Panarion (Medicine Chest Against Heresies), Haer. 1-64 13.1.1–19.4.6
Greek text: Holl, GCS 25/31 (Greek text: Karl Holl, ed., Epiphanius, Bände 1-2 (GCS 25, 1915, and GCS 31, 1922, Leipzig: Hinrichs), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0. The digitized file's own metadata describes it as spanning Holl's volumes 1-3 (1915-1933), but its text in fact ends at Haer. 64 (confirmed: the last division is Haer. 64, on Origen, matching the end of GCS 31); Holl's third volume (GCS 37, 1933) is not present in this digital text.).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Haer. 13, chapter 1
13.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:205–206
Δοσίθεοι δὲ τούτοις διαφέρονται κατὰ πολλοὺς τρόπους. ἀνάστασιν γὰρ ὁμολογοῦσι καὶ πολιτεῖαι παρʼ αὐτοῖς εἰσιν· ἐμψύχων ἀπέχονται, ἀλλὰ καί τινες αὐτῶν ἐγκρατεύονται ἀπὸ γάμου μετὰ τὸ † βιῶσαι, ἄλλοι δὲ καὶ παρθενεύουσιν·
Dositheoi de toutois diapherontai kata pollous tropous. anastasin gar homologousi kai politeiai parʼ autois eisin; empsychōn apechontai, alla kai tines autōn enkrateuontai apo gamou meta to † biōsai, alloi de kai partheneuousin;
The Dositheans differ from these in many ways. They confess the resurrection and have [special] ways of life among them: they abstain from living things; some of them also abstain from marriage after … living, and others even remain virgins.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Dositheans affirm the resurrection and practice abstinence and virginity.
- A dagger marks the word “living” as corrupt; perhaps “after having lived [in marriage].”
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): ἀνά- στασιν → ἀνάστασιν.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 13.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:205–206; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-13-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
13.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:206
ὡσαύτως τε περιτομὴν καὶ σάββατον καὶ τὸ μὴ θιγγάνειν τινὸς διὰ τὸ βδελύττεσθαι πάντα ἄνθρωπον ὁμοίως ἔχουσι. νηστείας δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς φυλάττειν καὶ ἐξασκεῖσθαι εἰσάγει ὁ λόγος.
hōsautōs te peritomēn kai sabbaton kai to mē thinganein tinos dia to bdelyttesthai panta anthrōpon homoiōs echousi. nēsteias de tous autous phylattein kai exaskeisthai eisagei ho logos.
Likewise they keep circumcision and the sabbath, and not touching anyone, because they abhor every human being. The account also says that they keep the same fasts and practice them.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Dositheans keep circumcision, sabbath, fasts, and avoid touching others.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 13.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:206; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-13-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
13.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:206
ἡ δὲ πρόφασις τοῦ τὸν δοσίθεον φρονῆσαι ταῦτα αὕτη· οὗτος συνεμίγη ἀπὸ Ἰουδαίων ὁρμώμενος εἰς τὰ τῶν Σαμαρειτῶν ἔθνη, ἐν παιδεύσει δὲ <τῇ> κατὰ τὸν προήκων δευτερώσεσί τε ταῖς παρʼ αὐτοῖς, θηρώμενος δὲ τὰ πρωτεῖα καὶ ἀποτυχὼν καὶ μὴ ἀξιωθείς τι παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις νομισθῆναι, ἐξέκλινέν εἰς τὸ Σαμαρειτικὸν γένος καὶ ταύτην τὴν αἵρεσιν προεστήσατο.
hē de prophasis tou ton dositheon phronēsai tauta hautē; houtos synemigē apo Ioudaiōn hormōmenos eis ta tōn Samareitōn ethnē, en paideusei de <tę̄> kata ton proēkōn deuterōsesi te tais parʼ autois, thērōmenos de ta prōteia kai apotychōn kai mē axiōtheis ti para Ioudaiois nomisthēnai, exeklinen eis to Samareitikon genos kai tautēn tēn hairesin proestēsato.
The reason why Dositheus held these views is this. He came from the Jews and joined the Samaritan peoples; he had advanced in education in the law and in their traditions, but, hunting for first place and failing, and not being thought worthy of any standing among the Jews, he turned aside to the Samaritan race and founded this sect.
Notes and citation
Summary: Dositheus, a disappointed Jew, joined the Samaritans and founded the sect.
- “Traditions” renders δευτερώσεις, the oral “repetitions” (Mishnah). “In the law” supplies a word apparently missing after κατὰ τὸν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 13.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:206; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-13-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
13.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:206
ἐν σπηλαίῳ δέ που ἀναχωρῶν διʼ ὑπερβολὴν ἐθελοσοφίας, ματαίως καὶ ὑποκριτικῶς ἐν νηστείᾳ καρτερῶν ὡς λόγος ἔχει οὕτως ἀπέθανεν ἐν ἐνδείᾳ ἄρτου καὶ ὕδατος, ἑκουσίᾳ δῆθεν τῇ γνώμῃ. μετὰ ἡμέρας δὲ τινὰς ἐλθόντας ἐπὶ τὴν τούτου ἐπίσκεψιν εὑρηκέναι τὸ σῶμα ὀδωδὸς ἐξέρψαν τε σκώληκας καὶ νέφος μυιῶν ἐπʼ αὐτὸ ἐσμηνευκέναι. οὑτος τοίνυν οὕτως ματαίως τὸν ἑαυτοῦ βίον καταστρέψας αἴτιος γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τῆς αἱρέσεως, ἐξ οὑπερ οἱ αὐτὸν μιμούμενοι Δοσίθεοι εἴτουν Δοσιθηνοὶ καλοῦνται.
en spēlaiǭ de pou anachōrōn diʼ hyperbolēn ethelosophias, mataiōs kai hypokritikōs en nēsteią karterōn hōs logos echei houtōs apethanen en endeią artou kai hydatos, hekousią dēthen tę̄ gnōmę̄. meta hēmeras de tinas elthontas epi tēn toutou episkepsin heurēkenai to sōma odōdos exerpsan te skōlēkas kai nephos muiōn epʼ auto esmēneukenai. houtos toinyn houtōs mataiōs ton heautou bion katastrepsas aitios gegonen autois tēs haireseōs, ex houper hoi auton mimoumenoi Dositheoi eitoun Dosithēnoi kalountai.
He withdrew somewhere into a cave out of excessive self-chosen wisdom, and, persisting vainly and hypocritically in fasting, as the story goes, died thus for lack of bread and water, supposedly by his own choice. After some days, those who came to visit him found the body stinking, worms crawling out of it, and a cloud of flies swarming over it. So this man, ending his life in such a vain way, became the cause of the sect for them; from him those who imitate him are called Dositheans or Dosithenes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius reports that Dositheus died from fasting in a cave.
- A hostile report; its source is not named.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 13.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:206; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-13-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 13, chapter 2
13.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:206–207
Καὶ αὑται μὲν αἱ ἐλθοῦσαι εἰς ἡμῶν τὴν γνῶσιν περὶ] τῶν προειρημένων τεσσάρων αἱρέσεων διαφοραί, αἵτινες ἀνατραπήσονται διὰ τῶν κατʼ αὐτῶν εἰρημένων.
Kai hautai men hai elthousai eis hēmōn tēn gnōsin peri] tōn proeirēmenōn tessarōn haireseōn diaphorai, haitines anatrapēsontai dia tōn katʼ autōn eirēmenōn.
These, then, are the differences of the four sects already mentioned that have come to our knowledge; they will be refuted by what has been said against them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Summary of the four Samaritan sects.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 13.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:206–207; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-13-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
13.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:207
ἐπάνειμι δὲ αὖθις τὰς κατὰ διαδοχὴν τῶν χρόνων παρενδύσεις καὶ τῆς πλάνης τὰ βοσκήματα συνείρων καὶ ποιούμενος τὴν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἀντιλογίαν, ἐν τῷ τὰ σχέτλια αὐτῶν ἀποκαλύπτειν ἐπιτηδεύματα καὶ διὰ συντόμου λόγου ποιεῖσθαι τὸν ἔλεγχον τῆς τῶν κακῶν καὶ ὀλετηρίων ἑρπετῶν ἰοβολίας. Πεπλήρωνται αἱ τῶν Σαμαρειτῶν αἱρέσεις δ. Ἰουδαϊσμὸς λοιπόν. ὁ δὲ Ἰουδαϊσμὸς ἐμερίσθη εἰς αἱρέσεις ἑπτά·
epaneimi de authis tas kata diadochēn tōn chronōn parendyseis kai tēs planēs ta boskēmata syneirōn kai poioumenos tēn pros autous antilogian, en tǭ ta schetlia autōn apokalyptein epitēdeumata kai dia syntomou logou poieisthai ton elenchon tēs tōn kakōn kai oletēriōn herpetōn iobolias. Peplērōntai hai tōn Samareitōn haireseis d. Ioudaïsmos loipon. ho de Ioudaïsmos emeristhē eis haireseis hepta;
I return again, linking together the intrusions that came in the succession of the times and the herds of error, and making my rebuttal of them, by uncovering their wretched practices and in brief words refuting the venomous spitting of these evil and deadly reptiles. The four sects of the Samaritans are completed. Judaism now. Judaism was divided into seven sects:
Notes and citation
Summary: Transition from the Samaritans to the seven Jewish sects.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): ποι- εῖσθαι → ποιεῖσθαι.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 13.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:207; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-13-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 14, chapter 1
14.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:207
Αἱρέσεις πάλιν μετὰ ταύτας τὰς προειρημένας τῶν Σαμαρειτῶν καὶ <τὰς> ἄνω που τῶν Ἑλλήνων προδηλωθείσας ἑπτὰ τὸν ἀριθμὸν παρὰ Ἱουδαίοις πρὸ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐνσάρκου παρουσίας ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ τε καὶ Ἱεροσολύμοις.
Haireseis palin meta tautas tas proeirēmenas tōn Samareitōn kai <tas> anō pou tōn Hellēnōn prodēlōtheisas hepta ton arithmon para Hioudaiois pro tēs tou Christou ensarkou parousias en tę̄ Ioudaią te kai Hierosolymois.
Again, after these sects of the Samaritans already described and those of the Greeks set out somewhere above, there were seven sects among the Jews before the coming of Christ in the flesh, in Judea and Jerusalem.
Notes and citation
Summary: Seven Jewish sects existed before Christ.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 14.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:207; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-14-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 14, chapter 2
14.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:207
2. Πρῶτοι Σαδδουκαῖοι, ἀπόσπασμα ὄντες ἀπὸ Δοσιθέου τοῦ προλελεγμένου. ἐπονομάζουσι δὲ οὑτοι ἑαυτοὺς Σαδδουκαίους, δῆθεν ἀπὸ δικαιοσύνης τῆς ἐπικλήσεως ὁρμωμένης· Σεδὲκ γὰρ ἑρμηνεύεται δικαιοσύνη. ἦν δὲ καὶ Σαδδούκ τις τοὔνομα κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν τῶν ἱερέων.
2. Prōtoi Saddoukaioi, apospasma ontes apo Dositheou tou prolelegmenou. eponomazousi de houtoi heautous Saddoukaious, dēthen apo dikaiosynēs tēs epiklēseōs hormōmenēs; Sedek gar hermēneuetai dikaiosynē. ēn de kai Saddouk tis tounoma kata to palaion tōn hiereōn.
First, the Sadducees, an offshoot of the Dositheus already mentioned. They call themselves Sadducees, supposedly because the name derives from righteousness; for “Sedek” is interpreted “righteousness.” There was also in antiquity a priest named Zadok.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Sadducees, an offshoot of Dositheus, take their name from “righteousness.”
- The derivation from Dositheus is Epiphanius's claim.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 14.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:207; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-14-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
14.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:207–208
ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐνέμειναν οὗτοι ἐν τῇ τοῦ ἐπιστάτου αὐτῶν διδασκαλίᾳ. ἠθέτησαν μὲν γὰρ οὗτοι νεκρῶν τὴν ἀνάστασιν, ὅμοια Σαμαρείταις φρονοῦντες· οὐ παραδέχονται δὲ ἀγγέλους, ὅπερ Σαμαρεῖται οὐκ ἀθετοῦσι· πνεῦμα δὲ ἅγιον οὐκ ἴσασιν, οὐ γάρ εἰσι τούτου ἠξιωμένοι· τὰ πάντα δὲ ἴσα Σαμαρείταις φυλάττουσιν.
allʼ ouk enemeinan houtoi en tę̄ tou epistatou autōn didaskalią. ēthetēsan men gar houtoi nekrōn tēn anastasin, homoia Samareitais phronountes; ou paradechontai de angelous, hoper Samareitai ouk athetousi; pneuma de hagion ouk isasin, ou gar eisi toutou ēxiōmenoi; ta panta de isa Samareitais phylattousin.
But they did not remain in the teaching of their leader. For they rejected the resurrection of the dead, thinking like the Samaritans; they do not accept angels, which the Samaritans do not reject; they do not know the Holy Spirit, for they have not been counted worthy of it; in all else they observe the same things as the Samaritans.
Acts 23:8 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Sadducees deny resurrection, angels, and the Spirit.
- Cf. Acts 23:8.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 14.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:207–208; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-14-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
14.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:208
οὐκ ἦσαν δὲ οὗτοι Σαμαρεῖται, ἀλλὰ Ἰουδαῖοι. ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις γὰρ ἐθυσίαζον τά τε ἄλλα πάντα Ἰουδαίοις συνέπραττον.
ouk ēsan de houtoi Samareitai, alla Ioudaioi. en Hierosolymois gar ethysiazon ta te alla panta Ioudaiois synepratton.
