On Illustrious Men 23–68
Latin text: Migne, PL 23 (Latin text: Migne, Patrologia Latina, vol. 23, digitized by Open Greek and Latin (patrologia_latina-dev, University of Leipzig), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0). Compare: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 2, vol. 3 (1892).
Chapter 23
23PL 23:656c–657b
Justinus philosophus, habitu quoque philosophorum incedens, de Neapoli urbe Palaestinae patre Prisco Bacchio, pro religione Christi plurimum laboravit: in tantum, ut Antonino quoque Pio, et filiis ejus, et senatui librum contra gentes scriptum daret, ignominiamque crucis non erubesceret; et alium librum successoribus ejusdem Antonini, M. Antonino Vero et L. Aurelio Commodo. Exstat ejus aliud volumen contra gentes, ubi de daemonum quoque natura disputat: et quartum adversus gentes, cui titulum praenotavit "Ελεγχος: sed et alius de Monarchia Dei, et alius liber, quem praenotavit Psalten, et alius de Anima. Dialogus contra Judaeos, quem habuit adversus Tryphonem principem Judaeorum: sed et contra Marcionem insignia volumina, quorum Irenaeus quoque quarto adversus Haereses libro meminit: et alius liber contra omnes haereses, cujus facit mentionem in Apologetico, quem dedit Antonino Pio. Hic cum in urbe Roma haberet διατριβάς, et Crescentem Cynicum, qui multa adversum Christianos blasphemabat, redargueret gulosum, et mortis timidum, luxuriaeque et libidinum sectatorem, ad extremum studio ejus et insidiis accusatus, quod Christianus esset, pro Christo sanguinem fudit.
Justin, a philosopher, who even went about in the dress of philosophers, from Neapolis, a city of Palestine, his father being Priscus Bacchius, laboured greatly for the religion of Christ; so much so that he gave Antoninus Pius too, his sons, and the senate a book written against the pagans, and was not ashamed of the shame of the cross; and another book to the successors of the same Antoninus, Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. There survives another volume of his against the pagans, in which he also discusses the nature of demons; and a fourth against the pagans, which he entitled Refutation; and another On the Monarchy of God, and another book which he entitled The Psalmist, and another On the Soul; the Dialogue against the Jews, which he held against Trypho, a leader of the Jews; and also notable volumes against Marcion, which Irenaeus too mentions in the fourth book Against Heresies; and another book against all heresies, which he mentions in the Apology he gave to Antoninus Pius. When he was holding a school in the city of Rome and was refuting Crescens the Cynic, who uttered many blasphemies against the Christians, as a glutton, afraid of death, and a follower of luxury and lusts, at last, accused by his efforts and plots of being a Christian, he shed his blood for Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin Martyr's apologies, Dialogue with Trypho and other works are listed; he was denounced by Crescens the Cynic and martyred.
- Migne's inline glosses '(Apologia longior)', '(Altera brevior)', '(Oratio ad Graecos)' are removed. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 4.6.2; Justin, 1 Apol. 26.8. The works On the Monarchy and the Oration to the Greeks have ids here as works ascribed to Justin.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Migne's inline reference or marginal note leaked into the text; OCR slip in the digital text): Justinos philosophus → Justinus philosophus; trenaeus → Irenaeus; δια- τριβά; → διατριβάς; luxuriae que → luxuriaeque; sanguinem fudit· → sanguinem fudit.; (Apotogia longior) → ; (Altera brevior) → ; (Oratio ad Grcecos) → .
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 1 Apol. 26.8 (First Apology; allusion); Justin, 2 Apol. (Second Apology; allusion); Justin, Dial. (Dialogue with Trypho; allusion); Ps.-Justin, Or. Graec. (Discourse to the Greeks; allusion); Ps.-Justin, Mon. (On the Sole Government of God; allusion); Irenaeus, Haer. 4.6.2 (Against Heresies; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 23 (PL 23:656c–657b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 24
24PL 23:657b–658a
Melito Asianus, Sardensis episcopus, librum imperatori M. Antonino Vero, qui Frontonis oratoris discipulus fuit, pro Christiano dogmate dedit. Scripsit quoque et alia, de quibus ista sunt, quae subjecimus: de Pascha libros duos, de Vita prophetarum librum unum, de Ecclesia librum unum, de Die Dominica librum unum, de Sensibus librum unum, de Fide librum unum, de Plasmate librum unum, de Anima et Corpore librum unum, de Baptismate librum unum, de Veritate librum unum, de Generatione Christi librum unum, de Prophetia sua librum unum, de Philoxenia librum unum, et alium librum qui Clavis inscribitur; de Diabolo librum unum, de Apocalypsi Joannis librum unum, περί Ενσωμάτου Θεού librum unum, et Εκλογών libros sex. Hujus elegans et declamatorium ingenium Tertullianus in septem libris, quos scripset adversus Ecclesiam pro Montano, cavillatur, dicens eum a plerisque nostrorum prophetam putari.
Melito of Asia, bishop of Sardis, gave a book for Christian doctrine to the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus, who was a pupil of the orator Fronto. He also wrote other things, of which these are the ones we add: On the Pascha, two books; On the Life of the Prophets, one book; On the Church, one book; On the Lord's Day, one book; On the Senses, one book; On Faith, one book; On Creation, one book; On Soul and Body, one book; On Baptism, one book; On Truth, one book; On the Generation of Christ, one book; On His Prophecy, one book; On Hospitality, one book; and another book which is entitled The Key; On the Devil, one book; On the Apocalypse of John, one book; On God Embodied, one book; and Extracts, six books. Tertullian, in the seven books which he wrote against the church on behalf of Montanus, mocks his elegant and declamatory talent, saying that he is thought a prophet by most of our people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Melito of Sardis presented an apology to Marcus Aurelius and wrote many works, including On the Pascha.
- The list follows Eusebius, Church History 4.26. Tertullian's seven books On Ecstasy are lost.
Extrabiblical texts: Melito of Sardis, Melito (Melito of Sardis (fragments); allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.26 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 24 (PL 23:657b–658a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 25
25PL 23:658a–658b
Theophilus, sextus Antiochensis Ecclesiae episcopus, sub imperatore M. Antonino Vero librum contra Marcionem composuit, qui usque hodie exstat. Feruntur ejus et ad Autolycum tria volumina, et contra haeresim Hermogenis liber unus: et alii breves elegantesque tractatus ad aedificationem Ecclesiae pertinentes. Legi sub nomine ejus in Evangelium et in Proverbia Salomonis Commentarios, qui mihi cum superiorum voluminum elegantia et phrasi non videntur congruere.
Theophilus, sixth bishop of the church of Antioch, composed under the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus a book against Marcion, which survives to this day. Three volumes To Autolycus are also ascribed to him, and one book against the heresy of Hermogenes, and other short and elegant treatises belonging to the building up of the church. I have read under his name commentaries on the Gospel and on the Proverbs of Solomon, which do not seem to me to agree with the elegance and style of the earlier volumes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theophilus of Antioch wrote against Marcion and Hermogenes and three books To Autolycus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): aedifirationem → aedificationem.
Extrabiblical texts: Theophilus, Autol. (To Autolycus; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 25 (PL 23:658a–658b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 26
26PL 23:658b
Apollinaris, Asiae Hierapolitanus episcopus, sub imperatore M. Antonino Vero floruit, cui et insigne volumen pro fide Christianorum dedit. Exstant ejus et alii quinque adversum gentes libri, et de veritate duo, adversum Cataphrygas tunc primum exortos cum Priscilla et Maximilla insanis vatibus, incipiente Montano.
Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis in Asia, flourished under the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus, to whom he also gave a notable volume for the faith of the Christians. There survive also five other books of his against the pagans, and two on truth, and against the Cataphrygians, who had then first arisen with Priscilla and Maximilla, the mad prophetesses, Montanus beginning it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Apollinaris of Hierapolis wrote an apology and works against the pagans and against the Montanists.
- The Cataphrygians are the Montanists.
Extrabiblical texts: Mont. Or. (Montanist oracles; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 26 (PL 23:658b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 28
28PL 23:659a
Pinytus Cretensis, Cnossiae urbis episcopus, scripsit ad Dionysium Corinthiorum episcopum valde elegantem epistolam: in qua docet, non semper lacte populos nutriendos, ne quasi parvuli ab ultimo occupentur die; sed et solido vesci debere cibo, ut in spiritalem proficiant senectutem. Et hic sub M. Antonino Vero et L. Aurelio Commodo floruit.
Pinytus of Crete, bishop of the city of Cnossus, wrote a very elegant letter to Dionysius, bishop of the Corinthians, in which he teaches that peoples must not always be fed on milk, lest they be overtaken by the last day like little children, but must also eat solid food, so as to advance to a spiritual old age. He too flourished under Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
1 Cor 3:2 (allusion, medium confidence) · Heb 5:12 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Pinytus of Cnossus wrote to Dionysius of Corinth urging solid spiritual food rather than milk.
- Eusebius, Church History 4.23; 1 Cor 3:2 and Heb 5:12–14. Chapter 27 (Dionysius of Corinth) is not in the digital text.
