem faciunt? Quod eis dixit, Quæ ritis me occidere. Hoc apud Abraham nunquam viderunt. Dominus autem Patrem Deum vult intelligi cum dicit, Quæ vidi apud Patrem meum, loquor. Veritatem vidi, veritatem loquor, quia Veritas sum. Si enim Dominus veritatem loquitur quam vidit apud Patrem; se vidit, se loquitur: quia ipse est Veritas Patris, quam vidit apud Patrem; ipse est enim Verbum, quod Ver bum erat apud Deum. Isti ergo malum quod faciunt, quod Dominus objurgat et corripit, ubi viderunt? Apud patrem suum. Cum audierimus in consequentibus apertius dictum quis sit eorum pater, tunc intellige mus qualia viderint apud talem patrem: adhuc enim non nominat patrem ipsorum. Paulo superius Abraham commemoravit, sed carnis origine, non vitæ similitudine; dicturus est alterum patrem illorum, qui nec genuit eos, nec creavit ut homines essent; sed tamen filii erant ejus in quantum mali erant, non in quan tum homines erant; in quo imitati, non quod creati.

You surely heard the Lord saying, “I know that you are sons of Abraham”; hear what he says afterward: “I speak what I have seen with my Father; and you do what you have seen with your father.” He had already said, “I know that you are sons of Abraham.” But what do they do? What he said to them: “You seek to kill me.” This they never saw with Abraham. But the Lord wishes God the Father to be understood when he says, “I speak what I have seen with my Father.” I have seen the truth, I speak the truth, because I am the Truth. For if the Lord speaks the truth that he saw with the Father, he saw himself, he speaks himself; because he himself is the Truth of the Father, which he saw with the Father; for he himself is the Word, which Word was with God. Where, then, did these men see the evil they do, which the Lord rebukes and reproves? With their father. When in what follows we hear more plainly who their father is, then we shall understand what kind of things they saw with such a father; for as yet he does not name their father. A little above he mentioned Abraham, but by origin of flesh, not likeness of life; he is going to name another father of theirs, who neither begot them nor created them to be men; but yet they were his sons in so far as they were evil, not in so far as they were men; in that they imitated, not in that they were created.

John 8:37 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:38 (quotation, high confidence) · John 1:1 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Christ speaks what he has seen with the Father, namely himself, the Truth; the Jews do what they have seen with another father, whom they imitate in evil.

John 8:37–38 and John 1:1 are quoted. The digital text's garbled words in this section are corrected or translated by sense.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Abraltæ → Abrahæ); OCR slip in the digital text (IDquor → loquor); OCR slip in the digital text (PatremDeumvult → Patrem Deum vult); OCR slip in the digital text (apnd Abrabam munquamvide-! unt → apud Abraham nunquam viderunt); OCR slip in the digital text (april Patrem → apud Patrem); OCR slip in the digital text (canis origine → carnis origine); OCR slip in the digital text (cis divit → eis dixit); OCR slip in the digital text (cnim Verbum → enim Verbum); OCR slip in the digital text (crant cjus → erant ejus); OCR slip in the digital text (ct corripit → et corripit); OCR slip in the digital text (dicaL → dicat); OCR slip in the digital text (enimDominus → enim Dominus); OCR slip in the digital text (ill consequentibus apertius dielUn) quis sit comm → in consequentibus apertius dictum quis sit eorum); OCR slip in the digital text (loquoT; et VOl → loquor; et vos); OCR slip in the digital text (nidi → vidi); OCR slip in the digital text (patremillorum → patrem illorum); OCR slip in the digital text (qnia → quia); OCR slip in the digital text (qnod → quod); OCR slip in the digital text (similituline → similitudine); OCR slip in the digital text (veritatemloquor → veritatem loquor); OCR slip in the digital text (vidcrim → viderint)): Abraltæ → Abrahæ; dicaL → dicat; nidi → vidi; loquoT; et VOl → loquor; et vos; cis divit → eis dixit; apnd Abrabam munquamvide-! unt → apud Abraham nunquam viderunt; PatremDeumvult → Patrem Deum vult; IDquor → loquor; veritatemloquor → veritatem loquor; enimDominus → enim Dominus; april Patrem → apud Patrem; qnia → quia; cnim Verbum → enim Verbum; qnod → quod; ct corripit → et corripit; ill consequentibus apertius dielUn) quis sit comm → in consequentibus apertius dictum quis sit eorum; vidcrim → viderint; canis origine → carnis origine; similituline → similitudine; patremillorum → patrem illorum; crant cjus → erant ejus.

Topics: Christology

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.2 (PL 35:1699–1701; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.3PL 35:1701

Responderunt, et dixerunt ei: Pater noster Abra ham est: quasi, Quid tu dicturus es contra Abraham? aut, Si aliquid potes, aude reprehendere Abraham. Non quia Dominus non audebat reprehendere Abra ham; sed talis erat Abraham qui non reprehenderetur a Domino, sed potius laudaretur: tamen isti videban tur eum provocare, ut aliquid mali dicere de Abra ham, et esset occasio faciendi quod cogitabant. Pater noster Abraham est.

“They answered and said to him, Our father is Abraham”: as though to say, What are you going to say against Abraham? Or: If you can do anything, dare to find fault with Abraham. Not that the Lord did not dare to find fault with Abraham; but Abraham was such that he would not be faulted by the Lord but rather praised. Yet they seemed to be provoking him to say something bad about Abraham, so that there might be an occasion to do what they were planning. “Our father is Abraham.”

John 8:39 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Jews appealed to Abraham, hoping to provoke Christ to speak against him.

John 8:39 is quoted.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Dominio → Domino); OCR slip in the digital text (Hccasio → occasio); OCR slip in the digital text (ci: → ei:); OCR slip in the digital text (crat → erat); OCR slip in the digital text (cum provocare → eum provocare)): dixerunt ci: Pater → dixerunt ei: Pater; crat → erat; Dominio → Domino; cum provocare → eum provocare; Hccasio → occasio.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.3 (PL 35:1701; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.4PL 35:1701

Audiamus quomodo eis responderit Dominus, cum illorum damnatione laudans Abraham, Dicit eis Jesus: Si filii Abrahæ estis, opera Abrahæ facite. Nunc autem quæritis me interficere, hominem qui veritatem vobis locutus sum, quam audivi a Deo: hoc Abraham non fecit. Ecce ille laudatus, isti damnati. Abraham non erat homicida. Non dico, inquit, Ego Dominus sum Abrahæ: quod si dicerem, verum dicerem. Nam dixit alio loco, Ante Abraham ego sum: tunc eum illi lapidare voluerunt: non dixit hoc. Interim quod videtis, quod aspicitis, quod me solum putatis, homo sum: hominem dicentem vobis quod audivit a Deo, quare vultis occidere, nisi quia non estis filii Abrahæ? Et tamen superius ait, Scio quia filii Abrahæ estis. Non negat eorum originem, sed facta condemnat: caro eorum ex illo erat, sed vita non erat.

Let us hear how the Lord answered them, praising Abraham while condemning them. “Jesus says to them, If you are sons of Abraham, do the works of Abraham. But now you seek to kill me, a man who has spoken the truth to you, which I heard from God: this Abraham did not do.” See, he is praised, they are condemned. Abraham was not a murderer. I do not say, he says, “I am Abraham's Lord”: though if I said it, I would speak the truth. For he said in another place, “Before Abraham, I am”; then they wanted to stone him; he did not say this now. Meanwhile, what you see, what you look on, what you think me alone to be, I am a man: why do you want to kill a man who tells you what he heard from God, except that you are not sons of Abraham? And yet above he said, “I know that you are sons of Abraham.” He does not deny their origin, but condemns their deeds: their flesh was from him, but their life was not.

John 8:39 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:40 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:58 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:59 (allusion, high confidence) · John 8:37 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Christ praised Abraham and condemned the Jews: seeking to kill a man who spoke God's truth, they were not Abraham's sons in deeds.