But they were not Samaritans but Jews; for they sacrificed in Jerusalem and did everything else together with the Jews.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Sadducees were Jews, not Samaritans.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 14.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:208; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-14-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 14, chapter 3
14.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:208
3. καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ ἀνατραπήσονται ἀπὸ τῆς ἀξιοπίστου τοῦ κυρίου φωνῆς, ἣν αὐτοὶ καθʼ ἑαυτῶν ἐπεσπάσαντο διὰ τῆς τοῦ ζητήματος ἐπιλύσεως, ὅτε προσῆλθον αὐτῷ λέγοντες, εἰ δύναται εἶναι νεκρῶν ἀνάστασις· καὶ ὅτι ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοὶ ἐγένοντο, καὶ ὁ πρῶτος γυναῖκα ἔγημεν καὶ ἄπαις ἐτελεύτα, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ἔλαβεν αὐτήν, Μωυσέως παρακελευομένου ἐπιγαμβρεῦσαι τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἄπαιδος τελευτήσαντος καὶ ἄγεσθαι αὐτὴν τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸ ἐξαναστῆσαι σπέρμα εἰς ὄνομα τοῦ κατοιχομένου. ἔλαβε γοῦν, φησί, ταύτην ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ δεύτερος καὶ ἐτελεύτησαν, ὁμοίως καὶ οἱ ἑπτά. ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀναστάσει τῶν νεκρῶν τίνος ἔσται αὕτη γυνή, ἐπειδὴ καὶ οἱ ἑπτὰ αὐτὴν ἐγνώκασιν;
3. kai autoi de anatrapēsontai apo tēs axiopistou tou kyriou phōnēs, hēn autoi kathʼ heautōn epespasanto dia tēs tou zētēmatos epilyseōs, hote prosēlthon autǭ legontes, ei dynatai einai nekrōn anastasis; kai hoti hepta adelphoi egenonto, kai ho prōtos gynaika egēmen kai apais eteleuta, kai ho deuteros elaben autēn, Mōyseōs parakeleuomenou epigambreusai tēn gynaika tou adelphou apaidos teleutēsantos kai agesthai autēn tǭ adelphǭ autou pros to exanastēsai sperma eis onoma tou katoichomenou. elabe goun, phēsi, tautēn ho prōtos kai ho deuteros kai eteleutēsan, homoiōs kai hoi hepta. en de tę̄ anastasei tōn nekrōn tinos estai hautē gynē, epeidē kai hoi hepta autēn egnōkasin?
They too will be refuted by the trustworthy voice of the Lord, which they drew upon themselves by the solution to their question, when they came to him asking whether there could be a resurrection of the dead: that there were seven brothers, and the first married a wife and died childless, and the second took her, since Moses commanded a man to marry his brother's wife when the brother died childless, and take her for his brother, to raise up seed in the name of the deceased. So, it says, the first took her and the second, and they died, and likewise all seven. In the resurrection of the dead whose wife will she be, since all seven knew her?
Matt 22:23 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 22:28 (quotation, medium confidence) · Deut 25:5 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Sadducees' question to Jesus about the woman with seven husbands.
- Matt 22:23–28; Deut 25:5–6.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 14.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:208; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-14-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
14.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:208
ὁ δὲ κύριος ἔφη »πλανᾶσθε, μὴ εἰδότες τὰς γραφὰς μηδὲ τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ θεοῦ. ἐν γὰρ τῇ ἀναστάσει τῶν νεκρῶν οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε γαμίσκονται, ἀλλὰ ἰσάγγελοί εἰσιν. ὅτι δὲ ἀναστήσονται οἱ νεκροὶ Μωυσῆς ὑμᾶς διδάξει, ὡς ὁ θεὸς αὐτῷ ἐχρημάτισε λέγων, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ὁ θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ ὁ θεὸς Ἰακώβ· θεὸς δέ ἐστι ζώντων καὶ οὐχὶ νεκρῶν«. καί »ἐφίμωσεν αὐτῶν τὸ στόμα«. εὐάλωτοι γὰρ οὗτοι καὶ μὴ δυνάμενοι ἀντιστῆναι μὴ μίαν ὥραν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν.
ho de kyrios ephē »planasthe, mē eidotes tas graphas mēde tēn dynamin tou theou. en gar tę̄ anastasei tōn nekrōn oute gamousin oute gamiskontai, alla isangeloi eisin. hoti de anastēsontai hoi nekroi Mōysēs hymas didaxei, hōs ho theos autǭ echrēmatise legōn, egō eimi ho theos Abraam kai ho theos Isaak kai ho theos Iakōb; theos de esti zōntōn kai ouchi nekrōn«. kai »ephimōsen autōn to stoma«. eualōtoi gar houtoi kai mē dynamenoi antistēnai mē mian hōran pros tēn alētheian.
But the Lord said, “You are wrong, not knowing the Scriptures nor the power of God. For in the resurrection of the dead they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are equal to angels. And that the dead will rise, Moses will teach you, as God spoke to him saying, I am the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob; and he is God of the living and not of the dead.” And “he silenced them.” For they are easily caught and cannot stand even for an hour against the truth.
Matt 22:29 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 22:30 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 20:36 (quotation, high confidence) · Exod 3:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 22:34 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus refutes the Sadducees from Exodus.
- A conflation of Matt 22:29–32, Luke 20:36, and Exod 3:6; “he silenced them” from Matt 22:34.
Topics: Eschatology, Marriage
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 14.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:208; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-14-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 15, chapter 1
15.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:208–209
Μετὰ τούτους τοὺς Σαδδουκαίους Γραμματεῖς γεγόνασιν, ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ χρόνου ἢ καὶ σὺν αὐτοῖς τὴν ἡλικίαν κατάγοντες· οἵτινες ἠσαν δευτερωταὶ τοῦ νόμου ὡς γραμματικήν τινα ἐπιστήμην ὑφηγούμενοι, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα πράττοντες τῶν Ἰουδαίων περιττὴν δέ τινα δῆθεν σοφιστικὴν ὑφήγησιν εἰσηγούμενοι,
Meta toutous tous Saddoukaious Grammateis gegonasin, ana meson tou chronou ē kai syn autois tēn hēlikian katagontes; hoitines ēsan deuterōtai tou nomou hōs grammatikēn tina epistēmēn hyphēgoumenoi, ta men alla prattontes tōn Ioudaiōn perittēn de tina dēthen sophistikēn hyphēgēsin eisēgoumenoi,
After these Sadducees came the Scribes, in the meantime or even of the same period as they; they were repeaters of the law, teaching it as a kind of grammatical science, doing the other things the Jews do but introducing a superfluous, supposedly clever instruction,
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scribes taught the law as a kind of grammar.
- “Repeaters” (δευτερωταί) are teachers of the oral tradition.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:208–209; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
15.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:209
οὐ κατὰ νόμον μόνον βιοῦντες, ἀλλὰ περισσότερον ζεστῶν βαπτισμοὺς« φυλάσσοντες »καὶ ποτηρίων καὶ πινακίων‘ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων σκευῶν τῆς ὑπηρεσίας, ὡς δῆθεν ἐπὶ τὸ ἀκραιφνὲς καὶ ὅσιον διακείμενοι, πυγμῇ μὲν τὰς χεῖρας νιπτόμενοι«, πυγμῇ δὲ καὶ μολυσμούς τινας διʼ ὑδάτων καὶ λουτρῶν ἀποσμηχόμενοι,
ou kata nomon monon biountes, alla perissoteron zestōn baptismous« phylassontes »kai potēriōn kai pinakiōn‘ kai tōn allōn skeuōn tēs hypēresias, hōs dēthen epi to akraiphnes kai hosion diakeimenoi, pygmę̄ men tas cheiras niptomenoi«, pygmę̄ de kai molysmous tinas diʼ hydatōn kai loutrōn aposmēchomenoi,
not only living by the law but, beyond that, observing “washings of pitchers and cups and dishes” and other vessels of service, as if devoted to purity and holiness, “washing their hands with the fist,” and with the fist also scrubbing off certain defilements with water and baths,
Mark 7:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Mark 7:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scribes practiced extra washings of vessels and hands.
- Mark 7:3–4. “Pitchers” translates ξεστῶν, printed as ζεστῶν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:209; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
15.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:209
ἔχοντες δέ τινα »κράσπεδα« σημαντικὰ τῆς αὐτῶν πολιτείας εἰς ἐπίδειξιν κόμπου καὶ ἔπαινον τῶν θεωμένων· καὶ »φυλακτήρια« παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς ἐπὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ἐπετίθεντο τουτέστι πλατέα σήματα πορφύρας.
echontes de tina »kraspeda« sēmantika tēs autōn politeias eis epideixin kompou kai epainon tōn theōmenōn; kai »phylaktēria« parʼ heautois epi ta himatia epetithento toutesti platea sēmata porphyras.
and having certain “fringes” as tokens of their way of life, to display their pride and win the praise of onlookers; and they put “phylacteries” on their garments, that is, broad stripes of purple.
Matt 23:5 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scribes wore fringes and phylacteries for show.
- Matt 23:5; Epiphanius explains phylacteries as purple stripes.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:209; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
15.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:209
νομίσῃ δʼ ἄν τις, ἐπειδήπερ καὶ ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦτο ἐμφέρεται, μὴ ἄρα περὶ περιάπτων λέγει, ἐπειδὴ καὶ εἴωθόν τινες τὰ περίαπτα φυλακτήρια ὀνομάζειν.
nomisę̄ dʼ an tis, epeidēper kai en tǭ euangeliǭ touto empheretai, mē ara peri periaptōn legei, epeidē kai eiōthon tines ta periapta phylaktēria onomazein.
Someone might think, since this is mentioned in the Gospel, that it is speaking of amulets, since some are accustomed to call amulets phylacteries.
Notes and citation
Summary: Phylacteries in the Gospel are not amulets.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:209; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
15.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:209
οὐκ ἔχει δὲ ὁ λόγος τὸ παράπαν περὶ τούτου. ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὴ στολὰς εἴτʼ οὖν ἀμπεχόνας οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἀνεβάλλοντο καὶ δαλματικὰς, εἴτʼ οὖν κολοβίωνας ἐκ πλατυσήμων διὰ πορφύρας ἁλουργοϋφεῖς κατεσκευασμένας, τὰ δὲ σήματα τῆς πορφύρας φυλακτήρια εἴωθον οἱ ἠκριβωμένοι μετονομάζειν, τούτου ἕνεκεν φυλακτήρια αὐτὰ καὶ ὁ κύριος κατʼ ἐκείνους εἴρηκε.
ouk echei de ho logos to parapan peri toutou. allʼ epeidē stolas eitʼ oun ampechonas hoi toioutoi aneballonto kai dalmatikas, eitʼ oun kolobiōnas ek platysēmōn dia porphyras halourgoÿpheis kateskeuasmenas, ta de sēmata tēs porphyras phylaktēria eiōthon hoi ēkribōmenoi metonomazein, toutou heneken phylaktēria auta kai ho kyrios katʼ ekeinous eirēke.
But the passage is not at all about this. Since such people put on robes or cloaks and dalmatics, or colobia, made with broad stripes woven of purple, and the precise were accustomed to call the purple stripes phylacteries, for this reason the Lord too called them phylacteries in their manner of speaking.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Lord used the Scribes' own term for purple stripes.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:209; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
15.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:209
δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀκολουθία τὴν φράσιν τῆς ὀνομασίας, <τὸ> »καὶ τὰ κράσπεδα τῶν ἱματίων‘· τὰ γὰρ κράσπεδά <φησιν> ἵνα εἴπῃ κροσσούς, τὰ φυλακτήρια, ἴνα εἴπῃ τῆς πορφύρας τὰ σήματα. φησὶ γὰρ ὅτι »πλατύνετε τὰ φυλακτήρια καὶ τὰ κράσπεδα τῶν ἱματίων ὑμῶν μεγαλύνετε«.
dēloi de kai hē akolouthia tēn phrasin tēs onomasias, <to> »kai ta kraspeda tōn himatiōn‘; ta gar kraspeda <phēsin> hina eipę̄ krossous, ta phylaktēria, ina eipę̄ tēs porphyras ta sēmata. phēsi gar hoti »platynete ta phylaktēria kai ta kraspeda tōn himatiōn hymōn megalynete«.
The sequence also shows the sense of the name, “and the fringes of the garments”; he says “fringes” meaning tassels, and “phylacteries” meaning the purple stripes. For he says, “You broaden your phylacteries and lengthen the fringes of your garments.”
Matt 23:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Fringes are tassels and phylacteries purple stripes.
- Matt 23:5.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): κρά- σπεδα τῶν → κράσπεδα τῶν.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:209; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
15.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:209
ῥοίσκους δέ τινος ἐπὶ τὰ τέσσαρα πτερύγια τοῦ τρίβωνος ἕκαστος εἶχεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ στήμονος καταδεδεμένους, ἐν ᾠ χρόνῳ ἐνεκρατεύετο ἢ παρθενίαν ἤσκει· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἕκαστος ταξάμενος ὥριζε καιρὸν ἁγνείας ἢ ἐγκρατείας καὶ ταῦτα αὐτῶν τὰ πρωτότυπα ἠν εἰς τὸ ἐμφαίνειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν ἐπαγγελλόμενα, ἵνα μηδεὶς ἅψηται δῆθεν τῶν ἡγιασμένων.
rhoiskous de tinos epi ta tessara pterygia tou tribōnos hekastos eichen ex autou tou stēmonos katadedemenous, en ǭ chronǭ enekrateueto ē parthenian ēskei; epeidē gar hekastos taxamenos hōrize kairon hagneias ē enkrateias kai tauta autōn ta prōtotypa ēn eis to emphainein tois anthrōpois ta parʼ autōn epangellomena, hina mēdeis hapsētai dēthen tōn hēgiasmenōn.
Each of them had certain tassels [like pomegranates] on the four corners of his cloak, tied from the warp itself, during the time he was practicing continence or virginity. For since each, by a vow, set a period of purity or continence, these were their signs, to show people what they had vowed, so that no one should touch those supposedly sanctified.
Num 15:38 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Tassels on their cloaks signaled vows of continence.
- Cf. Num 15:38; Deut 22:12.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:209; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 15, chapter 2
15.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:209–210
Δευτερώσεις δὲ παρʼ αὐτοῖς τέσσαρες ἠσαν μία μὲν εἰς ὄνομα Μωυσέως τοῦ προφήτου <φερομένη> δευτέρα δὲ εἰς τὸν αὐτῶν Ἀκίβαν οὕτω καλούμενον ἢ Βαρακίβαν· ἄλλη δὲ εἰς τὸν Ἀδδᾶν ἢ Ἀνναν τὸν καὶ Ἰούδαν· ἑτέρα δὲ εἰς τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἀσαμωναίου.
Deuterōseis de parʼ autois tessares ēsan mia men eis onoma Mōyseōs tou prophētou <pheromenē> deutera de eis ton autōn Akiban houtō kaloumenon ē Barakiban; allē de eis ton Addan ē Annan ton kai Ioudan; hetera de eis tous huious Asamōnaiou.
They had four traditions: one attributed to the name of Moses the prophet; a second to their so-called Akiba or Barakiba; another to Addas or Annas, also called Judah; and another to the sons of Hasmonaeus.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scribes had four bodies of tradition.
