Panarion (Medicine Chest Against Heresies), Haer. 1-64 27.2.1–28.6.8
Greek text: Holl, GCS 25/31 (Greek text: Karl Holl, ed., Epiphanius, Bände 1-2 (GCS 25, 1915, and GCS 31, 1922, Leipzig: Hinrichs), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0. The digitized file's own metadata describes it as spanning Holl's volumes 1-3 (1915-1933), but its text in fact ends at Haer. 64 (confirmed: the last division is Haer. 64, on Origen, matching the end of GCS 31); Holl's third volume (GCS 37, 1933) is not present in this digital text.).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Haer. 27, chapter 2
27.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:301
2. Οὗτος δὲ πόλιν ἄνω μὲν μίαν ἀρχὴν λέγει καὶ πατέρα τῶν ὅλων καὶ] ἄγνωστον καὶ ἀκατονόμαστον ἵσα τοῖς ἄλλοις εἰσάγειν βούλεται, τὸν δὲ κόσμον καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ὑπὸ ἀγγέλων γεγενῆσθαι, τῶν πολύ τι ὑπὸ] τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἀγνώστου ὑποβεβηκότων· τούτους γὰρ λέγει ἀποστάντας ἀπὸ τῆς ἄνω δυνάμεως οὕτω τὸν κόσμον πεποιηκέναι.
2. Houtos de polin anō men mian archēn legei kai patera tōn holōn kai] agnōston kai akatonomaston hisa tois allois eisagein bouletai, ton de kosmon kai ta en tǭ kosmǭ hypo angelōn gegenēsthai, tōn poly ti hypo] tou patros tou agnōstou hypobebēkotōn; toutous gar legei apostantas apo tēs anō dynameōs houtō ton kosmon pepoiēkenai.
This man again speaks of one principle above and wishes to introduce, like the others, a Father of all, unknown and unnameable; and [he says] that the world and what is in it were made by angels far inferior to the unknown Father. For he says that these revolted from the power above and so made the world.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carpocrates: an unknown Father and world-making angels.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:301
Ἰησοῦν δὲ τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν ἀπὸ Ἰωσὴφ λέγει γεγεννῆσθαι, καθάπερ καὶ πάντες ἄνθρωποι ἐκ σπέρματος ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικὸς ἐγεννήθησαν. εἶναι δὲ αὐτὸν ὅμοιον τοῖς πᾶσι, βίῳ δὲ διενηνοχέναι, σωφροσύνῃ τε καὶ ἀρετῇ καὶ βίῳ δικαιοσύνης.
Iēsoun de ton kyrion hēmōn apo Iōsēph legei gegennēsthai, kathaper kai pantes anthrōpoi ek spermatos andros kai gynaikos egennēthēsan. einai de auton homoion tois pasi, biǭ de dienēnochenai, sōphrosynę̄ te kai aretę̄ kai biǭ dikaiosynēs.
He says that Jesus our Lord was begotten of Joseph, just as all human beings were born of the seed of man and woman; that he was like all others but differed in his life, in self-control, virtue and a life of righteousness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carpocrates taught that Jesus was Joseph's son, distinguished only by virtue.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:301
ἐπειδὴ δέ, φηοίν, εὔτονον ἔσχε ψυχὴν παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους καὶ ἐμνημόνευὲν τὰ ὁραθέντα ὑπʼ αὐτῆς ἄνω, ὅτε ἦν ἐν τῇ περιφορᾷ τοῦ ἀγνώστου πατρός, ἀπεστάλθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ πατρός, φησίν, εἰς τὴν αὐτοῦ ψυχὴν δυνάμεις, ὅπως τὰ ὁραθέντα αὐτῇ
epeidē de, phēoin, eutonon esche psychēn para tous allous anthrōpous kai emnēmoneuen ta horathenta hypʼ autēs anō, hote ēn en tę̄ periphorą tou agnōstou patros, apestalthai hypo tou autou patros, phēsin, eis tēn autou psychēn dynameis, hopōs ta horathenta autę̄
And since, he says, he had a vigorous soul beyond other people and remembered what it had seen above when it was in the circuit of the unknown Father, powers were sent from the same Father, he says, into his soul, so that, remembering what it had seen
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus' soul remembered what it had seen above and received powers.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:301; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:301–302
ἀναμνημονεύσασα καὶ ἐνδυναμωθεῖσα φύγῃ τοὺς κοσμοποιοὺς ἀγγέλους ἐν τῷ διὰ πάντων χωρῆσαι τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ πραγμάτων καὶ πράξεων τῶν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γινομένων καὶ ἐν παραβύστῳ ἀτόπων ἔργων καὶ ἀθεμίτων,
anamnēmoneusasa kai endynamōtheisa phygę̄ tous kosmopoious angelous en tǭ dia pantōn chōrēsai tōn en tǭ kosmǭ pragmatōn kai praxeōn tōn hypo tōn anthrōpōn ginomenōn kai en parabystǭ atopōn ergōn kai athemitōn,
and being empowered, it might escape the world-making angels by passing through all things in the world and all deeds done by human beings, including secret, monstrous and unlawful works,
Notes and citation
Summary: The soul escapes by passing through every deed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): ἀναμνημο- νεύσασα → ἀναμνημονεύσασα.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:301–302; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:302
καὶ ὅπως διὰ πασῶν τῶν πράξεων ἐλευθερωθεῖσα ἡ αὐτὴ ψυχή, φησί, τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἀνέλθῃ πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν πατέρα τὸν ἄγνωστον, τὸν δυνάμεις αὐτῇ ἀποστείλαντα ἄνωθεν, ἴνα διὰ πασῶν τῶν πράξεων χωρήσασα καὶ ἐλευθερωθεῖσα διέλθοι πρὸς αὐτὸν ὄνω.
kai hopōs dia pasōn tōn praxeōn eleutherōtheisa hē autē psychē, phēsi, tou Iēsou anelthę̄ pros ton auton patera ton agnōston, ton dynameis autę̄ aposteilanta anōthen, ina dia pasōn tōn praxeōn chōrēsasa kai eleutherōtheisa dielthoi pros auton onō.
and so that, freed through all deeds, the same soul of Jesus, he says, might go up to the same unknown Father who sent it powers from above, so that, having passed through all deeds and been freed, it might go through to him above.
Notes and citation
Summary: Freed, Jesus' soul returns to the unknown Father.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:302; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:302
οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ὁμοίας αὐτῇ ψυχάς, <τὰς> τὰ ἵσα αὐτῇ ἀσπασαμένας, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἐλευθερωθείσας ἄνω πτῆναι πρὸς τὸν ἄγνωστον πατέρα, ἐν τῷ τὰς πάσας πράξεις πραξάσας ὁμοίως <τε>
ou mēn de alla kai tas homoias autę̄ psychas, <tas> ta hisa autę̄ aspasamenas, ton auton tropon eleutherōtheisas anō ptēnai pros ton agnōston patera, en tǭ tas pasas praxeis praxasas homoiōs <te>
And not only so, but souls like it, which embrace the same things, freed in the same way, fly up to the unknown Father, having done all deeds likewise
Notes and citation
Summary: Souls like Jesus' are likewise freed.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:302; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.7Holl GCS 25/31:302
τῶν πάντων ἀπαλλαγείσας λοιπὸν ἐλευθερωθῆναι. τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τοῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἔθεσιν ἀνατραφεῖσαν καταφρονῆσαι αὐτῶν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο δυνάμεις εἰληφέναι, διʼ ὧν τὰ ἐπὶ κολάσεσι πάθη προσόντα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δυνηθεῖσα † πρᾶξαι ὑπερβῆναι τοὺς κοσμοποιοὺς ἴσχυσεν.
tōn pantōn apallageisas loipon eleutherōthēnai. tēn psychēn tou Iēsou en tois tōn Ioudaiōn ethesin anatrapheisan kataphronēsai autōn kai dia touto dynameis eilēphenai, diʼ hōn ta epi kolasesi pathē prosonta tois anthrōpois dynētheisa † praxai hyperbēnai tous kosmopoious ischysen.
and been released from all things, and are then freed. The soul of Jesus, brought up in the customs of the Jews, despised them, and for this reason received powers, through which, being able … the passions attached to human beings for punishment, it prevailed to pass beyond the world-makers.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus' soul despised Jewish customs and received power to pass the world-makers.
- A dagger marks πρᾶξαι as corrupt.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated word): τὴν τὴν ψυχὴν → τὴν ψυχὴν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:302; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.8Holl GCS 25/31:302
οὐ μόνον δὲ αὐτὴν τὴν Ψυχὴν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦτο δεδυνῆσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν δυναμένην διὰ <πασῶν> τῶν χωρῆσαι ὑπερβῆναι τοὺς κοσμοποιοὺς αὐτοὺς ἀγγέλους· καὶ αὐτὴ ἐὰν λάβῃ δυνάμεις καὶ τὰ ὅμοια πράξῃ, * καθάπερ ἡ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ὡς προεῖπον.
ou monon de autēn tēn Psychēn tou Iēsou touto dedynēsthai, alla kai tēn dynamenēn dia <pasōn> tōn chōrēsai hyperbēnai tous kosmopoious autous angelous; kai autē ean labę̄ dynameis kai ta homoia praxę̄, * kathaper hē tou Iēsou, hōs proeipon.
And not only the soul of Jesus could do this, but also any soul able to pass through all [deeds] can pass beyond the world-making angels themselves; it too, if it receives powers and does the like, … just as that of Jesus, as I said before.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Any soul can do what Jesus' did.
- The asterisk marks a gap.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:302; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.9Holl GCS 25/31:302–303
ὅθεν εἰς τῦφον μέγαν οὗτοι ἐληλακότες οἱ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀπατεῶνος τούτου ἀπατηθέντες ἑαυτοὺς προκριτέους ἡγοῦνται καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.
hothen eis typhon megan houtoi elēlakotes hoi hypo tou apateōnos toutou apatēthentes heautous prokriteous hēgountai kai autou tou Iēsou.
Hence those deceived by this deceiver have come to great conceit and regard themselves as preferable even to Jesus himself.
Notes and citation
Summary: Some Carpocratians rank themselves above Jesus.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:302–303; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.10Holl GCS 25/31:303
ἄλλοι δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐκ Ἰησοῦ φασιν, ἀλλὰ Πέτρου καὶ Ἀνδρέου καὶ Παύλου καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀποστόλων ἑαυτοὺς ὑπερφερεστέρους εἶναι διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τὸ περισσοτερον τῆς διαπράξεως διαφόρων διεξόδων· ἄλλοι δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν φάσκουσι μηδὲν διενηνοχέναι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.
alloi de ex autōn ouk Iēsou phasin, alla Petrou kai Andreou kai Paulou kai tōn loipōn apostolōn heautous hyperpheresterous einai dia tēn hyperbolēn tēs gnōseōs kai to perissoteron tēs diapraxeōs diaphorōn diexodōn; alloi de ex autōn phaskousi mēden dienēnochenai tou kyriou hēmōn Iēsou Christou.
Others of them say they are superior not to Jesus but to Peter, Andrew, Paul and the other apostles, because of the excess of their knowledge and the abundance of their practice of various courses; others of them say they differ in nothing from our Lord Jesus Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: Others rank themselves above the apostles or equal to Christ.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): ὑπερ- φερεστέρους → ὑπερφερεστέρους.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:303; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.2.11Holl GCS 25/31:303
αἱ γὰρ ψυχαὶ ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς περιφορᾶς εἰσι καὶ ὁμοίως κατὰ τὴν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πάντων καταφρόνησιν ποιησάμεναι * καὶ <γὰρ> αἱ πᾶσαι, φησί, τῆς αὐτῆς δυνάμεως ἠξιώθησαν ἡς καὶ ἡ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἠξίωται· διὸ καὶ ταύτα > φασὶ χωρεῖν διὰ πάσης πράξεως, καθάπερ ἀμέλει καὶ ἡ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ διελήλυθεν. εἰ δὲ καί τις πάλιν δυνηθείη ὑπὲρ τὸν Ἱησοῦν καταφρονῆσαι, διαφορώτερος ἔσται αὐτοῦ.
hai gar psychai ek tēs autēs periphoras eisi kai homoiōs kata tēn tou Iēsou pantōn kataphronēsin poiēsamenai * kai <gar> hai pasai, phēsi, tēs autēs dynameōs ēxiōthēsan hēs kai hē tou Iēsou ēxiōtai; dio kai tauta > phasi chōrein dia pasēs praxeōs, kathaper amelei kai hē tou Iēsou dielēlythen. ei de kai tis palin dynētheiē hyper ton Hiēsoun kataphronēsai, diaphorōteros estai autou.
For the souls are from the same circuit, and likewise, having shown contempt for all things as Jesus did …; for all, he says, were counted worthy of the same power as Jesus' soul was; therefore they say these too pass through every deed, just as Jesus' soul did. And if anyone can despise more than Jesus, he will be superior to him.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: All souls share Jesus' power; whoever despises more surpasses him.
- The asterisk marks a gap.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.2.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:303; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-2-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 27, chapter 3
27.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:303
3. Ἐπιχειροῦσι δὲ οἱ τῆς ἀθεμίτου ταύτης σχολῆς παντοίας ἐπιχειρήσεις δεινῶν ἔργων καὶ ὀλετηρίων. μαγεῖαι γὰρ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπινενόηνται, ἐπῳδάς τε διαφόρους πρὸς πᾶσαν μηχανὴν ἐφεύραντο, πρὸς] φίλτρα > καὶ ἀγώγιμα. οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ καὶ παρέδρους δαί- μονας ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισπῶνται, εἰς τὸ διὰ πολλῆς μαγγανείας ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ μεγάλῃ πάντων <γενέσθαι>, <ὥστε> φησί, κυριεύειν ὡν τε ἂν καὶ ᾗ πράξει ἐπιχειρεῖν τολμήσειε·
3. Epicheirousi de hoi tēs athemitou tautēs scholēs pantoias epicheirēseis deinōn ergōn kai oletēriōn. mageiai gar parʼ autois epinenoēntai, epǭdas te diaphorous pros pasan mēchanēn epheuranto, pros] philtra > kai agōgima. ou mēn de alla kai paredrous dai- monas heautois epispōntai, eis to dia pollēs manganeias en exousią megalę̄ pantōn <genesthai>, <hōste> phēsi, kyrieuein hōn te an kai hę̄ praxei epicheirein tolmēseie;
Those of this unlawful school undertake all kinds of terrible and deadly works. For magic arts have been devised among them, and they have invented various incantations for every contrivance, love charms and spells. And they also draw familiar demons to themselves, so as to come into great power over all things through much trickery, so as, he says, to master whatever and however they dare to attempt;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Carpocratians practice magic and love charms.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.25.3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): ἐπιοπῶνται → ἐπισπῶνται.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.25.3 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; echo)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:303; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:303
δῆθεν ἑαυτοὺς ἐξαπατῶντες πρὸς πληροφορίαν τῆς τετυφλωμένης αὐτῶν διανοίας, ὅτε αἱ τοιαῦτα ἐγχειρήσασαι <ψυχαί> κατιοχύσασαι διὰ τῶν τοιούτων πράξεων καταφρονήσασαι τῶν κοσμοποιῶν ἀγγέλων καὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ὑπερβαίνουσι τὴν τῶν αὐτῶν μυθοποιῶν (οὐ γὰρ ἄν εἴποιμι κοσμοποιῶν) ἐξουσίαν, ὅπως ἂν τὴν ἄνω ἐλευθερίαν ἀσπάσωνται καὶ τὴν ἄνω πτῆσιν κτήσαιντο.
dēthen heautous exapatōntes pros plērophorian tēs tetyphlōmenēs autōn dianoias, hote hai toiauta encheirēsasai <psychai> katiochysasai dia tōn toioutōn praxeōn kataphronēsasai tōn kosmopoiōn angelōn kai tōn en tǭ kosmǭ, hyperbainousi tēn tōn autōn mythopoiōn (ou gar an eipoimi kosmopoiōn) exousian, hopōs an tēn anō eleutherian aspasōntai kai tēn anō ptēsin ktēsainto.
deceiving themselves, supposedly, to reassure their blinded minds, that the souls that undertake such things, having prevailed through such deeds and despised the world-making angels and what is in the world, pass beyond the authority of these mythmakers (for I would not say world-makers), so that they may embrace the freedom above and gain the flight upward.