Extrabiblical texts: Dionysius of Corinth (Dionysius of Corinth (letters); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 28 (PL 23:659a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 29
29PL 23:659b
Tatianus, qui primum oratoriam docens, non parvam sibi ex arte rhetorica gloriam comparaverat, Justini Martyris sectator fuit, florens in Ecclesia, quandiu ab ejus latere non discessit. Postea vero, inflatus eloquentiae tumore, novam condidit haeresim quae Ἐγκρατιτῶν dicitur, quam postea Severus auxit, a quo ejusdem partis haeretici Severiani usque hodie appellantur. Porro Tatianus infinita scripsit volumina, e quibus unus contra Gentes florentissimus exstat liber, qui inter omnia opera ejus fertur insignis. Et hic sub imperatore M. Antonino Vero et L. Aurelio Commodo floruit.
Tatian, who at first taught oratory and gained no small glory from the art of rhetoric, was a follower of Justin Martyr, flourishing in the church as long as he did not leave his side. But afterwards, puffed up by the pride of eloquence, he founded a new heresy, which is called that of the Encratites, which Severus later increased, from whom heretics of the same party are called Severians to this day. Tatian wrote countless volumes, of which one most flourishing book against the pagans survives, which is considered outstanding among all his works. He too flourished under the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tatian, Justin's pupil, later founded the Encratite heresy; his Oration to the Greeks survives.
- Garbled Greek at the end of the chapter in the digital text (apparently from the Greek version of this work) is removed. Jerome's judgment on Tatian is translated as written.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text; garbled Greek text leaked into the digital text): Tarianus·, → Tatianus,; florens in Ecclesia. quandiu → florens in Ecclesia, quandiu; Έγκρβτιτών dicitur. quam → Ἐγκρατιτῶν dicitur, quam; neque hodie appellantur → usque hodie appellantur; floruit. συγγραμμάτων έπίαημό; I jxu Και οδτο; £*kU£ovxc μόίου f4vOipj*v. → floruit..
Extrabiblical texts: Tatian, Or. Graec. (Oration to the Greeks; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 29 (PL 23:659b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 30
30PL 23:659c
Philippus, episcopus Cretensis, hoc est, urbis Gortynae, cujus Dionysius in epistola sua meminit, quam scripsit ad ejusdem civitatis Ecclesiam, praeclarum adversum Marcionem edidit librum, temporibusque M. Antonini Veri et L Aurelii Commodi claruit.
Philip, bishop in Crete, that is, of the city of Gortyna, whom Dionysius mentions in his letter which he wrote to the church of the same city, published an excellent book against Marcion, and was famous in the times of Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip of Gortyna wrote against Marcion.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): librum temporibusque → librum, temporibusque.
Extrabiblical texts: Dionysius of Corinth (Dionysius of Corinth (letters); allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 30 (PL 23:659c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 31
31PL 23:659c
Musanus non ignobilis inter eos, qui de ecclesiastico dogmate scripserunt, sub imperatore M. Antonino Vero confecit librum ad quosdam fratres, qui de Ecclesia ad Encratitarum haeresim declinaverant.
Musanus, not undistinguished among those who have written about the church's doctrine, composed under the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus a book to certain brothers who had turned aside from the church to the heresy of the Encratites.
Notes and citation
Summary: Musanus wrote against the Encratites.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 31 (PL 23:659c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-31). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 32
32PL 23:659c–660a
Modestus et ipse sub imperatore M. Antonino et L. Aurelio Commodo, adversum Marcionem scripsit librum, qui usque hodie perseverat. Feruntur sub nomine ejus et alia syntagmata, sed ab eruditis quasi ψευδόγραφα repudiantur.
Modestus too, under the emperor Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, wrote a book against Marcion, which survives to this day. Other treatises too are ascribed to him under his name, but they are rejected by scholars as falsely ascribed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Modestus wrote against Marcion.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 32 (PL 23:659c–660a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-32). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 33
33PL 23:660a–660b
Bardesanes in Mesopotamia clarus habitus est, qui primum Valentini sectator, deinde confutator, novam haeresim condidit. Ardens ejus a Syris praedicatur ingenium, et in disputatione vehemens. Scripsit infinita adversum omnes pene haereticos, qui aetate ejus pullulaverant. In quibus clarissimus ille et fortissimus liber, quem M. Antonino de Fato tradidit: et multa alia super persecutione volumina, quae sectatores ejus de Syra lingua verterunt in Graecam. Si autem tanta vis est et fulgor in interpretatione, quantam putamus in sermone proprio?
Bardesanes was famous in Mesopotamia; first a follower of Valentinus, then his refuter, he founded a new heresy. His ardent genius is praised by the Syrians, and he was vehement in debate. He wrote countless works against almost all the heretics who had sprung up in his time; among them is that most famous and very powerful book which he gave to Marcus Antoninus, On Fate, and many other volumes on persecution, which his followers translated from Syriac into Greek. But if there is so much force and brilliance in translation, how much do we think there was in his own language?
Notes and citation
Summary: Bardesanes of Mesopotamia, at first a Valentinian, wrote many works including On Fate.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): habitas est → habitus est; ·de Facto → de Fato.
Extrabiblical texts: Bardesanes (Bardesanes, Book of the Laws of Countries; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 33 (PL 23:660a–660b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 34
34PL 23:660b
Victor, tertius decimus Romanae urbis episcopus, super quaestione Paschae et alia quaedam scribens opuscula, rexit Ecclesiam sub Severo principe annis decem.
Victor, the thirteenth bishop of the city of Rome, writing on the Easter question and some other short works, governed the church under the emperor Severus for ten years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Victor of Rome wrote on the Easter question.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 34 (PL 23:660b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-34). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 35
35PL 23:660b–661b
Irenaeus, Pothini episcopi, qui Lugdunensem in Gallia regebat Ecclesiam, presbyter, a martyribus ejusdem loci, ob quasdam Ecclesiae quaestiones legatus Romam missus, honorificas super nomine suo ad Eleutherum episcopum perfert litteras. Postea, jam Pothino prope nonagenario ob Christum martyrio coronato, in locum ejus substituitur. Constat autem Polycarpi, cujus supra fecimus mentionem, sacerdotis et martyris, hunc fuisse discipulum. Scripsit quinque adversus haereses libros, et contra gentes volumen breve, et de disciplina aliud, et ad Martianum fratrem de apostolica praedicatione, et librum variorum tractatuum, et ad Blastum de Schismate, et ad Florinum de Monarchia, sive quod Deus non sit conditor malorum, et de Ogdoade egregium commentarium, in cujus fine significans se apostolicorum temporum vicinum fuisse, sic subscripsit: « Adjuro te, qui transcribis librum istum, per Dominum Jesum Christum, et per gloriosum ejus adventum, quo judicaturus est vivos et mortuos, ut conferas, postquam transcripseris, et emendes illum ad exemplar, unde scripsisti, diligentissime: hanc quoque obtestationem similiter transferas, ut invenisti in exemplari. » Feruntur ejus et aliae ad Victorem episcopum Romanum de quaestione Paschae epistolae: in quibus commonet eum, non facile debere unitatem collegii scindere. Siquidem Victor multos Asiae et Orientis episcopos, qui decima quarta luna cum Judaeis Pascha celebrabant, damnandos crediderat. In qua sententia hi, qui discrepabant ab illis, Victori non dederant manus. Floruit maxime sub Commodo principe, qui M. Antonino Vero in imperium successerat.
Irenaeus, a presbyter of Bishop Pothinus, who governed the church of Lyons in Gaul, was sent to Rome as envoy by the martyrs of that place because of certain questions of the church, and carried to Bishop Eleutherus letters honourable to his name. Afterwards, when Pothinus, nearly ninety years old, had been crowned with martyrdom for Christ, he was put in his place. It is established that he was a disciple of Polycarp, the priest and martyr whom we mentioned above. He wrote five books against heresies, and a short volume against the pagans, and another on discipline, and one to his brother Marcianus on the apostolic preaching, and a book of various treatises, and to Blastus on schism, and to Florinus on the monarchy, or that God is not the maker of evils, and an excellent commentary on the Ogdoad, at the end of which, indicating that he was close to apostolic times, he wrote this: "I adjure you, who copy this book, by our Lord Jesus Christ and by his glorious coming, in which he will judge the living and the dead, that, after you have copied it, you compare it and correct it most carefully against the copy from which you wrote; and that you likewise copy this adjuration too, as you found it in the copy." Other letters of his are also extant to Victor, bishop of Rome, on the Easter question, in which he warns him that he ought not lightly to break the unity of the college; for Victor had thought that many bishops of Asia and the East should be condemned, who celebrated Easter on the fourteenth day of the moon with the Jews. In this opinion even those who differed from them had not sided with Victor. He flourished chiefly under the emperor Commodus, who had succeeded Marcus Antoninus Verus in the empire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp: his works, his adjuration to copyists, and his letter urging Victor not to break unity over Easter.
- Eusebius, Church History 5.4, 5.20, 5.24. The work 'to Marcianus on the apostolic preaching' is the Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): vivos et mortuos. ut conferas → vivos et mortuos, ut conferas.