- Epiphanius's account of the sources of the oral law; the attributions are his.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:209–210; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
15.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:210
ἐκ τούτων τῶν τεσσάρων δευτερώσεων ὅσα παρʼ αὐτοῖς νενόμισται οἰήσει σοφίας (ἀσοφίας δὲ τὰ πλεῖστα), αὐχεῖται καὶ ᾄδεται καὶ ἐν τάξει προκριτέας διδασκαλίας βοᾶταί τε καὶ φημίζεται.
ek toutōn tōn tessarōn deuterōseōn hosa parʼ autois nenomistai oiēsei sophias (asophias de ta pleista), aucheitai kai ądetai kai en taxei prokriteas didaskalias boatai te kai phēmizetai.
Whatever is customary among them from these four traditions, out of a conceit of wisdom (though mostly of folly), is boasted of and sung and proclaimed and celebrated as teaching to be preferred.
Notes and citation
Summary: The traditions are boasted of as superior teaching.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 15.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:210; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-15-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 16, chapter 1
16.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:210
Ταύταις ταῖς δυσὶν αἱρέσεσιν κατʼ ἀκολουθίαν συνῆπται ἡ τῶν Φαρισαίων αἵρεσις ἄλλη τις· οἵτινες τὰ αὐτὰ τούτοις ἐφρόνουν, Γραμματεῦσι δέ φημι τοῖς ἑρμηνευομένοις νομοδιδασκάλοις· συνῆσαν γὰρ αὐτοῖς καὶ οἱ Νομικοί.
Tautais tais dysin hairesesin katʼ akolouthian synēptai hē tōn Pharisaiōn hairesis allē tis; hoitines ta auta toutois ephronoun, Grammateusi de phēmi tois hermēneuomenois nomodidaskalois; synēsan gar autois kai hoi Nomikoi.
Joined to these two sects in sequence is another, the sect of the Pharisees, who held the same views as these, I mean the Scribes, who are interpreted “teachers of the law”; for the Lawyers were associated with them.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pharisees share the Scribes' views.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:210; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:210
ἄλλα δὲ καὶ παρὰ τούτους πάλιν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἐφρόνουν, πολιτείας μείζους ἔχοντες. τινὲς μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν, ὅτε ἤσκουν καὶ ὥριζον δεκαετίαν ἢ ὀκταετίαν ἢ τετραετίαν ὁμοίως παρθενίας ἢ ἐγκρατείας, συνεχῶς εὐχόμενοι πυκνότερον ἀγῶνα τοῦτον ἐνίσταντο διὰ τὸ δῆθεν μὴ σωματικόν τι παθεῖν ἢ κλαπῆναι δι ὀνειράτων ἀηδῆ ῥύσιν σώματος ἀπεργαζομένων.
alla de kai para toutous palin hoi Pharisaioi ephronoun, politeias meizous echontes. tines men gar autōn, hote ēskoun kai hōrizon dekaetian ē oktaetian ē tetraetian homoiōs parthenias ē enkrateias, synechōs euchomenoi pyknoteron agōna touton enistanto dia to dēthen mē sōmatikon ti pathein ē klapēnai di oneiratōn aēdē rhysin sōmatos apergazomenōn.
But the Pharisees held other views besides these, having stricter ways of life. For some of them, when they practiced and fixed a period of ten years, or eight, or four, of virginity or continence, praying constantly, undertook this struggle more intensely, so as not to suffer anything bodily or be surprised by dreams producing an unpleasant bodily flow.
Notes and citation
Summary: Some Pharisees practiced long periods of continence.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:210; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:210
καὶ οἱ μὲν σανίδα ἑαυτοῖς ἐφιλοκάλουν σπιθαμῆς μόνης τὸ πλάτος καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτην ἑαυτοὺς ἐτίθεσαν κατὰ τὴν ἑσπέραν, ἵνʼ εἰ ὑπνώσειέν τις καὶ καταπέσοι εἰς τοὔδαφος αὐθις ἐγείρηται εἰς εὐχήν, διὰ τὸ ἄγρυπνον ἔχειν τὸν βίον κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν.
kai hoi men sanida heautois ephilokaloun spithamēs monēs to platos kai epi tautēn heautous etithesan kata tēn hesperan, hinʼ ei hypnōseien tis kai katapesoi eis toudaphos authis egeirētai eis euchēn, dia to agrypnon echein ton bion kata to dynaton.
Some made themselves a plank only a span wide and lay on it in the evening, so that if anyone fell asleep and fell to the ground he would wake again for prayer, in order to keep his life as wakeful as possible.
Notes and citation
Summary: Some slept on narrow planks to stay awake for prayer.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated syllables): καταπέσοι πέσοι → καταπέσοι.
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:210; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:210–211
ἄλλοι δὲ κόχλακας συλλέγοντες ἑαυτοῖς ὑπεστρώννυον εἰς τὸ νυττομένους μὴ ὕπωῳ βαθεῖ φέρεσθαι, ἀλλὰ βιάζεσθαι γρηγόρησιν ἑαυτοῖς προσπορίζεσθαι· ἄλλοι δὲ καὶ ἀκάνθας στρωμνὴν εἶχον διὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὑπόθεσιν.
alloi de kochlakas syllegontes heautois hypestrōnnyon eis to nyttomenous mē hypōǭ bathei pheresthai, alla biazesthai grēgorēsin heautois prosporizesthai; alloi de kai akanthas strōmnēn eichon dia tēn autēn hypothesin.
Others gathered pebbles and spread them under themselves, so that, being pricked, they might not be carried off into deep sleep but force themselves to stay awake; others had thorns as their bedding for the same purpose.
Notes and citation
Summary: Others slept on pebbles or thorns.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:210–211; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:211
ἐνήστευον δὲ δὶς τοῦ σαββάτου, δευτέραν καὶ πέμπτην· ἀπεδεκάτουν δὲ τὴν δεκάτωσιν, τὰς ἀπαρχὰς ἐδίδουν, τριακοντάδας τε καὶ πεντηκοντάδας, τάς τε θυσίας καὶ τὰς εὐχὰς ἀσφαλέστατα ἀπετίννυον.
enēsteuon de dis tou sabbatou, deuteran kai pemptēn; apedekatoun de tēn dekatōsin, tas aparchas edidoun, triakontadas te kai pentēkontadas, tas te thysias kai tas euchas asphalestata apetinnyon.
They fasted twice a week, on Monday and Thursday; they paid the tithe, gave the first fruits, the thirtieths and fiftieths, and paid their sacrifices and vows most scrupulously.
Luke 18:12 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pharisees fasted twice weekly and tithed scrupulously.
- Cf. Luke 18:12.
Topics: Fasting
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:211; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:211
τῷ δὲ προειρημένῳ σχήματι τῶν Γραμματέων προήρχοντο, διά τοι τῆς ἀμπεχόνης καὶ διὰ τῶν ἄλλων σχημάτων καὶ γυναικικῶν ἱματίων ἐν πλατείαις ταῖς κρηπῖσιν καὶ γλώτταις τῶν ὑποδημάτων προϊόντες.
tǭ de proeirēmenǭ schēmati tōn Grammateōn proērchonto, dia toi tēs ampechonēs kai dia tōn allōn schēmatōn kai gynaikikōn himatiōn en plateiais tais krēpisin kai glōttais tōn hypodēmatōn proïontes.
They went about in the dress of the Scribes already described, with the cloak and the other garb, and in women's garments, going out in shoes with broad soles and tongues.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pharisees' dress.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:211; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:211
ἐλέγοντο δὲ Φαρισαῖοι διὰ τὸ ἀφωρισμένους εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων διὰ τὴν ἐθελοπερισσοθρῃσκείαν τὴν παρʼ αὐτοῖς νενομισμένην· Φάρες γὰρ κατὰ τὴν Ἑβραΐδα ἑρμηνεύεται ἀφορισμός.
elegonto de Pharisaioi dia to aphōrismenous einai autous apo tōn allōn dia tēn etheloperissothrę̄skeian tēn parʼ autois nenomismenēn; Phares gar kata tēn Hebraïda hermēneuetai aphorismos.
They were called Pharisees because they were separated from the others by the self-chosen excess of religion customary among them; for “Phares” in Hebrew is interpreted “separation.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The name Pharisee means “separated.”
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:211; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 16, chapter 2
16.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:211
2. Ὡμολόγουν δὲ οὗτοι ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν, ἐπίστευόν τε ἀγγέλους εἶναι καὶ πνεῦμα, ἠγνόησαν δὲ υἱὸν θεοῦ ὡς οἱ ἄλλοι.
2. Hōmologoun de houtoi anastasin nekrōn, episteuon te angelous einai kai pneuma, ēgnoēsan de huion theou hōs hoi alloi.
They confessed the resurrection of the dead and believed that there are angels and a Spirit, but, like the others, did not know the Son of God.
Acts 23:8 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pharisees affirm resurrection and angels but not the Son of God.
- Cf. Acts 23:8.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:211; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:211
ἀλλὰ καὶ εἱμαρμένη καὶ ἀστρονομία παρʼ αὐτοῖς σφόδρα ἐχρημάτιζεν. αὐτίκα γοῦν τὰ Ἑλληνικὰ ὀνόματα τὰ ἐκ τῆς τῶν πεπλανημένων ἀστρονομίας κατὰ τὴν Ἑβραϊκὴν διάλεκτον ἑτέροις ὀνόμασι παρʼ αὐτοῖς μετωνόμασται·
alla kai heimarmenē kai astronomia parʼ autois sphodra echrēmatizen. autika goun ta Hellēnika onomata ta ek tēs tōn peplanēmenōn astronomias kata tēn Hebraïkēn dialekton heterois onomasi parʼ autois metōnomastai;
But fate and astrology also carried great weight among them. For instance, the Greek names from the astrology of those in error have been renamed among them with other names in the Hebrew language:
Notes and citation
Summary: The Pharisees used astrology with Hebrew names.
- Epiphanius's claim; its basis is uncertain.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:211; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:211
οἷον Ἥλιος ἡμὰ καὶ σέμες, Σελήνη ἰέρεε καὶ ἀλβανά, ὅθεν καὶ μήνη καλεῖται (ἰέρεε γὰρ ὁ μὴν λέγεται, μήνη δὲ ἡ σελήνη, καὶ παρʼ Ἕλλησι διὰ τὸν μῆνα), Ἄρης χωχὲβ ὀκβόλ, Ἑρμῆς χωχὲβ ὀχομόδ, Ζεὺς χωχὲβ βάαλ, Ἀφροδίτη ζερούα ἤτοι λουήθ, Κρόνος χωχὲβ σαβήθ λέγεται δὲ παρʼ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἄλλοις ὀνόμασιν, οὐκ ἠδυνήθην δὲ ἀκριβῶς τὴν τούτων ἐπωνυμίαν ἐκθεῖναι).
hoion Hēlios hēma kai semes, Selēnē ieree kai albana, hothen kai mēnē kaleitai (ieree gar ho mēn legetai, mēnē de hē selēnē, kai parʼ Hellēsi dia ton mēna), Arēs chōcheb okbol, Hermēs chōcheb ochomod, Zeus chōcheb baal, Aphroditē zeroua ētoi louēth, Kronos chōcheb sabēth legetai de parʼ autois kai allois onomasin, ouk ēdynēthēn de akribōs tēn toutōn epōnymian ektheinai).
for example, the Sun is hemma and shemesh; the Moon is iereë and albana, whence it is also called mene (for iereë means the month, and mene the moon, also among the Greeks, because of the month); Mars is kokhab okbol, Mercury kokhab okhomod, Jupiter kokhab baal, Venus zerua or luith, Saturn kokhab shabeth (they are also called by other names among them, but I was unable to give their designation precisely).
Notes and citation
Summary: Hebrew names of the sun, moon, and planets.
- The Hebrew names are transliterated as Epiphanius gives them, several garbled.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:211; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:211–212
ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ματαίως νομιζόμενα εἰς ἀριθμὸν στοιχείων παρὰ τοῖς πεπλανημένοις ὀνόματα, ἃ ζῴδια καλοῦσι * καὶ ἀθεμίτως τὸν κόσμον εἰς ἀσέβειαν ἐπλάνησαν, οὕτω πάλιν Ἑβραϊκῶς [αὐτὰ] καλοῦσι· τελὰ σὼρ θωμὶμ σαρατὰν ἀρὶ βεθουλὰ μωζανὴ<μ> ἀκρὰβ κέσετ γαδὶ δαλλὶ οἵτινες τοῖς Ἕλλησι μάτην, λέγω δὴ οἱ Φαρισαιοι,
alla kai ta mataiōs nomizomena eis arithmon stoicheiōn para tois peplanēmenois onomata, ha zǭdia kalousi * kai athemitōs ton kosmon eis asebeian eplanēsan, houtō palin Hebraïkōs [auta] kalousi; tela sōr thōmim saratan ari bethoula mōzanē<m> akrab keset gadi dalli hoitines tois Hellēsi matēn, legō dē hoi Pharisaioi,
And the names vainly held by those in error to correspond to the number of the elements, which they call the signs of the zodiac, … and by which they have lawlessly led the world astray into impiety, they again call in Hebrew thus: tela, shor, thomim, saratan, ari, bethula, mozanem, akrab, keshet, gadi, dalli; they, I mean the Pharisees, vainly following the Greeks,
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hebrew names of the zodiac signs.
- The asterisk marks a gap; the editor deletes [αὐτά] (“them”).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:211–212; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:212
ἀκολουθήσαντες μετωνόμασαν εἰς τὴν Ἑβραΐδα τὰ αὐτὰ ὀνόματα οὕτω· Κριὸν δὴ τὸν παρʼ ἐκείνοις λεγόμενον τελά, Ταῦρον σώρ, Διδύμους θωμίμ, Καρκίνον σαρατάν, Λέοντα ἀρί, Παρθένον βεθουλά, Ζυγὸν >, Σκορπίον ἀκράβ, Τοξότην κέσετ, Αἰγόκερων γαδί Ὑδρηχόον δαλλί, Ἰχθύας δεγγίμ.
akolouthēsantes metōnomasan eis tēn Hebraïda ta auta onomata houtō; Krion dē ton parʼ ekeinois legomenon tela, Tauron sōr, Didymous thōmim, Karkinon saratan, Leonta ari, Parthenon bethoula, Zygon >, Skorpion akrab, Toxotēn keset, Aigokerōn gadi Hydrēchoon dalli, Ichthyas dengim.
renamed the same names in Hebrew thus: Aries, which they call tela; Taurus shor; Gemini thomim; Cancer saratan; Leo ari; Virgo bethula; Libra …; Scorpio akrab; Sagittarius keshet; Capricorn gadi; Aquarius dalli; Pisces deggim.
Notes and citation
Summary: The zodiac signs matched with their Hebrew names.