John 8:39–40, 8:58–59, and 8:37 are quoted.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (BUnt: tunc cum → sum: tunc eum); OCR slip in the digital text (Eccc → Ecce); OCR slip in the digital text (Intcrim quod vidcLis → Interim quod videtis); OCR slip in the digital text (Uicit → Dicit); OCR slip in the digital text (corum → eorum); OCR slip in the digital text (crat → erat); OCR slip in the digital text (facile → facite); OCR slip in the digital text (loculus → locutus); OCR slip in the digital text (nou estis → non estis); OCR slip in the digital text (nun dixit → non dixit); OCR slip in the digital text (quod lue Solum pnLaLis → quod me solum putatis); OCR slip in the digital text (quæ itis → quæritis); OCR slip in the digital text (tanten → tamen)): Uicit → Dicit; facile → facite; quæ itis → quæritis; loculus → locutus; Eccc → Ecce; crat → erat; BUnt: tunc cum → sum: tunc eum; nun dixit → non dixit; Intcrim quod vidcLis → Interim quod videtis; quod lue Solum pnLaLis → quod me solum putatis; nou estis → non estis; tanten → tamen; corum → eorum.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.4 (PL 35:1701; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.5PL 35:1701

Nos autem, charissimi, numquid de genere ve nimus Abrahæ, aut ullo modo Abraham pater noster fuit secundum carnem? Originem de carne ejus caro Judæorum ducit, non caro Christianorum: nos de aliis gentibus venimus; et tamen imitando, Abrahæ filii facti sumus. Audi Apostolum: Abrahæ dictæ sunt promissio nes et semini ejus. Non dicit, inquit, Et seminibus, tan quam in multis; sed tanquam in uno, Et semini tuo, quod est Christus. Si autem vos Christi, ergo semen Abrahæ estis, secundum promissionem hæredes. Nos ergo facti sumus semen Abrahæ gra tia Dei. Non de carne Abrahæ fecit illi cohæredes Deus. Illos exhæredavit, istos adoptavit: et de arbore illa olivæ, cujus radix est in Patriarchis, ramos naturales superbos amputavit, humilem oleastrum inseruit. Ideo cum venirent ad Joannem baptizandi Judæi, erupit in illos, et ait illis, Generatio viperarum. Maxime quippe de altitudine originis glo riabantur: ille autem generationem eos dixit vipera rum; non saltem hominum, sed viperarum. Hominum formam videbat, sed venenum agnoscebat. Venerant tamen mutandi, quia utique baptizandi: et ait illis, Generatio viperarum, quis vobis ostendit fugere a ventura ira? Facite ergo fructus dignos pœnitentiæ. Et nolite di cere intra vos ipsos, Patrem habemus Abraham: potens est enim Deus de lapidibus istis suscitare filios Abrahæ. Si fructus dignos pœnitentiæ non feceritis, nolite vobis de illa stirpe blandiri: potens est Deus et vos damnare, et Abraham filiis non fraudare. Habet enim unde excitet filios Abrahæ: fient filii qui fidem fuerint imitati: Potens est Deus de lapidibus istis suscitare filios Abrahæ. Nos sumus: in parentibus nostris lapides eramus, quando pro Deo lapides colebamus; de talibus lapidibus familiam Deus fecit Abrahæ.

But we, dearly beloved, do we come from the lineage of Abraham, or was Abraham in any way our father according to the flesh? The flesh of the Jews draws its origin from his flesh, not the flesh of Christians: we come from other nations; and yet by imitating we have been made sons of Abraham. Hear the apostle: “To Abraham were the promises spoken, and to his seed. He does not say, And to seeds, as of many, but as of one, And to your seed, which is Christ. But if you are Christ's, then you are the seed of Abraham, heirs according to the promise.” We, then, have been made the seed of Abraham by the grace of God. God did not make his fellow heirs from Abraham's flesh. Those he disinherited, these he adopted; and from that olive tree whose root is in the patriarchs he cut off the proud natural branches and grafted in the humble wild olive. That is why, when the Jews came to John to be baptized, he burst out at them and said to them, “Brood of vipers.” For they gloried most of all in the loftiness of their origin; but he called them a brood of vipers: not even of men, but of vipers. He saw the form of men, but recognized the poison. Yet they had come to be changed, since they had come to be baptized; and he said to them, “Brood of vipers, who showed you to flee from the wrath to come? Bear, then, fruits worthy of repentance. And do not say within yourselves, We have Abraham as father; for God is able from these stones to raise up sons to Abraham.” If you do not bear fruits worthy of repentance, do not flatter yourselves about that stock: God is able both to condemn you and not to cheat Abraham of sons. For he has the means to raise up sons to Abraham: those will be sons who have imitated his faith. “God is able from these stones to raise up sons to Abraham.” We are they: in our parents we were stones, when we worshiped stones instead of God; from such stones God has made the family of Abraham.

Gal 3:16 (quotation, high confidence) · Gal 3:29 (quotation, high confidence) · Rom 11:17 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 3:7 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 3:8 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 3:9 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 3:8 (quotation, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Gentile Christians, not descended from Abraham, have become his sons by imitating his faith; God raised them from the stones of idolatry, as John the Baptist warned.

Gal 3:16, 29, Matt 3:7–9, and Luke 3:7–8 are quoted; Rom 11:17–24 is alluded to. Paenitentia is rendered “repentance.” Augustine's statements on the Jews' disinheritance are translated as written.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Abrallæ dictæ Bunt → Abrahæ dictæ sunt); OCR slip in the digital text (Dens ct vos → Deus et vos); OCR slip in the digital text (Nus ergo → Nos ergo); OCR slip in the digital text (caru Christianorum → caro Christianorum); OCR slip in the digital text (cst enime → est enim); OCR slip in the digital text (ct tamen → et tamen); OCR slip in the digital text (dc carne → de carne); OCR slip in the digital text (eat Christus → est Christus); OCR slip in the digital text (fslis → estis); OCR slip in the digital text (lilios → filios); OCR slip in the digital text (noslris → nostris); OCR slip in the digital text (pro Den łapides colcbamus → pro Deo lapides colebamus); OCR slip in the digital text (quia vobis ostendit → quis vobis ostendit); OCR slip in the digital text (quippc → quippe); OCR slip in the digital text (suscitate → suscitare); OCR slip in the digital text (uos ipsos → vos ipsos)): dc carne → de carne; caru Christianorum → caro Christianorum; ct tamen → et tamen; Abrallæ dictæ Bunt → Abrahæ dictæ sunt; eat Christus → est Christus; fslis → estis; Nus ergo → Nos ergo; quippc → quippe; quia vobis ostendit → quis vobis ostendit; uos ipsos → vos ipsos; cst enime → est enim; Dens ct vos → Deus et vos; lilios → filios; suscitate → suscitare; noslris → nostris; pro Den łapides colcbamus → pro Deo lapides colebamus.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.5 (PL 35:1701; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.6PL 35:1701

Quid se ergo extollit inanis et vana jactatio? Filii Abrahæ gloriari jam desinant: audierunt quod audire debuerunt, Si filii Abrahæ estis, factis probate, non verbis. Quæritis me occidere hominem: interim non dico Filium Dei, non dico Deum, non dico Verbum, quia non moritur Verbum; hoc dico quod videtis, quia et quod videtis potestis occidere, et quem non videtis offendere. Hoc ergo Abraham non fecit. Vos fa citis opera patris vestri. Et adhuc non dicit quis est iste pater eorum.

Why, then, does empty and vain boasting exalt itself? Let them now stop glorying as sons of Abraham. They have heard what they ought to hear: “If you are sons of Abraham,” prove it by deeds, not words. “You seek to kill me, a man”: meanwhile I do not say the Son of God, I do not say God, I do not say the Word, because the Word does not die; I say this which you see, because you can both kill what you see and offend him whom you do not see. “This Abraham did not do. You do the works of your father.” And still he does not say who that father of theirs is.

John 8:39 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:40 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:41 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Sons of Abraham must prove it by deeds; the Jews sought to kill the man they saw, offending the God they did not see, and so did their own father's works.