Extrabiblical texts: Irenaeus, Haer. (Against Heresies; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 5.20.2 (Church History; quotation)
Topics: Church office, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 35 (PL 23:660b–661b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-35). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 36
36PL 23:661b–662a
Pantaenus, Stoicae sectae philosophus, juxta quamdam veterem in Alexandria consuetudinem, ubi a Marco evangelista semper ecclesiastici fuere doctores, tantae prudentiae et eruditionis tam in Scripturis divinis, quam in saeculari litteratura fuit, ut in Indiam quoque, rogatus ab illius gentis legatis, a Demetrio Alexandriae episcopo mitteretur. Ubi reperit, Bartholomaeum de duodecim apostolis adventum Domini nostri Jesu Christi juxta Matthaei Evangelium praedicasse, quod Hebraicis litteris scriptum, revertens Alexandriam secum detulit. Hujus multi quidem in sanctam Scripturam exstant commentarii: sed magis viva voce Ecclesiis profuit. Docuitque sub Severo principe et Antonino, cognomento Caracalla.
Pantaenus, a philosopher of the Stoic school, according to a certain old custom at Alexandria, where from Mark the evangelist there were always church teachers, was of such wisdom and learning both in the divine Scriptures and in secular literature that he was even sent to India by Demetrius, bishop of Alexandria, at the request of envoys of that people. There he found that Bartholomew, one of the twelve apostles, had preached the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the Gospel of Matthew; and, returning to Alexandria, he brought it with him, written in Hebrew letters. Many commentaries of his on holy Scripture survive, but he benefited the churches more by his living voice. He taught under the emperor Severus and Antoninus, surnamed Caracalla.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pantaenus of Alexandria went to India, where he found Matthew's Gospel in Hebrew left by Bartholomew.
- Eusebius, Church History 5.10.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Alexandrise → Alexandriae; Bartholomaecum → Bartholomaeum; secumdetulit Hujus → secum detulit. Hujus; pro fuit → profuit.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 5.10 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 36 (PL 23:661b–662a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-36). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 37
37PL 23:662a–662b
Rhodon, genere Asianus, a Tatiano, de quo supra diximus, Romae in Scripturis eruditus, edidit plurima: praecipuumque adversus Marcionem opus, in quo refert, quomodo ipsi quoque inter se Marcionitae discrepent; et Apellem senem alium haereticum a se quondam fuisse conventum, et risui habitum, eo quod Deum, quem coleret, ignorare se diceret. Meminit in eodem libro, quem scripsit ad Callistionem, Tatiani se Romae fuisse auditorem. Sed et in Hexaemeron elegantes tractatus composuit et adversum Phrygas insigne opus; temporibusque Commodi et Severi floruit.
Rhodon, an Asian by birth, taught in the Scriptures at Rome by Tatian, of whom we spoke above, published a great many works, chiefly a work against Marcion, in which he tells how the Marcionites too disagree among themselves, and that the old man Apelles, another heretic, had once been met by him and made a laughing-stock, because he said he did not know the God he worshipped. He mentions in the same book, which he wrote to Callistio, that he had been a hearer of Tatian at Rome. He also composed elegant treatises on the Hexaemeron, and a notable work against the Phrygians; and he flourished in the times of Commodus and Severus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rhodon, Tatian's pupil, wrote against Marcion, on the Hexaemeron, and against the Montanists.
- Eusebius, Church History 5.13.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): temporibus que → temporibusque.
Extrabiblical texts: Rhodon (Rhodon, Against Marcion; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 5.13 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 37 (PL 23:662a–662b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-37). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 38
38PL 23:662b–663b
Clemens, Alexandrinae Ecclesiae presbyter, Pantaeni, de quo supra retulimus, auditor, post ejus mortem Alexandriae ecclesiasticam scholam tenuit, et κατηχήσεων magister fuit. Feruntur ejus insignia volumina, plenaque eruditionis et eloquentiae, tam de Scripturis divinis, quam de saecularis litteraturae instrumento. E quibus illa sunt, Στρωματεῖς, libri octo; Ὑποτυπώσεων libri octo; adversus Gentes, liber unus; Paedagogi libri tres, de Pascha liber unus, de jejunio disceptatio, et alius inscribitur Quisnam dives ille sit, qui salvetur; de obtrectatione liber unus, de Canonibus ecclesiasticis, et adversum eos, qui Judaeorum sequuntur errorem, liber unus, quem proprie Alexandro, Hierosolymorum episcopo, προσεφώνησε. Meminit autem, in Stromatibus suis, voluminis Tatiani adversus gentes, de quo supra diximus, et Casiani cujusdam χρονογραφίας, quod opusculum invenire non potui. Necnon et de Judaeis Aristobulum quemdam et Demetrium et Eupolemum scriptores adversus gentes refert, qui in similitudinem Josephi άρχαιογονίαν Moysi et Judaicae gentis asseverant. Exstat Alexandri Hierosolymorum episcopi, qui cum Narcisso postea rexit Ecclesiam, epistola super ordinatione Asclepiadis confessoris ad Antiochenses, congratulantis eis, in qua ponit in fine: « Haec vobis, domini ac fratres, scripta transmisi per Clementem beatum presbyterum, virum illustrem et probatum, quem vos quoque scitis, et nunc plenius recognoscetis, qui cum huc venisset juxta providentiam et visitationem Dei, confirmavit et auxit Domini Ecclesiam.» Constat, Origenem hujus fuisse discipulum. Floruit autem Severi et Antonini filii ejus temporibus.
Clement, presbyter of the church of Alexandria, a hearer of Pantaenus, of whom we spoke above, after his death held the church school at Alexandria and was master of catechesis. Notable volumes of his are extant, full of learning and eloquence, both on the divine Scriptures and on the resources of secular literature. Among them are these: the Stromata, eight books; the Hypotyposes, eight books; Against the Pagans, one book; the Paedagogus, three books; On the Pascha, one book; a discourse on fasting; and another entitled Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved; On Slander, one book; On the Church's Canons, and one book against those who follow the error of the Jews, which he dedicated specially to Alexander, bishop of Jerusalem. In his Stromata he mentions Tatian's volume against the pagans, of which we spoke above, and the Chronography of a certain Cassianus, a little work which I have not been able to find. He also refers to certain Jewish writers against the pagans, Aristobulus, Demetrius, and Eupolemus, who, like Josephus, maintain the antiquity of Moses and the Jewish nation. There is extant a letter of Alexander, bishop of Jerusalem, who afterwards governed the church with Narcissus, to the Antiochenes on the ordination of Asclepiades the confessor, congratulating them, in which he writes at the end: "These things, my lords and brothers, I have sent you in writing by Clement, the blessed presbyter, a famous and approved man, whom you also know and will now come to know more fully; who, when he came here according to the providence and visitation of God, strengthened and increased the Lord's church." It is established that Origen was his disciple. He flourished in the times of Severus and his son Antoninus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Clement of Alexandria, head of the catechetical school after Pantaenus: his works, and Alexander of Jerusalem's praise of him.
- Eusebius, Church History 6.6, 6.11, 6.13–14. 'Against the Pagans' is the Protrepticus. Clement mentions Tatian, Cassianus, Aristobulus, Demetrius and Eupolemus in Stromata 1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): eloquen-. tiae → eloquentiae; Euquibus → E quibus; Στρω- ρατεΤ; → Στρωματεῖς; Ύποτυπώαεων → Ὑποτυπώσεων; ad· versus → adversus; προαεφώ/ησε → προσεφώνησε; Aristobuum → Aristobulum; illusirem → illustrem.
Extrabiblical texts: Clement of Alexandria, Strom. (Miscellanies; allusion); Clement of Alexandria, Clement, Hyp. (Clement of Alexandria, Hypotyposes (fragments); allusion); Clement of Alexandria, Protr. (Exhortation to the Greeks; allusion); Clement of Alexandria, Paed. (The Instructor; allusion); Clement of Alexandria, Quis div. (Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved?; allusion); Tatian, Or. Graec. (Oration to the Greeks; allusion); Aristobulus, Aristob. (Aristobulus (fragments); allusion); Demetrius (Demetrius the Chronographer; allusion); Eupolemus (Eupolemus, On the Kings of Judea; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.11.6 (Church History; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 38 (PL 23:662b–663b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-38). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 39
39PL 23:663c–664a
Miltiades, cujus Rhodon in opere suo, quod adversus Montanum, Priscam Maximillamque composuit, recordatur, scripsit contra eosdem volumen praecipuum, et adversus gentes Judaeosque libros alios, et principibus illius temporis Apologeticum dedit. Floruit autem M. Antonini Commodique temporibus.
Miltiades, whom Rhodon mentions in his work composed against Montanus, Prisca and Maximilla, wrote a notable volume against them, and other books against the pagans and the Jews, and gave an Apology to the rulers of that time. He flourished in the times of Marcus Antoninus and Commodus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Miltiades wrote against the Montanists, the pagans and the Jews, and an apology.
- Eusebius, Church History 5.17. Rhodon is named here by Jerome, though Eusebius ascribes the anti-Montanist work to an anonymous writer.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Judae osque → Judaeosque.