- The Hebrew name for Libra is missing in the digital text.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:212; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 16, chapter 3
16.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:212
3. Ταῦτα δὲ μοι οὐκ εἰς στρόβησιν τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων κατατέτακται οὐδὲ ἵνα τὴν χυδαιολογίαν τῶν τὴν ἀσύστατον καὶ φρενοβλαβῆ μωρολογίαν τῆς ἀστρονομίας τῷ βίῳ παρεισαξάντων συστήσω· ἐλήλεγκται γὰρ αὕτη ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας ἀσύστατος οὖσα καὶ ἐσφαλμένη.
3. Tauta de moi ouk eis strobēsin tōn entynchanontōn katatetaktai oude hina tēn chydaiologian tōn tēn asystaton kai phrenoblabē mōrologian tēs astronomias tǭ biǭ pareisaxantōn systēsō; elēlenktai gar hautē hypo tēs alētheias asystatos ousa kai esphalmenē.
I have not set these things down to confuse my readers, nor to commend the vulgar talk of those who have introduced into life the incoherent and deranged folly of astrology; for it has been refuted by the truth as incoherent and mistaken.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius lists the names not to endorse astrology.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): φρενο- βλαβῆ → φρενοβλαβῆ.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:212; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:212
εἴρηται δὲ ἡμῖν ἐν ἄλλοις λόγοις πολλὰ πρὸς ἀνατροπὴν τῶν γένεσιν καὶ εἱμαρμένην νομιζόντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῷ προοιμίῳ τούτου τοῦ συντάγματος ἐν ὀλίγῳ ἡμῖν κατὰ τῶν αὐτῶν πεπραγμάτευται· διὰ δὲ τὸ μή τινα νομίσαι κατὰ συκοφαντίαν ἡμᾶς κατά τινων φέρεσθαι καὶ μὴ τὰ ἀληθῆ ἐκ παραδόσεων ἀκριβώσαντας ἐκθέσθαι ταῦτα ἡμῖν καὶ ὀνομαστὶ εἴρηται.
eirētai de hēmin en allois logois polla pros anatropēn tōn genesin kai heimarmenēn nomizontōn, alla kai en tǭ prooimiǭ toutou tou syntagmatos en oligǭ hēmin kata tōn autōn pepragmateutai; dia de to mē tina nomisai kata sykophantian hēmas kata tinōn pheresthai kai mē ta alēthē ek paradoseōn akribōsantas ekthesthai tauta hēmin kai onomasti eirētai.
We have said much in other works to overturn those who believe in nativity and fate, and also in the preface of this treatise we have dealt briefly with the same people; but so that no one should think we attack anyone by false accusation, and not after setting out the truth precisely from traditions, we have stated these things even by name.
Notes and citation
Summary: The names are given to show the accusation is accurate.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:212; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:212
ἐσχάτη δὲ αὐτοῖς ἀπορία καὶ ἠλιθιότης οὐχ ἡ τυχοῦσα, τοῖς καὶ ἀνάστασιν ὁμολογοῦσιν καὶ κρίσιν δικαίαν ὁριζομένοις. πῶς γὰρ δύναται κρίσις εἶναι καὶ εἱμαρμένη;
eschatē de autois aporia kai ēlithiotēs ouch hē tychousa, tois kai anastasin homologousin kai krisin dikaian horizomenois. pōs gar dynatai krisis einai kai heimarmenē?
Their final perplexity and no ordinary folly is that they both confess the resurrection and define a just judgment. For how can there be both judgment and fate?
Notes and citation
Summary: Belief in fate contradicts belief in judgment.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:212; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:212
δυοῖν γὰρ ἀνάγκη θάτερον, ἢ γενέσεως ὑπαρχούσης μὴ εἶναι κρίσιν διὰ τὸ τὸν πράττοντα οὐκ ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ πράττειν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἀνάγκην ἐπικρατείας τῆς πεπρωμένης,
dyoin gar anankē thateron, ē geneseōs hyparchousēs mē einai krisin dia to ton prattonta ouk aphʼ heautou prattein, alla kata anankēn epikrateias tēs peprōmenēs,
For one of two things must be so: either, if nativity exists, there is no judgment, because the one who acts does not act of himself but by the necessity of the domination of destiny,
Notes and citation
Summary: If fate exists, judgment is impossible.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:212; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:212
ἢ ὅτι] κρίσεως ὑπαρχούσης καὶ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ ἐπαπειλουμένης καὶ νόμων δικαζόντων καὶ τῶν τὸ πονηρὸν δρώντων δίκην ὑπεχόντων — νόμου τε ὁμολογουμένου δικαίου καὶ κρίσεως θεοῦ ἀληθεστάτης — ἀργεῖν τὴν πεπρωμένην καὶ μὴ ἔχειν ὅλως σύστασιν τὸ παράπαν·
ē hoti] kriseōs hyparchousēs kai en alētheią epapeiloumenēs kai nomōn dikazontōn kai tōn to ponēron drōntōn dikēn hypechontōn — nomou te homologoumenou dikaiou kai kriseōs theou alēthestatēs — argein tēn peprōmenēn kai mē echein holōs systasin to parapan;
or, if judgment exists and is truly threatened, and laws judge, and evildoers undergo punishment (the law being confessed just and God's judgment most true), destiny is idle and has no standing whatever;
Notes and citation
Summary: If judgment exists, fate has no standing.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:212; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 16, chapter 4
16.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:212
4. ὁπότε διὰ τὸ δύνασθαι ἁμαρτεῖν καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτεῖν τὸν μὲν διὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα δίκην ἀπαιτεῖσθαι, τὸν δὲ ἔπαινον ἀπεκδέχεσθαι διὰ τὸ εὖ πεπραχέναι ὥρισται καθʼ ἑκατέρων τὸ διάφορον.
4. hopote dia to dynasthai hamartein kai mē hamartein ton men dia ta hamartēmata dikēn apaiteisthai, ton de epainon apekdechesthai dia to eu peprachenai hōristai kathʼ hekaterōn to diaphoron.
since, because one is able to sin and not to sin, the difference between the two has been defined: one is required to pay the penalty for sins, the other awaits praise for having done well.
Notes and citation
Summary: Freedom to sin or not grounds reward and punishment.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:212; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:212–213
ὡς καὶ μιᾷ φωνῇ † δικαίᾳ λέγειν συντόμῳ ἀληθείᾳ <τῇ> διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου ἐκ προσώπου κυρίου εἰρημένῃ »ἐὰν θέλητε καὶ εἰσακούσητέ μου, τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῆς γῆς φάφεσθε· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ θέλητε μηδὲ εἰσακούσητέ μου, μάχαιρα ὑμᾶς κατέδεται.
hōs kai mią phōnę̄ † dikaią legein syntomǭ alētheią <tę̄> dia Ēsaïou tou prophētou ek prosōpou kyriou eirēmenę̄ »ean thelēte kai eisakousēte mou, ta agatha tēs gēs phaphesthe; ean de mē thelēte mēde eisakousēte mou, machaira hymas katedetai.
As one may say with one … voice, briefly, by the truth spoken through Isaiah the prophet in the person of the Lord: “If you are willing and listen to me, you shall eat the good things of the land; but if you are not willing nor listen to me, the sword shall devour you.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Isa 1:19 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 1:20 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah's words show that human beings choose.
- Isa 1:19–20. A dagger marks δικαίᾳ as corrupt.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:212–213; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:213
τὸ γὰρ στόμα κυρίου ἐλάλησε ταῦτα«. ὥστε παντί τῳ δῆλόν ἐστι καὶ σαφὲς καὶ ἀναμφίβολον, ὡς τὸ αὐτεξούσιον παρέσχετο ὁ θεὸς <ὁ> διʼ αὑτοῦ τό »ἐὰν θέλητε καὶ ἐὰν μὴ θέλητε«, ὡς περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον εἶναι τὸ ἀγαθοεργεῖν ἢ τὸ φαύλων ἐφίεσθαι πραγμάτων.
to gar stoma kyriou elalēse tauta«. hōste panti tǭ dēlon esti kai saphes kai anamphibolon, hōs to autexousion parescheto ho theos <ho> diʼ hautou to »ean thelēte kai ean mē thelēte«, hōs peri ton anthrōpon einai to agathoergein ē to phaulōn ephiesthai pragmatōn.
For the mouth of the Lord has spoken these things.” So it is clear, plain and unambiguous to everyone that God granted free will, who by himself [said] “if you are willing and if you are not willing,” so that doing good or desiring evil deeds lies with the human being.
Isa 1:20 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God gave human beings free will.
- Isa 1:20.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:213; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:213
ἄρα τοίνυν ἔσφαλται ἡ διάνοια τῶν γένεσιν εἶναι νομισάντων καὶ μάλιστα Φαρισαίων· οἷς ἐπιφωνητέον ἐστὶ πυκνότερον καὶ πολλαχῶς, οὐ διὰ μιᾶς φωνῆς ἀλλὰ πολλάκις τὰ παρὰ τοῦ σωτῆρος πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἰρημένα »οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, Γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι ὑποκριταί, ὅτι καταλελοίπατε τὰ βαρέα τοῦ νόμου, τὴν κρίσιν καὶ τὸν ἔλεον, καὶ ἀποδεκατοῦτε τὸ ἄνηθον καὶ τὸ ἡδύοσμον καὶ τὸ πήγανον, καὶ καθαρίζετε τὸ ἐκτὸς τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τοῦ πίνακος, τὸ δὲ ἐντός ἐστι μεστὸν ἀκαθαρσίας καὶ ἀκρασίας.
ara toinyn esphaltai hē dianoia tōn genesin einai nomisantōn kai malista Pharisaiōn; hois epiphōnēteon esti pyknoteron kai pollachōs, ou dia mias phōnēs alla pollakis ta para tou sōtēros pros autous eirēmena »ouai hymin, Grammateis kai Pharisaioi hypokritai, hoti kataleloipate ta barea tou nomou, tēn krisin kai ton eleon, kai apodekatoute to anēthon kai to hēdyosmon kai to pēganon, kai katharizete to ektos tou potēriou kai tou pinakos, to de entos esti meston akatharsias kai akrasias.
So the thinking of those who believe in nativity, and especially of the Pharisees, is mistaken. To them one must cry out repeatedly and in many ways, not once but often, the words the Savior spoke to them: “Woe to you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, for you have neglected the weightier matters of the law, justice and mercy, and you tithe dill and mint and rue, and you clean the outside of the cup and dish, but the inside is full of uncleanness and self-indulgence.
Matt 23:23 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 23:25 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 11:42 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus' woes against the Scribes and Pharisees.
- A free conflation of Matt 23:23, 25 and Luke 11:42.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:213; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.4.5Holl GCS 25/31:213
καὶ δοκιμάζετε δίκαιον εἶναι ὀμνύναι ἐν τῷ ἐπάνω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, τὸ δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παρʼ ὑμῖν τοῦ ὅρκου λέλυται, καὶ τὸ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὀμνύναι οὐδὲν εἶναί φατε, ἐὰν δέ τις ὀμόσῃ ὑπεράνω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, τοῦτο δεδικαίωται. οὐχὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον βαστάζει τὸ ἐπικείμενον καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς θρόνος ἐστὶ τοῦ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἐπικαθεζομένου;
kai dokimazete dikaion einai omnynai en tǭ epanō tou thysiastēriou, to de en autǭ tǭ thysiastēriǭ parʼ hymin tou horkou lelytai, kai to en tǭ ouranǭ omnynai ouden einai phate, ean de tis omosę̄ hyperanō tou ouranou, touto dedikaiōtai. ouchi to thysiastērion bastazei to epikeimenon kai ho ouranos thronos esti tou epʼ autǭ epikathezomenou?
And you consider it right to swear by what is on the altar, but with you swearing by the altar itself does not bind; and you say that swearing by heaven is nothing, but if someone swears by what is above heaven, that is valid. Does not the altar bear what is laid on it, and is not heaven the throne of him who sits upon it?
Matt 23:18 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 23:22 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus' rebuke of their rules on oaths.
- A free paraphrase of Matt 23:16–22; the details differ from the Gospel.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.4.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:213; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.4.6Holl GCS 25/31:213
ἢ ὅτι λέγετε, ἐάν τις εἴπῃ πατρὶ καὶ μητρὶ κορβάν, ὅ ἐστι δῶρον ὃ ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθήσῃ, οὐκέτι μὴ τιμήσῃ τὸν πατέρα, καὶ ἠθετήσατε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ τῆς τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ὑμῶν παραδόσεως.
ē hoti legete, ean tis eipę̄ patri kai mētri korban, ho esti dōron ho ex emou ōphelēthēsę̄, ouketi mē timēsę̄ ton patera, kai ēthetēsate tēn entolēn tou theou dia tēs tōn presbyterōn hymōn paradoseōs.
Or because you say, if someone says to father and mother, ‘Korban,’ that is, ‘a gift, whatever you would have gained from me,’ he shall no longer honor his father; and you have set aside the commandment of God through the tradition of your elders.
Mark 7:11 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 15:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus' rebuke about Korban.
- Mark 7:11–13; Matt 15:5–6.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.4.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:213; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.4.7Holl GCS 25/31:213
καὶ κυκλεύετε θάλασσαν καὶ ξηρὰν ποιῆσαι ἕνα προσήλυτον, καὶ ὅταν γένηται, ποιεῖτε αὐτὸν υἱὸν γεέννης διπλότερον ὑμῶν«.
kai kykleuete thalassan kai xēran poiēsai hena prosēlyton, kai hotan genētai, poieite auton huion geennēs diploteron hymōn«.
And you travel around sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he becomes one, you make him a son of hell twice as much as yourselves.”
Matt 23:15 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus' rebuke about making proselytes.
- Matt 23:15.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.4.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:213; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
16.4.8Holl GCS 25/31:213–214
Τί τοίνυν περιττότερον τῶν ἁγίων ῥήσεων προβάλοιτό τις πρὸς ἀντίθεσιν τῶν προειρημένων; ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀρκεῖσθαι μᾶλλον ἡγοῦμαι ταῖς τοῦ σωτῆρος σοφαῖς καὶ ἀληθιναῖς λέξεσι, πρὸς ἃς οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν ἀντωπῆσαι οὔτε πρὸς τὸ βραχύτατον.
Ti toinyn perittoteron tōn hagiōn rhēseōn probaloito tis pros antithesin tōn proeirēmenōn? alla kai arkeisthai mallon hēgoumai tais tou sōtēros sophais kai alēthinais lexesi, pros has ouk ēdynēthēsan antōpēsai oute pros to brachytaton.