John 8:39–41 is quoted.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (HOM fecit → non fecit); OCR slip in the digital text (andire → audire); OCR slip in the digital text (boc dico → hoc dico); OCR slip in the digital text (corum → eorum); OCR slip in the digital text (interim quo dico → interim non dico); OCR slip in the digital text (jactatio q Filii → jactatio? Filii); OCR slip in the digital text (morilur → moritur); OCR slip in the digital text (nou dicit → non dicit); OCR slip in the digital text (nou verbis → non verbis); OCR slip in the digital text (nun dico → non dico); OCR slip in the digital text (occidcre → occidere); OCR slip in the digital text (qnod → quod)): jactatio q Filii → jactatio? Filii; andire → audire; nou verbis → non verbis; interim quo dico → interim non dico; nun dico → non dico; morilur → moritur; boc dico → hoc dico; qnod → quod; occidcre → occidere; HOM fecit → non fecit; nou dicit → non dicit; corum → eorum.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.6 (PL 35:1701; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.7PL 35:1701

Modo illi quid responderunt. Cœperunt enim ut cumque cognoscere, non de carnis generatione Do minum loqui, sed de vitæ institutione. Et quia consue tudo Scripturarum est, quas legebant, fornicationem spiritualiter appellare, cum diis multis et falsis anima tanquam prostituta subjicitur, ad hoc responderunt: Dixerunt itaque ei, Nos ex fornicatione non sumus nati, unum patrem habemus Deum. Jam viluit Abraham. Repulsi enim sunt, quomodo repelli debuerunt ore veridico; quia talis erat Abraham, cujus facta non imitabantur, et de illius genere gloriabantur. Et mutaverunt responsionem; credo, dicentes apud semetipsos: Quotiescumque nominaverimus Abraham, di cturus est nobis, Quare non imitamini eum, de cujus genere gloriamini? Nos sanctum, justum, innocentem, tantum virum imitari non possumus: Deum dicamus patrem nostrum, videamus quid nobis dicturus est.

Now what did they answer? For they began in some way to recognize that the Lord was speaking not of the begetting of the flesh but of the ordering of life. And since it is the custom of the Scriptures which they read to call it spiritual fornication when the soul, like a prostitute, subjects itself to many false gods, they answered to this: “So they said to him, We were not born of fornication; we have one father, God.” Now Abraham has become worthless to them. For they were repulsed, as they ought to have been repulsed, by the truthful mouth; because Abraham was such that they did not imitate his deeds and gloried in his lineage. And they changed their answer, saying, I believe, among themselves: “Whenever we name Abraham, he will say to us, Why do you not imitate him in whose lineage you glory? We cannot imitate so holy, just, innocent, and great a man: let us call God our father; let us see what he will say to us.”

John 8:41 (quotation, high confidence) · Hos 2:2 (allusion, low confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Rebuffed about Abraham, the Jews claimed God as their father, denying spiritual fornication, that is, idolatry.

John 8:41 is quoted. Fornicatio is rendered “fornication” here because the sense is the biblical figure of idolatry as prostitution (compare Hos 2; Ezek 16).

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Dcum dicamus → Deum dicamus); OCR slip in the digital text (Noa ex (ornicanolle MOM → Nos ex fornicatione non); OCR slip in the digital text (cst, quas → est, quas); OCR slip in the digital text (gencre → genere); OCR slip in the digital text (irnitnri → imitari); OCR slip in the digital text (nominavermus AbrahAm → nominaverimus Abraham); OCR slip in the digital text (seluet. ipsos → semetipsos)): cst, quas → est, quas; Noa ex (ornicanolle MOM → Nos ex fornicatione non; gencre → genere; seluet. ipsos → semetipsos; nominavermus AbrahAm → nominaverimus Abraham; irnitnri → imitari; Dcum dicamus → Deum dicamus.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.7 (PL 35:1701; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.8PL 35:1701

Prorsus falsitas invenit quod diceret, et non in veniret veritas quid responderet? Audiamus quid dicant, audiamus quid audiant: Unum, inquiunt, pa trem habemus Deum. Dixit ergo eis Jesus: Si Deus pater vester esset, diligeretis utique me: ego enim ex Deo pro cessi et veni. Neque enim a meipso veni, sed ille me misit. Dicitis Deum patrem, agnoscite me vel fratrem. Verumtamen erexit intelligentibus cor, et illud tetigit quod solet dicere, Non a meipso veni, ille me misit, a Deo processi et veni. Mementote quid soleamus dicere, Ab illo venit; et a quo venit, cum illo venit. Christi ergo missio est incarnatio. Quod vero de Deo processit Verbum, æterna processio est: non habet tem pus, per quem factum est tempus. Nemo dicat in corde suo: Antequam esset Verbum, quomodo erat Deus? Nunquam dicas: Antequam esset Verbum Dei. Nunquam Deus sine Verbo fuit; quia Verbum est manens, non transiens; Deus, non sonus; per quem factum est cœlum et terra, non quod præteriit cum iis quæ facta sunt super terram. Ergo ab illo processit ut Deus, ut æqualis, ut Filius unicus, ut Verbum Patris: et venit ad nos, quia Verbum caro factum est, ut habitaret in nobis. Adventus ejus, humanitas ejus: mansio ejus, divinitas ejus: divinitas ejus quo imus, humanitas ejus qua imus. Nisi nobis fieret qua iremus, nunquam ad illum manentem perveniremus.

So falsehood found something to say, and would truth not find something to answer? Let us hear what they say; let us hear what they hear. “We have,” they say, “one father, God. Jesus said to them, If God were your father, you would surely love me; for I proceeded from God and have come. For I have not come of myself, but he sent me.” You call God your father: acknowledge me at least as your brother. Yet he lifted up the heart of those who understand, and touched on what he is accustomed to say: “I have not come of myself, he sent me; I proceeded from God and have come.” Remember what we are accustomed to say: he came from him, and from whom he came, with him he came. So the sending of Christ is his incarnation. But that the Word proceeded from God is an eternal procession: he through whom time was made does not have time. Let no one say in his heart, “Before the Word was, how was God?” Never say, “Before the Word of God was.” God was never without the Word; because the Word is abiding, not passing; God, not a sound; through whom heaven and earth were made, not one that passed away with the things made upon the earth. So he proceeded from him as God, as equal, as the only Son, as the Word of the Father; and he came to us, because the Word became flesh to dwell among us. His coming is his humanity; his abiding is his divinity: his divinity is where we are going, his humanity is the way by which we go. Unless he had become for us the way by which we might go, we would never come to him who abides.

John 8:41 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:42 (quotation, high confidence) · John 1:14 (quotation, high confidence) · John 14:6 (echo, medium confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Christ's coming from the Father is his incarnation; his proceeding from God is eternal, for God was never without the Word; his humanity is our way to his divinity.

John 8:41–42 and John 1:14 are quoted; John 14:6 is echoed. The digital text's “cessit” after de Deo is translated as “proceeded” (processit), as the context requires.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Nunqnam Deus sinc → Nunquam Deus sine); OCR slip in the digital text (V erbum caru → Verbum caro); OCR slip in the digital text (agnoscitc une vel → agnoscite me vel); OCR slip in the digital text (cjus → ejus); OCR slip in the digital text (corde sun: → corde suo:); OCR slip in the digital text (ct non in veniret → et non in veniret); OCR slip in the digital text (dc Deu cessit → de Deo processit); OCR slip in the digital text (eia Jesus → eis Jesus); OCR slip in the digital text (esi tempus → est tempus); OCR slip in the digital text (habilaret → habitaret); OCR slip in the digital text (missio, est → missio est); OCR slip in the digital text (ut Deus, III aqualis → ut Deus, ut æqualis); OCR slip in the digital text (veuit → venit)): ct non in veniret → et non in veniret; eia Jesus → eis Jesus; agnoscitc une vel → agnoscite me vel; missio, est → missio est; dc Deu cessit → de Deo processit; esi tempus → est tempus; corde sun: → corde suo:; Nunqnam Deus sinc → Nunquam Deus sine; ut Deus, III aqualis → ut Deus, ut æqualis; veuit → venit; V erbum caru → Verbum caro; habilaret → habitaret; cjus → ejus.

