The Instructor 2.8.70
Summary: Garlands belong to revels; flowers are best enjoyed in the meadow and by sight, glorifying the Creator, not worn on the head where they chill it and give no pleasure.
Greek text · Stählin 1:199–200
Τοιαύτη δὲ καὶ τῶν στεφάνων ἡ χρῆσις, κωμαστικὴ καὶ πάροινος· ἄπερρε· μή μοι στέφανον ἀμφιθῇς κάρᾳ. ἦρος μὲν γὰρ ὥρᾳ λειμῶσιν ἐνδρόσοις καὶ μαλακοῖς, ποικίλοις χλοάζουσιν ἄνθεσιν, ἐνδιαιτᾶσθαι καλόν, αὐτοφυεῖ καὶ εἰλικρινεῖ τινι εὐωδίᾳ καθάπερ τὰς μελίττας τρεφομένους· τὸ δὲ πλεκτὸν στέφανον ἐξ ἀκηράτου λειμῶνος κοσμήσαντας οἴκοι περιφέρειν οὐ σωφρόνων· οὐ γὰρ ἁρμόδιον ῥόδων κάλυξιν ἢ ἴοις ἢ κρίνοις ἢ ἄλλοις τισὶ τοιούτοις ἄνθεσι χαίτην πυκάζεσθαι κωμαστικήν, διανθιζομένους τὴν χλόην. ἐμψύχει γὰρ χαίτην ἄλλως ὁ στέφανος περικείμενος καὶ διʼ ὑγρότητά [τε] καὶ διὰ ψυχρότητα. ταύτῃ καὶ οἱ ἰατροὶ ψυχρὸν εἶναι φυσιολογοῦντες τὸν ἐγκέφαλον μύρῳ χρίεσθαι ἀξιοῦσι τὰ στήθη καὶ μυκτῆρας ἄκρους, ὡς δυνηθῆναι τὴν πυρώδη ἀναθυμίασιν ἡσυχῇ διοδεύουσαν εὐρώστως ἀναθάλπειν τὴν ψυχρότητα. πολλοῦ τοίνυν δεῖ τοῖς ἄνθεσιν ἐπιψύχειν αὐτόν, ὁπότε ἀλεαίνεσθαι ἐθέλει τὸ νευρῶδες. ναὶ μὴν καὶ τὸ τερπνὸν τῆς ἀνθήσεως οἱ καταστεφθέντες ἀπολλύουσιν. οὔτε γὰρ ἀπολαύουσι τῆς ὄψεως οἱ ἀναδούμενοι τὸν στέφανον ὑπὲρ τὰς ὄψεις οὐδὲ μὴν τῆς εὐωδίας οἱ ἀπελαύνοντες ὑπὲρ τὰς ἀναπνοὰς τὰ ἄνθη· ἀναδιδούσης γὰρ ἄνω καὶ ἀναθυμιωμένης κατὰ φύσιν τῆς εὐωδίας ὑπὲρ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἔρημος τῆς ἀπολαύσεως ἡ ἀναπνοὴ καταλείπεται, ἀφαρπαζομένης τῆς εὐωδίας. ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ κάλλος, οὕτως καὶ τὸ ἄνθος τέρπει βλεπόμενον, καὶ χρὴ διʼ ὄψεως ἀπολαύοντας τῶν καλῶν δοξάζειν τὸν δημιουργόν. ἡ χρῆσις δὲ αὐτῶν ἐπιβλαβής, καὶ θᾶττον παρέρχεται μετανοίᾳ τιμωρουμένη.
English · Claude translation
Such too is the use of garlands, belonging to revels and drunkenness: “Away! Do not put a garland on my head.” In spring it is good to spend time in dewy, soft meadows, green with many-colored flowers, feeding like the bees on their natural, pure fragrance; but to adorn oneself with a woven garland from an untouched meadow and carry it about at home does not befit the self-controlled. It is not fitting to crown the hair of revelers with rosebuds or violets or lilies or other such flowers, decking out the grass. A garland placed around the head chills it, both through moisture and through coldness. That is why physicians, holding that the brain is cold by nature, think it right to anoint the chest and the tips of the nostrils with perfume, so that the fiery vapor, passing quietly, may vigorously warm the coldness. It is far from right, then, to chill it with flowers, when the sinews want warming. Moreover, those who are crowned lose the delight of the flowers. For those who bind the garland above their eyes do not enjoy seeing it, nor do those who put the flowers above their breathing enjoy the fragrance; for since fragrance naturally rises and evaporates above the head, the breath is left without enjoyment, the fragrance being carried off. Like beauty, the flower delights when seen; and we should glorify the Creator by enjoying good things through sight. Their use is harmful, and passes quickly, punished by regret.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The opening verse is from an unidentified tragedy. The bracketed word is marked by the editor as spurious (to be deleted).
Cite this passage
Clement of Alexandria, Paed. 2.8.70 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-paedagogus/2/8/70/).
Plain text
Clement of Alexandria, Paed. 2.8.70 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-paedagogus/2/8/70/).
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