What more, then, could one put forward than the holy sayings to answer them? I think it better to be content with the wise and true words of the Savior, which they could not face even in the slightest.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Savior's words suffice against the Pharisees.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 16.4.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:213–214; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-16-4-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 17, chapter 1
17.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:214
Ταύταις δὲ συνέπεταί τις αἵρεσις Ἡμεροβαπτιστῶν οὕτω καλουμένων, μηδὲν μὲν παραλλάττουσα τῶν ἄλλων, ἀλλʼ ἴσα τῶν Γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων φρονοῦσα, οὐ μὴν ἐξισουμένη τοῖς Σαδδουκαίοις ἐν τῇ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεως ἀρνήσει, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ τῇ
Tautais de synepetai tis hairesis Hēmerobaptistōn houtō kaloumenōn, mēden men parallattousa tōn allōn, allʼ isa tōn Grammateōn kai Pharisaiōn phronousa, ou mēn exisoumenē tois Saddoukaiois en tę̄ tōn nekrōn anastaseōs arnēsei, alla tę̄ apistią tę̄
Following these is a sect of those called Hemerobaptists, differing in nothing from the others, but holding the same views as the Scribes and Pharisees; yet not equal to the Sadducees in denying the resurrection of the dead, but in the unbelief
Notes and citation
Summary: The Hemerobaptists resemble the Scribes and Pharisees.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 17.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:214; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-17-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
17.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:214
ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις. τοῦτο δὲ περιττὸν ἠν αὕτη κεκτημένη ἡ αἵρεσις, ὥστε ἐν ἔαρί τε καὶ μετοπώρῳ χειμῶνί τε καὶ θέρει πάντοτε καθʼ ἡμέραν βαπτίζεσθαι, ὅθεν καὶ Ἡμεροβαπτιστῶν εἴληφε τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν.
en tois allois. touto de peritton ēn hautē kektēmenē hē hairesis, hōste en eari te kai metopōrǭ cheimōni te kai therei pantote kathʼ hēmeran baptizesthai, hothen kai Hēmerobaptistōn eilēphe tēn epōnymian.
in the other matters. This sect had this extra feature, that in spring and autumn, winter and summer, they were always baptized every day; hence it took the name Hemerobaptists.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Hemerobaptists bathe every day.
- The name means “daily baptizers.”
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 17.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:214; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-17-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
17.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:214
ἔφασκε γὰρ αὕτη ἡ αἵρεσις ἄλλως μὴ εἶναι ζῆν ἀνθρώπῳ, εἰ μή τι ἄρα καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν βαπτίζοιτό τις ἐν ὕδατι, ἀπολουόμενός τε καὶ ἁγνιζόμενος ἀπὸ πάσης αἰτίας.
ephaske gar hautē hē hairesis allōs mē einai zēn anthrōpǭ, ei mē ti ara kathʼ hekastēn hēmeran baptizoito tis en hydati, apolouomenos te kai hagnizomenos apo pasēs aitias.
For this sect said that a man cannot otherwise live unless he is baptized in water every day, washing and purifying himself from every fault.
Notes and citation
Summary: They hold that daily washing is necessary for life.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 17.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:214; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-17-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 17, chapter 2
17.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:214
2. Πρὸς ταύτην δὲ καὶ αὐτὴν ἐξ ἑνὸς λόγου ἡμῖν ἀνατροπὴ γενήσεται, ὅτι ἀπιστίας παρʼ αὐτοῖς μᾶλλον ἢ πίστεως οἱ λόγοι. ἐλέγχει γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἡ συνείδησις αὐτῶν καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν βαπτιζομένων, ὡς ὅτι ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς χθὲς ἡμέρας παρʼ αὐτοῖς τέθνηκεν, ἡ πίστις τε καὶ ὁ ἁγνισμός.
2. Pros tautēn de kai autēn ex henos logou hēmin anatropē genēsetai, hoti apistias parʼ autois mallon ē pisteōs hoi logoi. elenchei gar autous hē syneidēsis autōn kathʼ hekastēn hēmeran baptizomenōn, hōs hoti hē elpis tēs chthes hēmeras parʼ autois tethnēken, hē pistis te kai ho hagnismos.
Against this sect too our refutation will come from one argument: that their words are of unbelief rather than faith. For their own conscience convicts them, being baptized every day, that yesterday's hope, faith and purification have died for them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Daily washing shows lack of faith in the previous washing.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 17.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:214; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-17-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
17.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:214–215
εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἑνὶ βαπτίσματι ἐστοίχουν, ἄρα ἐθάρρουν τούτῳ ὡς ζῶντι καὶ ἀθανάτῳ ὄντι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα· ὁπότε δὲ σήμερον μὲν ἐλούσαντο, οὐχ ἕνεκεν πλύσεως σώματος ἢ ῥύπου, ἀλλʼ ἕνεκεν ἁμαρτημάτων, ἄρα κατʼ αὐτοὺς ἐκαθαρίσθη· αὐθις δὲ τῇ ἑξῆς πάλιν λουόμενοι ἀπεφήναντο τὸ παρελθὸν ἐν τῇ χθὲς τεθνάναι βάπτισμα. εἰ μὴ γὰρ τὸ πρὸ μιᾶς ἐτεθνήκει, οὐχ ἂν εἰς τὴν ἑξῆς ἑτέρου ἐπεδέοντο πρὸς καθαρισμὸν ἁμαρτημάτων.
ei men gar heni baptismati estoichoun, ara etharroun toutǭ hōs zōnti kai athanatǭ onti eis ton aiōna; hopote de sēmeron men elousanto, ouch heneken plyseōs sōmatos ē rhypou, allʼ heneken hamartēmatōn, ara katʼ autous ekatharisthē; authis de tę̄ hexēs palin louomenoi apephēnanto to parelthon en tę̄ chthes tethnanai baptisma. ei mē gar to pro mias etethnēkei, ouch an eis tēn hexēs heterou epedeonto pros katharismon hamartēmatōn.
For if they adhered to one baptism, they would trust it as living and immortal for ever. But when today they wash, not for the washing of the body or of dirt but for sins, then by their account they were cleansed; yet washing again the next day they declared that the previous day's baptism had died. For unless the one of the day before had died, they would not need another the next day for the cleansing of sins.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their repeated washing implies each baptism dies.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 17.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:214–215; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-17-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
17.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:215
καὶ εἰ ὅλως οὐκ ἀπέχονται τοῦ ἁμαρτάνειν, νομίζοντες ὅτι τὸ ὕδωρ καθαρίσει τοὺς ἐνδελεχῶς καθʼ ἑκάστην ἁμαρτάνοντας, μάταιος αὐτῶν ἡ ὑπόνοια καὶ τὸ ἐπιτήδευμα φροῦδον καὶ ἕωλον.
kai ei holōs ouk apechontai tou hamartanein, nomizontes hoti to hydōr katharisei tous endelechōs kathʼ hekastēn hamartanontas, mataios autōn hē hyponoia kai to epitēdeuma phroudon kai heōlon.
And if they do not abstain from sinning at all, thinking that water will cleanse those who sin continually every day, their notion is vain and the practice is gone and stale.
Notes and citation
Summary: Water cannot cleanse those who keep sinning.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 17.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:215; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-17-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
17.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:215
οὔτε γὰρ Ὠκεανὸς οὔτε πάντα τὰ ῥεῖθρα καὶ πελάγῃ, ποταμοί τε ἀένναοι καὶ πηγαὶ πᾶσά τε ἡ ὀμβροτόκος φύσις συνελθοῦσαι δύνανται ἁμαρτήματα ἀφανίσαι, ἐπειδήπερ οὐ κατὰ λόγον οὐδὲ ἐκ προστάγματος θεοῦ γίνεται· μετάνοια γὰρ καθαρίζει καὶ τὸ ἓν βάπτισμα διὰ τῆς τῶν μυστηρίων ὀνομασίας.
oute gar Ōkeanos oute panta ta rheithra kai pelagę̄, potamoi te aennaoi kai pēgai pasa te hē ombrotokos physis synelthousai dynantai hamartēmata aphanisai, epeidēper ou kata logon oude ek prostagmatos theou ginetai; metanoia gar katharizei kai to hen baptisma dia tēs tōn mystēriōn onomasias.
For neither Ocean nor all the streams and seas, the ever-flowing rivers and springs, and all rain-bearing nature together can wipe out sins, since this does not happen according to reason nor by God's command; for repentance cleanses, and the one baptism through the naming of the mysteries.
Eph 4:5 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Only repentance and the one baptism cleanse sins.
- “The naming of the mysteries” probably refers to the baptismal invocation of the Trinity.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 17.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:215; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-17-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
17.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:215
παρελεύσομαι δὲ καὶ ταύτην, αὐτάρκως ἡγησάμενος τὸ ἐν ὀλίγῳ τὸ] ἀλέξημα τῆς αὐτῶν φρενοβλαβείας ὑποδείξας, ὡς ἐνταῦθα τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσι συντέτακται.
pareleusomai de kai tautēn, autarkōs hēgēsamenos to en oligǭ to] alexēma tēs autōn phrenoblabeias hypodeixas, hōs entautha tois entynchanousi syntetaktai.
I shall pass this sect by too, thinking it sufficient to have shown briefly the remedy for their derangement, as it has been set out here for readers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius concludes on the Hemerobaptists.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 17.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:215; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-17-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 18, chapter 1
18.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:215
Ἑξῆς δὲ ἐπιβαλοῦμαι διηγεῖσθαι τὰ κατὰ τὴν αἵρεσιν τὴν μετὰ τοὺς Ἡμεροβαπτιστὰς καλουμένην τῶν Νασαραίων, οἵτινες Ἰουδαῖοί εἰσι τὸ γένος, ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλααδίτιδος καὶ Βασανίτιδος καὶ τῶν ἐπέκεινα τοῦ Ἰορδάνου ὁρμώμενοι, ὡς ὁ εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐλθὼν παριέχει λόγος, ἐξ αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ οὖσα, ἥτις τὰ πάντα ἰουδάϊζεν, μηδὲν περαιτέρω φρονοῦσα σχεδὸν τῶν προειρημένων.
Hexēs de epibaloumai diēgeisthai ta kata tēn hairesin tēn meta tous Hēmerobaptistas kaloumenēn tōn Nasaraiōn, hoitines Ioudaioi eisi to genos, apo tēs Galaaditidos kai Basanitidos kai tōn epekeina tou Iordanou hormōmenoi, hōs ho eis hēmas elthōn pariechei logos, ex autou de tou Israēl ousa, hētis ta panta ioudaïzen, mēden peraiterō phronousa schedon tōn proeirēmenōn.
Next I shall undertake to describe the sect after the Hemerobaptists, that of the so-called Nasaraeans. They are Jews by race, originating from Gileaditis, Bashanitis and the regions beyond the Jordan, as the account that has come to us reports; it is of Israel itself, and it practiced Judaism in everything, holding almost nothing beyond what has been said.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Nasaraeans are Jews from beyond the Jordan.
- Epiphanius distinguishes this Jewish sect from the Christian Nazoraeans of heresy 29.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:215; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:215
περιτομὴν γὰρ ὡσαύτως ἐκέκτητο, σάββατον τὸ αὐτὸ ἐφύλαττεν, ἑορταῖς ταῖς αὐταῖς προσανεῖχεν, οὐ μὴν εἱμαρμένην παρεισῆγεν οὔτε ἀστρονομίαν.
peritomēn gar hōsautōs ekektēto, sabbaton to auto ephylatten, heortais tais autais prosaneichen, ou mēn heimarmenēn pareisēgen oute astronomian.
For it likewise kept circumcision, observed the same sabbath and devoted itself to the same festivals; but it did not introduce fate or astrology.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Nasaraeans keep circumcision, sabbath, and festivals.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:215; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:215–216
καὶ πατέρας μὲν ἐδέχετο τοὺς ἐν τῇ πεντατεύχῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ μέχρι Μωυσέως, τοὺς ἐν ἀριστείᾳ θεοσεβείας διαφανεῖς ὑπάρξαντας, φημὶ δὲ Ἀδὰμ καὶ Σὴθ καὶ Ἐνὼχ καὶ Μαθουσάλα καὶ Νῶε καὶ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακώβ, Λευί τε καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ Μωυσέα καὶ Ἰησοῦν τὸν τοῦ Ναυῆ, αὐτὴν δὲ οὐ παρεδέχετο τὴν πεντάτευχον, ἀλλὰ ὡμολόγει μὲν τὸν Μωυσέα καὶ ὅτι ἐδέξατο νομοθεσίαν ἐπίστευεν, οὐ ταύτην δέ, φησίν, ἀλλʼ ἑτέραν·
kai pateras men edecheto tous en tę̄ pentateuchǭ apo tou Adam mechri Mōyseōs, tous en aristeią theosebeias diaphaneis hyparxantas, phēmi de Adam kai Sēth kai Enōch kai Mathousala kai Nōe kai Abraam kai Isaak kai Iakōb, Leui te kai Aarōn kai Mōysea kai Iēsoun ton tou Nauē, autēn de ou paredecheto tēn pentateuchon, alla hōmologei men ton Mōysea kai hoti edexato nomothesian episteuen, ou tautēn de, phēsin, allʼ heteran;
It accepted as fathers those in the Pentateuch from Adam to Moses who were distinguished by excellence in piety, I mean Adam, Seth, Enoch, Methuselah, Noah, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, Levi, Aaron, Moses, and Joshua son of Nun; but it did not accept the Pentateuch itself. It confessed Moses and believed that he received a legislation, but, it says, not this one but another.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Nasaraeans honor the patriarchs but reject the Pentateuch as we have it.
Topics: Heresy, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:215–216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:216
ὅθεν τὰ μὲν πάντα φυλάττουσι τῶν Ἰουδαίων Ἰουδαῖοι ὄντες, θυσίαν δὲ οὐκ ἔθυον οὐδὲ ἐμφύχων μετεῖχον, ἀλλὰ αθέμιτον ἦν παρʼ αὐτοῖς τὸ κρεῶν μεταλαμβάνειν ἤ θυσιάζειν αὐτοῖς. ἔφασκον γὰρ πεπλάσθαι ταῦτα τὰ βιβλία καὶ μηδὲν τούτων ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων γεγενῆσθαι.
hothen ta men panta phylattousi tōn Ioudaiōn Ioudaioi ontes, thysian de ouk ethyon oude emphychōn meteichon, alla athemiton ēn parʼ autois to kreōn metalambanein ē thysiazein autois. ephaskon gar peplasthai tauta ta biblia kai mēden toutōn hypo tōn paterōn gegenēsthai.