Topics: Trinity, Christology

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.8 (PL 35:1701; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.9PL 35:1701–1703

Quare, inquit, loquelam meam non cognoscitis? Quia non potestis audire sermonem meum. Ideo non poterant cognoscere, quia non poterant audire. Sed unde audire non poterant, nisi quia corrigi credendo nolebant? Et hoc unde? Vos a patre diabolo estis. Quamdiu patrem commemoratis? Quamdiu patres mutatis, modo Abraham, modo Deum? Audite a Filio Dei, cujus sitis filii: A patre diabolo estis

“Why,” he says, “do you not recognize my speech? Because you cannot hear my word.” That is why they could not recognize it: because they could not hear. But why could they not hear, except that they would not be corrected by believing? And why this? “You are from your father the devil.” How long will you keep mentioning a father? How long will you keep changing fathers, now Abraham, now God? Hear from the Son of God whose sons you are: “You are from your father the devil.”

John 8:43 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:44 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Jews could not hear Christ's word because they would not be corrected; he tells them their father is the devil.

John 8:43–44 is quoted. The Gospel's statement and Augustine's explanation of it (42.10) are translated as written.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Filio Del → Filio Dei); OCR slip in the digital text (MOM volestis → non potestis); OCR slip in the digital text (QlIare → Quare); OCR slip in the digital text (audire. non → audire non)): QlIare → Quare; MOM volestis → non potestis; audire. non → audire non; Filio Del → Filio Dei.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.9 (PL 35:1701–1703; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.10PL 35:1703

Hic jam cavenda est haeresis Manichæorum, quæ dicit esse quamdam naturam mali et quamdam gentem tenebrarum cum principibus suis, quæ ausa est pugnare contra Deum: illum vero Deum, ne debellaret gens adversa regnum ejus, misisse contra eam tanquam viscera sua principes de luce sua; eamque gentem fuisse debellatam. unde diabolus originem ducit. Hinc dicunt ducere originem carnem nostram; et secundum hoc putant dictum a Domino, Vos a patre diabolo estis, quod essent illi velut natura mali, ducentes originem de gente contraria tenebrarum. Sic errant, sic excæcantur, sic seipsos faciunt gentem tenebrarum, credendo quod falsum est contra eum a quo creati sunt. Bona est enim omnis natura; sed vitiata est hominis natura per voluntatem malam. Quod fecit Deus non potest esse malum, si ipse homo non sit sibi malus: sed plane Creator, Creator est; creatura, creatura est; æquari creatura non potest Creatori. Discernite eum qui fecit, ab eo quod fecit. Æquari non potest fabro scamnum, æquari non potest columna structori; et tamen faber si scamnum fecit, lignum ipse non creavit. Dominus autem Deus noster quia omnipotens est, et Verbo fecit quod fecit: omnia quæ fecit non habuit unde faceret, et tamen fecit. Facta sunt enim quia voluit, facta sunt quia dixit: sed facta factori comparari non possunt. Quæris quod compares, Filium unicum agnosce. Unde ergo Judæi filii diaboli? Imitando, non nascendo. Audite Scripturæ sanctæ consuetudinem. Propheta dicit ad ipsos Judæos: Pater tuus Amorrhæus, et mater tua Cethæa. Amorrhæi gens erat quædam, unde originem Judæi non ducebant: Cethæi et ipsi gentem suam habe bant, omnino alienam a genere Judæorum. Sed quia erant impii Amorrhæi et Cethæi, Judaei autem imitati sunt impietates illorum; invenerunt sibi parentes, non de quibus nascerentur, sed quorum mores sectando pariter damnarentur. Quæritis autem fortasse, unde ipse diabolus? Inde utique unde et caeteri Ange li. Sed cæteri Angeli in sua obedientia perstiterunt: ille inobediendo et superbiendo lapsus est angelus, et factus est diabolus.

Here now we must beware of the heresy of the Manichees, which says that there is a certain nature of evil and a certain race of darkness with its princes, which dared to fight against God; and that God, so that the hostile race might not conquer his kingdom, sent against it, as though his own vitals, princes from his own light; and that this race was conquered, from which the devil derives his origin. From this they say our flesh derives its origin; and according to this they think the Lord said, “You are from your father the devil,” because they were as it were evil by nature, deriving their origin from the hostile race of darkness. So they err, so they are blinded, so they make themselves a race of darkness, by believing what is false against him by whom they were created. For every nature is good; but the nature of man has been vitiated by an evil will. What God made cannot be evil, unless man himself is evil to himself; but plainly the Creator is the Creator, the creature is the creature; the creature cannot be made equal to the Creator. Distinguish him who made from what he made. A bench cannot be made equal to the carpenter, a column cannot be made equal to the builder; and yet the carpenter, if he made a bench, did not himself create the wood. But the Lord our God, because he is almighty, made by the Word what he made: he had nothing from which to make all that he made, and yet he made it. For they were made because he willed, they were made because he spoke; but the things made cannot be compared to their maker. If you seek something to compare, acknowledge the only Son. How, then, were the Jews sons of the devil? By imitating, not by being born. Hear the custom of holy Scripture. The prophet says to the Jews themselves, “Your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.” The Amorites were a certain nation from which the Jews did not derive their origin; the Hittites too had their own nation, altogether foreign to the race of the Jews. But because the Amorites and Hittites were ungodly, and the Jews imitated their impieties, they found parents for themselves, not from whom they were born, but by following whose ways they would be condemned with them. But perhaps you ask, where is the devil himself from? From the same place, surely, as the other angels. But the other angels persevered in their obedience; he, by disobeying and being proud, fell as an angel and became the devil.

John 8:44 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 16:3 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Against the Manichees, who held the devil and our flesh to come from an evil nature, the Jews were the devil's sons by imitation, as Scripture calls Jerusalem a child of the Amorites; the devil himself was an angel who fell by pride.

John 8:44 and Ezek 16:3 are quoted. Augustine's summary of the Manichaean myth (the race of darkness and the princes of light) is translated as written.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Creatur est → Creator est); OCR slip in the digital text (DiscerniLe eum qui fecit, ab eo quod Ætquari → Discernite eum qui fecit, ab eo quod fecit. Æquari); OCR slip in the digital text (Juda'os → Judæos); OCR slip in the digital text (Mon nascendo. Audile → non nascendo. Audite); OCR slip in the digital text (Ucus noster quia omnipotens csL → Deus noster quia omnipotens est); OCR slip in the digital text (Undc ergo Judæi lilii → Unde ergo Judæi filii); OCR slip in the digital text (consueLudinem → consuetudinem); OCR slip in the digital text (crat → erat); OCR slip in the digital text (impictales iMorum; invenerunt sibi parenleS → impietates illorum; invenerunt sibi parentes); OCR slip in the digital text (inonediendo lot superbiendo tapsus est angelus, ct → inobediendo et superbiendo lapsus est angelus, et); OCR slip in the digital text (liguum → lignum); OCR slip in the digital text (nun habuit → non habuit); OCR slip in the digital text (scipsos → seipsos); OCR slip in the digital text (tenbrarum → tenebrarum); OCR slip in the digital text (uaicum → unicum); OCR slip in the digital text (undc ipse → unde ipse); OCR slip in the digital text (uon possunt → non possunt)): scipsos → seipsos; tenbrarum → tenebrarum; Creatur est → Creator est; DiscerniLe eum qui fecit, ab eo quod Ætquari → Discernite eum qui fecit, ab eo quod fecit. Æquari; liguum → lignum; Ucus noster quia omnipotens csL → Deus noster quia omnipotens est; nun habuit → non habuit; uon possunt → non possunt; uaicum → unicum; Undc ergo Judæi lilii → Unde ergo Judæi filii; Mon nascendo. Audile → non nascendo. Audite; consueLudinem → consuetudinem; Juda'os → Judæos; crat → erat; impictales iMorum; invenerunt sibi parenleS → impietates illorum; invenerunt sibi parentes; undc ipse → unde ipse; inonediendo lot superbiendo tapsus est angelus, ct → inobediendo et superbiendo lapsus est angelus, et.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.10 (PL 35:1703; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.11PL 35:1703

