Miscellanies 7.3.20
Summary: Laws and rhetoric cannot give firm hold on truth, but philosophy prepares the soul for faith; the one who knows is an athlete in the world's stadium, judged by God and the Son, who wins immortality by overcoming the passions.
Greek text · Stählin 2
οἱ νόμοι γὰρ οἱ πολιτικοὶ μοχθηρὰς ἴσως πράξεις ἐπισχεῖν οἷοί τε, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ αὐτοὶ οὐδὲ οἱ λόγοι οἱ πειστικοὶ ἐπιπόλαιοι ὄντες ἐπιστημονικὴν τῆς ἀληθείας διαμονὴν παράσχοιεν ἄν. φιλοσοφία δὲ ἡ Ἑλληνικὴ οἷον προκαθαίρει καὶ προεθίζει τὴν ψυχὴν εἰς παραδοχὴν πίστεως, ἐφʼ ᾗ τὴν γνῶσιν ἐποικοδομεῖ ἡ ἀλήθεια. Οὗτός ἐστιν, οὗτος ὁ ἀθλητὴς ἀληθῶς ὁ ἐν τῷ μεγάλῳ σταδίῳ, τῷ καλῷ κόσμῳ, τὴν ἀληθινὴν νίκην κατὰ πάντων στεφανούμενος τῶν παθῶν. ὅ τε γὰρ ἀγωνοθέτης ὁ παντοκράτωρ θεός, ὅ τε βραβευτὴς ὁ μονογενὴς υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, θεαταὶ δὲ ἄγγελοι καὶ θεοί. καὶ τὸ παγκράτιον τὸ πάμμαχον »οὐ πρὸς αἷμα καὶ σάρκα«, ἀλλὰ τὰς διὰ σαρκῶν ἐνεργούσας »πνευματικὰς ἐξουσίας« ἐμπαθῶν παθῶν. τούτων περιγινόμενος τῶν μεγάλων ἀνταγωνισμάτων καὶ οἷον ἄθλους τινὰς τοῦ πειράζοντος ἐπαρτῶντος καταγωνισάμενος, ἐκράτησε τῆς ἀθανασίας· ἀπαραλόγιστος γὰρ ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ ψῆφος εἰς τὸ δικαιότατον κρῖμα. κέκληται μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ τὸ ἀγώνισμα τὸ θέατρον, παγκρατιάζουσι δὲ εἰς τὸ στάδιον οἱ ἀθληταί· καὶ δὴ ἐκ τούτων περιγίνεται ὁ πειθήνιος τῷ ἀλείπτῃ γενόμενος. πᾶσι γὰρ πάντα ἴσα κεῖται παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἔστιν αὐτὸς ἀμεμφής, ἑλεῖται δὲ ὁ δυνάμενος καὶ ὁ βουληθεὶς ἰσχύσει· ταύτῃ καὶ τὸν νοῦν εἰλήφαμεν, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ὃ ποιοῦμεν, καὶ τὸ »γνῶθι σαυτὸν« ἐνταῦθα, εἰδέναι ἐφʼ ᾧ γεγόναμεν. γεγόναμεν δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εἶναι πειθήνιοι ταῖς ἐντολαῖς, εἰ τὸ βούλεσθαι σῴζεσθαι ἑλοίμεθα. αὕτη που ἡ Ἀδράστεια, καθʼ ἣν οὐκ ἔστι διαδρᾶναι τὸν θεόν.
English · Claude translation
For civil laws are perhaps able to restrain wicked actions; but neither they nor persuasive arguments, being superficial, could provide a firm scientific hold on the truth. Greek philosophy, however, as it were purifies the soul in advance and accustoms it beforehand to receive faith, on which the truth builds knowledge. This is he, this is truly the athlete, who in the great stadium, the beautiful world, is crowned with the true victory over all the passions. For the president of the games is God Almighty, the umpire is the only-begotten Son of God, and the spectators are angels and gods; and the all-out contest, embracing every kind of fighting, is “not against blood and flesh,” but against the “spiritual powers” of impassioned passions that work through the flesh. Overcoming these great adversaries, and having fought through, as it were, the contests that the tempter sets up, he has won immortality; for God's vote in the most just judgment cannot be misled. The spectators have been summoned to the contest, and the athletes compete in the stadium; and of them the one who has obeyed his trainer prevails. For all things are set out equally for all by God, and he himself is blameless; the one who is able chooses, and the one who has willed will be strong. For this reason too we have received a mind, so that we may know what we do; and here “Know yourself” means to know for what we were born. And we were born to be obedient to the commandments, if we choose to will to be saved. This, I suppose, is Adrasteia, by which it is not possible to escape God.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotation is Eph 6:12; the athletic image recalls 1 Cor 9:24–25. “Know yourself” is the Delphic maxim. Adrasteia (“the inescapable”) is a Greek name for Nemesis; compare Plato, Phaedrus 248c. “The one who has willed will be strong” may be a saying; the source is uncertain.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period and wrong accent on οἷον in the digital text; stray period in the digital text): σταδίῳ. τῷ καλῷ → σταδίῳ, τῷ καλῷ; ἀνταγωνισμάτων. καὶ οἶον → ἀνταγωνισμάτων καὶ οἷον.
Cite this passage
Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 7.3.20 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-stromata/7/3/20/).
Plain text
Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 7.3.20 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-stromata/7/3/20/).
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