Notes and citation
Summary: They think such deeds free the soul.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:303; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:303–304
εἰσὶ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ Σατανᾶ παρεσκευασμένοι καὶ προβεβλημένοι εἰς ὄνειδος καὶ σκάνδαλον τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκλησίας. ἐπέθεντο γὰρ ἑαυτοῖς ἐπίκλην Χριστιανοί, τοῦτο τοῦ Σατανᾶ παρασκευάσαντος πρὸς τὸ σκανδαλίζεσθαι τὰ ἔθνη διʼ αὐτῶν καὶ ἀποστρέφεσθαι τὴν τῆς ἁγίας τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκλησίας ὠφέλειαν καὶ τὸ ἀληθινὸν κήρυγμα διὰ τὰς ἐκείνων ἀθεμιτουργίας καὶ ἀνηκέστου<ς>
eisi de ek tou Satana pareskeuasmenoi kai probeblēmenoi eis oneidos kai skandalon tēs tou theou ekklēsias. epethento gar heautois epiklēn Christianoi, touto tou Satana paraskeuasantos pros to skandalizesthai ta ethnē diʼ autōn kai apostrephesthai tēn tēs hagias tou theou ekklēsias ōpheleian kai to alēthinon kērygma dia tas ekeinōn athemitourgias kai anēkestou<s>
They have been prepared and put forward by Satan for the reproach and scandal of God's church. For they have taken the name Christians, Satan arranging this so that the Gentiles might be scandalized through them and turn away from the benefit of God's holy church and the true preaching because of their lawless and incurable
Notes and citation
Summary: The sect brings reproach on the church by calling itself Christian.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.25.3.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:303–304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:304
κακοπραγίας, εἰς τὸ τὰ ἔθνη κατανοοῦντα αὐτῶν τὰ ἐπάλληλα ἔργα τῶν ἀθεμιτουργιῶν, νομίσαντα καὶ τοὺς τῆς ἁγίας τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκλησίας τοιούτους εἶναι, ἀποστρέφειν ὡς καὶ προεῖπον τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ κατὰ ἀλήθειαν διδασκαλίας ἢ καὶ ὁρῶντά τινας * πάντας <ἡμᾶς> ὁμοίως βλασφημεῖν.
kakopragias, eis to ta ethnē katanoounta autōn ta epallēla erga tōn athemitourgiōn, nomisanta kai tous tēs hagias tou theou ekklēsias toioutous einai, apostrephein hōs kai proeipon tēn akoēn apo tēs tou theou kata alētheian didaskalias ē kai horōnta tinas * pantas <hēmas> homoiōs blasphēmein.
wicked deeds, so that the Gentiles, observing the successive works of their lawlessness and thinking that those of God's holy church are also such, turn away their ears, as I said before, from the teaching that is truly God's, or, seeing some …, blaspheme us all alike.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pagans judge all Christians by them.
- The asterisk marks a gap.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Latin letters inside Greek words): νομiσαντα καὶ τοὺς τῆς ἁrίας → νομίσαντα καὶ τοὺς τῆς ἁγίας.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:304
καὶ τούτου ἕνεκα οἱ πλείους τῶν ἐθνῶν ὅπου δἂν ἴδωσι τοιούτους οὔτε ἐπὶ κοινωνίᾳ ἡμῖν προσφέρονται ληψοδοσίας ἢ γνώμης ἢ ἀκοῆς λόγου θείου οὔτε τὴν ἀκοὴν ἐντιθέασιν, ἐπτυρμένοι ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν ἀθεμίτων ἀνοσιουργίας.
kai toutou heneka hoi pleious tōn ethnōn hopou dan idōsi toioutous oute epi koinōnią hēmin prospherontai lēpsodosias ē gnōmēs ē akoēs logou theiou oute tēn akoēn entitheasin, eptyrmenoi apo tēs tōn athemitōn anosiourgias.
And for this reason most of the Gentiles, wherever they see such people, do not approach us for fellowship, for giving and receiving, or counsel, or hearing the divine word, nor lend their ears, terrified by the impiety of the lawless.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pagans avoid Christians because of them.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): ληφοδοσίας → ληψοδοσίας.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 27, chapter 4
27.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:304
4. Εἰσὶ δὲ ἐν ἀσωτίᾳ διατελοῦντες οὗτοι καὶ πᾶν ὁτιοῦν ἐργαζόμενοι πρὸς εὐπάθειαν σωμάτων, ἡμῖν δὲ ὅλως οὐ προσεγγίζοντες, εἰ μή τι ἂν πρὸς τὸ δελεάσαι ψυχὰς ἀστηρίκτους τῇ αὐτῶν κακοδιδασκαλίᾳ. εἰς οὐδὲν γὰρ ἡμῖν ὁμοιοῦνται ἢ μόνον ὀνόματι καλεῖσθαι σεμνύνονται, ὅπως διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τὸ ἐπίπλαστον τῆς ἑαυτῶν κακίας θηράσωνται.
4. Eisi de en asōtią diatelountes houtoi kai pan hotioun ergazomenoi pros eupatheian sōmatōn, hēmin de holōs ou prosengizontes, ei mē ti an pros to deleasai psychas astēriktous tę̄ autōn kakodidaskalią. eis ouden gar hēmin homoiountai ē monon onomati kaleisthai semnynontai, hopōs dia tou onomatos to epiplaston tēs heautōn kakias thērasōntai.
These live in dissipation and do anything whatever for the comfort of their bodies, and do not come near us at all, except to lure unstable souls with their evil teaching. For they resemble us in nothing, except that they take pride in being called by the name, so that through the name they may hunt with the pretense of their wickedness.
2 Pet 2:14 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They share only the name Christian.
- “Unstable souls”: 2 Pet 2:14.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:304; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:304–305
»τὸ δὲ κρίμα τούτωνʼ κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον »ἔνδικόν ἐστιν«, ὡς ὁ ἅγιος ἀπόστολος Παῦλος ἔφη· διὰ γὰρ τὰς κακὰς αὐτῶν πράξεις τὸ ἀνταπόδομα ἀποδοθήσεται αὐτοῖς.
»to de krima toutōnʼ kata to gegrammenon »endikon estin«, hōs ho hagios apostolos Paulos ephē; dia gar tas kakas autōn praxeis to antapodoma apodothēsetai autois.
“Their condemnation,” as it is written, “is just,” as the holy apostle Paul said; for because of their evil deeds the recompense will be paid them.
Rom 3:8 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Their condemnation is just.
- Rom 3:8.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:304–305; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:305
ἀδεῶς γὰρ τὸν νοῦν αὐτῶν εἰς οἶστρον ἐκδεδωκότες πάθεσιν ἡδονῶν μυρίων ἑαυτοὺς παραδεδώκασι. φασὶ γὰρ ὅτι ὅσα νομίζεται παρὰ ἀνθρώποις κακὰ εἶναι οὐ κακὰ ὑπάρχει, ἁλλὰ φύσει καλά οὐδὲν γάρ ἐστι φύσει κακόν), τοῖς δὲ ἀνθρώποις νομίζεται εἶναι φαῦλα.
adeōs gar ton noun autōn eis oistron ekdedōkotes pathesin hēdonōn myriōn heautous paradedōkasi. phasi gar hoti hosa nomizetai para anthrōpois kaka einai ou kaka hyparchei, halla physei kala ouden gar esti physei kakon), tois de anthrōpois nomizetai einai phaula.
For having recklessly given up their mind to frenzy, they have handed themselves over to the passions of countless pleasures. For they say that whatever is thought evil among human beings is not evil but good by nature (for nothing is evil by nature), but is thought bad by human beings.
Notes and citation
Summary: They teach that nothing is evil by nature.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): παρὰ ἐνθρώποις → παρὰ ἀνθρώποις.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:305; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:305
καὶ ταῦτα πάντα ἐάν τις πράξῃ ἐν τῇ μιᾷ ταύτῃ παρουσίᾳ, οὐκέτι μετενσωματοῦται αὐτοῦ ἡ ψυχὴ εἰς τὸ πάλιν ἀντικαταβληθῆναι, ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ ἓν ποιήσασα πᾶσαν πρᾶξιν ἀπαλλαγήσεται, ἐλευθερωθεῖσα καὶ μηκέτι χρεωστοῦσά τι τῶν πρὸς πρᾶξιν έν τῷ κόσμῳ. ποίαν δὲ πρᾶξιν δέδια πάλιν εἰπεῖν, μὴ βορβόρου δίκην κεκαλυμμένου ὀχετὸν ἀποκαλύψω καί τισι δόξω λοιμώδους δὐσοδμίας ἐργάζεσθαι τὴν ἐμφόρησιν. ἀλλʼ ὅμως ἐπειδήπερ ἐξ ἀληθείας συνεχόμεθα τὰ παρὰ τοῖς ἠπατημένοις ἀποκαλύψαι, σεμνότερον εἰπεῖν τε καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας μὴ ἔξω βαίνειν ἐμαυτὸν καταναγκάσω.
kai tauta panta ean tis praxę̄ en tę̄ mią tautę̄ parousią, ouketi metensōmatoutai autou hē psychē eis to palin antikatablēthēnai, alla hypo hen poiēsasa pasan praxin apallagēsetai, eleutherōtheisa kai mēketi chreōstousa ti tōn pros praxin en tǭ kosmǭ. poian de praxin dedia palin eipein, mē borborou dikēn kekalymmenou ocheton apokalypsō kai tisi doxō loimōdous dysodmias ergazesthai tēn emphorēsin. allʼ homōs epeidēper ex alētheias synechometha ta para tois ēpatēmenois apokalypsai, semnoteron eipein te kai tēs alētheias mē exō bainein emauton katanankasō.
And if anyone does all these things in this one life, his soul is no longer reincarnated to be cast down again, but, having done every deed at once, it will be released, freed and no longer owing anything of the deeds in the world. What deeds, I fear again to say, lest I uncover a sewer like covered filth and seem to some to cause a filling with pestilential stench. Yet since we are held by truth to uncover what is done among the deceived, I shall compel myself to speak more decently and yet not step outside the truth.
Notes and citation
Summary: They believe that doing every deed in one life frees the soul from reincarnation.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.25.4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): ἐόν τις πράξῃ → ἐάν τις πράξῃ.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.25.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; echo)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:305; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.4.6Holl GCS 25/31:305
τί δὲ ἀλλʼ ὅτι πᾶσαν ἀρρητουργίαν καὶ ἀθέμιτον πρᾶξιν, ἥν οὐ θεμιτὸν ἐπὶ στόματος φέρειν, οὑτοι πράττουσιν καὶ πᾶν εἶδος ἀνδροβασιῶν καὶ λαγνιστέρων ὁμιλιῶν πρὸς γυναῖκας ἐν ἑκάστῳ μέλει σώματος·
ti de allʼ hoti pasan arrētourgian kai athemiton praxin, hēn ou themiton epi stomatos pherein, houtoi prattousin kai pan eidos androbasiōn kai lagnisterōn homiliōn pros gynaikas en hekastǭ melei sōmatos;
What else but that they do every unspeakable and lawless deed that it is not right to put into words, and every kind of sodomy and lewd intercourse with women in every member of the body;
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius charges them with every sexual vice.
- A hostile report.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.4.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:305; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.4.7Holl GCS 25/31:305–306
μαγείας τε καὶ φαρμακείας καὶ εἰδωλολατρείας ἐκτελοῦντες τοῦτο εἶναί φασιν ἐργασίαν ἀποδόσεως τῶν ἐν τῷ σώματι ὀφλημάτων εἰς τὸ μηκέτι ἐγκαλεῖσθαι ἤ μἐλλειν τι πράξεως ἔργον ἀπαιτεῖσθαι, καὶ τούτου ἕνεκα μὴ ἀποστρέφεσθαι τὴν ψυχὴν μετὰ τὴν ἐντεῦθεν ἀπαλλαγὴν καὶ πάλιν εἰς μετενσωμάτωσιν καὶ μεταγγισμὸν χωρεῖν.
mageias te kai pharmakeias kai eidōlolatreias ektelountes touto einai phasin ergasian apodoseōs tōn en tǭ sōmati ophlēmatōn eis to mēketi enkaleisthai ē mellein ti praxeōs ergon apaiteisthai, kai toutou heneka mē apostrephesthai tēn psychēn meta tēn enteuthen apallagēn kai palin eis metensōmatōsin kai metangismon chōrein.
and performing magic, sorcery and idolatry, they say this is the work of repaying the debts in the body, so that one is no longer accused or liable to be required to do any work, and for this reason the soul is not turned back after its release from here to go again into reincarnation and transference.
Notes and citation
Summary: They call these deeds a payment of the body's debts.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): εἶαναί φασιν → εἶναί φασιν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.4.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:305–306; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 27, chapter 5
27.5.1Holl GCS 25/31:306
5. Οὕτως γὰρ ἔχει τὰ αὐτῶν συντάγματα ὡς ἀναγνόντα τὸν συνετὸν θαυμέζειν καὶ ἐκπλήττεσθαι καὶ ἀοριστεῖν εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων γενήσεται, οὐ μόνον τῶν δαθʼ ἡμᾶς πόλιν κατοι- κούντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν μετὰ θηρῶν καὶ ὁμοίων θηρσὶ καὶ κτήνεοι * καὶ σχεδὸν εἰπεῖν τὰ κυνῶν καὶ ὑῶν πράττειν τολμώντων.
5. Houtōs gar echei ta autōn syntagmata hōs anagnonta ton syneton thaumezein kai ekplēttesthai kai aoristein ei tauta houtōs hypo anthrōpōn genēsetai, ou monon tōn dathʼ hēmas polin katoi- kountōn, alla kai tōn meta thērōn kai homoiōn thērsi kai ktēneoi * kai schedon eipein ta kynōn kai hyōn prattein tolmōntōn.