Sed modo audite quid dicat Dominus, Vos, inquit, a patre diabolo estis, et desideria patris vestri vultis facere. Ecce unde filii ejus; quia talia desi deratis, non quia de illo nati estis. Quae sunt illius desideria? Ille homicida erat ab initio. Ecce quod est, desideria patris vestri facere vultis: Quæritis me oc cidere, hominem qui veritatem vobis dico. Et ille invidit homini, et occidit hominem. Diabolus enim cum in videret homini, serpente indutus locutus est mulieri, et de muliere venenavit et virum. Mortui sunt diabo lum audiendo, quem non audissent, si Dominum audire voluissent: positus enim homo in ter eum qui creavit, et eum qui lapsus est, obtem perare debuit Creatori, non deceptori. Ergo ille ho micida erat ab initio. Videte genus homicidii, fratres, Homicida dicitur diabolus, non gladio armatus, non ferro accinctus; ad hominem venit, verbum malum seminavit, et occidit. Noli ergo putare te non esse homicidam, quando fratri tuo mala persuades: si fratri tuo mala persuades, occidis. Et ut scias quia occidis, audi Psalmum: Filii hominum, dentes eorum arma et sagittæ, et lingua eorum machæra acuta. Vos ergo desideria patris vestri vultis facere: ideo sævitis in carnem, quia non potestis in mentem. Ille homicida erat ab initio: utique in primo homine. Ex illo ille homicida, ex quo potuit fieri homicidium: ex illo potuit fieri homicidium, ex quo factus est homo. Non enim posset occidi homo, nisi prius fie ret homo. Homicida ergo ille ab initio. Et unde homi cida? Et in veritate non stetit. Ergo in veritate fuit, sed non stando cecidit. Et quare in veritate non stetit? Quia veritas non est in eo. Non quomodo in Christo, sic est veritas, ut Christus ipse sit veritas. Si ergo iste in veritate stetisset, in Christo stetisset, sed in veritate non stetit, quia veritas non est in eo.

But now hear what the Lord says: “You,” he says, “are from your father the devil, and you want to do the desires of your father.” See why you are his sons: because you desire such things, not because you were born of him. What are his desires? “He was a murderer from the beginning.” See what “you want to do the desires of your father” is: you seek to kill me, a man who tells you the truth. And he envied man, and killed man. For the devil, envying man, clothed himself in a serpent and spoke to the woman, and from the woman he poisoned the man too. They died by listening to the devil, whom they would not have listened to if they had wished to listen to the Lord: for man, placed between him who created him and him who had fallen, ought to have obeyed the Creator, not the deceiver. So “he was a murderer from the beginning.” See the kind of murder, brothers. The devil is called a murderer, not armed with a sword, not girt with iron: he came to man, sowed an evil word, and killed. Do not think, then, that you are not a murderer when you persuade your brother to evil: if you persuade your brother to evil, you kill. And that you may know that you kill, hear the Psalm: “The sons of men, their teeth are weapons and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword.” So “you want to do the desires of your father”: therefore you rage against the flesh, because you cannot against the mind. “He was a murderer from the beginning”: surely in the first man. He was a murderer from the time when murder could be done; murder could be done from the time man was made. For man could not be killed unless man were first made. So he was a murderer from the beginning. And why a murderer? “And he did not stand in the truth.” So he was in the truth, but by not standing he fell. And why did he not stand in the truth? “Because the truth is not in him.” Not as in Christ: there the truth is such that Christ himself is the truth. If, then, he had stood in the truth, he would have stood in Christ; but he did not stand in the truth, because the truth is not in him.

John 8:44 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:40 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 3:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 3:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Ps 57:4 (56:5 LXX) (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Jews were the devil's sons because they shared his desires: he was a murderer from the beginning by persuading man to evil, and he fell from the truth.

John 8:44, 8:40, and Ps 57:4 (56:5 LXX) are quoted; Gen 3:1–6 and Wis 2:24 (the devil's envy) are alluded to. Wisdom of Solomon is outside the 66 books and is tagged as extrabiblical.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (MOM stetit → non stetit); OCR slip in the digital text (Mon stetit → non stetit); OCR slip in the digital text (NoH ergo → Noli ergo); OCR slip in the digital text (Psalmum,: → Psalmum:); OCR slip in the digital text (cnim homo → enim homo); OCR slip in the digital text (cum qui creavit → eum qui creavit); OCR slip in the digital text (d Dominum → si Dominum); OCR slip in the digital text (diabolus. non → diabolus, non); OCR slip in the digital text (eat in eo → est in eo); OCR slip in the digital text (factus est Ino. Nou cnim posset occidi hamo, nisi p ius fie reL → factus est homo. Non enim posset occidi homo, nisi prius fie ret); OCR slip in the digital text (hOltliui → homini); OCR slip in the digital text (honaicidiunl: ex illa → homicidium: ex illo); OCR slip in the digital text (idco → ideo); OCR slip in the digital text (ill eo → in eo); OCR slip in the digital text (in vidit homini, ct accidit → invidit homini, et occidit); OCR slip in the digital text (inilio → initio); OCR slip in the digital text (lilii → filii); OCR slip in the digital text (noa ferro → non ferro); OCR slip in the digital text (patria vestri vullis → patris vestri vultis); OCR slip in the digital text (patria vestri vultis → patris vestri vultis); OCR slip in the digital text (qnia non → quia non); OCR slip in the digital text (qnod est, desideria patria vestri (ncere → quod est, desideria patris vestri facere); OCR slip in the digital text (semina vit → seminavit); OCR slip in the digital text (tHo nati → illo nati)): patria vestri vullis → patris vestri vultis; lilii → filii; tHo nati → illo nati; qnod est, desideria patria vestri (ncere → quod est, desideria patris vestri facere; in vidit homini, ct accidit → invidit homini, et occidit; hOltliui → homini; d Dominum → si Dominum; cnim homo → enim homo; cum qui creavit → eum qui creavit; diabolus. non → diabolus, non; noa ferro → non ferro; semina vit → seminavit; NoH ergo → Noli ergo; Psalmum,: → Psalmum:; patria vestri vultis → patris vestri vultis; idco → ideo; qnia non → quia non; honaicidiunl: ex illa → homicidium: ex illo; factus est Ino. Nou cnim posset occidi hamo, nisi p ius fie reL → factus est homo. Non enim posset occidi homo, nisi prius fie ret; inilio → initio; Mon stetit → non stetit; MOM stetit → non stetit; eat in eo → est in eo; ill eo → in eo.

Extrabiblical texts: Wis 2:24 (Wisdom of Solomon [in RC, EO, ETH canons]; allusion)

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.11 (PL 35:1703; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.12PL 35:1703

Cum loquitur mendacium, ex propriis loquitur: quia mendax est, et pater ejus. Quid est hoc? Audistis verba Evangelii, intenti accepistis: ecce repeto, ut agnoscatis quid exigatis. De diabolo Dominus ea dicebat quæ de diabolo dici a Domino debuerunt. Ille homicida erat ab initio, verum est; nam primum ho minem occidit: et in veritate non stetit; quia de veritate lapsus est. Cum loquitur mendacium, utique ipse diabolus, de propriis loquitur; quia mendax est, et pater ejus. In his verbis quidam patrem diabolum habere putaverunt, et quæsierunt quis esset diaboli pater. Hic vero detestabilis error Manichæorum inve nit adhuc qua deciperet imperitos. Solent enim di cere: Puta diabolus angelus fuit, et lapsus est; ab illo cœpit peccatum, sicut dicitis: Pater ejus quis erat? Nos contra: Quis enim nostrum aliquando dixit diabolum habere patrem? Et illi contra: Dominus dicit, Evangelium loquitur, de diabolo dicens, ait, Ille homicida erat ab initio, et in veritate non stetit; quia veritas non est in eo: cum loquitur mendacium, de propriis loquitur; quia mendax est, et pater ejus.