Extrabiblical texts: Anon. Mont. (Anonymous Treatise against the Montanists; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 39 (PL 23:663c–664a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-39). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 40
40PL 23:664a–664b
Apollonius, vir disertissimus, scripsit adversus Montanum, Priscam et Maximillam insigne et longum volumen, in quo asserit Montanum et insanas vates ejus periisse suspendio: et multa alia, in quibus de Prisca et Maximilla refert: « Si negant eas accepisse munera, confiteantur non esse prophetas, qui accipiunt: et mille hoc testibus approbabo. Sed et ex aliis fructibus probantur prophetae. Dic mihi, crinem fucat prophetes? stibio oculos linit? Prophetae vestibus et gemmis ornantur? Prophetes tabula ludit et tesseris? Propheta fenus accipit? Respondeant, utrum hoc fieri liceat, an non: meum est approbare, quod fecerint.» Dicit in eodem libro, quadragesimum esse annum usque ad tempus, quo ipse scribebat librum, ex quo haeresis Cataphrygarum habuerit exordium. Tertullianus sex voluminibus adversus Ecclesiam editis quae scripsit περὶ ἐκστάσεως, septimum proprie adversus Apollonium elaboravit, in quo omnia, quae ille arguit, conatur defendere. Floruit autem Apollonius sub Commodo Severoque principibus.
Apollonius, a very eloquent man, wrote against Montanus, Prisca, and Maximilla a notable and long volume, in which he asserts that Montanus and his mad prophetesses perished by hanging; and many other things, among which he reports of Prisca and Maximilla: "If they deny that they have accepted gifts, let them confess that those who accept them are not prophets; and I will prove it by a thousand witnesses. But prophets are proved by other fruits too. Tell me, does a prophet dye his hair? Does she paint her eyes with antimony? Are prophets adorned with garments and jewels? Does a prophet play at the gaming board and dice? Does a prophet take interest? Let them answer whether this may be done or not; it is my part to prove that they have done it." He says in the same book that it was the fortieth year, up to the time when he was writing the book, since the heresy of the Cataphrygians had its beginning. Tertullian, after publishing six volumes against the church, which he wrote On Ecstasy, worked out a seventh specially against Apollonius, in which he tries to defend everything that Apollonius attacked. Apollonius flourished under the emperors Commodus and Severus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Apollonius wrote a long work against the Montanists, exposing their prophets' greed and vanity; Tertullian answered him.
- Eusebius, Church History 5.18. Tertullian's On Ecstasy is lost.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): insanas vales → insanas vates; Dicit iu eodem → Dicit in eodem; περί έχσ;άσεως → περὶ ἐκστάσεως.
Extrabiblical texts: Apollonius (Apollonius, Against the Montanists; quotation); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 5.18 (Church History; allusion); Mont. Or. (Montanist oracles; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 40 (PL 23:664a–664b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-40). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 41
41PL 23:664b–665a
Serapion, undecimo Commodi imperatoris anno Antiochiae episcopus ordinatus, scripsit epistolam ad Caricum et Pontium de haeresi Montani, in qua et haec addit: « Ut autem sciatis falsi hujus dogmatis, id est, novae prophetiae ab omni mundo insaniam reprobari, misi vobis Apollinaris beatissimi, qui fuit in Hierapoli Asiae episcopus, litteras. » Ad Domninum quoque, qui persecutionis tempore ad Judaeos declinaverat, volumen composuit; et alium de Evangelio, quod sub nomine Petri fertur, librum ad Rhosensem Ciliciae Ecclesiam, quae in haeresim ejus lectione diverterat. Leguntur et sparsim ejus breves epistolae, auctoris sui ἀσκήσει et vitae congruentes.
Serapion, ordained bishop at Antioch in the eleventh year of the emperor Commodus, wrote a letter to Caricus and Pontius on the heresy of Montanus, in which he also adds this: "So that you may know that the madness of this false doctrine, that is, of the new prophecy, is rejected by the whole world, I have sent you the letter of the most blessed Apollinaris, who was bishop at Hierapolis in Asia." He also composed a volume to Domninus, who in time of persecution had turned aside to the Jews; and another book on the Gospel which is ascribed to Peter, to the church of Rhossus in Cilicia, which had turned aside into heresy through reading it. Short letters of his are also read here and there, in keeping with their author's discipline and life.
Notes and citation
Summary: Serapion of Antioch wrote against the Montanists and against the Gospel of Peter.
- Eusebius, Church History 5.19 and 6.12.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Monlani → Montani; άσχήσει → ἀσκήσει.
Extrabiblical texts: Serapion of Antioch, Serapion (Serapion of Antioch (letters); quotation); Gos. Pet. (Gospel of Peter; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 5.19 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 41 (PL 23:664b–665a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-41). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 42
42PL 23:665a–665b
Apollonius, Romanae urbis senator, sub Commodo principe a servo Severo proditus, quod Christianus esset, impetrato, ut rationem fidei suae redderet, insigne volumen composuit, quod in senatu legit; et nihilominus sententia senatus pro Christo capite truncatus est, veteri apud eos obtinente lege, absque negatione non dimitti Christianos, qui semel ad eorum judicium pertracti essent.
Apollonius, a senator of the city of Rome, betrayed under the emperor Commodus by a slave, Severus, as being a Christian, having obtained leave to give an account of his faith, composed a notable volume which he read in the senate; and nonetheless, by the sentence of the senate, he was beheaded for Christ, an old law prevailing among them that Christians who had once been dragged before their court should not be released without denying.
Notes and citation
Summary: Apollonius the Roman senator defended his faith before the senate and was beheaded.
- Eusebius, Church History 5.21. The slave's name, Severus, is in Jerome's text, not in Eusebius.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 5.21 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 42 (PL 23:665a–665b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-42). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 43
43PL 23:665b
Theophilus, Caesareae Palestinae (quae olim Turris Stratonis vocabatur) episcopus, sub Severo principe, adversum eos, qui decima quarta luna cum Judaeis Pascha faciebant, cum caeteris episcopis synodicam valde utilem composuit epistolam.
Theophilus, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine (which was once called Strato's Tower), composed under the emperor Severus, with the other bishops, a very useful synodal letter against those who kept Easter with the Jews on the fourteenth day of the moon.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theophilus of Caesarea wrote a synodal letter against the Quartodecimans.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 43 (PL 23:665b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-43). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 44
44PL 23:665b–665c
Bacchylus, Corinthi episcopus, sub eodem Severo principe clarus habitus, de Pascha, ex omnium qui in Achaia erant episcoporum persona, elegantem librum scripsit.
Bacchylus, bishop of Corinth, considered famous under the same emperor Severus, wrote an elegant book on Easter in the person of all the bishops who were in Achaia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bacchylus of Corinth wrote on Easter for the bishops of Achaia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Corinthi episcopos → Corinthi episcopus.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 44 (PL 23:665b–665c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-44). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 45
45PL 23:665c–667a
Polycrates, Ephesiorum episcopus, cum caeteris episcopis Asiae, qui juxta quamdam veterem consuetudinem cum Judaeis decima quarta luna Pascha celebrabant, scripsit adversus Victorem, episcopum Romanum, epistolam synodicam, in qua docet, se apostoli Joannis et veterum auctoritatem sequi: de qua haec pauca excerpsimus: « Nos igitur inviolabilem celebramus diem, neque addentes aliquid, neque dementes. Etenim in Asia elementa maxima dormierunt, quae resurgent in die Domini, quando venturus est de coelis in majestate sua, suscitaturus omnes sanctos: Philippum loquor de duodecim apostolis, qui dormivit Hierapoli, et duas filias ejus, quae virgines senuerunt, et aliam ejus filiam, quae Spiritu sancto plena in Epheso occubuit. Sed et Joannes, qui super pectus Domini recubuit, et pontifex ejus auream laminam in fronte portans, martyr et doctor in Epheso dormivit: et Polycarpus, episcopus et martyr, Smyrnae cubat. Thraseas quoque episcopus et martyr de Eumenia in eadem Smyrna requiescit. Quid necesse est Sagaris episcopi et martyris recordari, qui in Laodicea soporatur, et Papirii beati, et Melitonis in sancto Spiritu eunuchi, qui semper Domino serviens, positus est in Sardis, et exspectat in adventu ejus resurrectionem? Hi omnes observaverunt Paschae diem decima quarta luna, ab evangelica traditione in nullam partem declinantes, et ecclesiasticum sequentes canonem. Ego quoque minimus omnium vestrum Polycrates, secundum doctrinam propinquorum meorum, quos et secutus sum; septem siquidem fuerunt propinqui mei episcopi, et ego octavus: semper Pascha celebravi, quando populus Judaeorum azyma faciebat. Itaque, fratres, sexaginta quinque annos aetatis meae natus in Domino, et a multis ex toto orbe fratribus eruditus, peragrata omni Scriptura, non formidabo eos, qui nobis minantur. Dixerunt enim majores mei: Obedire Deo magis oportet, quam hominibus. » Haec propterea posui, ut ingenium et auctoritatem viri ex parvo opusculo demonstrarem. Floruit temporibus Severi principis, eadem aetate qua Narcissus Hierosolymae.
