Miscellanies 6.17.155
Summary: Even the serpent is called prudent, since wickedness too uses foresight; prudence takes different names—intellection, knowledge, faith, right opinion, art, experience—but the highest gift the believer receives after firm faith is the Holy Spirit.
Greek text · Stählin 2:511–512
τί δή ποτε οὖν καὶ ὁ ὄφις φρόνιμος εἴρηται; ἐπεὶ κἀν τοῖς πονηρεύμασιν ἔστιν εὑρεῖν ἀκολουθίαν τινὰ καὶ διάκρισιν καὶ σύνθεσιν καὶ στοχασμὸν τῶν μελλόντων. καὶ τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἀδικημάτων διὰ τοῦτο λανθάνει, ὅτι προσοικονομοῦνται σφίσιν οἱ κακοὶ τὸ πάντῃ τε καὶ πάντως τὰς τιμωρίας διαφεύγειν. πολυμερὴς δὲ οὖσα ἡ φρόνησις, διʼ ὅλου τεταμένη τοῦ κόσμου διά τε τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ἁπάντων, καθʼ ἕκαστον αὐτῶν μεταβάλλει τὴν προσηγορίαν, καὶ ἐπειδὰν μὲν ἐπιβάλλῃ τοῖς πρώτοις αἰτίοις, νόησις καλεῖται, ὅταν δὲ ταύτην ἀποδεικτικῷ λόγῳ βεβαιώσηται, γνῶσίς τε καὶ σοφία καὶ ἐπιστήμη ὀνομάζεται, ἐν δὲ τοῖς εἰς εὐλάβειαν συντείνουσι γινομένη καὶ ἄνευ θεωρίας παραδεξαμένη τὸν ἀρχικὸν λόγον κατὰ τὴν ἐν αὐτῇ ἐξεργασίας τήρησιν πίστις λέγεται, κἀν τοῖς αἰσθητοῖς πιστωσαμένη τό γε δοκοῦν, ὡς ἐν τούτοις, ἀληθέστατον, δόξα ὀρθή, ἔν τε αὖ ταῖς μετὰ χειρουργίας πράξεσι τέχνη, ὅπου δʼ ἄνευ θεωρίας τῶν πρώτων αἰτίων τηρήσει τῶν ὁμοίων καὶ μεταβάσει ποιήσει τινὰ ὁρμὴν καὶ σύστασιν, ἐμπειρία προσαγορεύεται. ἴδιον δέ ἐστιν ἐκεῖνο καὶ τῷ ὄντι κύριον καὶ ἡγεμονικόν, ὃ ἐπὶ πᾶσι προσλαμβάνει μετὰ τὴν βεβαίαν πίστιν ἅγιον κατʼ ἐπισκοπὴν ὁ πιστεύσας πνεῦμα.
English · Claude translation
Why, then, is the serpent called prudent? Because even in wicked deeds one can find a certain sequence, discernment, combination, and conjecture of the future. And most wrongdoings escape notice for this reason, that the wicked contrive for themselves to escape punishment by every means and entirely. Prudence, being manifold, extended through the whole world and through all human affairs, changes its name according to each of them. When it applies itself to first causes, it is called intellection; when it confirms this by demonstrative reasoning, it is named knowledge, wisdom, and scientific understanding; when it occurs in matters that tend to reverence and accepts the primary Word without contemplation, by keeping the working-out that lies in it, it is called faith; in sensible things, when it trusts what appears, as in these, most true, it is right opinion; again, in actions done by handiwork, it is art; and where, without contemplation of first causes, by observation of similar cases and by transition, it produces a certain impulse and structure, it is called experience. But what is proper, and truly principal and ruling, is that which the one who has believed receives in addition to all these, after firm faith: the Holy Spirit, by divine visitation.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The allusions are Gen 3:1 LXX (the serpent “most prudent”) and Matt 10:16. The classification of prudence's names draws on Stoic and Aristotelian terms.
Cite this passage
Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 6.17.155 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-stromata/6/17/155/).
Plain text
Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 6.17.155 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-stromata/6/17/155/).
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