“When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own; because he is a liar, and its father.” What is this? You have heard the words of the Gospel; you have received them attentively; see, I repeat them, so that you may recognize what you are asking. The Lord was saying about the devil the things that ought to have been said about the devil by the Lord. “He was a murderer from the beginning”: it is true, for he killed the first man. “And he did not stand in the truth”: because he fell from the truth. “When he speaks a lie,” the devil himself, of course, “he speaks from his own; because he is a liar, and its father.” From these words some have thought that the devil has a father, and have asked who the devil's father was. Here the detestable error of the Manichees has found yet another way to deceive the unskilled. For they are accustomed to say: “Suppose the devil was an angel and fell; sin began with him, as you say: who was his father?” We answer: Which of us ever said that the devil has a father? And they answer: The Lord says it, the Gospel speaks; speaking of the devil, it says, “He was a murderer from the beginning, and he did not stand in the truth, because the truth is not in him; when he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own; because he is a liar, and his father.”

John 8:44 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: “He is a liar and its father” has been taken by the Manichees to mean that the devil has a father; Augustine sets out their argument.

John 8:44 is quoted. The Latin pater ejus is ambiguous (“its father,” that is, of the lie, or “his father”); Augustine resolves it in 42.13.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Evangelum → Evangelium); OCR slip in the digital text (MOM stetit; quia veritas MOM eat → non stetit; quia veritas non est); OCR slip in the digital text (babere → habere); OCR slip in the digital text (cæpit → cœpit); OCR slip in the digital text (dicebal → dicebat); OCR slip in the digital text (diri a Domino → dici a Domino); OCR slip in the digital text (erat.? → erat?); OCR slip in the digital text (hahere putavcrunt, et quæSierunt → habere putaverunt, et quæsierunt); OCR slip in the digital text (homirida → homicida); OCR slip in the digital text (mendax eat, et pater ejul. Quid est hoc Andislis → mendax est, et pater ejus. Quid est hoc? Audistis); OCR slip in the digital text (proprii' loquitur → propriis loquitur); OCR slip in the digital text (rcpeLo → repeto); OCR slip in the digital text (verilate → veritate)): mendax eat, et pater ejul. Quid est hoc Andislis → mendax est, et pater ejus. Quid est hoc? Audistis; rcpeLo → repeto; dicebal → dicebat; diri a Domino → dici a Domino; homirida → homicida; verilate → veritate; proprii' loquitur → propriis loquitur; hahere putavcrunt, et quæSierunt → habere putaverunt, et quæsierunt; cæpit → cœpit; erat.? → erat?; babere → habere; Evangelum → Evangelium; MOM stetit; quia veritas MOM eat → non stetit; quia veritas non est.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.12 (PL 35:1703; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.13PL 35:1703–1705

Audi, intellige; non te longe mitto, in ipsis verbis intellige. Diabolum Dominus dixit patrem mendacii. Quid est hoc? Audi quid sit: replica modo ipsa verba, et intellige. Non omnis enim qui men titur, pater mendacii sui est. Si enim ab alio menda cium accepisti, et dixisti; tu quidem mentitus es proferendo mendacium: sed pater mendacii ipsius non es, quia ab altero accepisti mendacium. Diabolus autem a seipso mendax fuit; mendacium suum ipse genuit, a nemine audivit. Quomodo Deus Pater ge nuit Filium veritatem; sic diabolus lapsus genuit quasi filium mendacium. His auditis, replica nunc et recole verba Domini: mens catholica, quid audieris adverte, quid dicat attende. Ille: quis? Diabolus: homicida erat ab initio. Agnoscimus, occidit Adam. Et in veritate non stetit. Agnoscimus, quia de veritate lapsus est. Quia veritas non est in eo. Verum est; recedendo a veritate non habet veritatem. Cum loquitur mendacium, de propriis loquitur. Non aliunde accipit unde loquatur. Cum loquitur mendacium, de propriis loquitur; quia mendax est, et pater ejus. Et mendax est, et pater mendacii. Nam tu forte mendax es, quia mendacium loqueris: sed non es pater ejus. Si enim quod dicis a diabolo accepisti, et diabolo credidisti; mendax es, pater mendacii non es: ille vero quia non aliunde accepit mendacium, quo men dacio tanquam veneno serpens hominem occideret, pater est mendacii; sicut Deus Pater est veritatis. Recedite a patre mendacii, currite ad Patrem veri tatis; amplectimini veritatem, ut accipiatis liber tatem.

Hear, understand: I do not send you far; understand in the very words. The Lord called the devil the father of lies. What is this? Hear what it is: just go over the words again and understand. For not everyone who lies is the father of his lie. For if you received a lie from another and spoke it, you have indeed lied by uttering the lie; but you are not the father of that lie, because you received the lie from another. But the devil was a liar of himself; he begot his lie himself; he heard it from no one. As God the Father begot the Son, the Truth, so the devil, having fallen, begot as it were a son, the lie. Having heard these things, go over and recall now the words of the Lord. Catholic mind, notice what you have heard, attend to what he says. “He”: who? The devil. “Was a murderer from the beginning.” We recognize it: he killed Adam. “And he did not stand in the truth.” We recognize it: because he fell from the truth. “Because the truth is not in him.” It is true: by withdrawing from the truth he does not have the truth. “When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own.” He does not receive from elsewhere what to speak. “When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own; because he is a liar, and its father.” He is both a liar and the father of the lie. For you perhaps are a liar, because you speak a lie; but you are not its father. For if you received from the devil what you say, and believed the devil, you are a liar; you are not the father of the lie. But he, because he did not receive the lie from elsewhere, with which lie, like a serpent with poison, he might kill man, is the father of the lie, as God is the Father of the truth. Withdraw from the father of lies; run to the Father of truth; embrace the truth, so that you may receive freedom.

John 8:44 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The devil is the father of lies because he begot his lie himself, as God the Father begot the Truth; others who lie are liars but not fathers of the lie.

John 8:44 is quoted.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (AcJaln → Adam); OCR slip in the digital text (Aurii quid siL → Audi quid sit:); OCR slip in the digital text (Ille:quis? UialJolus: homicidaerat → Ille: quis? Diabolus: homicida erat); OCR slip in the digital text (diabulo credidistf → diabolo credidisti); OCR slip in the digital text (filiummendendacium. Hisauditis, replicanunc → filium mendacium. His auditis, replica nunc); OCR slip in the digital text (ill eo → in eo); OCR slip in the digital text (ill veritate → in veritate); OCR slip in the digital text (ipsins → ipsius); OCR slip in the digital text (mendadunl, de propriis loguitur; quia mendax eat → mendacium, de propriis loquitur; quia mendax est); OCR slip in the digital text (méndacii → mendacii); OCR slip in the digital text (non le longe → non te longe); OCR slip in the digital text (rccedendo a veritate t non → recedendo a veritate non); OCR slip in the digital text (scipso → seipso); OCR slip in the digital text (verbaDomini: mens calholic:" → verba Domini: mens catholica,)): non le longe → non te longe; Aurii quid siL → Audi quid sit:; ipsins → ipsius; scipso → seipso; filiummendendacium. Hisauditis, replicanunc → filium mendacium. His auditis, replica nunc; verbaDomini: mens calholic:" → verba Domini: mens catholica,; Ille:quis? UialJolus: homicidaerat → Ille: quis? Diabolus: homicida erat; AcJaln → Adam; ill veritate → in veritate; ill eo → in eo; rccedendo a veritate t non → recedendo a veritate non; mendadunl, de propriis loguitur; quia mendax eat → mendacium, de propriis loquitur; quia mendax est; diabulo credidistf → diabolo credidisti; méndacii → mendacii.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.13 (PL 35:1703–1705; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.14PL 35:1705

Illi ergo Judæi apud patrem suum viderunt quod loquebantur: quid, nisi mendacium? Dominus au tem apud Patrem suum vidit quod loqueretur: quid, nisi seipsum? quid, nisi Verbum Patris? quid, nisi veritatem Patris æternam, et Patri coæternam? Ille ergo homicida erat ab initio, et in veritate non stetit, quia veritas non est in eo: cum loquitur mendacium, de propriis loquitur; quia mendax est. Et non solum men dax est, sed et pater ejus est: id est, ipsius mendacii quod loquitur, pater est, quia ipse genuit mendacium suum. Ego autem quia veritatem dico, non creditis mihi. Quia ex vobis arguit me de peccato; quomodo ego arguo et vos et patrem vestrum? Si veritatem dico quare vos non creditis mihi; nisi quia filii diaboli estis?