So, being Jews, they keep all the Jewish observances, but they did not offer sacrifice nor eat anything that had life; it was unlawful among them to eat meat or to sacrifice. For they said these books had been fabricated, and that none of these things had been done by the fathers.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Nasaraeans reject sacrifice and meat, calling the books forged.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:216
αὕτη ἦν ἡ τῶν Νασαραίων διαφορὰ πρὸς τὰς ἄλλας, ὡς καὶ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁ ἔλεγχος οὐκ ἐν ἑνὶ τόπῳ, ἀλλὰ ἐν πολλοῖς ἐστι φανερός.
hautē ēn hē tōn Nasaraiōn diaphora pros tas allas, hōs kai pros autous ho elenchos ouk en heni topǭ, alla en pollois esti phaneros.
This was the difference between the Nasaraeans and the other sects; and the refutation against them is plain not in one place but in many.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Nasaraeans' distinctive position is easily refuted.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 18, chapter 2
18.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:216
2. Πρῶτον μὲν <ἐν> τῷ ὁμολογεῖν αὐτοὺς τοὺς πατέρας καὶ πατριάρχας καὶ Μωυσέα· ἄλλης τῶν πατέρων ὀνομασίας καὶ ἀριστείας, εἰ μὴ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν γραφῶν τῆς πεντατεύχου;
2. Prōton men <en> tǭ homologein autous tous pateras kai patriarchas kai Mōysea; allēs tōn paterōn onomasias kai aristeias, ei mē ex autōn tōn graphōn tēs pentateuchou?
First, in that they confess the fathers, the patriarchs and Moses: [where else do they learn] the names and excellence of the fathers, if not from the very scriptures of the Pentateuch?
Notes and citation
Summary: They know the patriarchs only from the Pentateuch they reject.
- The question is elliptical in the Greek.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:216
καὶ πῶς οἷόν τε ἐν ταὐτῷ εἶναι ἀληθὲς καὶ ψεῦδος καὶ ἐν μέρει τὴν γραφὴν ἀληθεύειν, ἐν μέρει δὲ ψεύδεσθαι,
kai pōs hoion te en tautǭ einai alēthes kai pseudos kai en merei tēn graphēn alētheuein, en merei de pseudesthai,
And how can truth and falsehood be in the same place, and Scripture be true in part and false in part,
Notes and citation
Summary: Scripture cannot be partly true and partly false.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:216
τοῦ σωτῆρος λέγοντος »ἤ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καὶ τοὺς καρποὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἤ τὸ δένδρον σαπρὸν καὶ τοὺς καρποὺς σαπρούς«· »οὐ δύναται γὰρ δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς σαπροὺς ποιῆσαι, οὐδὲ δένδρον σαπρὸν καρποὺς ἀγαθοὺς ποιῆσαι«.
tou sōtēros legontos »ē poiēsate to dendron agathon kai tous karpous agathous ē to dendron sapron kai tous karpous saprous«; »ou dynatai gar dendron agathon karpous saprous poiēsai, oude dendron sapron karpous agathous poiēsai«.
when the Savior says, “Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or the tree rotten and its fruit rotten”; “for a good tree cannot bear rotten fruit, nor a rotten tree good fruit”?
Matt 12:33 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 7:18 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus' saying about the good and rotten tree.
- Matt 12:33; 7:18.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:216
μάταιος τοίνυν αὐτῶν ἡ διάνοια καὶ ἡ εἰσήγησις, ἐκ πολλῶν ἔχουσα τὴν ἀνατροπήν, ὡς ἄχρι τῆς δεῦρο οὐ μόνον τὰ ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς ᾄδεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ τόποι τῆς δεῦρο πρῶτον ὅπου τὸ πρόβατον Ἀβραὰμ προσέφερε τῷ θεῷ,
mataios toinyn autōn hē dianoia kai hē eisēgēsis, ek pollōn echousa tēn anatropēn, hōs achri tēs deuro ou monon ta en tais graphais ądetai, alla kai hoi topoi tēs deuro prōton hopou to probaton Abraam prosephere tǭ theǭ,
So their thinking and doctrine are vain, overturned from many sides, since to this day not only are the things in the Scriptures sung, but the places too [are shown]: first, where Abraham offered the ram to God,
Gen 22:13 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The holy places still show the Pentateuch is true.
- The digital text repeats a phrase (“to this day not only are the things in the”); translated once.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated phrase): τῆς δεῦρο οὐ μόνον τὰ ἐν ταῖς πρῶτον → τῆς δεῦρο πρῶτον.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:216
ὄρος Σιὼν ἄχρι τῆς δεῦρο οὕτω καλούμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅπου ἡ δρῦς τῆς Μαμβρῆ, ἔνθα τοῖς ἀγγέλοις παρετέθη ὁ μόσχος. εἰ δὲ Ἀβραὰμ ἀγγέλοις παρέθετο κρεῶν τὴν ἑποιμασίαν, ἀποδέων οὐκ ἦν αὐτὸς τῆς τούτων μετοχῆς.
oros Siōn achri tēs deuro houtō kaloumenon, alla kai hopou hē drys tēs Mambrē, entha tois angelois paretethē ho moschos. ei de Abraam angelois paretheto kreōn tēn hepoimasian, apodeōn ouk ēn autos tēs toutōn metochēs.
the mountain still called Zion to this day; and also where the oak of Mamre is, where the calf was set before the angels. And if Abraham set a preparation of meat before angels, he was not above partaking of it himself.
Gen 18:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 18:7 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Abraham served meat to the angels at Mamre.
- Epiphanius identifies the place of the sacrifice of Isaac with Zion.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 18, chapter 3
18.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:216
3. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ προβάτου <τοῦ> τυθέντος ἐν τῇ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων χώρᾳ ἔτι παρʼ Αἰγυπτίοις τυγχάνει ᾀδομένη ἡ παράδοσις καὶ παρὰ τοῖς εἰδωλολάτραις.
3. Alla kai tou probatou <tou> tythentos en tę̄ tōn Aigyptiōn chōrą eti parʼ Aigyptiois tynchanei ądomenē hē paradosis kai para tois eidōlolatrais.
And the tradition of the sheep slaughtered in the land of the Egyptians is still sung among the Egyptians, even among the idolaters.
Exod 12:6 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Egyptians preserve a memory of the Passover lamb.
- The digital text is garbled (“παρἀγαθὸν καρʼ”); translated as παρʼ Αἰγυπτίοις.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (garbled intrusion from another line): ἔτι παρἀγαθὸν καρʼ Αἰγυπτίοις → ἔτι παρʼ Αἰγυπτίοις.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:216; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:216–217
ἐν γὰρ τῷ καιρῷ, ὅτε τὸ πάσχα ἐγίνετο ἐκεῖσε (ἀρχὴ δὲ αὕτη γίνεται τοῦ ἔαρος ὅτε ἡ πρώτη ἰσημερία) ἐκ μίλτεως λαμβάνουσι πάντες οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι κατὰ ἀγνωσίαν καὶ χρίουσι μὲν τὰ πρόβατα, χρίουσι δὲ καὶ τὰ δένδρα, τὰς συκᾶς καὶ τὰ ἄλλα, φημίζοντες καὶ λέγοντες ὅτι, φησί, τὸ πῦρ ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κατέφλεξέ ποτε τὴν οἰκουμένην· τὸ δὲ σχῆμα τοῦ αἵματος τὸ πυρωπὸν ἀλεξητήριόν ἐστι τῆς τοσαύτης πληγῆς καὶ τοιαύτης.
en gar tǭ kairǭ, hote to pascha egineto ekeise (archē de hautē ginetai tou earos hote hē prōtē isēmeria) ek milteōs lambanousi pantes hoi Aigyptioi kata agnōsian kai chriousi men ta probata, chriousi de kai ta dendra, tas sykas kai ta alla, phēmizontes kai legontes hoti, phēsi, to pyr en tautę̄ tę̄ hēmerą katephlexe pote tēn oikoumenēn; to de schēma tou haimatos to pyrōpon alexētērion esti tēs tosautēs plēgēs kai toiautēs.
For at the season when the Passover took place there (this is the beginning of spring, at the first equinox), all the Egyptians, in ignorance, take red ochre and smear the sheep, and smear the trees too, the fig trees and the rest, declaring and saying that on this day fire once burned up the world, and that the fiery color of blood is a protection against so great and such a plague.
Exod 12:7 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Egyptians smear red ochre on sheep and trees at Passover time.
- Epiphanius's report of an Egyptian custom.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:216–217; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:217
πόθει· δὲ οὐκ ἔχομεν δεῖξαι περὶ τῆς ἀκολουθίας, ὡς ἔτι καὶ δεῦρο τὰ λείψανα τῆς τοῦ Νῶε λάρνακος δείκνυται ἐν τῇ τῶν Καρδυαίων χώρᾳ.
pothei; de ouk echomen deixai peri tēs akolouthias, hōs eti kai deuro ta leipsana tēs tou Nōe larnakos deiknytai en tę̄ tōn Kardyaiōn chōrą.
And how can we not show [the truth] of the sequence, when to this day the remains of Noah's ark are shown in the land of the Kardyaeans?
Gen 8:4 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Remains of Noah's ark are still shown.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:217; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:217
καὶ πάντως δὲ εἰ ἐπιζητήσειέ τις καὶ ἀνερευνήσειε, καὶ τὰ λείψανα τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου (ἐπείπερ ἀκόλουθόν ἐστιν) εὕροι ἂν ἐν τῇ ὑπωρείᾳ τοῦ ὄρους, ὅπου ἔμεινε Νῶε ἐξελθὼν ἀπὸ τῆς κιβωτοῦ καὶ προσενέγκας ἀπὸ τῶν ζῴων τῶν καθαρῶν καὶ τῶν στεάτων κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ [ὅτε] ἤκουσεν »ἰδοὺ δέδωκά σοι τὰ πάντα ὡς λάχανα ἀγροῦ, θῦσον καὶ φάγε«.
kai pantōs de ei epizētēseie tis kai anereunēseie, kai ta leipsana tou thysiastēriou (epeiper akolouthon estin) heuroi an en tę̄ hypōreią tou orous, hopou emeine Nōe exelthōn apo tēs kibōtou kai prosenenkas apo tōn zǭōn tōn katharōn kai tōn steatōn kyriǭ tǭ theǭ [hote] ēkousen »idou dedōka soi ta panta hōs lachana agrou, thyson kai phage«.
And certainly, if anyone searched and investigated, he would find the remains of the altar too (since it follows) at the foot of the mountain where Noah stayed after leaving the ark and offered to the Lord God of the clean animals and their fat, when he heard, “Behold, I have given you all things like the green plants of the field; slaughter and eat.”
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Gen 8:20 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 9:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Noah's altar and God's permission to eat meat refute the Nasaraeans.
- Gen 8:20; 9:3, freely quoted. The editor deletes [ὅτε] (“when”); it is kept in English for sense.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:217; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
18.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:217
παρελεύσομαι δὲ καὶ ταύτης πάλιν τὸ ἐπείσακτον καὶ ἠλίθιον τῆς αἱρέσεως, ἀρκεσθεὶς ταῖς προειρημέναις ὀλίγαις λέξεσιν, ἐνσπαρείσαις ὑπὸ τῆς ἡμῶν βραχύτητος ἐνταῦθα πρὸς ἀντίθεσιν τῆς πλάνης τῆς προειρημένης αἱρέσεως.
pareleusomai de kai tautēs palin to epeisakton kai ēlithion tēs haireseōs, arkestheis tais proeirēmenais oligais lexesin, enspareisais hypo tēs hēmōn brachytētos entautha pros antithesin tēs planēs tēs proeirēmenēs haireseōs.
I shall pass over this sect's fabricated folly too, content with the few words already said, sown here with our brevity to counter the error of the sect described.
Notes and citation
Summary: End of the section on the Nasaraeans.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 18.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:217; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-18-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 19, chapter 1
19.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:217
Μετὰ ταύτην πάλιν ἄλλη τις αἵρεσις ταύταις παραπεπλεγμένη, ἡ τῶν Ὀσσαίων καλουμένη. Ἰουδαῖοι δὲ οὑτοι ὡς καὶ αἱ προειρημέναι, ὑποκριταὶ τὸν τρόπον δεινοὶ τὴν ἐπίνοιαν.
Meta tautēn palin allē tis hairesis tautais parapeplegmenē, hē tōn Ossaiōn kaloumenē. Ioudaioi de houtoi hōs kai hai proeirēmenai, hypokritai ton tropon deinoi tēn epinoian.
After this again is another sect intertwined with these, the one called the Ossaeans. These are Jews, like those already mentioned, hypocrites in character and clever in invention.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Ossaeans are introduced.
- The Ossaeans correspond to the Essenes of other writers.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): προειρη- μέναι → προειρημέναι.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:217; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:217
ὡρμῶντο δὲ οὑτοι, ὡς ἡ εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐλθοῦσα περιέχει παράδοσις, ἀπὸ τῆς Ναβατικῆς χώρας καὶ Ἰτουραίας, Μωαβίτιδός τε καὶ Ἀριηλίτιδος, τῶν ἐπέκεινα τῆς κοιλάδος τῆς ἁλυκῆς οὕτως ἐν τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ κληθείσης ὑπερκειμένων χωρῶν· ἔστι δὲ αὕτη ἡ νεκρὰ καλουμένη θάλασσα.
hōrmōnto de houtoi, hōs hē eis hēmas elthousa periechei paradosis, apo tēs Nabatikēs chōras kai Itouraias, Mōabitidos te kai Ariēlitidos, tōn epekeina tēs koilados tēs halykēs houtōs en tę̄ theią graphę̄ klētheisēs hyperkeimenōn chōrōn; esti de hautē hē nekra kaloumenē thalassa.
They came, as the tradition that has reached us holds, from Nabataea and Ituraea, Moabitis and Arielitis, the lands lying beyond the valley that divine Scripture calls the Salt [Valley]; this is the so-called Dead Sea.
Gen 14:3 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Ossaeans came from lands beyond the Dead Sea.
- The “salt valley”: Gen 14:3 LXX.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:217; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:217–218
τοῦτο δὲ τὸ γένος τῶν Ὀσσαίων ἑρμηνεύεται διὰ τῆς ἐκδόσεως τοῦ ὀνόματος στιβαρὸν γένος.
touto de to genos tōn Ossaiōn hermēneuetai dia tēs ekdoseōs tou onomatos stibaron genos.
This race of Ossaeans is interpreted, from the meaning of the name, “sturdy race.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Ossaeans means “sturdy race.”