Polycrates, bishop of the Ephesians, with the other bishops of Asia who, according to a certain old custom, celebrated Easter with the Jews on the fourteenth day of the moon, wrote a synodal letter against Victor, bishop of Rome, in which he teaches that he follows the authority of the apostle John and of the ancients; from which we have extracted these few words: "We, then, keep the day inviolate, neither adding nor taking away. For in Asia great lights have fallen asleep, which will rise on the day of the Lord, when he will come from heaven in his majesty to raise all the saints: I mean Philip, one of the twelve apostles, who sleeps at Hierapolis, and his two daughters, who grew old as virgins, and another daughter of his, who, full of the Holy Spirit, died at Ephesus. And John too, who lay on the Lord's breast and was his high priest, wearing the golden plate on his forehead, martyr and teacher, sleeps at Ephesus; and Polycarp, bishop and martyr, lies at Smyrna. Thraseas too, bishop and martyr, of Eumenia, rests in the same Smyrna. What need is there to recall Sagaris, bishop and martyr, who sleeps at Laodicea, and the blessed Papirius, and Melito, a eunuch in the Holy Spirit, who, always serving the Lord, was laid at Sardis and awaits the resurrection at his coming? All these observed the day of Easter on the fourteenth day of the moon, turning aside in no part from the Gospel tradition, and following the church's rule. I too, the least of all of you, Polycrates, according to the teaching of my kinsmen, whom I have followed (for seven of my kinsmen were bishops, and I am the eighth), have always celebrated Easter when the people of the Jews made unleavened bread. So, brothers, being sixty-five years old in the Lord, and taught by many brothers from the whole world, having gone through all Scripture, I will not fear those who threaten us. For my forebears said: We must obey God rather than men." I have set this down to show the talent and authority of the man from a small work. He flourished in the times of the emperor Severus, in the same age as Narcissus at Jerusalem.
John 13:23 (allusion, high confidence) · Acts 5:29 (quotation, high confidence) · Acts 21:9 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Polycrates of Ephesus defended the Asian custom of keeping Easter on the fourteenth day against Victor of Rome.
- Eusebius, Church History 5.24.2–7; Acts 5:29; John 13:23. 'Taking away' renders the digital text's 'dementes' by sense. 'Eunuch' is used of Melito's celibacy.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Ili omnes → Hi omnes.
Extrabiblical texts: Polycrates of Ephesus, Polycrates (Polycrates of Ephesus, Letter to Victor; quotation); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 5.24 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 45 (PL 23:665c–667a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-45). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 46
46PL 23:667a
Heraclitus sub Commodi Severique imperio in Apostolum Commentarios composuit.
Heraclitus, under the rule of Commodus and Severus, composed commentaries on the Apostle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Heraclitus wrote commentaries on Paul.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 46 (PL 23:667a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-46). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 47
47PL 23:667b
Maximus sub iisdem principibus famosam quaestionem insigni volumine ventilavit, unde malum, et quod materia a Deo facta sit.
Maximus, under the same emperors, discussed in a notable volume the famous question of where evil comes from, and that matter was made by God.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximus wrote on the origin of evil and the creation of matter.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 47 (PL 23:667b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-47). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 48
48PL 23:667b
Candidus, regnantibus supra scriptis, in Hexaemeron pulcherrimos tractatus edidit,
Candidus, in the reign of those mentioned above, published very fine treatises on the Hexaemeron.
Notes and citation
Summary: Candidus wrote on the six days of creation.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 48 (PL 23:667b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-48). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 49
49PL 23:667b
Appion, sub Severo principe, similiter in Hexaemeron tractatus fecit.
Appion, under the emperor Severus, likewise wrote treatises on the Hexaemeron.
Notes and citation
Summary: Appion wrote on the six days of creation.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 49 (PL 23:667b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-49). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 50
50PL 23:667b
Sextus sub imperatore Severo, librum de resurrectione scripsit.
Sextus, under the emperor Severus, wrote a book on the resurrection.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sextus wrote on the resurrection.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 50 (PL 23:667b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-50). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 51
51PL 23:667c
Arabianus sub eodem principe edidit quaedam opuscula ad Christianum dogma pertinentia.
Arabianus, under the same emperor, published some short works belonging to Christian doctrine.
Notes and citation
Summary: Arabianus wrote short works on Christian doctrine.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 51 (PL 23:667c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-51). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 52
52PL 23:667c–667d
Judas de septuaginta apud Danielem hebdomadibus plenissime disputavit, et chronographiam superiorum temporum usque ad decimum Severi produxit annum. In qua erroris arguitur quod adventum Antichristi circa sua tempora futurum esse dixerit: sed hoc ideo, quia magnitudo persecutionum praesentem mundi minabatur occasum.
Jude discussed most fully the seventy weeks in Daniel and carried a chronography of former times down to the tenth year of Severus. In it he is convicted of error, because he said that the coming of Antichrist would be about his own times; but this was because the greatness of the persecutions seemed to threaten the present end of the world.
Dan 9:24 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jude wrote on Daniel's seventy weeks and wrongly expected Antichrist in his own day.
- Dan 9:24–27; Eusebius, Church History 6.7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Antichristi circa, sua tempora → Antichristi circa sua tempora.
Topics: Eschatology, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 52 (PL 23:667c–667d; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-52). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 53
53PL 23:668a–668b
Tertullianus presbyter, nunc demum primus post Victorem et Apollonium Latinorum ponitur, provinciae Africae, civitatis Carthaginiensis, patre Centurione proconsulari. Hic acris et vehementis ingenii, sub Severo principe et Antonino Caracalla maxime floruit, multaque scripsit volumina, quae quia nota sunt pluribus, praetermittimus. Vidi ego quemdam Paulum Concordiae, quod oppidum Italiae est, senem qui se beati Cypriani, jam grandis aetatis, notarium, cum ipse admodum esset adolescens, Romae vidisse diceret, referreque sibi solitum nunquam Cyprianum absque Tertulliani lectione unum diem praeterisse, ac sibi crebro dicere: Da magistrum: Tertullianum videlicet significans. Hic cum usque ad mediam aetatem presbyter Ecclesiae permansisset, invidia postea et contumeliis clericorum Romanae Ecclesiae, ad Montani dogma delapsus, in multis libris novae prophetiae meminit, specialiter autem adversum Ecclesiam texuit volumina de pudicitia, de persecutione, de jejuniis, de monogamia, de exstasi libros sex, et septimum, quem adversum Apollonium composuit. Ferturque vixisse usque ad decrepitam aetatem, et multa quae non exstant opuscula condidisse.
Tertullian, a presbyter, is now at last placed as the first of the Latins after Victor and Apollonius; of the province of Africa, the city of Carthage, his father a proconsular centurion. He was of a keen and vehement mind and flourished chiefly under the emperor Severus and Antoninus Caracalla, and wrote many volumes, which we pass over because they are known to many. I myself saw a certain Paul at Concordia, a town of Italy, an old man, who said that he had seen at Rome, when he himself was very young, the secretary of blessed Cyprian, who was then of great age, and that he used to tell him that Cyprian never let a day pass without reading Tertullian, and often said to him, "Give me the master", meaning Tertullian of course. He, having remained a presbyter of the church until middle age, afterwards, through the envy and insults of the clergy of the Roman church, slipped into the doctrine of Montanus, and mentions the new prophecy in many books; and specially against the church he composed the volumes On Modesty, On Persecution, On Fasts, On Monogamy, six books On Ecstasy, and a seventh which he composed against Apollonius. He is said to have lived to a decrepit old age and to have written many short works that do not survive.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tertullian of Carthage, much read by Cyprian, became a Montanist and wrote against the church on modesty, flight in persecution, fasting and monogamy.
- 'On Persecution' is On Flight in Persecution. Jerome's account of Tertullian's motives is his own.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): volumina quae quia → volumina, quae quia; crebro dicere. Da magistrum → crebro dicere: Da magistrum; videliret → videlicet; mediam aetalem → mediam aetatem.