For their writings are such that the intelligent reader marvels, is astounded, and is at a loss whether these things will be done by human beings, not only by those who live in cities like us, but even by those who live with beasts and like beasts and cattle …, and dare to do, one may almost say, the deeds of dogs and pigs.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their writings astonish the reader.
- The asterisk marks a gap.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): Οὕτως γὰρ ἄχει → Οὕτως γὰρ ἔχει.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.5.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:306; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.5.2Holl GCS 25/31:306
φασὶ γὰρ δεῖν πάντως πᾶσαν χρῆσιν τούτων ποιεῖσθαι, ἵνα μὴ ἐξελθοῦσαι καὶ ὑστερήσασαί τινος ἔργου τούτου ἔνεκα καταστραφῶσιν εἰς σώματα πάλιν αἱ ψυχαὶ εἰς τὸ πρᾶξαι αὖθις ἅ μὴ ἔπραξαν.
phasi gar dein pantōs pasan chrēsin toutōn poieisthai, hina mē exelthousai kai hysterēsasai tinos ergou toutou eneka katastraphōsin eis sōmata palin hai psychai eis to praxai authis ha mē epraxan.
For they say that one must make every use of these things, so that the souls may not depart lacking some work and for this reason be thrown back into bodies to do again what they did not do.
Notes and citation
Summary: Every deed must be done to avoid rebirth.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.5.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:306; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.5.3Holl GCS 25/31:306–307
καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι, φασίν, ὅπερ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ εἶπεν διὰ τῆς παραβολῆς ὅτι ἴσθι εὐνοῶν τῷ ἀντιδίκῳ σου ἐν ᾧ εἶ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ μετʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ δὸς ἐργασίαν ἀπηλλάχθαι ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ, μή πως ὁ ἀντίδικος παραδῷ σε τῷ κριτῇ καὶ ὁ κριτὴς τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ, καὶ ὁ ὑπηρέτης βάλῃ σε εἰς φυλακήν· ἀμὴν λέγω σοί, οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς ἐκεῖθεν, ἴως ἄν ἀποδῷς τὸν ἔσχατον κοδράντην«. μῦθον δέ τινα πλάττουσιν οἱ αὐτοὶ πρὸς ἐπίλυσιν τῆς παραβολῆς ταύτης καί φασιν εἶναι τὸν ἀντίδικον ἐκεῖνον τῶν τὸν κόσμον πεποιηκότων ἀγγέλων ἕνα καὶ εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο κατεσκευάσθαι, εἰς τὸ ἀπάγειν τὰς ψυχὰς πρὸς τὸν κριτὴν τὰς ἐντεῦθεν ἐξερχομένας ἐκ τῶν σωμάτων ἐκεῖσε δὲ ἐλεγχομένας· μὴ ποιησάσας δὲ πᾶσαν ἐργασίαν παραδίδοσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρχοντος τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ.
kai touto esti, phasin, hoper ho Iēsous en tǭ euangeliǭ eipen dia tēs parabolēs hoti isthi eunoōn tǭ antidikǭ sou en hǭ ei en tę̄ hodǭ metʼ autou kai dos ergasian apēllachthai apʼ autou, mē pōs ho antidikos paradǭ se tǭ kritę̄ kai ho kritēs tǭ hypēretę̄, kai ho hypēretēs balę̄ se eis phylakēn; amēn legō soi, ou mē exelthę̄s ekeithen, iōs an apodǭs ton eschaton kodrantēn«. mython de tina plattousin hoi autoi pros epilysin tēs parabolēs tautēs kai phasin einai ton antidikon ekeinon tōn ton kosmon pepoiēkotōn angelōn hena kai eis auto touto kateskeuasthai, eis to apagein tas psychas pros ton kritēn tas enteuthen exerchomenas ek tōn sōmatōn ekeise de elenchomenas; mē poiēsasas de pasan ergasian paradidosthai apo tou archontos tǭ hypēretę̄.
And this, they say, is what Jesus said in the Gospel through the parable: “Be well disposed to your adversary while you are on the way with him, and make every effort to be rid of him, lest the adversary hand you over to the judge and the judge to the officer, and the officer throw you into prison; truly I say to you, you will not come out of there until you pay the last penny.” They fabricate a myth to explain this parable and say that the adversary is one of the angels who made the world, created for this very purpose, to lead to the judge the souls departing from bodies here, and there they are examined; and those that have not done every work are handed over by the ruler to the officer.
Matt 5:25 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 5:26 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 12:58 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They reinterpret the parable of the adversary.
- Matt 5:25–26; Luke 12:58–59.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip): μετʼ αὐτοῦ κοὶ δὸς → μετʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ δὸς.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.25.4 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; echo)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.5.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:306–307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.5.5Holl GCS 25/31:307
ἄγγελον δὲ εἶναι τὸν ὑπηρέτην, ἐξυπηρετούμενον τῷ κριτῇ τῷ κοσμοποιῷ εἰς τὸ φέρειν τὰς ψυχὰς πάλιν καὶ εἰς σώματα καταγγίζειν διάφορα. εἶναι δὲ τὸν ἀντίδικον τοῦτον, ὅν ἔφημεν τὸν κύριον εἰρηκέναι ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, ὅν] οὑτοι ἄγγελον τῶν κοσμοποιῶν φασιν, ὄνομα ἔχοντα Διάβολον.
angelon de einai ton hypēretēn, exypēretoumenon tǭ kritę̄ tǭ kosmopoiǭ eis to pherein tas psychas palin kai eis sōmata katangizein diaphora. einai de ton antidikon touton, hon ephēmen ton kyrion eirēkenai en tǭ euangeliǭ, hon] houtoi angelon tōn kosmopoiōn phasin, onoma echonta Diabolon.
And the officer is an angel who serves the world-making judge, to bring the souls back and pour them into different bodies. And this adversary, whom we said the Lord spoke of in the Gospel, they call an angel of the world-makers, named the Devil.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The officer and adversary are angels of the world-maker.
- The editor deletes [ὅν].
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated word): ἄγγελον ἄγγελον τῶν → ἄγγελον τῶν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.5.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.5.6Holl GCS 25/31:307
φασὶ γὰρ εἶναι τὴν φυλακὴν τὸ σῶμα, τὸν δὲ ἔσχατον κοδράντην θέλουσιν εἶναι τὴν μετενσωμάτωσιν· * καθʼ ἑκάστην παρουσίαν σωμάτων ἐπιτελεῖν ἐσχάτην πρᾶξιν καὶ μηκέτι ὑπολείπεσθαι πρὸς τὸ ἀθέμιτόν τι πρᾶξαι. δεῖ γάρ, φασὶν ὡς προείπαμεν, πάντα<δι>ελθοῦσαν καὶ καθʼ ἕκαστον καὶ ἐλευθερωθεῖσαν ἐνελθεῖν πρὸς τὸν ἄνω ἄγνωστον, ὑπερβᾶσαν τοὺς κοσμοποιοὺς καὶ τὸν κοσμοποιόν.
phasi gar einai tēn phylakēn to sōma, ton de eschaton kodrantēn thelousin einai tēn metensōmatōsin; * kathʼ hekastēn parousian sōmatōn epitelein eschatēn praxin kai mēketi hypoleipesthai pros to athemiton ti praxai. dei gar, phasin hōs proeipamen, panta<di>elthousan kai kathʼ hekaston kai eleutherōtheisan enelthein pros ton anō agnōston, hyperbasan tous kosmopoious kai ton kosmopoion.
For they say the prison is the body, and they mean the last penny to be reincarnation; … in each embodiment to complete the last deed and no longer be left short in doing anything lawless. For, as we said before, the soul must pass through everything, each thing, and being freed, enter to the unknown one above, passing beyond the world-makers and the world-maker.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The prison is the body, the last penny reincarnation.
- The asterisk marks a gap.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.5.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:307; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.5.7Holl GCS 25/31:307–308
φασὶ δὲ πάλιν ὅτι δεῖ κἄν τε ἐν μιᾷ παρουσίᾳ τῆς μετενσωματώσεως πραξάσας λοιπὸν ἄνω ἐλευθερωθείσης ἀπιέναι· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἐν μιᾷ παρουσίᾳ πράξωσι, καθʼ ἑκάστην παρουσίαν μετενσωματώσεως κατὰ βραχὺ ποιησάσας ἑκάστου ἔργου ἀθεμίτου τὴν ἐργασίαν λοιπὸν ἐλευθερωθῆναι.
phasi de palin hoti dei kan te en mią parousią tēs metensōmatōseōs praxasas loipon anō eleutherōtheisēs apienai; ei de mē en mią parousią praxōsi, kathʼ hekastēn parousian metensōmatōseōs kata brachy poiēsasas hekastou ergou athemitou tēn ergasian loipon eleutherōthēnai.
And again they say that the souls, if they do it in one embodiment of reincarnation, then go up freed; but if they do not do it in one embodiment, they are freed after doing, little by little in each embodiment, the work of each lawless deed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The deeds may be done in one life or over several.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): ἐλευθερω- θῆναι → ἐλευθερωθῆναι.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.5.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:307–308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.5.8Holl GCS 25/31:308
λέγουσι δὲ πάλιν ὅτι τοῖς ἀξίοις καταξιοῦμεν διηγεῖσθαι, ἵνα πράξωσι τὰ δοκοῦντα εἶναι κακά, οὐκ ὄντα δὲ φύσει κακά. ἵνα μαθόντες ἐλευθερωθῶσι.
legousi de palin hoti tois axiois kataxioumen diēgeisthai, hina praxōsi ta dokounta einai kaka, ouk onta de physei kaka. hina mathontes eleutherōthōsi.
And again they say, “We deem the worthy worthy of being told, so that they may do the things thought to be evil, though not evil by nature, so that having learned they may be freed.”
Notes and citation
Summary: They teach initiates to do seeming evils.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated word): τοῖς ἀξίοις ἀξίοις → τοῖς ἀξίοις.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.5.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.5.9Holl GCS 25/31:308
σφραγῖδα δὲ ἐν καυτῆρι ἢ διʼ ἐπιτηδεύσεως ξυρίου ἢ ῥαφίδος ἐπιτιθέασιν οὗτοι οἱ ἀπὸ Καρποκρᾶ ἐπὶ τὸν δεξιὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ὠτὸς τοῖς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἀπατωμένοις.
sphragida de en kautēri ē diʼ epitēdeuseōs xyriou ē rhaphidos epititheasin houtoi hoi apo Karpokra epi ton dexion lobon tou ōtos tois hypʼ autōn apatōmenois.
These followers of Carpocrates put a seal, by branding or by the use of a razor or needle, on the right lobe of the ear of those they deceive.
Notes and citation
Summary: They brand the right ear of their initiates.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.25.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.25.6 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; echo)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.5.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-5-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 27, chapter 6
27.6.1Holl GCS 25/31:308
Ηλθεν δὲ εἰς ἡμᾶς ἥδη πως Μαρκελλίνα τις ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἀπατηθεῖσα, ἥ πολλοὺς ἐλυμήνατο ἐν χρόνοις Ἀνικήτου ἐπισκόπου Ῥώμης, τοῦ μετὰ τὴν διαδοχὴν Πίου καὶ τῶν ἀνωτέρω.
Ēlthen de eis hēmas hēdē pōs Markellina tis hypʼ autōn apatētheisa, hē pollous elymēnato en chronois Anikētou episkopou Rhōmēs, tou meta tēn diadochēn Piou kai tōn anōterō.
One Marcellina, deceived by them, came to us some time ago; she corrupted many in the times of Anicetus, bishop of Rome, who came after the succession of Pius and those before.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcellina brought the teaching to Rome under Anicetus.
- “Came to us” (εἰς ἡμᾶς) probably means that her story reached us; Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.25.6, reports Marcellina at Rome.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.25.6 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; echo)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.2Holl GCS 25/31:308–309
ἐν Ῥώμῃ γὰρ γεγόνασι πρῶτοι Πέτρος καὶ Παῦλος οἱ ἀπόστολοι αὐτοὶ καὶ ἐπίσκοποι, εἶτα Λίνος εἶτα Κλῆτος εἶτα Κλήμης, σύγχρονος ὥν Πέτρου καὶ Παύλου, οὑ ἐπιμνημονεύει Παῦλος ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἐπιστολῇ.
en Rhōmę̄ gar gegonasi prōtoi Petros kai Paulos hoi apostoloi autoi kai episkopoi, eita Linos eita Klētos eita Klēmēs, synchronos hōn Petrou kai Paulou, hou epimnēmoneuei Paulos en tę̄ pros Rhōmaious epistolę̄.
For at Rome the first were Peter and Paul, the apostles themselves and bishops, then Linus, then Cletus, then Clement, a contemporary of Peter and Paul, whom Paul mentions in the letter to the Romans.
Phil 4:3 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The first bishops of Rome.
- Clement is mentioned in Phil 4:3, not Romans; Epiphanius's slip.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:308–309; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.3Holl GCS 25/31:309
καὶ μηδεὶς θαυμαζέτω ὅτι πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἄλλοι τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν διεδέξαντο ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων, ὄντος τούτου συγχρόνου Πέτρου καὶ Παύλου· καὶ οὑτος γὰρ σύγχρονος γίνεται τῶν ἀποστόλων.
kai mēdeis thaumazetō hoti pro autou alloi tēn episkopēn diedexanto apo tōn apostolōn, ontos toutou synchronou Petrou kai Paulou; kai houtos gar synchronos ginetai tōn apostolōn.
And let no one wonder that others succeeded to the episcopate from the apostles before him, though he was a contemporary of Peter and Paul; for he too was a contemporary of the apostles.
Notes and citation
Summary: Why Clement followed Linus and Cletus.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:309; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.4Holl GCS 25/31:309
εἴτʼ οὖν ἔτι περιόντων αὐτῶν ὑπὸ Πέτρου λαμβάνει τὴν χειροθεσίαν τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς καὶ παραιτησάμενος ἤργει — λέγει γὰρ έν μιᾷ τῶν ἐπιστολῶν αὐτοῦ »ἀναχωρῶ, ἄπειμι, εὐσταθείτω ὁ λαὸς τοῦ θεοῦ«, τισὶ τοῦτο συμβουλεύων εὔρομεν γὰρ ἓν τισιν ὑπομνηματισμοῖς τοῦτο ἐγκείμενον) — ἤτοι μετὰ τὴν τῶν ἀποστόλων τελευτὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ Κλήτου τοῦ ἐπισκόπου οὑτος καθίσταται, οὐ πάνυ σαφῶς ἵσμεν.
eitʼ oun eti periontōn autōn hypo Petrou lambanei tēn cheirothesian tēs episkopēs kai paraitēsamenos ērgei — legei gar en mią tōn epistolōn autou »anachōrō, apeimi, eustatheitō ho laos tou theou«, tisi touto symbouleuōn euromen gar hen tisin hypomnēmatismois touto enkeimenon) — ētoi meta tēn tōn apostolōn teleutēn hypo tou Klētou tou episkopou houtos kathistatai, ou pany saphōs hismen.