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:217–218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:218
συνήφθη δὲ τούτοις μετέπειτα ὁ καλούμενος Ἠλξαΐ ἐν χρόνοις βασιλέως Τραιανοῦ μετὰ τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος παρουσίαν, ὃς ἐγένετο ψευδοπροφήτης· συνεγράψατο δὲ οὗτος βιβλίον δῆθεν κατὰ προφητείαν ἢ ὡς κατὰ ἔνθεον σοφίαν· φασὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλον τινὰ Ἰεξαῖον εἶναι ἀδελφὸν τούτου.
synēphthē de toutois metepeita ho kaloumenos Ēlxaï en chronois basileōs Traianou meta tēn tou sōtēros parousian, hos egeneto pseudoprophētēs; synegrapsato de houtos biblion dēthen kata prophēteian ē hōs kata entheon sophian; phasi de kai allon tina Iexaion einai adelphon toutou.
Later the man called Elxai joined them, in the times of the emperor Trajan, after the Savior's coming; he became a false prophet. He wrote a book supposedly by prophecy or as by inspired wisdom. They say there was also another, Iexaeus, his brother.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai, a false prophet under Trajan, joined the Ossaeans and wrote a book.
- The Book of Elchasai, known only from quotations; it has no entry in the site's list of extrabiblical texts.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:218
γέγονε δὲ οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος πεπλανημένος τὸν τρόπον ἀπατηλὸς τὴν γνώμην, ἀπὸ Ἰουδαίων ὁρμώμενος καὶ τὰ Ἰουδαίων φρονῶν, κατὰ νόμον δὲ μὴ πολιτευόμενος, ἕτερα ἀνθʼ ἑτέρων παρεισφέρων καὶ [τὴν] ἰδίαν αὑτῷ πλάσας,
gegone de houtos ho anthrōpos peplanēmenos ton tropon apatēlos tēn gnōmēn, apo Ioudaiōn hormōmenos kai ta Ioudaiōn phronōn, kata nomon de mē politeuomenos, hetera anthʼ heterōn pareispherōn kai [tēn] idian hautǭ plasas,
This man was deluded in character and deceitful in mind; coming from the Jews and thinking as the Jews do, but not living according to the law, he brought in one thing in place of another, and fashioned his own sect for himself,
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai, a Jew who did not keep the law, founded his own sect.
- The editor deletes [τήν]; “sect” is supplied from the sense.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:218
ἅλας καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἄρτον καὶ οὐρανὸν καὶ αἰθέρα καὶ ἄνεμον ὅρκον αὐτοῖς εἰς λατρείαν ὁρισάμενος· ποτὲ δὲ πάλιν ἄλλους μάρτυρας ἑπτὰ ὁρισάμενος, τὸν οὐρανόν φημι καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ πνεύματα, <ὥς> φησιν, ἅγια καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους τῆς προσευχῆς τὸ ἔλαιον καὶ τὸ ἅλας καὶ τὴν γῆν.
halas kai hydōr kai gēn kai arton kai ouranon kai aithera kai anemon horkon autois eis latreian horisamenos; pote de palin allous martyras hepta horisamenos, ton ouranon phēmi kai to hydōr kai pneumata, <hōs> phēsin, hagia kai tous angelous tēs proseuchēs to elaion kai to halas kai tēn gēn.
appointing salt, water, earth, bread, heaven, ether and wind as an oath for them in worship; and at another time appointing seven other witnesses, I mean heaven, water, holy spirits, as he says, the angels of prayer, oil, salt and earth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai prescribed oaths by salt, water, earth, and other elements.
- The seven witnesses of the Book of Elchasai.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): γῆν κοὶ ἄρτον → γῆν καὶ ἄρτον.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:218
ἀπεχθάνεται δὲ τῇ παρθενίᾳ, μισεῖ δὲ τὴν ἐγκράτειαν, ἀναγκάξει δὲ γαμεῖν· φαντασιώδη δέ τινα ὡς δῆθεν <ἐξ> ἀποκαλύψεως παρεισφέρει, ὑπόκρισιν δὲ διδάσκει,
apechthanetai de tę̄ parthenią, misei de tēn enkrateian, anankaxei de gamein; phantasiōdē de tina hōs dēthen <ex> apokalypseōs pareispherei, hypokrisin de didaskei,
He is hostile to virginity, hates continence and compels marriage. He brings in certain fantasies as though from revelation, and teaches hypocrisy,
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai opposed virginity and required marriage.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.1.8Holl GCS 25/31:218
φήσας μὴ εἶναι ἁμαρτίαν, εἰ καί <τις> παρατύχοι εἴδωλα καιρῷ ἐνστάντος διωγμοῦ, ἐὰν μόνον ἐν τῇ συνειδήσει μὴ προσκυνήσῃ.
phēsas mē einai hamartian, ei kai <tis> paratychoi eidōla kairǭ enstantos diōgmou, ean monon en tę̄ syneidēsei mē proskynēsę̄.
saying that it is no sin if anyone happens to [worship] idols when a persecution arises, provided only that he does not worship them in his conscience,
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai permitted outward idolatry in persecution.
Topics: Heresy, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:218; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.1.9Holl GCS 25/31:218–219
καὶ ὅ τι δἂν ὁμολογήσῃ στόματι, ἐν δὲ τῇ καρδίᾳ μή. 2. μάρτυρα δέ τινα παρεισφέρων οὐκ αἰσχύνεται ὁ ἀπατεών, λέγων Φινεές τινα ἱερέα τῶν ἀπὸ γένους Λευί τε καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ τοῦ ἀρχαίου Φινεὲς ἐν τῇ Βαβυλῶνι ἐπὶ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας προσκυνήσαντα τὴν Ἄρτεμιν ἐν Σούσοις διαπεφευγέναι ὄλεθρον θανάτου ἐπὶ Δαρείου τοῦ βασιλέως· ὥστε εἶναι αὐτοῦ τὰ πάντα ψευδῆ καὶ μάταια.
kai ho ti dan homologēsę̄ stomati, en de tę̄ kardią mē. 2. martyra de tina pareispherōn ouk aischynetai ho apateōn, legōn Phinees tina hierea tōn apo genous Leui te kai Aarōn kai tou archaiou Phinees en tę̄ Babylōni epi tēs aichmalōsias proskynēsanta tēn Artemin en Sousois diapepheugenai olethron thanatou epi Dareiou tou basileōs; hōste einai autou ta panta pseudē kai mataia.
and whatever he confesses with his mouth, but not in his heart. And the deceiver is not ashamed to bring in a certain witness, saying that one Phinehas, a priest of the race of Levi, Aaron and the ancient Phinehas, worshipped Artemis at Susa during the captivity in Babylon and so escaped destruction by death under King Darius; so that everything of his is false and vain.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai cited a priest Phinehas who worshipped Artemis to escape death.
- The number “2.” in the digital text is a chapter marker placed early; the chapter proper begins at 19.2.1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): Ἀαρὼνφ → Ἀαρὼν.
Topics: Heresy, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.1.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:218–219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 19, chapter 2
19.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:219
2. Οὑτος μὲν οὐν <ὡς> ἄνω <εἴηται> συνῆπται τῇ αἱρέσει τῇ τῶν Ὀσσαίων καλουμένῃ, ἡς ἔτι λείψανα καὶ δεῦρο ὑπάρχει ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ Ναβατίτιδι γῇ τῇ καὶ Περαίᾳ πρὸς τῇ Μωαβίτιδι· ὅπερ γένος νυνὶ Σαμψαίων καλεῖται. φαντάζονται δὲ δῆθεν καλεῖν τοῦτον δύναμιν ἀποκεκαλυμμένην, διὰ τὸ ἢλ καλεῖσθαι δύναμιν, ξαΐ δὲ κεκαλυμμένον.
2. Houtos men oun <hōs> anō <eiētai> synēptai tę̄ hairesei tę̄ tōn Ossaiōn kaloumenę̄, hēs eti leipsana kai deuro hyparchei en tę̄ autę̄ Nabatitidi gę̄ tę̄ kai Peraią pros tę̄ Mōabitidi; hoper genos nyni Sampsaiōn kaleitai. phantazontai de dēthen kalein touton dynamin apokekalymmenēn, dia to ēl kaleisthai dynamin, xaï de kekalymmenon.
This man, then, as was said above, joined the sect called the Ossaeans, of which remnants still exist to this day in the same land of Nabataea, also called Peraea, toward Moabitis; this race is now called Sampsaeans. They imagine that his name means “hidden power,” because “el” means power and “xai” hidden.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai's followers survive as the Sampsaeans; his name means “hidden power.”
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (leaked page marker and stray mark inside a word): καλεῖν | τοῦτον δύναμιν ἀποκ· εκαλυμμένην → καλεῖν τοῦτον δύναμιν ἀποκεκαλυμμένην.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:219
ἠλέγχθη δὲ τὸ πᾶν τοῦ ἐπιτηδεύματος φρύαγμα καὶ εἰς μεγάλην αἰσχύνην ὑπέπεσε παρὰ τοῖς δυναμένοις τὰ ἀληθῆ κατανοεῖν τε καὶ ἀκριβοῦν *. ἔτι γὰρ καὶ δεῦρο ἐπὶ τῶν ἡμερῶν Κωνσταντίου τε καὶ τῶν νῦν βασιλέων *.
ēlenchthē de to pan tou epitēdeumatos phryagma kai eis megalēn aischynēn hypepese para tois dynamenois ta alēthē katanoein te kai akriboun *. eti gar kai deuro epi tōn hēmerōn Kōnstantiou te kai tōn nyn basileōn *.
The whole arrogance of his practice has been exposed and has fallen into great disgrace among those able to perceive and examine the truth …. For even to this day, in the days of Constantius and the present emperors, ….
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai's practice has been exposed, yet persists to the present.
- The asterisks mark gaps.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:219
ἕως μὲν γὰρ Κωνσταντίου ἐκ τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἠλξαΐ Μαρθοῦς τις καὶ Μαρθάνα δύο ἀδελφαὶ ἐν τῇ αὐτῶν χώρᾳ ἀντὶ θεῶν προσεκυνοῦντο, ὅτι δῆθεν ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος τοῦ προειρημένου Ἡλξαΐ ὑπῆρχον. τέθνηκεν δὲ ἡ Μαρθοῦς πρὸ ὀλίγου τοῦ χρόνου, Μαρθάνα δὲ εἰς ἔτι δεῦρο ὑπῆρχεν.
heōs men gar Kōnstantiou ek tou genous autou tou Ēlxaï Marthous tis kai Marthana dyo adelphai en tę̄ autōn chōrą anti theōn prosekynounto, hoti dēthen ek tou spermatos tou proeirēmenou Hēlxaï hypērchon. tethnēken de hē Marthous pro oligou tou chronou, Marthana de eis eti deuro hypērchen.
For up to Constantius, two sisters of the race of Elxai himself, one Marthus and Marthana, were worshipped as goddesses in their own land, supposedly because they were of the seed of the Elxai already mentioned. Marthus died a short time ago, but Marthana was still living up to now.
Notes and citation
Summary: Two sisters descended from Elxai were venerated as goddesses.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:219
ὡν καὶ τὰ πτύσματα καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τοῦ σώματος ῥύπη ἀπεφέροντο οἱ πεπλανημένοι αἱρετικοὶ έν ἐκείνῃ τῇ χώρᾳ, δῆθεν πρὸς ἀλέξησιν νοσημάτων. οὐ μὴν ἐνήργουν· ἀλλὰ τὸ πεπλανημένον σοβαρὸν ἀεὶ καὶ πρὸς ἀπάτην ἕτοιμον· τυφλὸν γὰρ ἡ κακία καὶ ἀσύνετον ἡ πλάνη.
hōn kai ta ptysmata kai ta alla tou sōmatos rhypē apepheronto hoi peplanēmenoi hairetikoi en ekeinę̄ tę̄ chōrą, dēthen pros alexēsin nosēmatōn. ou mēn enērgoun; alla to peplanēmenon sobaron aei kai pros apatēn hetoimon; typhlon gar hē kakia kai asyneton hē planē.
The deluded heretics in that land carried off their spittle and the other dirt of their bodies, supposedly as a protection against diseases. They did not work; but error is always pompous and ready for deceit; for wickedness is blind and error senseless.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their followers used the sisters' spittle as a remedy.
- A hostile report.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 19, chapter 3
19.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:219
3. Καὶ ἕως ποῦ κατατρίβομαι τὰ περὶ τοῦ γόητος τούτου φθεγγόμενος ὅσα τε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας κατεψεύσατο,
3. Kai heōs pou katatribomai ta peri tou goētos toutou phthengomenos hosa te kata tēs alētheias katepseusato,
And how long shall I wear myself out speaking about this sorcerer and all the lies he told against the truth,
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius turns to Elxai's teachings.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:219; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:219–220
πρῶτον μὲν διδάσκων ἀπαρνησιθεΐαν καὶ ὑπόκρισιν, βδελυρῶν θυσιῶν τῆς εἰδωλολατρείας μετέχειν ἀπατᾶν τε τοὺς ἀκούοντας καὶ ἀρνεῖσθαι τὴν ἰδίαν πίστιν στόματι καὶ μὴ ἔχειν ἁμαρτίαν φάσκων· ὡς εἶναι ἀθεράπευτον τὸ αὐτῶν λάθος καὶ μὴ δυνάμενον διορθωθῆναι.
prōton men didaskōn aparnēsitheïan kai hypokrisin, bdelyrōn thysiōn tēs eidōlolatreias metechein apatan te tous akouontas kai arneisthai tēn idian pistin stomati kai mē echein hamartian phaskōn; hōs einai atherapeuton to autōn lathos kai mē dynamenon diorthōthēnai.
first teaching denial of God and hypocrisy, saying that to partake of the abominable sacrifices of idolatry, to deceive one's hearers, and to deny one's own faith with the mouth is no sin; so that their error is incurable and cannot be corrected.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai taught that denying the faith outwardly is no sin.
Topics: Heresy, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:219–220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:220
εἰ γὰρ τὸ στόμα τὸ ὁμολογοῦν τὴν ἀλήθειαν προετοιμάζεται εἰς ψεῦδος, ἀρά γέ τις αὐτοῖς ἂν πιστεύσειε τὴν καρδίαν μὴ ἔχειν ἠπατημένην; ὁπότε διαρρήδην ἐκφωνεῖ ὁ θεῖος λόγος διδάσκων ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ ὅτι »καρδίᾳ πιστεύεται εἰς δικαιοσύνην, στόματι δὲ ὁμολογεῖται εἰς σωτηρίαν«.
ei gar to stoma to homologoun tēn alētheian proetoimazetai eis pseudos, ara ge tis autois an pisteuseie tēn kardian mē echein ēpatēmenēn? hopote diarrēdēn ekphōnei ho theios logos didaskōn en pneumati hagiǭ hoti »kardią pisteuetai eis dikaiosynēn, stomati de homologeitai eis sōtērian«.