Extrabiblical texts: Tertullian, Pud. (On Modesty; allusion); Tertullian, Fug. (On Flight in Persecution; allusion); Tertullian, Jejun. (On Fasting, against the Psychics; allusion); Tertullian, Mon. (On Monogamy; allusion)
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 53 (PL 23:668a–668b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-53). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 54
54PL 23:668b–671a
Origenes, qui et Adamantius, decimo Severi Pertinacis anno adversum Christianos persecutione commota, a Leonide patre, Christi martyrio coronato, cum sex fratribus et matre vidua, pauper relinquitur, annos natus circiter decem et septem. Rem enim familiarem ob confessionem Christi fiscus occupaverat. Hic, Alexandriae dispersa Ecclesia, decimo octavo aetatis suae anno, κατηχήσεων opus aggressus, postea a Demetrio, ejus urbis episcopo, in locum Clementis presbyteri confirmatus, per multos annos floruit: et cum jam mediae esset aetatis, et propter Ecclesias Achaiae, quae pluribus haeresibus vexabantur, sub testimonio ecclesiasticae epistolae, Athenas per Palaestinam pergeret, a Theoctisto et Alexandro, Caesareae et Hierosolymorum episcopis, presbyter ordinatus Demetrii offendit animum; qui tanta in eum debacchatus est insania, ut per totum mundum super nomine ejus scriberet. Constat eum, antequam Caesaream migraret, fuisse Romae sub Zephyrino episcopo, et statim Alexandriam reversum, Heraclan presbyterum, qui sub habitu philosophi perseverabat, adjutorem sibi fecisse κατηχήσεως, qui quidem et post Demetrium Alexandrinam tenuit Ecclesiam. Quantae autem gloriae fuerit, hinc apparet, quod Firmilianus, Caesareae episcopus, cum omni Cappadocia eum invitavit, et diu tenuit, et postea, sub occasione sanctorum locorum Palaestinam veniens, diu Caesareae in sanctis Scripturis ab eo eruditus est. Sed et illud, quod ad Mammeam matrem Alexandri imperatoris, religiosam feminam, rogatus venit Antiochiam, et summo honore habitus est: quodque ad Philippum imperatorem, qui primus de regibus Romanis Christianus fuit, et ad matrem ejus litteras fecit, quae usque hodie exstant. Quis ignorat et quod tantum in Scripturis divinis habuerit studii, ut etiam Hebraeam linguam, contra aetatis gentisque suae naturam, edisceret, et exceptis Septuaginta interpretibus, alias quoque editiones in unum congregaret volumen; Aquilae scilicet Pontici proselyti, et Theodotionis Hebionei, et Symmachi ejusdem dogmatis, qui in Evangelium quoque κατά Ματθαίον scripsit commentarios, de quo et suum dogma confirmare conatur. Praeterea quintam et sextam et septimam editionem, quas etiam nos de ejus bibliotheca habemus, miro labore reperit, et cum caeteris editionibus comparavit. Et quia indicem operum ejus in voluminibus epistolarum, quas ad Paulam scripsimus, in quadam epistola contra Varronis opera conferens posui, nunc omitto: illud de immortali ejus ingenio non tacens, quod dialecticam quoque et geometriam, et arithmeticam, musicam, grammaticam et rhetoricam, omniumque philosophorum sectas ita didicit, ut studiosos quoque saecularium litterarum sectatores haberet, et interpretaretur eis quotidie, concursusque ad eum miri fierent: quos ille propterea recipiebat, ut sub occasione saecularis litteraturae in fide Christi eos institueret. De crudelitate autem persecutionis, quae adversum Christianos sub Decio consurrexit, eo quod in religionem Philippi desaeviret, quem et interfecit, superfluum est dicere; cum etiam Fabianus, Romanae Ecclesiae episcopus, in ipsa occubuerit, et Alexander Babylasque, Hierosolymorum et Antiochenae Ecclesiae pontifices, in carcere pro confessione Christi dormierint. Et super Origenis statu si quis scire velit, quid actum sit, primum quidem de epistolis ejus, quae post persecutionem ad diversos missae sunt; deinde de sexto Eusebii Caesariensis ecclesiasticae historiae libro, et pro eodem Origene in sex voluminibus, poterit liquido cognoscere. Vixit usque ad Gallum et Volusianum, id est, usque ad LXIX aetatis suae annum; et mortuus est Tyri, in qua urbe et sepultus est.
Origen, also called Adamantius, when persecution was raised against the Christians in the tenth year of Severus Pertinax, was left poor, with six brothers and a widowed mother, his father Leonides having been crowned with martyrdom for Christ, at about seventeen years of age; for the treasury had seized the family property because of his confession of Christ. When the church at Alexandria had been scattered, in the eighteenth year of his age he undertook the work of catechesis, and afterwards, confirmed by Demetrius, bishop of that city, in the place of the presbyter Clement, he flourished for many years. And when he was already of middle age, and was going to Athens through Palestine because of the churches of Achaia, which were troubled by many heresies, with the testimony of a church letter, he was ordained presbyter by Theoctistus and Alexander, bishops of Caesarea and Jerusalem, and offended the mind of Demetrius, who raged against him with such madness that he wrote about him throughout the whole world. It is established that before he moved to Caesarea he was at Rome under Bishop Zephyrinus, and that on returning at once to Alexandria he made Heraclas the presbyter, who continued in the dress of a philosopher, his assistant in catechesis; he also held the church of Alexandria after Demetrius. How great his glory was appears from this, that Firmilian, bishop of Caesarea, with all Cappadocia, invited him and kept him a long time; and afterwards, coming to Palestine on the occasion of visiting the holy places, was long taught by him at Caesarea in the holy Scriptures. And this too: that at the request of Mammaea, the mother of the emperor Alexander, a religious woman, he came to Antioch and was held in the highest honour; and that he wrote letters to the emperor Philip, who was the first of the Roman rulers to be a Christian, and to his mother, which survive to this day. Who does not know that he had such zeal for the divine Scriptures that he even learned the Hebrew language, against the nature of his age and race, and, besides the Seventy translators, gathered other versions too into one volume: those, namely, of Aquila of Pontus, a proselyte, and of Theodotion the Ebionite, and of Symmachus of the same doctrine, who also wrote commentaries on the Gospel according to Matthew, from which he too tries to confirm his doctrine. Besides, with wonderful labour he found a fifth, sixth, and seventh version, which we also have from his library, and compared them with the other versions. And since I have set out the list of his works in the volumes of letters which we wrote to Paula, in a certain letter comparing them with the works of Varro, I omit it now; not keeping silent, however, about his immortal genius: that he so learned dialectic, geometry, arithmetic, music, grammar and rhetoric, and the schools of all the philosophers, that he had even students of secular letters as followers, and lectured to them daily, and wonderful crowds flocked to him; whom he received for this reason, that under the pretext of secular literature he might instruct them in the faith of Christ. Of the cruelty of the persecution which arose against the Christians under Decius, because he raged against the religion of Philip, whom he also killed, it is superfluous to speak; since even Fabian, bishop of the Roman church, died in it, and Alexander and Babylas, bishops of the churches of Jerusalem and Antioch, fell asleep in prison for confessing Christ. And if anyone wishes to know what happened concerning Origen's own condition, he will be able to learn it clearly, first from his letters which were sent to various people after the persecution, and then from the sixth book of the Church History of Eusebius of Caesarea, and from the six volumes for the same Origen. He lived until Gallus and Volusianus, that is, to the sixty-ninth year of his age, and died at Tyre, in which city he is also buried.
Notes and citation
Summary: Origen: his youth, teaching at Alexandria, ordination in Palestine and conflict with Demetrius, his Hexapla and learning, and his suffering under Decius.
- Eusebius, Church History 6. The 'six volumes for Origen' are the Apology for Origen by Pamphilus and Eusebius. The list of Origen's works is in Jerome's Letter 33 to Paula. The statement that Philip was the first Christian emperor is Jerome's, after Eusebius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text; stray number in the digital text): Adamantius 8, decimo → Adamantius, decimo; κατη- χήσεων → κατηχήσεων; χατηχήσεως → κατηχήσεως; commentirios. de quo → commentarios, de quo; rhistoricam → rhetoricam; studiosos quoquo → studiosos quoque; concursusque ad cum → concursusque ad eum; Romano Ecclesiae → Romanae Ecclesiae; pro codem Origene → pro eodem Origene.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6 (Church History; allusion); Pamphilus, Apol. Orig. (Apology for Origen; allusion); Jerome, Ep. 33 (Letters; allusion)
Topics: Persecution, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 54 (PL 23:668b–671a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-54). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 55
55PL 23:671a
Ammonius, vir disertus et valde eruditus in philosophia, eodem tempore Alexandriae clarus habitus est: qui inter multa ingenii sui et praeclara monumenta etiam de consonantia Moysi et Jesu elegans opus composuit, et evangelicos canones excogitavit, quos postea secutus est Eusebius Caesariensis. Hunc falso accusat Porphyrius, quod ex Christiano ethnicus fuerit, cum constet eum usque ad extremam vitam Christianum perseverasse.
Ammonius, an eloquent man and very learned in philosophy, was considered famous at Alexandria at the same time. Among many fine monuments of his genius he composed an elegant work on the harmony of Moses and Jesus, and devised the Gospel canons, which Eusebius of Caesarea afterwards followed. Porphyry falsely accuses him of having become a pagan from a Christian, since it is established that he remained a Christian to the end of his life.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ammonius of Alexandria wrote on the harmony of Moses and Jesus and devised Gospel canons.
- Eusebius, Church History 6.19.6–10; Jerome, like Eusebius, probably confuses the Christian Ammonius with Ammonius Saccas, the teacher of Plotinus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): perseverasse.. → perseverasse..
Extrabiblical texts: Porphyry, Porphyry, Chr. (Porphyry, Against the Christians (fragments); allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.19.9 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 55 (PL 23:671a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-55). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 56
56PL 23:671b
Ambrosius primum Marcionites, deinde ab Origene correctus, Ecclesiae diaconus, et confessionis Dominicae gloria insignis fuit, cui et Protocteto presbytero liber Origenis de Martyrio scribitur. Hujus industria et sumptu et instantia adjutus infinita Origenes dictavit volumina. Sed et ipse, quippe ut vir nobilis, non inelegantis ingenii fuit, sicut ejus ad Origenem epistolae indicio sunt. Obiit ante mortem Origenis, et in hoc a plerisque reprehenditur, quod vir locuples amici sui senis et pauperis moriens non recordatus sit.
Ambrose, at first a Marcionite, then corrected by Origen, was a deacon of the church and distinguished by the glory of confessing the Lord; Origen's book On Martyrdom is addressed to him and to the presbyter Protoctetus. Helped by his industry, expense and insistence, Origen dictated countless volumes. He himself too, as a man of noble birth, was of no inelegant talent, as his letters to Origen show. He died before Origen and is blamed by many for this, that, a rich man, he did not remember his old and poor friend when he died.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ambrose, Origen's patron, funded his writing; Origen's Exhortation to Martyrdom is addressed to him.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): ab Origine correctus → ab Origene correctus; Origenis·, → Origenis,.