Whether, then, while they were still alive, he received the laying on of hands for the episcopate from Peter and, declining it, stood aside—for he says in one of his letters, “I withdraw, I depart; let the people of God be at peace,” giving this counsel to some (for we found this contained in certain memoirs)—or whether he was appointed after the apostles' death by Cletus the bishop, we do not know very clearly.
Notes and citation
Summary: Clement may have declined the episcopate at first.
- The quotation is 1 Clem. 54.2, freely quoted.
Extrabiblical texts: 1 Clem. 54.2 (1 Clement; quotation)
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:309; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.5Holl GCS 25/31:309
πλὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτως ἠδύνατο ἔτι περιόντων τῶν ἀποστόλων, φημὶ δὲ τῶν περὶ Πέτρον καὶ Παῦλον, ἐπισκόπους ἄλλους καθίστασθαι διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἀποστόλους πολλάκις ἐπὶ τὰς ἄλλας πατρίδας στέλλεσθαι τὴν πορείαν ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ Χριοτοῦ κήρυγμα, μὴ δύνασθαι δὲ τὴν Ρωμαίων πόλιν ἄνευ ἐπισκόπου εἶναι.
plēn alla kai houtōs ēdynato eti periontōn tōn apostolōn, phēmi de tōn peri Petron kai Paulon, episkopous allous kathistasthai dia to tous apostolous pollakis epi tas allas patridas stellesthai tēn poreian epi to tou Chriotou kērygma, mē dynasthai de tēn Rōmaiōn polin aneu episkopou einai.
But even so, while the apostles, I mean Peter and Paul, were still alive, other bishops could be appointed, because the apostles often journeyed to other lands to preach Christ, and the city of the Romans could not be without a bishop.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome needed bishops while the apostles traveled.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated word): τὴν τὴν Ρωμαίων → τὴν Ρωμαίων.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:309; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.6Holl GCS 25/31:309–310
ὁ μὲν γὰρ Παῦλος καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν Σπανίαν ἀφικνεῖται, Πέτρος δὲ πολλάκις Πόντον τε καὶ Βιθυνίαν ἐπεσκέψατο. ἐνεχώρει δὲ μετὰ τὸ κατασταθῆναι Κλήμεντα καὶ παραιτήσασθαι εἴ γε οὕτως ἐπράχθη· διανοοῦμαι γάρ, οὐχ ὁρίζομαι) ὔστερον μετὰ τὸ τετελευτηκέναι Λίνον καὶ Κλῆτον, ἐπισκοπεύσαντας πρὸς δεκαδύο ἴτη ἕκαστον μετὰ τὴν τοῦ ἁγίου Πέτρου καὶ Παύλου τελευτὴν τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ δωδεκάτῳ ἔτει Νἐρωνος γενομένην, τοῦτον αὐθις ἀναγκασθῆναι τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν κατασχεῖν.
ho men gar Paulos kai epi tēn Spanian aphikneitai, Petros de pollakis Ponton te kai Bithynian epeskepsato. enechōrei de meta to katastathēnai Klēmenta kai paraitēsasthai ei ge houtōs eprachthē; dianooumai gar, ouch horizomai) ysteron meta to teteleutēkenai Linon kai Klēton, episkopeusantas pros dekadyo itē hekaston meta tēn tou hagiou Petrou kai Paulou teleutēn tēn epi tǭ dōdekatǭ etei Nerōnos genomenēn, touton authis anankasthēnai tēn episkopēn kataschein.
For Paul went even to Spain, and Peter often visited Pontus and Bithynia. And it was possible that, after Clement had been appointed and declined (if it was done so; for I am conjecturing, not asserting), later, after the deaths of Linus and Cletus, who were bishops for twelve years each after the death of holy Peter and Paul in the twelfth year of Nero, he was compelled to take the episcopate again.
Rom 15:24 (allusion, medium confidence) · 1 Pet 1:1 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius conjectures how Clement came to be bishop.
- Paul's journey to Spain: cf. Rom 15:24, 28; 1 Clem. 5.7.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:309–310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.7Holl GCS 25/31:310
ὅμως ἡ τῶν ἐν Ρώμῃ ἐπισκόπων διαδοχὴ ταύτην ἔχει τὴν ἀκολουθίαν· Πέτρος καὶ Παῦλος, Λίνος καὶ Κλῆτος, Κλήμης Εὐάρεστος Ἀλέξανδρος Ξύστος τελέσφορος Ὑγῖνος Πίος Ἀνίκητος, ὁ ἄνω ἐν τῷ καταλόγῳ προδεδηλωμένος. καὶ μή τις θαυμάσῃ ὅτι ἕκαστα οὕτως ἀκριβῶς διήλθομεν· διὰ γὰρ τούτων ἀεὶ τὸ σαφὲς δείκνυται.
homōs hē tōn en Rōmę̄ episkopōn diadochē tautēn echei tēn akolouthian; Petros kai Paulos, Linos kai Klētos, Klēmēs Euarestos Alexandros Xystos telesphoros Hyginos Pios Anikētos, ho anō en tǭ katalogǭ prodedēlōmenos. kai mē tis thaumasę̄ hoti hekasta houtōs akribōs diēlthomen; dia gar toutōn aei to saphes deiknytai.
Yet the succession of bishops at Rome has this sequence: Peter and Paul, Linus and Cletus, Clement, Evarestus, Alexander, Xystus, Telesphorus, Hyginus, Pius, Anicetus, who was mentioned above in the list. And let no one wonder that we have gone through each item so precisely; for through these the clear truth is always shown.
Notes and citation
Summary: The list of Roman bishops to Anicetus.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.3.3.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 3.3.3 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; echo)
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.8Holl GCS 25/31:310
ἐν χρόνοις τοίνυν, ὡς ἔφημεν, Ἀνικήτου ἡ προδεδηλωμένη Μαρκελλίνα ἐν Ῥώμῃ γενομένη τὴν λύμην τῆς Καρποκρᾶ διδασκαλίας ἐξεμέσασα πολλοὺς τῶν ἐκεῖσε λυμηναμένη ἠφάνισε. καὶ ἔνθεν γέγονεν ἀρχὴ Γνωστικῶν τῶν καλουμένων.
en chronois toinyn, hōs ephēmen, Anikētou hē prodedēlōmenē Markellina en Rhōmę̄ genomenē tēn lymēn tēs Karpokra didaskalias exemesasa pollous tōn ekeise lymēnamenē ēphanise. kai enthen gegonen archē Gnōstikōn tōn kaloumenōn.
In the times of Anicetus, then, as we said, the Marcellina already mentioned came to Rome, vomited out the filth of Carpocrates' teaching, corrupted and destroyed many there. And from then came the beginning of the so-called Gnostics.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcellina spread Carpocrates' teaching in Rome.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.9Holl GCS 25/31:310–311
ἔχουσι δὲ εἰκόνας ἐνζωγράφους διὰ χρωμάτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐκ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου καὶ λοιπῆς ὕλης, ἅτινα ἐκτυπώματά φασιν εἶναι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ ταῦτα ὑπὸ Ποντίου Πιλάτου γεγενῆσθαι, τουτέστιν τὰ ἐκτυπώματα τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦ ὅτε ἐνεδήμει τῷ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένει.
echousi de eikonas enzōgraphous dia chrōmatōn, alla kai hoi men ek chrysou kai argyrou kai loipēs hylēs, hatina ektypōmata phasin einai tou Iēsou kai tauta hypo Pontiou Pilatou gegenēsthai, toutestin ta ektypōmata tou autou Iēsou hote enedēmei tǭ tōn anthrōpōn genei.
They have images painted in colors, and some of gold, silver and other material, which they say are portraits of Jesus, made by Pontius Pilate, that is, portraits of Jesus himself when he dwelt among the human race.
Notes and citation
Summary: They keep portraits of Jesus said to be made under Pilate.
- Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.25.6.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Irenaeus, Haer. 1.25.6 (Irenaeus, Against Heresies; echo)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:310–311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.10Holl GCS 25/31:311
κρύβδην δὲ τὰς τοιαύτας ἔχουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ φιλοσόφων τινῶν, Πυθαγόρου καὶ Πλάτωνος καὶ Ἀριστοτέλους καὶ λοιπῶν, μεθʼ ὡν φιλοσόφων καὶ ἕτερα ἐκτυπώματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τιθέασιν, ἱδρύσαντές τε προσκυνοῦσι καὶ τὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐπι- τελοῦσι μυστήρια. στήσαντες γὰρ ταύτας τὰς εἰκόνας τὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἔθη λοιπὸν ποιοῦσι. τίνα δέ ἐστιν <τὰ> ἐθνῶν ἔθη ἀλλʼ ἢ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα;
krybdēn de tas toiautas echousin, alla kai philosophōn tinōn, Pythagorou kai Platōnos kai Aristotelous kai loipōn, methʼ hōn philosophōn kai hetera ektypōmata tou Iēsou titheasin, hidrysantes te proskynousi kai ta tōn ethnōn epi- telousi mystēria. stēsantes gar tautas tas eikonas ta tōn ethnōn ethē loipon poiousi. tina de estin <ta> ethnōn ethē allʼ ē kai ta alla?
They keep these secretly, and also [images] of certain philosophers, Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle and the rest, among which philosophers they also place other portraits of Jesus; and having set them up they worship them and perform the mysteries of the Gentiles. For having set up these images they then follow the customs of the Gentiles. And what are the customs of the Gentiles but the others?
Notes and citation
Summary: They venerate images of Jesus beside philosophers.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.6.11Holl GCS 25/31:311
ψυχῆς δὲ εἶναι μόνης σωτηρίαν φασὶ καὶ οὐχὶ σωμάτων.
psychēs de einai monēs sōtērian phasi kai ouchi sōmatōn.
They say that there is salvation for the soul alone, and not for bodies.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Carpocratians deny the salvation of the body.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.6.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-6-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 27, chapter 7
27.7.1Holl GCS 25/31:311
7. Δεῖ τοίνυν τούτους ἀνατρέπειν παντὶ σθένει· μηδεὶς γὰρ καταφρονείτω λόγου καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ ἀπατεώνων. ἀλλʼ εἴποι τις ἄν· οὐ γάρ ἐστι φωρατὰ καὶ μωρίας ἔμπλεα; ἀλλʼ ἔσθʼ ὅπη καὶ τὰ μωρὰ πείθει τοὺς ἄφρονας καὶ τοὺς συνετοὺς παρεκτρέπει, ἐὰν μὴ παρῇ ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ἠσκημένος. ἐμπεσόντος τοίνυν καὶ τούτου τῇ Σίμωνος μαγείᾳ καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν, τοῖς αὐτοῖς καὶ τοῦτον ἀνατρέψομεν.
7. Dei toinyn toutous anatrepein panti sthenei; mēdeis gar kataphroneitō logou kai malista kata apateōnōn. allʼ eipoi tis an; ou gar esti phōrata kai mōrias emplea? allʼ esthʼ hopē kai ta mōra peithei tous aphronas kai tous synetous parektrepei, ean mē parę̄ ho nous ho en tę̄ alētheią ēskēmenos. empesontos toinyn kai toutou tę̄ Simōnos mageią kai tōn loipōn, tois autois kai touton anatrepsomen.
7. These people, then, must be refuted with all our strength; for let no one despise argument, least of all against deceivers. But someone might say: “Are they not easily detected, and full of folly?” Yet there are times when even foolish things persuade the senseless and lead the intelligent astray, unless a mind trained in the truth is present. Since this man too has fallen into the magic of Simon and of the rest, we shall refute him also with the same arguments.
Notes and citation
Summary: Even foolish teachings must be refuted, since they can mislead.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen, with φ misread for ψ): ἀνατρέ- φομεν → ἀνατρέψομεν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.7.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.7.2Holl GCS 25/31:311
εἰ γὰρ ἡ ἄγνωστος καὶ ἀκατονόμαστος δύναμις αἰτία γέγονεν ἄλλων ἀγγέλων, ἤ ἐστιν ἄγνοια παρὰ τῇ αὐτῇ τουτέστιν τῷ πατρὶ τῶν ὅλων, εἰ μὴ ᾔδει ἅ μέλλουσι πράττειν οἱ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ κατασκευαζόμενοι ἄγγελοι, ἀγνοήσας ὅτι ἀποστήσονται καὶ ποιήσουσιν ἃ μὴ αὐτὸς ἐβούλετο — ἢ τούτους μὲν ἐποίησε γινώσκων ὅτι ποιήσουσιν, ὅ αὐτὸς οὐ βούλεται παρʼ αὐτῶν δὲ γέγονε, καὶ ἔσται διὰ τῆς γνώσεως καὶ εὐδοκίας αὐτὸς ποιήσας ἃ ἐκεῖνοι τετολμήκασιν.
ei gar hē agnōstos kai akatonomastos dynamis aitia gegonen allōn angelōn, ē estin agnoia para tę̄ autę̄ toutestin tǭ patri tōn holōn, ei mē ę̄dei ha mellousi prattein hoi hypʼ autou kataskeuazomenoi angeloi, agnoēsas hoti apostēsontai kai poiēsousin ha mē autos ebouleto — ē toutous men epoiēse ginōskōn hoti poiēsousin, ho autos ou bouletai parʼ autōn de gegone, kai estai dia tēs gnōseōs kai eudokias autos poiēsas ha ekeinoi tetolmēkasin.
For if the unknown and unnameable Power became the cause of other angels, either there is ignorance in that same Power, that is, in the Father of all — if he did not know what the angels constructed by him were going to do, not knowing that they would revolt and do what he himself did not wish — or he made them knowing that they would do what he himself does not wish, yet it came about through them; and then he himself, through his foreknowledge and good pleasure, will be the one who did what they dared to do.
Notes and citation
Summary: If the high Power made the angels, it either did not foresee their revolt or is itself responsible for it.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (leaked page marker; word split by a line-end hyphen): γέγονεν Ι ἄλλων → γέγονεν ἄλλων; ποιή- σουσιν → ποιήσουσιν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.7.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.7.3Holl GCS 25/31:311
εἰ τοίνυν ὡς προεῖπον έγίνωσκε μὲν ἃ ποιήσουσιν, οὐκ ἐβούλετο δὲ ἕνα ποιήσωσι, τίνι τῷ λόγῳ τοὺς πεποιηκότας ἐποίει εἰς τὸ πράττειν ἃ μὴ αὐτὸς ἐβούλετο;
ei toinyn hōs proeipon eginōske men ha poiēsousin, ouk ebouleto de hena poiēsōsi, tini tǭ logǭ tous pepoiēkotas epoiei eis to prattein ha mē autos ebouleto?
If then, as I said before, he knew what they would do but did not wish them to do it, for what reason did he make the makers, so that they would do what he himself did not wish?
Notes and citation
Summary: Why would God make angels to do what he did not wish?
