2 Esdras in the early church
[in the ETH canon]
Texts outside the 66 books of the Protestant Bible. A bracket shows which other churches include a book in their Old Testament canon: RC = Roman Catholic, EO = Eastern Orthodox, ETH = Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo.
In an appendix of the Latin Vulgate (as 4 Esdras); in the Ethiopian Bible as Ezra Sutuel. To be checked.
Not the same as LXX 2 Esdras (= Ezra–Nehemiah) or Vulgate 2 Esdras (= Nehemiah).
12 passages cite it, in date order.
| Passage | Cites | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epistle of Barnabas 12.1 · Anonymous | 5.5 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| Against Heresies 3.21.2 · Irenaeus of Lyons | 14.21 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Miscellanies 1.22.149 · Clement of Alexandria | 14.19–48 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 3.16.100 · Clement of Alexandria | 5.35 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| On the Dress of Women 1.3 · Tertullian | 14.19-48 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197–206 |
| Lines 933–956 · Commodian | 13.39–47 | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Instructions 2.1 · Commodian | 13.39-47 | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| To Demetrian 3 · Cyprian of Carthage | 14.10 | echo, low confidence | 252–253 |
| Church History 5.8.15 · Eusebius of Caesarea | 14 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 300–325 |
| Letter 42 · Basil of Caesarea | 14.37-48 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| On the Christian Faith 3.3 · Ambrose | 4.1 | echo, low confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| Against Vigilantius 6 · Jerome | 7.102-115 | allusion, high confidence | 406 |