Extrabiblical texts: Origen, Mart. (Exhortation to Martyrdom; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 56 (PL 23:671b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-56). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 57
57PL 23:671b–672a
Tryphon, Origenis auditor, ad quem nonnullae ejus exstant epistolae, in Scripturis eruditissimus fuit. Quod quidem et multa ejus sparsim ostendunt opuscula, sed praecipue liber, quem composuit de Vacca rufa in Deuteronomio, et de Dichotomematibus, quae cum columba et turture Abraham ponuntur in Genesi.
Tryphon, a hearer of Origen, to whom some letters of his survive, was very learned in the Scriptures. Many of his short works scattered here and there show this, but especially the book he composed on the red heifer in Deuteronomy, and on the divided animals which Abraham set out with the dove and the turtledove in Genesis.
Num 19:2 (allusion, medium confidence) · Gen 15:9 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Tryphon, Origen's pupil, wrote on the red heifer and on Abraham's sacrifice.
- The red heifer is in Num 19 (Jerome says Deuteronomy); Gen 15:9–10.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 57 (PL 23:671b–672a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-57). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 58
58PL 23:672a
Minucius Felix, Romae insignis causidicus, scripsit Dialogum Christiani et ethnici disputantium, qui Octavius inscribitur. Sed et alius sub nomine ejus fertur de Fato, vel contra mathematicos, qui cum sit et ipse diserti hominis, non mihi videtur cum superioris libri stylo convenire. Meminit hujus Minucii et Lactantius in libris suis.
Minucius Felix, a distinguished advocate at Rome, wrote a dialogue of a Christian and a pagan disputing, entitled Octavius. Another, On Fate, or Against the Astrologers, is also ascribed to him, which, though it too is by an eloquent man, does not seem to me to agree with the style of the former book. Lactantius too mentions this Minucius in his books.
Notes and citation
Summary: Minucius Felix wrote the Octavius; a work On Fate under his name is doubtful.
- Lactantius, Divine Institutes 1.11.55 and 5.1.22.
Extrabiblical texts: Minucius Felix, Oct. (Octavius; allusion); Lactantius, Inst. 5.1.22 (Divine Institutes; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 58 (PL 23:672a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-58). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 59
59PL 23:672b
Caius, sub Zephyrino Romanae urbis episcopo, id est sub Antonino Severi filio, disputationem adversum Proculum, Montani sectatorem, valde insignem habuit, arguens eum temeritatis, super Nova Prophetia defendenda, et in eodem volumine Epistolas quoque Pauli tredecim tantum enumerans; decimam quartam quae fertur ad Hebraeos, dicit non ejus esse, sed et apud Romanos usque hodie quasi Pauli apostoli non habetur.
Gaius, under Zephyrinus, bishop of the city of Rome, that is, under Antoninus the son of Severus, held a very notable disputation against Proclus, a follower of Montanus, convicting him of rashness in defending the new prophecy; and in the same volume, listing only thirteen letters of Paul, he says that the fourteenth, which is called To the Hebrews, is not his; and indeed among the Romans to this day it is not held to be the apostle Paul's.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaius of Rome disputed against the Montanist Proclus and did not count Hebrews as Paul's.
- Eusebius, Church History 6.20. The digital text names him 'Galus'.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Galus, sub → Caius, sub; arguens cum temeritatis → arguens eum temeritatis; nou habetur → non habetur.
Extrabiblical texts: Gaius of Rome, Gaius, Dial. Procl. (Gaius of Rome, Gaius, Dialogue with Proclus (fragments); allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.20 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Heresy, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 59 (PL 23:672b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-59). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Chapter 60
60PL 23:672b–672c
Beryllus, Arabiae Bostrenus episcopus, cum aliquanto tempore gloriose rexisset Ecclesiam, ad extremum lapsus in haeresim, quae Christum ante incarnationem negat, ab Origene correctus, scripsit varia opuscula, et maxime epistolas, in quibus Origeni gratias agit; sed et Origenis ad eum litterae sunt. Exstat dialogus Origenis et Berylli, in quo haereseos coarguitur. Claruit autem sub Alexandro, Mammeae filio, et Maximino et Gordiano, qui ei in imperium successerunt.
Beryllus, bishop of Bostra in Arabia, after governing the church gloriously for some time, at last fell into the heresy which denies that Christ existed before the incarnation; corrected by Origen, he wrote various short works, and especially letters in which he thanks Origen; and there are letters of Origen to him too. There is a dialogue of Origen and Beryllus extant, in which he is convicted of heresy. He was famous under Alexander, son of Mammaea, and Maximinus and Gordian, who succeeded him in the empire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Beryllus of Bostra, who denied Christ's pre-existence, was corrected by Origen.
- Eusebius, Church History 6.33.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Ecelesiam → Ecclesiam.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.33 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 60 (PL 23:672b–672c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-60). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 61
61PL 23:673a–674d
Hippolytus, cujusdam Ecclesiae episcopus, nomen quippe urbis scire non potui, rationem Paschae temporumque Canones scripsit, usque ad primum annum Alexandri imperatoris, et sedecim annorum circulum, quem Graeci ἑκκαιδεκαετηρίδα vocant, reperit, et Eusebio, qui super eodem Pascha Canonem, decem et novem annorum circulum, id est, ἐννεακαιδεκαετηρίδα composuit, occasionem dedit. Scripsit nonnullos in Scripturas commentarios, e quibus hos reperi: in Έξαήμερον, et in Exodum, in Canticum canticorum, in Genesim, et in Zachariam; de Psalmis, et in Isaiam, de Daniele, de Apocalypsi, de Proverbiis, de Ecclesiaste, de Saul et Pythonissa, de Antichristo, de Resurrectione, contra Marcionem, de Pascha, adversum omnes haereses, et de laude Domini Salvatoris, in qua praesente Origene, se loqui in ecclesia significat. In hujus aemulationem Ambrosius, quem de Marcionis haeresi ad veram fidem correctum diximus, cohortatus est Origenem, in Scripturas commentarios scribere, praebens ei septem et eo amplius notarios, eorumque expensas, et librariorum parem numerum, quodque his majus est, incredibili studio quotidie ab eo opus exigens. Unde in quadam epistola ἐργοδιώκτην eum Origenes vocat.
Hippolytus, bishop of a certain church (for I have not been able to learn the name of the city), wrote a reckoning of Easter and chronological tables up to the first year of the emperor Alexander, and discovered a sixteen-year cycle, which the Greeks call hekkaidekaeteris; and he gave the occasion to Eusebius, who composed a table on the same Easter, a nineteen-year cycle, that is, enneakaidekaeteris. He wrote a number of commentaries on the Scriptures, of which I have found these: on the Hexaemeron, on Exodus, on the Song of Songs, on Genesis, and on Zechariah; on the Psalms, on Isaiah, on Daniel, on the Apocalypse, on Proverbs, on Ecclesiastes, on Saul and the Pythoness, on Antichrist, on the Resurrection, against Marcion, on Easter, against all heresies, and on the praise of the Lord and Saviour, in which he indicates that he was speaking in church in Origen's presence. In emulation of him, Ambrose, whom we said had been corrected from the heresy of Marcion to the true faith, urged Origen to write commentaries on the Scriptures, providing him with seven or more stenographers and their expenses, and an equal number of copyists; and, what is greater, with incredible zeal demanding the work from him daily. Hence in a certain letter Origen calls him his "taskmaster".
Notes and citation
Summary: Hippolytus wrote an Easter table and many commentaries and treatises; in emulation of him Ambrose drove Origen to write.
- Eusebius, Church History 6.22–23. 'Against all heresies' may be the Refutation or the lost Syntagma.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): no-, men → nomen; Ιχχαιδεχοετηρίδα → ἑκκαιδεκαετηρίδα; έννεακαιδεχαετηρίδα → ἐννεακαιδεκαετηρίδα; · de lau le Domini → de laude Domini; έργοδιώκτην cum Origenes → ἐργοδιώκτην eum Origenes.
Extrabiblical texts: Hippolytus, Antichr. (Treatise on Christ and Antichrist; allusion); Hippolytus, Haer. (Refutation of All Heresies; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.22 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 61 (PL 23:673a–674d; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-61). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 62
62PL 23:675b–676b
Alexander, episcopus Cappadociae, cum desiderio sanctorum locorum Hierosolymam pergeret, et Narcissus episcopus ejusdem urbis jam senex regeret Ecclesiam, et Narcisso et multis clericorum ejus revelatum est, altera die mane intrare episcopum, qui adjutor sacerdotalis cathedrae esse deberet. Itaque re ita completa, ut praedicta fuerat, cunctis in Palaestina episcopis in unum congregatis, adnitente quoque ipso vel maxime Narcisso, Hierosolymitanae Ecclesiae cum eo gubernaculum suscepit. Hic in fine cujusdam epistolae, quam scribit ad Antinoitas super pace Ecclesiae, ait: « Salutat vos Narcissus, qui ante me hic tenuit episcopalem locum, et nunc mecum eumdem orationibus regit, annos natus circiter centum sedecim, et vos mecum precatur ut unum idemque sapiatis. » Scripsit et aliam ad Antiochenses, per Clementem presbyterum Alexandriae, de quo supra diximus, nec non ad Origenem, et pro Origene contra Demetrium; eo quod juxta testimonium Demetrii eum presbyterum constituerit. Sed et aliae ejus ad diversos feruntur epistolae. Septima autem persecutione sub Decio, quo tempore Babylas Antiochiae passus est, ductus Caesaream, et clausus in carcere, ob confessionem Christi martyrio coronatur
Alexander, a bishop of Cappadocia, was going to Jerusalem out of desire for the holy places, while Narcissus, bishop of that city, now an old man, governed the church; and it was revealed to Narcissus and many of his clergy that on the next morning a bishop would enter who ought to be the helper of the priestly chair. So, when the thing had happened as foretold, all the bishops in Palestine being assembled together, and Narcissus himself supporting it most of all, he took up with him the government of the church of Jerusalem. At the end of a certain letter which he writes to the Antinoites about the peace of the church, he says: "Narcissus greets you, who held the bishop's place here before me, and now governs it with me by his prayers, being about one hundred and sixteen years old; and he begs you with me to be of one mind." He also wrote another to the Antiochenes by Clement, presbyter of Alexandria, of whom we spoke above, and also to Origen, and for Origen against Demetrius, because, according to Demetrius's testimony, he had made him a presbyter. Other letters of his to various people are also current. In the seventh persecution, under Decius, at the time when Babylas suffered at Antioch, he was led to Caesarea, shut in prison, and crowned with martyrdom for confessing Christ.