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.7.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.7.4Holl GCS 25/31:311
εἰ δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν πεποίηκε τοὺς ἀγγέλους, ἕνα ποιήσωσι τὰ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν γενόμενα, ἄρα ἤθελε γενέσθαι· διὸ καὶ τοὺς πεποιηκότας προκατεσκεύασεν ἀγγέλους. καὶ εἰ προκατεσκεύασεν εἰς τὸ ποιῆσαι, ἀπαγορεύει δὲ τὰ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν γενόμενα, συκοφαντία ἂν εἴη ἐν μέσῳ.
ei de autos men pepoiēke tous angelous, hena poiēsōsi ta hypʼ autōn genomena, ara ēthele genesthai; dio kai tous pepoiēkotas prokateskeuasen angelous. kai ei prokateskeuasen eis to poiēsai, apagoreuei de ta hypʼ autōn genomena, sykophantia an eiē en mesǭ.
But if he himself made the angels so that they would make the things that came into being through them, then he wished those things to come into being; that is why he prepared in advance the angels who made them. And if he prepared them in advance to make, yet forbids what came into being through them, there would be false accusation in the case.
Notes and citation
Summary: If God meant the angels to create, he cannot fairly condemn their work.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.7.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.7.5Holl GCS 25/31:311–312
εἰ δὲ συνεχώρει μὲν τοῦ ποιεῖν αὐτούς, βούλεται δὲ τὰ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν γενόμενα τουτέστιν ἀνθρώπους καὶ ψυχάς) πάλιν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἀναλαμβάνειν παρὰ τὴν τούτων βούλησιν, ἅρα ἔσται πλεονεξία ἐν μέσῳ καὶ οὐδὲν ἕτερον, ἅρπαζομένων τῶν τῶν τῶν ἀγγέλων * ἀνθρώπων ὑπὸ τοῦ ᾶνωθεν παρὰ τὴν τούτων βούλησιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀδράνεια εἴη, ἐπειδὴ μὴ αὐτὸς δυνάμενος ἑαυτῷ ποιεῖν ἁρπάζει τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ γενομένων γενόμενα.
ei de synechōrei men tou poiein autous, bouletai de ta hypʼ autōn genomena toutestin anthrōpous kai psychas) palin pros heauton analambanein para tēn toutōn boulēsin, hara estai pleonexia en mesǭ kai ouden heteron, harpazomenōn tōn tōn tōn angelōn * anthrōpōn hypo tou anōthen para tēn toutōn boulēsin; alla kai adraneia eiē, epeidē mē autos dynamenos heautǭ poiein harpazei ta hypo tōn hypʼ autou genomenōn genomena.
But if he allowed them to make, yet wishes to take back to himself what came into being through them (that is, human beings and souls) against their will, then there will be nothing in the case but greed, the … human beings of the angels being snatched away by the one above against their will. And it would also be impotence, since, being unable to make for himself, he snatches what was made by those whom he made.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: If God reclaims the angels' creatures against their will, that is greed and weakness.
- The Greek is disturbed here (τῶν is printed three times and a gap is marked before “human beings”); translated by sense.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.7.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:311–312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.7.6Holl GCS 25/31:312
καὶ ἔσται λοιπὸν μῦθος καὶ μωρολογία, τῶν μὲν κάτω δυναμένων ὑπερβῆναι τοὺς ἐν μέσῳ, τοὺς δὲ ἐν μέσω τιμωρεῖσθαι αἐτίους ὄντας τῶν κάτω καὶ τοὺς κάτω ὑπὲρ τοὺς μέσους πρὸς τὸν ἄνω σᾠζεσθαι καὶ ἐλευθεροῦσθαι, λέγω δὴ τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐν τῇδε τῇ κτίσει. εἴη δʼ ἂν ὁ μὲν ἄνω μὴ δυνηθεὶς ποιῆσαι ἀσθενὴς κρινόμενος, οἱ δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι <δυνατοί> δυνάμενοι ποιῆσαι ἅ αὐτὸς μὲν οὐκ ἐβούλετο, ἢ ἐβούλετο καὶ οὐκ ἠδύνατο.
kai estai loipon mythos kai mōrologia, tōn men katō dynamenōn hyperbēnai tous en mesǭ, tous de en mesō timōreisthai aetious ontas tōn katō kai tous katō hyper tous mesous pros ton anō sǭzesthai kai eleutherousthai, legō dē tas psychas tōn en tę̄de tę̄ ktisei. eiē dʼ an ho men anō mē dynētheis poiēsai asthenēs krinomenos, hoi de hypʼ autou genomenoi <dynatoi> dynamenoi poiēsai ha autos men ouk ebouleto, ē ebouleto kai ouk ēdynato.
And for the rest it will be myth and foolish talk: those below able to rise above those in the middle, and those in the middle punished though they are the cause of those below, and those below saved and set free, beyond the middle ones, to the one above — I mean the souls of those in this creation. And the one above, who was unable to make, would be judged weak, while those who came into being through him would be powerful, able to make what he himself either did not wish, or wished and could not.
Notes and citation
Summary: The system makes the highest God weaker than his creatures.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.7.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.7.7Holl GCS 25/31:312
οὐ γὰρ δύναται ὅ ἐκεῖνος ἐπιποθεῖ, εἶναι αὐτῷ κακὸν οὐδὲ ὑπὸ κακῶν γεγονέναι. εἰ γὰρ ἡν κακόν, ἐχρῆν ἀπόλλυσθαι. εἰ δὲ ὅλως μέρος τι τοῦ ἔργου σῴζεται, οὐκέτι τὸ ἔργον φαῦλον, κάν τε μέρος αὐτοῦ σῳζόμενον εὐρίσκοιτο, οὔτε οἱ ποιήσαντες φαῦλοι > τὸ σῳζόμενον τεχνησάμενοι.
ou gar dynatai ho ekeinos epipothei, einai autǭ kakon oude hypo kakōn gegonenai. ei gar hēn kakon, echrēn apollysthai. ei de holōs meros ti tou ergou sǭzetai, ouketi to ergon phaulon, kan te meros autou sǭzomenon euriskoito, oute hoi poiēsantes phauloi > to sǭzomenon technēsamenoi.
For what that one longs for cannot be evil to him, nor have come into being through evil beings. For if it were evil, it ought to perish. But if some part of the work is saved at all, the work is no longer bad; and if a part of it is found to be saved, neither are its makers bad, since they contrived what is saved.
Notes and citation
Summary: If any part of creation is saved, neither it nor its makers are evil.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.7.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-7-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.7.8Holl GCS 25/31:312
εἰ δὲ ὅλως ἐξ ἀγγέλων ἡ Ψυχὴ καὶ ἄνωθεν λαμβάνει δύναμιν παραχθεῖσα, ἄρα γε οἱ ἄγγελοι πλἐον σωτηρίας τεύξονται, ὅτι ἡ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ψυχὴ σῴζεται, ἐκ φαύλων οὐσα. σωζομένης δὲ αὐτᾶς οὐκέτι φαῦλος οὔτε αὐτὴ ἡ Ψυχὴ ἡ γενομένη ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων οὕτε οἱ ἄγγελοι, ἐξ ὡν αὐτὴ ἡ ψυχὴ ὑπάρχει.
ei de holōs ex angelōn hē Psychē kai anōthen lambanei dynamin parachtheisa, ara ge hoi angeloi pleon sōtērias teuxontai, hoti hē apʼ autōn psychē sǭzetai, ek phaulōn ousa. sōzomenēs de autas ouketi phaulos oute autē hē Psychē hē genomenē hypo tōn angelōn houte hoi angeloi, ex hōn autē hē psychē hyparchei.
But if the soul comes from angels at all, and receives power from above when it is produced, then the angels will rather attain salvation, since the soul that comes from them is saved, though it is from bad beings. But if it is saved, then neither is the soul itself that was made by the angels bad any longer, nor the angels from whom the soul itself exists.
Notes and citation
Summary: A saved soul made by angels would clear the angels too.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.7.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-7-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 27, chapter 8
27.8.1Holl GCS 25/31:312
8. Παντὶ δὲ τῷ τὸν νοῦν ἐρρωμένον ἔχοντι ἰστέον ἂν εἴη ὄτι ἀνοίας ἐστὶ τὸ πᾶν τοῦτο ἀγυρτῶδες ἐργαστήριον.
8. Panti de tǭ ton noun errōmenon echonti isteon an eiē oti anoias esti to pan touto agyrtōdes ergastērion.
8. Anyone who has a sound mind must know that this whole charlatan's workshop is a product of folly.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Carpocratian system is folly.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.8.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.8.2Holl GCS 25/31:312–313
καταισχυνθήσονται δὲ αὖθις οὗτοι καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτῶν λόγων. εἰ γὰρ Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἀπὸ παρθένου Μαρίας, ἀλλὰ ἐκ σπέρματος Ἰωσὴφ καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς Μαρίας, σῴζεται δὲ οὑτος, ἄρα καὶ αὐτοὶ σωθήσονται οἱ τοῦτον γεγεννηκότες. καὶ εἰ ἡ Μαρία καὶ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τοῦ δημιουργοῦ ὑπάρχουσιν, ἄρα τὸν δημιουργὸν κτιστὴν <καὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ> καὶ οὐκέτι ἐν ὑστερήματι ἔσται ὁ τὸν Ἰωσὴφ καὶ τὴν Μαρίαν ποιήσας, ἐξ ὧν ὁ Ἰησοῦς παρὰ τοῦ ἄνω ἀγνώστου πατρὸς ὑπάρχει. εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐστὶ καὶ ὁ δημιουργὸς εἷς ἐστι τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἄρα γε ἀτοπήματι τῷ ἐνὶ πάντες περιπεσοῦνται, ὁποίῳ καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι περιπεπτώκασι, καὶ ἀσύστατον εἴη ἂν τὸ παρ αὐτῶν δραματούργημα, δηλητηρίου ἔμπλεον καὶ πάσης ἰώδους διδασκαλίας μεμεστωμένον.
kataischynthēsontai de authis houtoi kai apo tōn allōn autōn logōn. ei gar Iēsous ouk apo parthenou Marias, alla ek spermatos Iōsēph kai tēs autēs Marias, sǭzetai de houtos, ara kai autoi sōthēsontai hoi touton gegennēkotes. kai ei hē Maria kai ho Iōsēph apo tou dēmiourgou hyparchousin, ara ton dēmiourgon ktistēn <kai tou Iēsou> kai ouketi en hysterēmati estai ho ton Iōsēph kai tēn Marian poiēsas, ex hōn ho Iēsous para tou anō agnōstou patros hyparchei. ei de kai autos ho Iēsous apo tōn angelōn esti kai ho dēmiourgos heis esti tōn angelōn, ara ge atopēmati tǭ eni pantes peripesountai, hopoiǭ kai hoi angeloi peripeptōkasi, kai asystaton eiē an to par autōn dramatourgēma, dēlētēriou empleon kai pasēs iōdous didaskalias memestōmenon.
They will be put to shame again by their other doctrines as well. For if Jesus is not from the virgin Mary but from the seed of Joseph and of the same Mary, and he is saved, then those who begot him will also be saved. And if Mary and Joseph come from the Demiurge, then the Demiurge is creator <also of Jesus>, and the one who made Joseph and Mary, from whom Jesus comes, will no longer be in deficiency, since Jesus exists from the unknown Father above. And if Jesus himself is from the angels, and the Demiurge is one of the angels, then all will fall into one and the same absurdity into which the angels have fallen, and their fabricated drama would be incoherent, full of poison and filled with every venomous teaching.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their denial of the virgin birth contradicts their own system.
- The sentence about the Demiurge is compressed in the Greek; translated by sense. Epiphanius reports the Carpocratian claim that Jesus was Joseph's son in order to refute it.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (leaked page marker and ω misread for ν): Ι ἐξ ὧω → ἐξ ὧν.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.8.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:312–313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
27.8.4Holl GCS 25/31:313
ταύτην δὲ αὐθις ὀπίσω τρέψαντες, ὥσπερ δράκοντος κεφαλὴν ξύλῳ τῆς πίστεως καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐπὶ γῆς λακίσαντες, ταῖς ἄλλαις θηριομόρφοις προσπελάσαντες ἐπʼ ὀλέθρῳ * τούτων ἤσκειν ἑαυτοὺς διὰ τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν ἀναγκάσωμεν.
tautēn de authis opisō trepsantes, hōsper drakontos kephalēn xylǭ tēs pisteōs kai tēs alētheias epi gēs lakisantes, tais allais thēriomorphois prospelasantes epʼ olethrǭ * toutōn ēskein heautous dia tēn epangelian anankasōmen.
Having turned this back again, as though we had smashed the serpent's head on the ground with the wood of faith and truth, let us go on to the other beast-shaped heresies, for their destruction … and, because of our promise, let us compel ourselves to continue.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius closes his refutation of the Carpocratians and moves on.
- A gap is marked in the Greek before τούτων ἤσκειν; the end of the sentence is translated by sense.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 27.8.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-27-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 28, chapter 1
28.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:313
Κήρινθος δὲ αὖθις, ἀφʼ οὑπερ οἱ Κηρινθιανοὶ λεγόμενοι, ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς θηριώδους σπορᾶς τὸν ἰὸν τῷ κόσμῳ φέρων ἥκει· σχεδὸν δὲ οὐδὲν ἕτερον παρὰ τὸν προειρημένον Καρποκρᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰ αὐτὰ τῷ κόσμῳ κακοποιὰ φάρμακα ἐκβλαστάνει.
Kērinthos de authis, aphʼ houper hoi Kērinthianoi legomenoi, apo tautēs tēs thēriōdous sporas ton ion tǭ kosmǭ pherōn hēkei; schedon de ouden heteron para ton proeirēmenon Karpokran, alla ta auta tǭ kosmǭ kakopoia pharmaka ekblastanei.
Cerinthus in his turn, from whom come those called Cerinthians, arrives from this beastly seed bringing his poison to the world. He puts forth hardly anything different from the aforementioned Carpocrates, but the same poisons harmful to the world.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus, founder of the Cerinthians, follows Carpocrates.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter error): ταάτης → ταύτης; τὸν ἐὸν → τὸν ἰὸν.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:313
τὰ ἵσα γὰρ τῷ προειρημένῳ εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν συκοφαντήσας ἐξηγεῖται καὶ οὑτος, ἐκ Μαρίας καὶ ἐκ σπέρματος Ἰωσὴφ τὸν Χριστὸν γεγεννῆσθαι καὶ τὸν κόσμον ὁμοίως ὑπὸ ἀγγέλων γεγενῆσθαι.
ta hisa gar tǭ proeirēmenǭ eis ton Christon sykophantēsas exēgeitai kai houtos, ek Marias kai ek spermatos Iōsēph ton Christon gegennēsthai kai ton kosmon homoiōs hypo angelōn gegenēsthai.
For he too, slandering Christ in the same way as the aforementioned, teaches that Christ was born of Mary and of the seed of Joseph, and likewise that the world was made by angels.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus held that Christ was Joseph's son and that angels made the world.