For if the mouth that confesses the truth is made ready for falsehood, would anyone believe that they do not have a deceived heart? For the divine Word, teaching in the Holy Spirit, declares plainly, “With the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth one confesses unto salvation.”
Rom 10:10 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul teaches confession with the mouth as well as belief in the heart.
- Rom 10:10.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:220
ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλιν δῆθεν μὲν Χριστὸν ὀνόματι ὁμολογεῖ, λέγων ὅτι Χριστὸς ὁ μέγας βασιλεύς· οὐ μὴν πάνυ γε κατείληφα ἐκ τῆς αὐτοῦ δολερᾶς καὶ παραπεποιημένης συντάξεως τῆς βίβλου τῆς αὐτοῦ ληρῳδίας εἰ περὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ὑφηγήσατο· οὔτε γὰρ τοῦτο ὁρίζει, Χριστὸν δὲ ἁπλῶς λέγει, ὡς ἐξ ὧν κατειλήφαμεν τινὰ ἕτερον σημαίνων ἢ προσδοκῶν.
alla kai palin dēthen men Christon onomati homologei, legōn hoti Christos ho megas basileus; ou mēn pany ge kateilēpha ek tēs autou doleras kai parapepoiēmenēs syntaxeōs tēs biblou tēs autou lērǭdias ei peri tou kyriou hēmōn Iēsou Christou hyphēgēsato; oute gar touto horizei, Christon de haplōs legei, hōs ex hōn kateilēphamen tina heteron sēmainōn ē prosdokōn.
And again he supposedly confesses Christ by name, saying “Christ is the great king.” But I have not fully grasped from the deceitful and distorted composition of his book of nonsense whether he spoke of our Lord Jesus Christ; for he does not define this, but says simply “Christ,” so that, from what we have understood, he signifies or expects someone else.
Notes and citation
Summary: It is unclear whether Elxai's “Christ” means Jesus.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:220
κωλύει γὰρ εἰς ἀνατολὰς εὔξασθαι, φάσκων μὴ δεῖν προσέχειν οὕτως, ἐπὶ τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα δὲ ἔχειν τὸ πρόσωπον ἐκ πάντων τῶν μερῶν, τοὺς μὲν ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν εἰς δύσιν προσέχειν τῇ Ἱερουσαλήμ, τοὺς δὲ ἀπὸ δύσεως εἰς ἀνατολὴν τῇ αὐτῇ, τοὺς δὲ ἀπὸ ἄρκτοῦ εἰς μεσημβρίαν καὶ ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας εἰς ἄρκτον, ὡς πανταχόθεν τὸ πρόσωπον ἄντικρυς εἶναι τῆς Ἱερουσαλήμ.
kōlyei gar eis anatolas euxasthai, phaskōn mē dein prosechein houtōs, epi ta Hierosolyma de echein to prosōpon ek pantōn tōn merōn, tous men apo anatolōn eis dysin prosechein tę̄ Hierousalēm, tous de apo dyseōs eis anatolēn tę̄ autę̄, tous de apo arktou eis mesēmbrian kai apo mesēmbrias eis arkton, hōs pantachothen to prosōpon antikrys einai tēs Hierousalēm.
For he forbids praying toward the east, saying one must not face that way, but must face Jerusalem from every direction: those in the east facing west toward Jerusalem, those in the west facing east toward it, those in the north facing south and those in the south north, so that from everywhere the face is directly toward Jerusalem.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai required prayer facing Jerusalem, not the east.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.3.6Holl GCS 25/31:220
καὶ ὅρα τὴν τοῦ ἀπατεῶνος φρενοβλάβειαν. ἀναθεματίξει μὲν γὰρ θυσίας καὶ ἱερουργίας ὡς ἀλλοτρίας οὔσας θεοῦ καὶ μήτε ὅλως θεῷ ἐκ τῶν πατέρων καὶ τοῦ νόμου ποτὲ προσενεχθείσας καὶ λέγει ἐκεῖ δεῖν εὔχεσθαι εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ, ὅπου ἡν τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ αἱ θυσίαι, <ὁ> ἀρνούμενος τὴν παρὰ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις σαρκοφαγίαν καὶ τὰ καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τό τε πῦρ ὡς θεοῦ ἀλλότριον,
kai hora tēn tou apateōnos phrenoblabeian. anathematixei men gar thysias kai hierourgias hōs allotrias ousas theou kai mēte holōs theǭ ek tōn paterōn kai tou nomou pote prosenechtheisas kai legei ekei dein euchesthai eis Hierousalēm, hopou hēn to thysiastērion kai hai thysiai, <ho> arnoumenos tēn para tois Ioudaiois sarkophagian kai ta kai to thysiastērion to te pyr hōs theou allotrion,
And see the deceiver's derangement. He anathematizes sacrifices and sacred rites as alien to God and never offered to God by the fathers and the law; and he says one must pray there toward Jerusalem, where the altar and sacrifices were, he who denies the eating of meat among the Jews, and the altar and the fire as alien to God,
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai rejects sacrifices yet prays toward Jerusalem.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): προσενεχθείσας κοὶ λέγει → προσενεχθείσας καὶ λέγει.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.3.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:220; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.3.7Holl GCS 25/31:220–221
τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ εἶναι δεξιὸν πῦρ δὲ ἀλλότριον εἶναι φάσκων διὰ τούτων τῶν λέξεων· ἐστι τὸ τοιοῦτον. ὁρᾷς γάρ, φησίν, αὐτὸ ἐγγυτάτω καὶ ἔστιν ἀπὸ πόρρωθεν· μὴ πορεύεσθε πρὸς τὸ εἶδος αὐτοῦ, πορεύεσθε δὲ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ ὓδατος.« καὶ πολλά ἐστι τὰ αὐτοῦ μυθολογήματα.
to de hydōr einai dexion pyr de allotrion einai phaskōn dia toutōn tōn lexeōn; esti to toiouton. horąs gar, phēsin, auto engytatō kai estin apo porrōthen; mē poreuesthe pros to eidos autou, poreuesthe de mallon epi tēn phōnēn tou hydatos.« kai polla esti ta autou mythologēmata.
saying that water is favorable and fire alien, in these words: “… such a thing is [error]. For you see it,” he says, “very near, and it is from far off; do not go toward its appearance, but rather go toward the voice of the water.” And his fables are many.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai calls water favorable and fire alien.
- A quotation from the Book of Elchasai. Words are missing before ἐστι τὸ τοιοῦτον in the digital text; “error” is supplied from the sense.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.3.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:220–221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 19, chapter 4
19.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:221
4. Εἶτα δὲ διαγράφει Χριστὸν τινὰ εἶναι δύναμιν, οὑ καὶ τὰ μέτρα σημαίνει, εἰκοσιτεσσάρων μὲν σχοίνων τὸ μῆκος ὡς μιλίων ἐνενηκονταὲξ τὸ δὲ πλάτος σχοίνων ἓξ μιλίων εἰκοσιτεσσάρων, καὶ τὸ πάχος ὁμοίως τερατευόμενος καὶ τοὺς πόδας καὶ τὰ ἄλλα μυθολογήματα.
4. Eita de diagraphei Christon tina einai dynamin, hou kai ta metra sēmainei, eikositessarōn men schoinōn to mēkos hōs miliōn enenēkontaex to de platos schoinōn hex miliōn eikositessarōn, kai to pachos homoiōs terateuomenos kai tous podas kai ta alla mythologēmata.
Then he describes Christ as a power, and gives its measurements too: twenty-four schoeni in length, about ninety-six miles, and six schoeni, twenty-four miles, in breadth; and he tells marvels likewise about its thickness, its feet and other fables.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai describes Christ as a gigantic power with measurements.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): μυθο- λογήματα → μυθολογήματα.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:221
εἶναι δὲ καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα καὶ αὐτὸ θήλειαν, ὅμοιον τῷ Χριστῷ, ἀνδριάντος δίκην ὑπὲρ νεφέλην καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον δύο ὀρέων ἑστός. καὶ τὰ ἄλλα σιωπήσω, ἵνα μὴ εἰς μυθολογίαν φαντασιάσω τὴν ἀκοὴν τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων.
einai de kai to hagion pneuma kai auto thēleian, homoion tǭ Christǭ, andriantos dikēn hyper nephelēn kai ana meson dyo oreōn hestos. kai ta alla siōpēsō, hina mē eis mythologian phantasiasō tēn akoēn tōn entynchanontōn.
And [he says] that the Holy Spirit too is female, like Christ, standing like a statue above a cloud between two mountains. I will keep silent about the rest, so as not to fill the readers' ears with myth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai describes the Holy Spirit as female.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:221
τίσι δὲ λόγοις καὶ κενοφωνίαις ὕστερον ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ ἀπατᾷ λέγων »μηδεὶς ζητήσῃ τὴν ἑρμηνείαν, ἀλλʼ ἢ μόνον ἐν τῇ εὐχῇ τάδε λεγέτω«, καὶ αὐτὰ δῆθεν ἀπὸ ἙβραΪκῆς διαλέκτου μετενέγκας, ὡς ἀπὸ μέρους κατειλήφαμεν, οὐδὲν ὄντα τὰ παρ αὐτῷ φανταζόμενα. φάσκει γὰρ λέγειν »ἀβὰρ ἀνὶδ μωΐβ νωχιλὲ δαασὶμ ἀνὴ δαασὶμ νωχιλὲ μωΐβ ἀνὶδ ἀβὰρ σελάμ«, ἅτινα ἑρμηνευόμενα ἔχει τὴν σαφήνειαν ταύτην·
tisi de logois kai kenophōniais hysteron en tę̄ biblǭ apatą legōn »mēdeis zētēsę̄ tēn hermēneian, allʼ ē monon en tę̄ euchę̄ tade legetō«, kai auta dēthen apo HebraÏkēs dialektou metenenkas, hōs apo merous kateilēphamen, ouden onta ta par autǭ phantazomena. phaskei gar legein »abar anid mōïb nōchile daasim anē daasim nōchile mōïb anid abar selam«, hatina hermēneuomena echei tēn saphēneian tautēn;
And with what words and empty sounds he deceives later in the book, saying, “Let no one seek the interpretation, but only say these words in prayer,” words he supposedly translated from the Hebrew language, as we have partly understood, though what he imagines is nothing. For he says to say: “Abar anid moib nochile daasim ane daasim nochile moib anid abar selam,” which, interpreted, has this meaning:
Notes and citation
Summary: Elxai's secret prayer formula is given.
- The formula reads the same backwards; Epiphanius's Hebrew explanation follows.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:221; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:221–222
»παρελθέτω ταπείνωσις <ἡ> ἐκ τῶν πατέρων μου τῆς κατακρίσεως αὐτῶν καὶ καταπατήματος αὐτῶν καὶ πόνου αὐτῶν, καταπατήματι ἐν κατακρίσει διὰ τῶν πατέρων μου, ἀπὸ ταπεινώσεως παρελθούσης ἐν ἀποστολῇ
»parelthetō tapeinōsis <hē> ek tōn paterōn mou tēs katakriseōs autōn kai katapatēmatos autōn kai ponou autōn, katapatēmati en katakrisei dia tōn paterōn mou, apo tapeinōseōs parelthousēs en apostolę̄
“Let humiliation pass from my fathers, from their condemnation and their trampling and their toil, by trampling in condemnation through my fathers, from humiliation that has passed, in the mission
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius's interpretation of the formula.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:221–222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.4.5Holl GCS 25/31:222
τελειώσεως.‘ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δὲ πάντα πληροῦται ταῦτα. κεκένωται γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ πλάνη. εἰ δὲ ἓν ῥῆμα πρὸς ἓν θελήσει τις κατὰ λεπτολογίαν ἀκοῦσαι ἑρμηνευόμενον, καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἂν ὀκνήσαιμεν ποιῆσαι, ἀλλʼ εἰς καθῆκον κατὰ πάντα τῶν βουλομένων λεπτολόγως ἀκούειν αὐτὰ δὴ τὰ ῥήματα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς αὐτῶν ἑρμηνείας ἄντικρυς παραθησόμεθα, καὶ ἔστιν οὕτως· ἀβάρ, παρελθέτω· ἀνίδ, ταπείνωσις·
teleiōseōs.‘ epʼ autǭ de panta plēroutai tauta. kekenōtai gar autou hē dynamis kai hē planē. ei de hen rhēma pros hen thelēsei tis kata leptologian akousai hermēneuomenon, kai touto ouk an oknēsaimen poiēsai, allʼ eis kathēkon kata panta tōn boulomenōn leptologōs akouein auta dē ta rhēmata autou kai tas autōn hermēneias antikrys parathēsometha, kai estin houtōs; abar, parelthetō; anid, tapeinōsis;
of perfection.” All these things are fulfilled in him; for his power and his error have been emptied. If anyone wishes to hear it interpreted word by word in detail, we would not hesitate to do this too; but, as is fitting in every way for those who wish to hear in detail, we shall set out his very words and their interpretations side by side, and it is thus: abar, let pass; anid, humiliation;
Notes and citation
Summary: The formula is interpreted word by word.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.4.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
19.4.6Holl GCS 25/31:222
μωΐβ, ἡ ἐκ <τῶν> πατέρων μου· νωχιλέ, τῆς κατακρίσεως αὐτῶν· δαασίμ, καταπατήματος αὐτῶν· ἀνή, καὶ πόνου αὐτῶν· δαασίμ, καταπατήματι· νωχιλέ, ἐν κατακρίσει· μωΐβ, διὰ τῶν πατέρων μου· ἀνίδ, ἀπὸ ταπεινώσεως· ἀβάβ, παρελθούσης· σελάμ, ἐν ἀποστολῇ τελειώσεως.
mōïb, hē ek <tōn> paterōn mou; nōchile, tēs katakriseōs autōn; daasim, katapatēmatos autōn; anē, kai ponou autōn; daasim, katapatēmati; nōchile, en katakrisei; mōïb, dia tōn paterōn mou; anid, apo tapeinōseōs; abab, parelthousēs; selam, en apostolę̄ teleiōseōs.
moib, from my fathers; nochile, of their condemnation; daasim, of their trampling; ane, and of their toil; daasim, by trampling; nochile, in condemnation; moib, through my fathers; anid, from humiliation; abab, that has passed; selam, in the mission of perfection.
Notes and citation
Summary: The word-by-word gloss concluded.
- The Hebrew glosses are Epiphanius's and are doubtful.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 19.4.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:222; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/13-1-1/#p-19-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.