So those Jews saw with their father what they spoke: what, if not a lie? But the Lord saw with his Father what he would speak: what, if not himself? What, if not the Word of the Father? What, if not the eternal Truth of the Father, coeternal with the Father? So he “was a murderer from the beginning, and he did not stand in the truth, because the truth is not in him; when he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own; because he is a liar.” And not only is he a liar, but also its father: that is, he is the father of the very lie that he speaks, because he begot his own lie. “But because I speak the truth, you do not believe me. Which of you convicts me of sin?” as I convict both you and your father. “If I speak the truth, why do you not believe me,” except because you are sons of the devil?

John 8:44 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:45 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:46 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: The Jews saw a lie with their father, while Christ saw with his Father the Truth, himself; they did not believe him though no one could convict him of sin.

John 8:44–46 is quoted.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (CHi diaboli → filii diaboli); OCR slip in the digital text (Illiergo → Illi ergo); OCR slip in the digital text (arguit mede peccato → arguit me de peccato); OCR slip in the digital text (ejusest → ejus est); OCR slip in the digital text (noa credili. → non creditis); OCR slip in the digital text (non, stetit, quia veritasnon eat neo → non stetit, quia veritas non est in eo); OCR slip in the digital text (quarevos non creditis. mihi → quare vos non creditis mihi); OCR slip in the digital text (seipsum?quid → seipsum? quid)): Illiergo → Illi ergo; seipsum?quid → seipsum? quid; non, stetit, quia veritasnon eat neo → non stetit, quia veritas non est in eo; ejusest → ejus est; noa credili. → non creditis; arguit mede peccato → arguit me de peccato; quarevos non creditis. mihi → quare vos non creditis mihi; CHi diaboli → filii diaboli.

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.14 (PL 35:1705; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.15PL 35:1705

Qui est ex Deo, verba Dei audit: propterea vos non auditis, quia ex Deo non estis. Iterum nolite at tendere naturam, sed vitium. Sic sunt isti ex Deo, et non sunt ex Deo: natura ex Deo, vitio non ex Deo. Obsecro vos, attendite; in Evangelio habetis unde sanemini contra errores venenosos et nefarios hære ticorum. Quoniam et de his verbis solent Manichæi dicere; Ecce quia duæ naturæ sunt, una bona, et altera mala; Dominus dicit: quid dicit Dominus? Pro pterea vos non auditis, quia ex Deo non estis. Dicit haec Dominus. Quid ergo, inquit, tu ad ista dicis? Audi quae dicam. Et ex Deo sunt, et ex Deo non sunt; na tura ex Deo sunt, vitio non sunt ex Deo: natura enim bona quæ ex Deo est, peccavit voluntate, credendo quod diabolus persuasit, et vitiata est; ideo medicum quærit, quia sana non est. Ecce quod dico. Sed impossibile tibi videtur ut ex Deo sint, et ex Deo non sint: audi quia non est impossibile. Sic sunt ex Deo, et non sunt ex Deo, quomodo et filii Abrahæ sunt, et non sunt filii Abrahæ. Hic habetis; non est quod dicatis. Ipsum Dominum audi, ipse illis dixit, Scio quia filii Abrahæ estis. Numquid Dominus mentiretur? Absit. Ergo verum est quod Dominus dixit? Verum est. Verum est ergo quod illi Abrahæ filii erant. Verum est. Audi ipsum negantem. Qui dixit, Filii Abrahæ estis, ipse illos negavit filios Abrahæ: Si filii Abrahæ estis, facta Abrahæ facite. Nunc autem quæritis me occidere, hominem qui veritatem vobis dico, quam audivi a Deo: hoc Abraham non fecit. Vos facitis opera patris vestri, id est diaboli. Quomodo ergo et filii Abrahæ erant, et filii Abrahae non erant? Utrumque in illis ostendit: et filii Abrahæ erant, propter originem carnis; et non erant filii Abrahæ, propter vitium diabolicæ persuasionis. Sic et Domi num et Deum nostrum attendite: et ex illo erant, et ex illo non erant. Quomodo ex illo erant? Quia ipse creavit hominem de quo nati erant. Quomodo ex illo erant? Quia ipse est conditor naturæ, ipse est crea tor carnis et animæ. Quomodo ergo ex illo non erant? Quia vitiosi a seipsis facti erant. Ex illo non erant, qui imitando diabolum, filii diaboli facti erant.

“He who is from God hears the words of God; therefore you do not hear, because you are not from God.” Again, do not attend to nature, but to fault. These men are thus from God and not from God: by nature from God, by fault not from God. I beg you, attend: you have in the Gospel something by which to be healed against the poisonous and wicked errors of heretics. For the Manichees are accustomed to say about these words too: “See, there are two natures, one good and the other evil; the Lord says it.” What does the Lord say? “Therefore you do not hear, because you are not from God.” The Lord says this. “What, then,” he says, “do you say to this?” Hear what I say. They are both from God and not from God: by nature they are from God, by fault they are not from God. For the good nature which is from God sinned by will, by believing what the devil persuaded, and was vitiated; therefore it seeks a physician, because it is not healthy. See what I say. But it seems impossible to you that they should be from God and not from God: hear that it is not impossible. They are from God and not from God in the same way as they both are sons of Abraham and are not sons of Abraham. Here you have it; there is nothing for you to say. Hear the Lord himself; he himself said to them, “I know that you are sons of Abraham.” Would the Lord lie? Far from it. Then what the Lord said is true? It is true. So it is true that they were Abraham's sons? It is true. Hear him denying it. He who said, “You are sons of Abraham,” himself denied that they were sons of Abraham: “If you are sons of Abraham, do the works of Abraham. But now you seek to kill me, a man who tells you the truth, which I heard from God: this Abraham did not do. You do the works of your father,” that is, of the devil. How, then, were they both sons of Abraham and not sons of Abraham? He shows both in them: they were both sons of Abraham, because of the origin of the flesh, and not sons of Abraham, because of the fault of the devil's persuasion. So attend to our Lord and God too: they were both from him and not from him. How were they from him? Because he created the man from whom they were born. How were they from him? Because he is the founder of nature, he is the creator of flesh and soul. How, then, were they not from him? Because they had made themselves faulty. They were not from him, because by imitating the devil they had become sons of the devil.

John 8:47 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:37 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:39 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:40 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:41 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Against the Manichees' two natures, the unbelievers were from God by nature and not from God by fault, just as they were and were not Abraham's sons.