- Epiphanius reports Cerinthus's view in order to reject it.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:313
οὐδὲν γὰρ οὑτος παρὰ τὸν πρῶτον διήλλαξε τῇ εἰσαγωγῇ τῆς αὐτοῦ διδασκαλίας ἀλλʼ ἢ ἐν τούτῳ μόνον, ἐν τῷ προσέχειν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ ἀπὸ μέρους. φάσκει δὲ οὑτος τὸν νόμον καὶ τοὺς προφήτας ὑπὸ ἀγγέλων δεδόσθαι, τὸν δὲ δεδωκότα τὸν νόμον ἕνα εἶναι τῶν ἀγγέλων τῶν τὸν κόσμον πεποιηκότων.
ouden gar houtos para ton prōton diēllaxe tę̄ eisagōgę̄ tēs autou didaskalias allʼ ē en toutǭ monon, en tǭ prosechein tǭ Ioudaïsmǭ apo merous. phaskei de houtos ton nomon kai tous prophētas hypo angelōn dedosthai, ton de dedōkota ton nomon hena einai tōn angelōn tōn ton kosmon pepoiēkotōn.
For in the introduction of his teaching he differed in nothing from the first, except in this alone: that he adhered in part to Judaism. He says that the law and the prophets were given by angels, and that the one who gave the law was one of the angels who made the world.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus kept part of Judaism but ascribed the law to an angel.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:313–314
ἐγένετο δὲ οὑτος ὁ Κήρινθος ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ διατρίβων κἀκεῖσε τοῦ κηρύγματος τὴν ἀρχὴν πεποιημένος.
egeneto de houtos ho Kērinthos en tę̄ Asią diatribōn kakeise tou kērygmatos tēn archēn pepoiēmenos.
This Cerinthus lived in Asia and made the beginning of his preaching there.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus taught in Asia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter error): Ἀοίᾳ → Ἀσίᾳ.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:313–314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:314
ἤδη δὲ περὶ τούτου εἴπαμεν ὡς καὶ οὗτος ἐκήρυττεν οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης καὶ ἄνωθεν δυνάμεως τὸν κόσμον γεγενῆσθαι, ἄνωθεν δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἄνω θεοῦ μετὰ τὸ ἁδρυνθῆναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν, τὸν ἐκ σπέρματος Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Μαρίας γεγεννημένον, κατεληλυθέναι τὸν Χριστὸν εἰς αὐτὸν τοῦτέστι τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐν εἴδει περιστερᾶς ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ καὶ ἀποκαλύψαι αὐτῷ καὶ δί αὐτοῦ τοῖς μετʼ αὐτοῦ τὸν ἄγνωστον πατέρα.
ēdē de peri toutou eipamen hōs kai houtos ekērytten ouk apo tēs prōtēs kai anōthen dynameōs ton kosmon gegenēsthai, anōthen de ek tou anō theou meta to hadrynthēnai ton Iēsoun, ton ek spermatos Iōsēph kai Marias gegennēmenon, katelēlythenai ton Christon eis auton toutesti to pneuma to hagion en eidei peristeras en tǭ Iordanę̄ kai apokalypsai autǭ kai di autou tois metʼ autou ton agnōston patera.
We have already said of him that he too preached that the world did not come into being from the first power above; but that from above, from the God above, after Jesus — born of the seed of Joseph and Mary — had grown up, the Christ, that is, the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove, came down into him in the Jordan and revealed to him, and through him to those with him, the unknown Father.
Matt 3:16 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus taught that the Christ descended on the man Jesus at his baptism.
- The baptism scene alludes to Matt 3:16.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:314
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐπειδὴ ἠλθεν εἰς αὐτὸν ἄνωθεν δύναμις, δυνάμεις ἐπιτετελεκέναι· καὶ αὐτοῦ πεπονθότος τὸ ἐλθὸν ἄνωθεν ἀναπτῆναι ἄνω ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.
kai dia touto epeidē ēlthen eis auton anōthen dynamis, dynameis epitetelekenai; kai autou peponthotos to elthon anōthen anaptēnai anō apo tou Iēsou.
And for this reason, since a power came into him from above, he performed mighty works; and when he suffered, what had come from above flew away upward from Jesus.
Notes and citation
Summary: According to Cerinthus the Christ left Jesus before the passion.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:314
πεπονθότα δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ πάλιν ἐγηγερμένον, Χριστὸν δὲ τὸν ἄνωθεν ἐλθόντα εἰς αὐτὸν ἀπαθῆ ἀναπτάντα, ὅπερ ἐστὶ τὸ κατελθὸν ἐν εἴδει περιστερᾶς, καὶ οὐ τὸν Ἰησοῦν εἶναι Χριστόν.
peponthota de ton Iēsoun kai palin egēgermenon, Christon de ton anōthen elthonta eis auton apathē anaptanta, hoper esti to katelthon en eidei peristeras, kai ou ton Iēsoun einai Christon.
Jesus suffered and was raised again, but the Christ who came into him from above flew away without suffering — this is what came down in the form of a dove — and Jesus is not the Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus separated Jesus from the impassible Christ.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter omission; OCR letter transposition): Ἰσοῦν → Ἰησοῦν; ἄωνθεν → ἄνωθεν; περστερᾶς → περιστερᾶς.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 28, chapter 2
28.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:314
2. Ἐκπέπτωκε δὲ καὶ οὑτος, ὡς ὁρᾶτε πάντες οἱ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐρασταί. φάσκει γὰρ τὸν τὸν νόμον δεδωκότα οὐκ ἀγαθόν, οὗ τῷ νόμῳ πείθεσθαι δοκεῖ, δῆλον δὲ ὅτι ὡς ἀγαθῷ.
2. Ekpeptōke de kai houtos, hōs horate pantes hoi tēs alētheias erastai. phaskei gar ton ton nomon dedōkota ouk agathon, hou tǭ nomǭ peithesthai dokei, dēlon de hoti hōs agathǭ.
2. This man too has fallen away, as all you lovers of truth see. For he says that the one who gave the law is not good, though he appears to obey his law — as a good one, evidently.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus calls the lawgiver not good yet keeps his law.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:314
πῶς οὖν ὁ πονηρὸς τὸν ἀγαθὸν νόμον δέδωκεν; εἰ γὰρ καλὸν τὸ μὴ μοιχεύειν καὶ καλὸν τὸ μὴ φονεύειν; πόσῳ γε μᾶλλον ὁ ἐντειλάμενος βελτίων εἴη, ἐάν γε ὁ μὴ πράξας ἀγαθὸς ὁμολογῆται· πῶς δὲ κατηγορηθήσεται κακὰ πράττων ὁ τὸ ἀγαθὸν συμβουλεύων καὶ ἀγαθὸν διδοὺς νόμον; ἀλλὰ μανιώδης ὁ ἀνὴρ τοιούτοις ἐγχειρῶν.
pōs oun ho ponēros ton agathon nomon dedōken? ei gar kalon to mē moicheuein kai kalon to mē phoneuein? posǭ ge mallon ho enteilamenos beltiōn eiē, ean ge ho mē praxas agathos homologētai; pōs de katēgorēthēsetai kaka prattōn ho to agathon symbouleuōn kai agathon didous nomon? alla maniōdēs ho anēr toioutois encheirōn.
How then did the evil one give the good law? For if it is good not to commit adultery and good not to murder, how much better would the one who commanded it be, if indeed the one who does not do these things is acknowledged to be good! And how shall the one who counsels the good and gives a good law be accused of doing evil? But the man is mad to attempt such things.
Exod 20:13 (allusion, medium confidence) · Exod 20:14 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: A good law cannot come from an evil giver.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:314–315
οὑτος δέ ἐστιν, ἀγαπητοί, εἷς τῶν ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων τὴν ταραχὴν ἐργασαμένων, ὅτε οἱ περὶ Ἰάκωβον γεγράφασιν εἰς τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν ἐπιστολήν, λέγοντες ὅτι »ἔγνωμέν τινας ἐξ ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλθόντας καὶ ταράξαντας ὑμᾶς λόγοις, οἷς οὐ διεστειλάμεθα«·
houtos de estin, agapētoi, heis tōn epi tōn apostolōn tēn tarachēn ergasamenōn, hote hoi peri Iakōbon gegraphasin eis tēn Antiocheian epistolēn, legontes hoti »egnōmen tinas ex hēmōn pros hymas elthontas kai taraxantas hymas logois, hois ou diesteilametha«;
This man, beloved, is one of those who caused the disturbance in the time of the apostles, when James and those with him wrote the letter to Antioch, saying, “We know that some from among us came to you and troubled you with words, whom we did not instruct.”
Acts 15:24 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius identifies Cerinthus with the troublers named in the Jerusalem letter.
- Acts 15:24, quoted freely. The identification of Cerinthus with these troublers is Epiphanius's own.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (a passage of the parallel source on Cerinthus (Irenaeus, with a Latin note) printed in the edition's apparatus has leaked into the quotation of Acts 15:24): ὑμᾶς σίας καὶ ἀγνοούσης τὸν ὑπὲρ πάντα θεόν. τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν ὑπέθετο μὴ ἐκ παρθένου γεγενῆσθαι (+ impossiblie enim hoc ei visum est Ir.), γεγονέναι δὲ αὐτὸν ἐξ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Μαρίας υἱὸν ὁμοίως τοῖς λοιποῖς ἅπασιν ἀνθρώποις, καὶ δικαιότερον γεγονέναι καὶ σοφώτερον. καὶ μετὰ τὸ βάπτισμα κατελθεῖν εἰς αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ὑπὲρ τὰ ὅλα αὐθεντίας τὸν Χριστὸν ἐν εἴδει περιστερᾶς, καὶ τότε κηρῦξαι τὸν ἄγνωστον πατέρα καὶ δυνάμεις ἐπτελέσαι, πρὸς δὲ τῷ τέλει ἀποπτῆναι τὸν Χριστὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τὸν Ἰηοοῦν πεπαμέναι καὶ ἐγηγέρθαι, τὸν δὲ Χριστὸν ἀπαθῆ διαμεμενηκέναι πνευματικὸν ὑπάρχοντα λόγοις → ὑμᾶς λόγοις.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:314–315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:315
καὶ οὑτος εἷς ἐστι τῶν ἀντιστάντων τῷ ἁγίῳ Πέτρῳ, ἐπειδὴ εἰσῆλθε πρὸς Κορνήλιον τὸν ἄγιον, ὅτε μετεστείλατο αὐτὸν καταξιωθεὶς ὀπτασίας ἀγγέλου καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ἐδίσταζε καὶ εἶδεν τὸ ὅραμα τῆς ὀθόνης καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ ἤκουσε παρὰ κυρίου μηδὲν κοινὸν λέγειν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον.
kai houtos heis esti tōn antistantōn tǭ hagiǭ Petrǭ, epeidē eisēlthe pros Kornēlion ton agion, hote metesteilato auton kataxiōtheis optasias angelou kai ho Petros edistaze kai eiden to horama tēs othonēs kai ta en autę̄ kai ēkouse para kyriou mēden koinon legein ē akatharton.
And he is one of those who opposed the holy Peter because he went in to the holy Cornelius, when Cornelius, having been granted a vision of an angel, sent for him, and Peter hesitated, and saw the vision of the sheet and what was in it, and heard from the Lord that he should call nothing common or unclean.
Acts 10:3 (allusion, high confidence) · Acts 10:11 (allusion, high confidence) · Acts 10:15 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus is said to have opposed Peter over Cornelius.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:315
οὑτος οὑν παρεκίνει περὶ τοῦ Πέτρου ἀνελθόντος εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ τὰ πλήθη τῶν ἐκ περιτομῆς λέγων ὅτι »εἰσῆλθε πρὸς ἀκροβυστίαν ἔχοντας«.
houtos houn parekinei peri tou Petrou anelthontos eis Hierousalēm ta plēthē tōn ek peritomēs legōn hoti »eisēlthe pros akrobystian echontas«.
So he stirred up the crowds of the circumcision about Peter when he went up to Jerusalem, saying, “He went in to men who have the foreskin.”
Acts 11:2 (allusion, high confidence) · Acts 11:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus incited the circumcision party against Peter.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter omission): ἀνελθότος → ἀνελθόντος.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:315
ἐποίησε δὲ τοῦτο Κήρινθος πρὶν ἢ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ κηρῦξαι τὸ αὐτοῦ κήρυγμα καὶ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς τὸ περισσότερον τῆς αὐτοῦ ἀπωλείας βάραθρον. διὰ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐμπερίβολον, δῆθεν ἀντιδικίας ἕνεκα τῶν ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ πιστῶν διὰ τῆς περιτομῆς τὴν πρόφασιν ἐθηράσατο.
epoiēse de touto Kērinthos prin ē en tę̄ Asią kēryxai to autou kērygma kai empesein eis to perissoteron tēs autou apōleias barathron. dia gar to einai auton emperibolon, dēthen antidikias heneka tōn en akrobystią pistōn dia tēs peritomēs tēn prophasin ethērasato.
Cerinthus did this before he preached his own message in Asia and fell into the deeper pit of his destruction. For since he was circumcised, he hunted for a pretext through circumcision, supposedly in opposition to the believers who were uncircumcised.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus used circumcision against Gentile believers.
- The printed ἐμπερίβολον makes no sense here; it is translated as ἐμπερίτομον (“circumcised”), which the context requires.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 28, chapter 3
28.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:315
3. Τοῦ δὲ κυρίου πάντοτε τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος ποιουμένου καὶ τὸ σαφὲς τῆς ἀληθείας ἐν τοῖς τῆς ἀληθείας υἱοῖς ἀσφαλιζομένου καὶ δόντος Πέτρῳ τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀποστόλῳ ποιήσασθαι τὸν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς αὐτοῦ ἔλεγχον, φανερὰ γίνεται ἡ τοῦ Κηρίνθου ἄνοια.
3. Tou de kyriou pantote tēn epimeleian tēs anthrōpotētos poioumenou kai to saphes tēs alētheias en tois tēs alētheias huiois asphalizomenou kai dontos Petrǭ tǭ hagiǭ apostolǭ poiēsasthai ton pros auton kai tous autou elenchon, phanera ginetai hē tou Kērinthou anoia.
3. But since the Lord always takes care of humankind and secures the clearness of the truth among the sons of truth, and granted the holy apostle Peter to make the refutation of him and his followers, the folly of Cerinthus becomes plain.
Notes and citation
Summary: Peter's own account refutes Cerinthus.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:315
φησὶ γὰρ ὁ ἅγιος Πέτρος ἤμην ἐν πόλει Ἱόππῃ καὶ εἶδον ἐν μέσῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ περὶ ὥραν ἕκτην ὀθόνην καθιεμένην, δεδεμένην ἐν τέτρασιν ἀρχαῖς, ἐν ᾐ ἦν πάντα τὰ τετράποδα καὶ ἑρπετά. καὶ εἶπέν μοι· θῦσον καὶ φάγε. ἐγὼ δὲ εἶπον· κύριε μηδαμῶς, ὅτι οὐδέποτε κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ στόμα μου. ἀπεκρίθη δέ μοι ἐκ δευτέρου φωνὴ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ· ἃ ὁ θεὸς ἐκαθέρισε, σὺ μὴ κοίνου. καὶ ἐξαυτῆς ἰδοὺ δύο ἄνδρες εἱστήκεισαν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν καὶ εἶπέν μοι τὸ πνεῦμα· πορεύου σὺν αὐτοῖς μηδὲν διακρινόμενος«.
phēsi gar ho hagios Petros ēmēn en polei Hioppę̄ kai eidon en mesę̄ tę̄ hēmerą peri hōran hektēn othonēn kathiemenēn, dedemenēn en tetrasin archais, en ę̄ ēn panta ta tetrapoda kai herpeta. kai eipen moi; thyson kai phage. egō de eipon; kyrie mēdamōs, hoti oudepote koinon ē akatharton eisēlthen eis to stoma mou. apekrithē de moi ek deuterou phōnē ek tou ouranou; ha ho theos ekatherise, sy mē koinou. kai exautēs idou dyo andres heistēkeisan eis tēn oikian kai eipen moi to pneuma; poreuou syn autois mēden diakrinomenos«.
For the holy Peter says, “I was in the city of Joppa, and I saw at midday, about the sixth hour, a sheet let down, bound at four corners, in which were all the four-footed animals and reptiles. And he said to me, ‘Sacrifice and eat.’ But I said, ‘By no means, Lord, for nothing common or unclean has ever entered my mouth.’ And a voice answered me a second time from heaven, ‘What God has cleansed, do not you call common.’ And at once, behold, two men were standing at the house, and the Spirit said to me, ‘Go with them, making no distinction.’”
Acts 11:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 11:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 11:7 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 11:8 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 11:9 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 11:11 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 11:12 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 10:9 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Peter's account of the vision at Joppa.
- Acts 11:5–12, quoted freely, with “about the sixth hour” from Acts 10:9.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter omission and repeated word; word split): ἅγις Πέτρος Πέτρος → ἅγιος Πέτρος; καθιε μένην → καθιεμένην.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:315
καὶ λοιπὸν διηγεῖται, ὡς ἐν παραβολῇ ταῦτα πρὸς αὐτὸν εἴρηται καὶ ὡς τότε ἐδίσταξεν, ἕως ὅτε ὁ κύριος ἐναργῶς ἔδειξεν αὐτῷ ἅ διὰ τῶν λόγων καὶ τύπων αὐτὸν ἐδίδασκεν.
kai loipon diēgeitai, hōs en parabolę̄ tauta pros auton eirētai kai hōs tote edistaxen, heōs hote ho kyrios enargōs edeixen autǭ ha dia tōn logōn kai typōn auton edidasken.
And then he relates that these things were said to him as in a parable, and that he hesitated at the time, until the Lord clearly showed him what he was teaching him through the words and figures.
Acts 10:17 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Peter understood the vision only when the Lord made it clear.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:315–316
εὐθὺς γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἀνοίξαντος τὸ στόμα, ὅτε ἠλθεν εἰς Καισάρειον, ἐπἐπεσε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐπὶ Κορνήλιον. καὶ ἰδὼν ὁ Πέτρος εἶπε μή τι δύναται κωλῦσαι τὸ ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν καταξιωθέντων τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἄγιον λαβεῖν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐξ ἀρχῆς;«
euthys gar autou anoixantos to stoma, hote ēlthen eis Kaisareion, epepese to pneuma to hagion epi Kornēlion. kai idōn ho Petros eipe mē ti dynatai kōlysai to hydōr apo toutōn tōn kataxiōthentōn to pneuma to agion labein, hōs kai hēmeis ex archēs?«
For as soon as he opened his mouth, when he came to Caesarea, the Holy Spirit fell upon Cornelius. And seeing this, Peter said, “Can anyone forbid the water to these who have been counted worthy to receive the Holy Spirit, as we did at the beginning?”
Acts 10:44 (allusion, high confidence) · Acts 10:47 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 11:15 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Spirit falls on Cornelius and Peter permits baptism.
- Acts 10:44–47 combined with Acts 11:15 (“at the beginning”).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter error): πωεῦμα → πνεῦμα.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:315–316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:316
τὸ πᾶν δὲ ἠν τοῦτο μυστήριον καὶ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίας ἔργον, ὅπως ὅ τε ἄγιος Πέτρος πᾶς πᾶς τις γνώσεται ὅτι οὐκ ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων ἡ τῶν ἐθνῶν σωτηρία, ἀλλʼ ἐκ θεοῦ. προῦλαβεν γὰρ ὁ θεὸς δοῦναι τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος καὶ τὴν τοῦ ἀγγέλου ὀπτασίαν καὶ τὴν ἀποδοχὴν τῆς εὐχῆς καὶ νηστειῶν καὶ ἀγαθοποιιῶν, ἵνα ὅ ἐπιστεύθησαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι, μάλιστα ὁ ἅγιος Πέτρος καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπόστολοι, μὴ ἀποστερήσωσιν τὸν ἐκ θεοῦ κατὰ ἀλήθειαν κεκλημένον.
to pan de ēn touto mystērion kai tēs tou theou philanthrōpias ergon, hopōs ho te agios Petros pas pas tis gnōsetai hoti ouk apʼ anthrōpōn hē tōn ethnōn sōtēria, allʼ ek theou. proulaben gar ho theos dounai tēn dōrean tou hagiou pneumatos kai tēn tou angelou optasian kai tēn apodochēn tēs euchēs kai nēsteiōn kai agathopoiiōn, hina ho episteuthēsan hoi apostoloi, malista ho hagios Petros kai hoi loipoi apostoloi, mē aposterēsōsin ton ek theou kata alētheian keklēmenon.
The whole of this was a mystery and a work of God's love for humankind, so that holy Peter and everyone else might know that the salvation of the Gentiles is not from human beings but from God. For God acted first in giving the gift of the Holy Spirit, and the vision of the angel, and the acceptance of prayer, fastings, and good works, so that the apostles, to whom this had been entrusted — especially holy Peter, and the other apostles — should not shut out the one truly called by God.
Acts 10:4 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God himself showed that the Gentiles are to be received.
- πᾶς is printed twice in the Greek; translated by sense.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR misreading): τῶν Μνῶν → τῶν ἐθνῶν.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 28, chapter 4
28.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:316
4. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν τότε ἐπραγματεύθη κινηθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ προειρημένου ψευδαποστόλου Κηρίνθου, ὡς καὶ ἄλλοτε στάσιν αὐτός τε καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐργάσαντο ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ Ἱερουσαλήμ, ὁπηνίκα Παῦλος ἀνῆλθε μετὰ τίτου καὶ ὡς οὗτος ἔφη ὄτι » ἄνδρας ἀκροβύστους εἰσήνεγκε μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ«, ἤδη περὶ Τίτου λέγων, »καὶ κεκοίνωκε φησί) τὸν ἅγιον τόπον‘.
4. Alla tauta men tote epragmateuthē kinēthenta hypo tou proeirēmenou pseudapostolou Kērinthou, hōs kai allote stasin autos te kai hoi metʼ autou ergasanto en autę̄ tę̄ Hierousalēm, hopēnika Paulos anēlthe meta titou kai hōs houtos ephē oti » andras akrobystous eisēnenke methʼ heautou«, ēdē peri Titou legōn, »kai kekoinōke phēsi) ton hagion topon‘.
4. These things, then, were carried on at that time, stirred up by the aforementioned false apostle Cerinthus, as he and those with him also on another occasion raised an uprising in Jerusalem itself, when Paul went up with Titus, and he said, “He has brought uncircumcised men in with him” — speaking of Titus — “and has defiled,” he says, “the holy place.”
Acts 21:28 (allusion, high confidence) · Gal 2:1 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus is blamed for the uproar against Paul in Jerusalem.
- The words echo Acts 21:28; Epiphanius combines this riot with Paul's visit with Titus (Gal 2:1).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated syllables): προειρημένου ειρημένου → προειρημένου.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:316
διὸ καὶ Παῦλος λέγει »ἀλλʼ οὐκὲ Τίτος ὁ σὺν ἐμοί, Ἕλλην ὤν, ἠναγκάσθη περιτμηθῆναι· διὰ δὲ τοὺς παρεισάκτους ψευδαδέλφους. οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον κατασκοπῆσαι τὴν ἐλευθερία, ’ ἡμῶν ἥν ἔχομεν ἐν Χριστῷ, οἷς οὐδὲ πρὸς ὥραν τῇ ὑποταγῇ«· καὶ τοῖς ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ παραγγέλλων ἔλεγενε μὴ περιτέμνεσθε·
dio kai Paulos legei »allʼ ouke Titos ho syn emoi, Hellēn ōn, ēnankasthē peritmēthēnai; dia de tous pareisaktous pseudadelphous. hoitines pareisēlthon kataskopēsai tēn eleutheria, ’ hēmōn hēn echomen en Christǭ, hois oude pros hōran tę̄ hypotagę̄«; kai tois en akrobystią parangellōn elegene mē peritemnesthe;
That is why Paul says, “But not even Titus who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised — but because of the false brothers secretly brought in, who slipped in to spy out our freedom which we have in Christ, to whom not even for an hour did we yield in subjection.” And instructing those in uncircumcision he said, “Do not be circumcised;
Gal 2:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Gal 2:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Gal 2:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Gal 5:2 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul's refusal to circumcise Titus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated syllable): πρὸς κρὸς ὥραν → πρὸς ὥραν.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:316
ὅτι ἐὰν περιτέμνησθε, Χριστὸς ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ὠφελήει« διήρκεσε δὲ ἡ περιτομὴ χρόνῳ ὑπηρετήσασα, ἕως ἡ μείζων περιτομὴ παρεγένετο, τουτέστιν τὸ· λουτρὸν τῆς παλιγγενεσίας, ὡς παντί τῳ δῆλόν ἐστι καὶ σαφέστερον δείκνυται ἀπὸ τῶν παρὰ τοῖς ἀποστόλοις εἰρημένων, μάλιστα παρὰ τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀποστόλῳ Παύλῳ· φάσκει γὰρ οὕτως »οἷς οὐδὲ πρὸς ὥραν εἴξαμεν τῇ ὑποταγῇ«.
hoti ean peritemnēsthe, Christos hymas ouden ōphelēei« diērkese de hē peritomē chronǭ hypēretēsasa, heōs hē meizōn peritomē paregeneto, toutestin to; loutron tēs palingenesias, hōs panti tǭ dēlon esti kai saphesteron deiknytai apo tōn para tois apostolois eirēmenōn, malista para tǭ hagiǭ apostolǭ Paulǭ; phaskei gar houtōs »hois oude pros hōran eixamen tę̄ hypotagę̄«.
for if you are circumcised, Christ will profit you nothing.” Circumcision lasted, serving for a time, until the greater circumcision came, that is, the washing of regeneration, as is plain to everyone and is shown still more clearly from what was said by the apostles, especially by the holy apostle Paul; for he says thus: “to whom we did not yield in subjection even for an hour.”
Gal 5:2 (quotation, high confidence) · Titus 3:5 (allusion, high confidence) · Gal 2:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Circumcision served until the washing of regeneration replaced it.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:316–317
παντὶ δὲ τῷ βουλομένῳ κατανοεῖν τὰ παρὰ τοῖς ἀποστόλοις τότε πεπραγματευμένα θαυμάσαι ἔπεστι, πῶς τὰ παρὰ τῇ αἱρέσει ταύτῃ ἐξ ἐπιπνοίας πνεύματος πλάνης ἐνεργηθέντα τὸν χαρακτῆρα ὑποδείκνυσι τῶν διὰ τῶν αἱρέσεων τούτων ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις τὴν κίνησιν ἐργασαμένων.
panti de tǭ boulomenǭ katanoein ta para tois apostolois tote pepragmateumena thaumasai epesti, pōs ta para tę̄ hairesei tautę̄ ex epipnoias pneumatos planēs energēthenta ton charaktēra hypodeiknysi tōn dia tōn haireseōn toutōn en tois apostolois tēn kinēsin ergasamenōn.
Anyone who wishes to consider what was done among the apostles at that time may well marvel at how the things worked in this heresy by the inspiration of the spirit of error display the character of those who, through these heresies, caused the disturbance among the apostles.
Notes and citation
Summary: The heresy reflects the troublers of the apostolic age.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split by a line-end hyphen): πλά- νης → πλάνης.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:316–317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.4.5Holl GCS 25/31:317
ἀποστάντων γὰρ τούτων καὶ εἰς ψευδαποστόλους τραπέντων <καὶ> ἄλλους ἀποστειλάντων ὡς καὶ ἤδη προείρηται εἰς τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν ἐν ἀρχῇ καὶ εἰς ἄλλους τόπους, λἐγοντας ὅτι »ἐὰν μὴ περιτμηθῆτε καὶ φυλάξητε τὸν νόμον Μωυσέως, οὐ δύνασθε σωθῆναι«, οὐχ ἡ τυχοῦσα τότε ταραχὴ ἐγένετο ὡς προείρηται.
apostantōn gar toutōn kai eis pseudapostolous trapentōn <kai> allous aposteilantōn hōs kai ēdē proeirētai eis tēn Antiocheian en archę̄ kai eis allous topous, legontas hoti »ean mē peritmēthēte kai phylaxēte ton nomon Mōyseōs, ou dynasthe sōthēnai«, ouch hē tychousa tote tarachē egeneto hōs proeirētai.
For when these had withdrawn and turned into false apostles, <and> had sent others, as has already been said, to Antioch at the beginning and to other places, saying, “Unless you are circumcised and keep the law of Moses, you cannot be saved,” no ordinary disturbance arose, as has been said.
Acts 15:1 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The false apostles demanded circumcision of Gentile believers.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.4.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.4.6Holl GCS 25/31:317
καὶ οὑτοί εἰσιν οἱ παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ Παύλῳ εἰρημένοι »ψευδαπόστολοι, ἐργάται δόλιοι, μετασχηματιζόμενοι εἰς ἀποστόλους Χριστοῦ«.
kai houtoi eisin hoi para tǭ apostolǭ Paulǭ eirēmenoi »pseudapostoloi, ergatai dolioi, metaschēmatizomenoi eis apostolous Christou«.
And these are the ones spoken of by the apostle Paul as “false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ.”
2 Cor 11:13 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: These are Paul's false apostles.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter omission): ἐράται → ἐργάται.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.4.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 28, chapter 5
28.5.1Holl GCS 25/31:317
5. Χρῶνται γὰρ τῷ κατὰ Ματθαῖον εὐαγγελίῳ — ἀπὸ μέρους καὶ οὐχὶ ὅλῳ, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν γενεαλογίαν τὴν ἔνσαρκον — καὶ ταύτην μαρτυρίαν φέρουσιν, ἀπὸ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου πάλιν λέγοντες ὅτι »ἀρκετὸν τῷ μαθητῇ ἵνα γένηται ὡς ὁ διδάσκαλος«. τί οὑν, φησί;
5. Chrōntai gar tǭ kata Matthaion euangeliǭ — apo merous kai ouchi holǭ, alla dia tēn genealogian tēn ensarkon — kai tautēn martyrian pherousin, apo tou euangeliou palin legontes hoti »arketon tǭ mathētę̄ hina genētai hōs ho didaskalos«. ti houn, phēsi?