John 8:47, 8:37, and 8:39–41 are quoted. Augustine's argument against the Manichees is translated as written.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Abrahæ,erant, propter originem,carnis → Abrahæ erant, propter originem carnis); OCR slip in the digital text (Alios Abrabæ: Si filii Abrahæestis jacta Abrahæ(acile. Nunt autem quæritis DIe occidere, hominem gui → filios Abrahæ: Si filii Abrahæ estis, facta Abrahæ facite. Nunc autem quæritis me occidere, hominem qui); OCR slip in the digital text (Dco → Deo); OCR slip in the digital text (Dommus → Dominus); OCR slip in the digital text (Pro ptereavos nonauditis → Pro pterea vos non auditis); OCR slip in the digital text (Verumest → Verum est); OCR slip in the digital text (a!- tera → altera); OCR slip in the digital text (credcudo → credendo); OCR slip in the digital text (diccatis → dicatis); OCR slip in the digital text (eat ex Deo, verba Det audit: propterea VOl non auditis, quia ex Deo uon estis. herum → est ex Deo, verba Dei audit: propterea vos non auditis, quia ex Deo non estis. Iterum); OCR slip in the digital text (ei illo erant? Qnia → ex illo erant? Quia); OCR slip in the digital text (erant. quiimitando → erant, qui imitando); OCR slip in the digital text (esti. Numquid → estis. Numquid); OCR slip in the digital text (et ex. illo → et ex illo); OCR slip in the digital text (ex Den, → ex Deo,); OCR slip in the digital text (ex heo, et nonsuM ex Deo: natura ex Dea → ex Deo, et non sunt ex Deo: natura ex Deo); OCR slip in the digital text (facitis.opera patrisvestri → facitis opera patris vestri); OCR slip in the digital text (flii → filii); OCR slip in the digital text (idco medicumquærit, qnia → ideo medicum quærit, quia); OCR slip in the digital text (saneminicontra → sanemini contra); OCR slip in the digital text (tacti → facti); OCR slip in the digital text (vcrum → verum)): eat ex Deo, verba Det audit: propterea VOl non auditis, quia ex Deo uon estis. herum → est ex Deo, verba Dei audit: propterea vos non auditis, quia ex Deo non estis. Iterum; ex heo, et nonsuM ex Deo: natura ex Dea → ex Deo, et non sunt ex Deo: natura ex Deo; saneminicontra → sanemini contra; a!- tera → altera; Pro ptereavos nonauditis → Pro pterea vos non auditis; Dommus → Dominus; ex Dco sunt, → ex Deo sunt,; credcudo → credendo; idco medicumquærit, qnia → ideo medicum quærit, quia; ex Dco non → ex Deo non; ex Den, → ex Deo,; diccatis → dicatis; esti. Numquid → estis. Numquid; vcrum → verum; Verumest → Verum est; Alios Abrabæ: Si filii Abrahæestis jacta Abrahæ(acile. Nunt autem quæritis DIe occidere, hominem gui → filios Abrahæ: Si filii Abrahæ estis, facta Abrahæ facite. Nunc autem quæritis me occidere, hominem qui; facitis.opera patrisvestri → facitis opera patris vestri; flii → filii; Abrahæ,erant, propter originem,carnis → Abrahæ erant, propter originem carnis; et ex. illo → et ex illo; ei illo erant? Qnia → ex illo erant? Quia; erant. quiimitando → erant, qui imitando; tacti → facti.

Topics: Heresy

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.15 (PL 35:1705; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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42.16PL 35:1705

Venit ergo Dominus Deus ad hominem peccato rem. Duo nomina audisti, et hominem, et peccato rem. Quod homo est, ex Deo est: quod peccator non est ex Deo. A natura vitium secernatur: agnoscatur natura, unde Creator laudetur; agnoscatur vitium, propter quod medicus invocetur. Quod ergo ait Dominus, Qui est ex Deo, verba Dei audit: propterea vos non auditis, quia ex Deo non estis; non naturarum merita discrevit, aut præter suam animam et carnem, aliquam naturam in hominibus quæ peccato vitiata non esset, invenit: sed quoniam præscierat qui fuerant credituri, ipsos dixit ex Deo, quoniam regenerationis adoptione renascerentur ex Deo. Ad hos pertinet, Qui est ex Deo, verba Dei audit. Quod vero sequitur, Propterea vos non auditis, quia ex Deo non estis; eis dictum est, qui non solum peccato vitiosi erant (nam hoc malum commune erat omnibus), sed etiam præcogniti quod non fuerant credituri ea fide, qua sola possent a peccatorum obligatione libe rari. Quapropter præsciebat illos quibus talia dicebat, in eo permansuros quod ex diabolo erant, id est, in suis peccatis atque impietate morituros, in qua ei similes erant; nec venturos ad regenerationem in qua essent filii Dei, hoc est ex Deo nati, a quo erant ho mines creati. Secundum hanc prædestinationem locutus est Dominus: non quod aliquem hominum inve nerit, qui vel secundum regenerationem jam esset ex Deo, vel secundum naturam jam non esset ex Deo.

So the Lord God came to sinful man. You have heard two names: both “man” and “sinner.” That he is man is from God; that he is a sinner is not from God. Let the fault be separated from the nature: let the nature be acknowledged, so that the Creator may be praised; let the fault be acknowledged, because of which the physician is to be called upon. So when the Lord says, “He who is from God hears the words of God; therefore you do not hear, because you are not from God,” he did not distinguish the merits of natures, nor did he find in men, besides his own soul and flesh, any nature that had not been vitiated by sin; but since he foreknew who were going to believe, he called them “from God,” because they would be reborn from God by the adoption of regeneration. To these belongs, “He who is from God hears the words of God.” But what follows, “Therefore you do not hear, because you are not from God,” was said to those who were not only faulty by sin (for this evil was common to all), but were also foreknown as not going to believe with that faith by which alone they could be freed from the bond of sins. Therefore he foreknew that those to whom he said such things would remain in that by which they were from the devil, that is, would die in their sins and impiety, in which they were like him; and that they would not come to the regeneration in which they would be sons of God, that is, born of God, by whom they had been created as men. According to this predestination the Lord spoke: not that he found any man who was either already from God according to regeneration, or according to nature was not from God.

John 8:47 (quotation, high confidence)

Notes and citation

Summary: Christ called “from God” those he foreknew would be reborn by faith, and “not from God” those foreknown to remain in their sins; all men are from God by nature and sinners by fault.

John 8:47 is quoted. Augustine's teaching on foreknowledge and predestination is translated as written.

Notes on the original text

Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text (Secundumbane prædestinationemlocutus → Secundum hanc prædestinationem locutus); OCR slip in the digital text (Venitergo → Venit ergo); OCR slip in the digital text (aliquemhominum → aliquem hominum); OCR slip in the digital text (hoc cst es Deo → hoc est ex Deo); OCR slip in the digital text (impiotatemorituros, iu qua ci aimiles → impietate morituros, in qua ei similes); OCR slip in the digital text (malumcommune → malum commune); OCR slip in the digital text (nou fuerant credituri I ea fide,qua sola possent a peccaturum → non fuerant credituri ea fide, qua sola possent a peccatorum); OCR slip in the digital text (perniansuros → permansuros); OCR slip in the digital text (qni non solum peccato vitiosi eraut → qui non solum peccato vitiosi erant); OCR slip in the digital text (rel secundum naturam jam noM → vel secundum naturam jam non); OCR slip in the digital text (secundumregenerationem → secundum regenerationem); OCR slip in the digital text (sequitur,Propterea vos non auditis,quia ex Deu → sequitur, Propterea vos non auditis, quia ex Deo)): Venitergo → Venit ergo; sequitur,Propterea vos non auditis,quia ex Deu → sequitur, Propterea vos non auditis, quia ex Deo; qni non solum peccato vitiosi eraut → qui non solum peccato vitiosi erant; malumcommune → malum commune; nou fuerant credituri I ea fide,qua sola possent a peccaturum → non fuerant credituri ea fide, qua sola possent a peccatorum; perniansuros → permansuros; impiotatemorituros, iu qua ci aimiles → impietate morituros, in qua ei similes; hoc cst es Deo → hoc est ex Deo; Secundumbane prædestinationemlocutus → Secundum hanc prædestinationem locutus; aliquemhominum → aliquem hominum; secundumregenerationem → secundum regenerationem; rel secundum naturam jam noM → vel secundum naturam jam non.

Topics: Ethics

Cite (SBL): Augustine, Tract. Ev. Jo. 42.16 (PL 35:1705; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/augustine-tractatus-ioannem/42-1/#p-42-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)

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