5. For they use the Gospel according to Matthew — in part and not the whole, but for the sake of the genealogy according to the flesh — and they bring this as testimony, quoting again from the Gospel: “It is enough for the disciple to become like the teacher.” What then, he says?
Matt 10:25 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Cerinthians use part of Matthew's Gospel.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter error): εὐαγγελίου πόλιν → εὐαγγελίου πάλιν.
Topics: Heresy, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.5.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.5.2Holl GCS 25/31:317
περιετμήθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς, περιτμήθητι καὶ αὐτός. Χριστὸς κατὰ νόμον. φησίν, ἐπολιτεύσατο, καὶ αὐτὸς τὰ ἵσα ποίησον. ὅθεν καί τινες ἐκ τούτων ὡς ὑπὸ δηλητηρίων ὑφαρπαχθέντες πείθονται ταῖς πιθανολογίαις διὰ τὸ τὸν Χριστὸν περιτετμῆσθαι.
perietmēthē ho Iēsous, peritmēthēti kai autos. Christos kata nomon. phēsin, epoliteusato, kai autos ta hisa poiēson. hothen kai tines ek toutōn hōs hypo dēlētēriōn hypharpachthentes peithontai tais pithanologiais dia to ton Christon peritetmēsthai.
“Jesus was circumcised: be circumcised yourself. Christ,” he says, “lived according to the law: do the same yourself.” Hence some of them, carried off as if by poisons, are persuaded by these plausible arguments because Christ was circumcised.
Luke 2:21 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They argue for circumcision from Christ's own circumcision.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.5.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.5.3Holl GCS 25/31:317–318
τὸν δὲ Παῦλον άθετοῦσι διὰ τὸ μὴ πείθεσθαι τῇ περιτομῇ. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκβάλλουσιν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ εἰρηκέναι »ὅσοι ἐν νόμῳ δικαιοῦσθε, τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσατε«, καὶ ὅτι »ἐὰν περιτέμνησθε, Χριστὸς ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ὤφελήσει«.
ton de Paulon athetousi dia to mē peithesthai tę̄ peritomę̄. alla kai ekballousin auton dia to eirēkenai »hosoi en nomǭ dikaiousthe, tēs charitos exepesate«, kai hoti »ean peritemnēsthe, Christos hymas ouden ōphelēsei«.
But they reject Paul because he does not submit to circumcision. They even cast him out because he said, “You who are justified by the law have fallen from grace,” and “If you are circumcised, Christ will profit you nothing.”
Gal 5:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Gal 5:2 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Cerinthians reject Paul.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.5.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:317–318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 28, chapter 6
28.6.1Holl GCS 25/31:318
6. οὗτος δὲ ὁ Κήρινθος ἀνόητος καὶ ἀνοήτων διδάσκαλος φάσκει πάλιν τολμήσας Χριστὸν πεπονθέναι καὶ ἐσταυρῶσθαι, μήπω δὲ ἐγηγέρθαι, μέλλειν δὲ ἀνίστασθαι ὅταν ἡ καθόλου γένηται νεκρῶν ἀνάστασις.
6. houtos de ho Kērinthos anoētos kai anoētōn didaskalos phaskei palin tolmēsas Christon peponthenai kai estaurōsthai, mēpō de egēgerthai, mellein de anistasthai hotan hē katholou genētai nekrōn anastasis.
6. This Cerinthus, senseless and a teacher of the senseless, again ventures to say that Christ suffered and was crucified but has not yet been raised, and that he will rise when the general resurrection of the dead takes place.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cerinthus is said to deny that Christ has yet been raised.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR misreading): ἷτος → οὗτος.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.6.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.6.2Holl GCS 25/31:318
ἀσύστατα τοίνυν ταῦτα παρὰ τούτοις, τά τε ῥήματα καὶ νοήματα. ὅθεν κοὶ ὁ ἀπόστολος ἐκπληττόμενος τοῖς μὲν ἀπιστοῦσι τῇ ἀναστάσει τῶν νεκρῶν τῇ μελλούσῃ ἔσεσθαι ἔλεγεν »εἰ νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται« καὶ τό »φάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν· αὔριον γὰρ άποθνᾐσκομεν« καὶ τό μὴ πλανᾶσθε· φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί«.
asystata toinyn tauta para toutois, ta te rhēmata kai noēmata. hothen koi ho apostolos ekplēttomenos tois men apistousi tę̄ anastasei tōn nekrōn tę̄ mellousę̄ esesthai elegen »ei nekroi ouk egeirontai, oude Christos egēgertai« kai to »phagōmen kai piōmen; aurion gar apothnę̄skomen« kai to mē planasthe; phtheirousin ēthē chrēsta homiliai kakai«.
These things are incoherent among them, both their words and their ideas. Hence the apostle too, astonished, said to those who disbelieve the resurrection of the dead that is to come, “If the dead are not raised, neither has Christ been raised,” and “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die,” and “Do not be deceived: bad company corrupts good morals.”
1 Cor 15:16 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 15:32 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 15:33 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul answered those who denied the resurrection.
- 1 Cor 15:16, 32, 33; the last line is itself a quotation of Menander's Thais.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter omission): τόνυν → τοίνυν.
Extrabiblical texts: Menander, Thais (Menander, Thais; echo)
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.6.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.6.3Holl GCS 25/31:318
πάλιν δὲ τοῖς λέγουσι τὸν Χριστὸν μηδέπω ἐγηγερμένον ὡσαύτως τὸν ἔλεγχον ἐπιφέρει λέγων »εἰ Χριστὸς οὐκ ἐγήγερται, μάταιον τὸ κήρυγμα ἡμῶν, ματαία καὶ ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν. εὑρισκόμεθα δὲ καὶ ψευδομάρτυρες τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅτι ἐμαρτυρήσαμεν κατὰ τοῦ > ὅτι ἤγειρεν τὸν Χριστόν, εἴπερ οὐκ ἤγειρεν«. * ὡς τῶν μὲν] ἀποστόλων κηρυττόντων Χριστὸν μὲν > ἐγηγέρθαι, νεκροὺς δὲ μὴ ἐγείρεσθαι.
palin de tois legousi ton Christon mēdepō egēgermenon hōsautōs ton elenchon epipherei legōn »ei Christos ouk egēgertai, mataion to kērygma hēmōn, mataia kai hē pistis hēmōn. heuriskometha de kai pseudomartyres tou theou, hoti emartyrēsamen kata tou > hoti ēgeiren ton Christon, eiper ouk ēgeiren«. * hōs tōn men] apostolōn kēryttontōn Christon men > egēgerthai, nekrous de mē egeiresthai.
Again, against those who say that Christ has not yet been raised he likewise brings the refutation, saying, “If Christ has not been raised, our preaching is vain, and our faith is also vain. And we are found to be false witnesses of God, because we testified against God that he raised Christ, if he did not raise him.” … as though the apostles preached that Christ had been raised, but that the dead are not raised.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
1 Cor 15:14 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 15:15 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul's argument that Christ's resurrection guarantees the resurrection of the dead.
- A gap is marked in the Greek before the last clause, and a word is missing after κατὰ τοῦ (supply “God”).
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.6.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.6.4Holl GCS 25/31:318
ἐν ταύτῃ γὰρ τῇ πατρίδι, φημὶ δὲ Ἀσίᾳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῇ Γαλατίᾳ πάνυ ἤκμασε τὸ τούτων διδασκαλεῖον, ἐν ᾗ καί τι παραδόσεως πρᾶγμα ἠλθεν εἰς ἡμᾶς, ὡς τινῶν μὲν παρʼ αὐτοῖς προφθανόντων τελευτῆσαι ἄνευ βαπτίσματος, ἄλλους δὲ ἀντʼ αὐτῶν εἰς ὄνομα ἐκείνων βαπτίζεσθαι, ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει ἀναστάντας αὐτοὺς δίκην δοῦναι τιμωρίας βάπτισμα μὴ εἰληφότας, γίνεσθαι δὲ ὑποχειρίους τῆς τοῦ κοσμοποιοῦ ἐξουσίας.
en tautę̄ gar tę̄ patridi, phēmi de Asią, alla kai en tę̄ Galatią pany ēkmase to toutōn didaskaleion, en hę̄ kai ti paradoseōs pragma ēlthen eis hēmas, hōs tinōn men parʼ autois prophthanontōn teleutēsai aneu baptismatos, allous de antʼ autōn eis onoma ekeinōn baptizesthai, hyper tou mē en tę̄ anastasei anastantas autous dikēn dounai timōrias baptisma mē eilēphotas, ginesthai de hypocheirious tēs tou kosmopoiou exousias.
For in this country — I mean Asia — and in Galatia too, their school flourished greatly. And in it a matter of tradition has come down to us: that when some among them died first without baptism, others were baptized in their place, in their names, so that at the resurrection they would not pay the penalty of punishment for not having received baptism, and become subject to the authority of the world-maker.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Cerinthians practised baptism on behalf of the dead.
- Epiphanius reports this as a tradition that has reached him.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR misreading of ᾗ as digits): ἐν 012 καί → ἐν ᾗ καί.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.6.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.6.5Holl GCS 25/31:318
καὶ τούτου ἕνεκα ἡ παράδοσις ἡ ἐλθοῦσα εἰς ἡμᾶς φησι τὸν αὐτὸν ἅγιον ἀπόστολον εἰρηκέναι »εἰ ὅλως νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, τί καὶ βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν;‘ καλῶς δὲ ἄλλοι τὸ ῥητὸν ἑρμηνεύοντές φασιν ὅτι οἱ μέλλοντες τελευτᾶν, ἐπὰν ὠσι κατηχούμενοι, ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ ἐλπίδι πρὸ τῆς τελευτῆς λουτροῦ καταξιοῦνται, δεικνύντες ὅτι ὁ τελευτήσας καὶ ἀναστήσεται καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐπιδέεται τῆς διὰ τοῦ λουτροῦ ἀφέσεως ἁμαρτημάτων.
kai toutou heneka hē paradosis hē elthousa eis hēmas phēsi ton auton hagion apostolon eirēkenai »ei holōs nekroi ouk egeirontai, ti kai baptizontai hyper autōn?‘ kalōs de alloi to rhēton hermēneuontes phasin hoti hoi mellontes teleutan, epan ōsi katēchoumenoi, epi tautę̄ tę̄ elpidi pro tēs teleutēs loutrou kataxiountai, deiknyntes hoti ho teleutēsas kai anastēsetai kai dia touto epideetai tēs dia tou loutrou apheseōs hamartēmatōn.
And on this account the tradition that has reached us says that the same holy apostle said, “If the dead are not raised at all, why then are people baptized on their behalf?” But others interpret the saying well, saying that those about to die, if they are catechumens, are counted worthy of the washing before their death in this hope, showing that the one who has died will also rise, and for this reason needs the forgiveness of sins through the washing.
1 Cor 15:29 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Two explanations of baptism on behalf of the dead.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated syllables): κατηχούμενοι, χούμενοι, → κατηχούμενοι,.
Topics: Baptism, Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.6.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.6.6Holl GCS 25/31:318
τούτων δὲ οἱ μὲν τὸν Χριστὸν μηδέπω ἐγηγέρθαι κεκηρύχασιν, ἀνίστασθαι δὲ μετὰ πάντων, οἱ δὲ ὅτι ὅλως νεκροὶ οὐκ ἀναστήσονται.
toutōn de hoi men ton Christon mēdepō egēgerthai kekērychasin, anistasthai de meta pantōn, hoi de hoti holōs nekroi ouk anastēsontai.
Of these, some have preached that Christ has not yet been raised but will rise with all, and others that the dead will not rise at all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Two errors about the resurrection.
Topics: Eschatology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.6.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.6.7Holl GCS 25/31:318–319
διὸ μέσος χωρήσας ὁ ἀπόστολος πρὸς ἀμφοτέρους τούτους καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς αἱρέσεις ἐν τῇ μιᾷ ἐργασίᾳ τὴν ἀνατροπὴν πεποίηται ἐν τῇ περὶ νεκρῶν † ἀναστὰσει καὶ ἐν ταῖς μαρτυρίαις αἷς κατὰ λεπτότητα διεξιὼν τὴν βεβαίαν σύστασιν ἐποιήσατο τῆς τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεως καὶ σωτηρίας καὶ ἐλπίδος,
dio mesos chōrēsas ho apostolos pros amphoterous toutous kai tas loipas haireseis en tę̄ mią ergasią tēn anatropēn pepoiētai en tę̄ peri nekrōn † anastasei kai en tais martyriais hais kata leptotēta diexiōn tēn bebaian systasin epoiēsato tēs tōn nekrōn anastaseōs kai sōtērias kai elpidos,
Therefore the apostle, taking a middle course toward both of these and the other heresies, made the refutation in one piece of work, in his treatment of the resurrection of the dead, and in the testimonies in which, going through them in detail, he established firmly the resurrection, salvation, and hope of the dead,
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
1 Cor 15:12 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul's chapter on the resurrection refutes all these errors.
- The editor marks ἀναστάσει as corrupt; the sense is clear from 1 Cor 15.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray letter; word split by a line-end hyphen): ἀπό- στολος → ἀπόστολος; τιῇ → τῇ.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.6.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:318–319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-6-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
28.6.8Holl GCS 25/31:319
φάσκων »δεῖ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀθανασίαν« καὶ πάλιν ὅτι »Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἀπαρχὴ τῶν κεκοιμημένων«, ἵνα τὰς ἀμφοτέρας σχέσεις τῶν αἱρέσεων ἐλέγξας τὸ ἀμόλυντον τῆς διδασκαλίας κήρυγμα ἐξ ἀληθείας διδάξῃ τοὺς βουλομένους εἰδέναι τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἀλήθειαν καὶ σωτηριώδη διδασκαλίαν.
phaskōn »dei to phtharton touto endysasthai aphtharsian kai to thnēton touto endysasthai athanasian« kai palin hoti »Christos egēgertai aparchē tōn kekoimēmenōn«, hina tas amphoteras scheseis tōn haireseōn elenxas to amolynton tēs didaskalias kērygma ex alētheias didaxę̄ tous boulomenous eidenai tēn tou theou alētheian kai sōtēriōdē didaskalian.
saying, “This perishable must put on imperishability, and this mortal must put on immortality,” and again, “Christ has been raised, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep,” so that, having refuted both positions of the heresies, he might teach in truth the undefiled proclamation of the doctrine to those who wish to know God's truth and saving teaching.
1 Cor 15:53 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 15:20 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul refutes both errors on the resurrection.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR letter omission; OCR letter transposition; words run together): καὶτὸ → καὶ τὸ; ἀθανασίνα → ἀθανασίαν; διδασκαλαν → διδασκαλίαν.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 28.6.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/27-2-1/#p-28-6-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.