Phil 2:2 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander became coadjutor bishop of Jerusalem with the aged Narcissus after a revelation, wrote letters, and died a martyr under Decius.
- Eusebius, Church History 6.11, 6.14, 6.39; Rom 15:5 and Phil 2:2 ('of one mind').
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.11 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Church office, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 62 (PL 23:675b–676b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-62). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 63
63PL 23:676c–677a
Julius Africanus, cujus quinque de Temporibus exstant volumina, sub imperatore M. Aurelio Antonino, qui Macrino successerat, legationem pro instauratione urbis Emmaus suscepit, quae postea Nicopolis appellata est. Hujus est epistola ad Origenem super quaestione Susannae: eo quod dicat in Hebraeo hanc fabulam non haberi, nec convenire cum Hebraica etymologia ἀπὸ τοῦ σχίνου σχίσαι, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πρίνου πρίσαι, contra quem doctam epistolam scribit Origenes. Exstat ejus ad Aristidem altera epistola, in qua super διαφωνίᾳ, quae videtur esse in genealogia Salvatoris apud Matthaeum et Lucam, plenissime disputat.
Julius Africanus, whose five volumes On Chronology survive, under the emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, who had succeeded Macrinus, undertook an embassy for the restoration of the city of Emmaus, which was afterwards called Nicopolis. His is the letter to Origen on the question of Susanna, in which he says that this story is not found in the Hebrew, and does not agree with the Hebrew etymology of 'from the mastic tree, split' and 'from the holm oak, saw'; against which Origen writes a learned letter. There survives another letter of his, to Aristides, in which he discusses most fully the discrepancy which seems to exist in the Saviour's genealogy in Matthew and Luke.
Matt 1:1 (allusion, medium confidence) · Luke 3:23 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Julius Africanus wrote a chronography, a letter to Origen doubting Susanna, and a letter to Aristides on the genealogies of Christ.
- The puns in Susanna 54–55, 58–59 work only in Greek. Matt 1 and Luke 3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): su cepit → suscepit; άτΧ τού σχίνου σχίσαι, καί άπδ του πρίνου πρι- σαι → ἀπὸ τοῦ σχίνου σχίσαι, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πρίνου πρίσαι; διαφωνίφ → διαφωνίᾳ.
Extrabiblical texts: Julius Africanus (Julius Africanus (fragments); allusion); Origen, Ep. Afr. (Letter to Africanus; allusion); Julius Africanus, Aristid. (Letter to Aristides on the Genealogies of Christ; allusion); Sus 54-59 (Susanna [in RC, EO, ETH canons]; allusion)
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 63 (PL 23:676c–677a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-63). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 64
64PL 23:677a
Geminus, Antiochenae Ecclesiae presbyter, pauca ingenii sui monumenta composuit: florens sub Alexandro principe, et episcopo urbis suae Zebenno, eo vel maxime tempore, quo Heraclas Alexandrinae Ecclesiae pontifex ordinatus est.
Geminus, a presbyter of the church of Antioch, composed a few monuments of his genius, flourishing under the emperor Alexander and Zebennus, bishop of his city, especially at the time when Heraclas was ordained bishop of the church of Alexandria.
Notes and citation
Summary: Geminus of Antioch wrote a few works.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Heracias → Heraclas.
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 64 (PL 23:677a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-64). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 65
65PL 23:677b–678a
Theodorus, qui postea Gregorius appellatus est, Neocaesareae Ponti episcopus, admodum adolescens, ob studia Graecarum et Latinarum litterarum, de Cappadocia Berytum, et inde Caesaream Palaestinae transiit, juncto sibi fratre Athenodoro. Quorum cum egregiam indolem vidisset Origenes, hortatus est eos ad philosophiam, in qua paulatim Christi fidem subintroducens, sui quoque sectatores reddidit. Quinquennio itaque eruditi ab eo remittuntur ad matrem, e quibus Theodorus proficiscens, πανηγυρικήν ευχαριστίας scripsit Origeni: et convocata grandi frequentia, ipso quoque Origene praesente recitavit, qui usque hodie exstat. Scripsit et μετάφρασιν in Ecclesiasten, brevem quidem, sed valde utilem. Et aliae hujus vulgo feruntur epistolae, sed praecipue signa atque miracula, quae jam episcopus cum multa Ecclesiarum gloria perpetravit.
Theodore, who was afterwards called Gregory, bishop of Neocaesarea in Pontus, as a very young man, for the study of Greek and Latin letters, went from Cappadocia to Berytus and thence to Caesarea in Palestine, together with his brother Athenodorus. When Origen saw their excellent character, he urged them to philosophy, in which, gradually introducing the faith of Christ, he made them his followers too. So, after being taught by him for five years, they were sent back to their mother; and Theodore, on leaving, wrote a Panegyric of thanksgiving to Origen, and, a great crowd being assembled, recited it in Origen's own presence; it survives to this day. He also wrote a Paraphrase of Ecclesiastes, short but very useful. Other letters of his are also commonly current, but above all the signs and miracles which he performed as bishop, with much glory to the churches.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gregory Thaumaturgus, Origen's pupil, wrote a Panegyric to Origen and a Paraphrase of Ecclesiastes, and worked many miracles.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip in the digital text): Theolorus → Theodorus.
Extrabiblical texts: Gregory Thaumaturgus, Pan. Orig. (Address of Thanksgiving to Origen; allusion); Gregory Thaumaturgus, Metaph. Eccl. (Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 65 (PL 23:677b–678a; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-65). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 66
66PL 23:678a–678b
Cornelius, Romanae urbis episcopus, ad quem octo Cypriani exstant epistolae, scripsit epistolam ad Fabium Antiochenae Ecclesiae episcopum, de synodo Romana, Italica, Africana, et aliam de Novatiano, et de his qui lapsi sunt; tertiam de gestis synodi; quartam ad eumdem Fabium valde prolixam, et Novatianae haereseos causas et anathema continentem. Rexit Ecclesiam annis duobus sub Gallo et Volusiano, cui ob Christum martyrio coronato successit Lucius.
Cornelius, bishop of the city of Rome, to whom eight letters of Cyprian survive, wrote a letter to Fabius, bishop of the church of Antioch, on the Roman, Italian and African synod; another on Novatian and on those who have lapsed; a third on the acts of the synod; a fourth to the same Fabius, very long, containing the causes of the Novatian heresy and its anathema. He governed the church for two years under Gallus and Volusianus, and, when he was crowned with martyrdom for Christ, Lucius succeeded him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cornelius of Rome wrote letters to Fabius of Antioch on Novatian and the lapsed.
- Eusebius, Church History 6.43. Migne's inline note giving the year of the synod (251) is removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Migne's inline note leaked into the text; OCR slip in the digital text): ocio Cypriani → octo Cypriani; tertiam de gestis synodi (Romanoe an. 251); quartam → tertiam de gestis synodi; quartam; eum-· dem → eumdem.
Extrabiblical texts: Cornelius of Rome, Cornelius (Cornelius of Rome, Letter to Fabius of Antioch; allusion); Cyprian, Ep. (Letters; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.43 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 66 (PL 23:678a–678b; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-66). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 67
67PL 23:678b–678c
Cyprianus Afer, primum gloriose rhetoricam docuit; exinde suadente presbytero Caecilio, a quo et cognomentum sortitus est, Christianus factus, omnem substantiam suam pauperibus erogavit, ac post non multum temporis electus in presbyterum, etiam episcopus Carthaginiensis constitutus est. Hujus ingenii superfluum est indicem texere, cum sole clariora sint ejus opera. Passus est sub Valeriano et Galieno principibus, persecutione octava, eodem die quo Romae Cornelius, sed non eodem anno.
Cyprian, an African, first taught rhetoric with distinction; then, at the persuasion of the presbyter Caecilius, from whom he also took his surname, he became a Christian, gave all his property to the poor, and not long afterwards, chosen as presbyter, was also made bishop of Carthage. It is superfluous to make a list of his genius, since his works are clearer than the sun. He suffered under the emperors Valerian and Gallienus, in the eighth persecution, on the same day as Cornelius at Rome, but not in the same year.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cyprian of Carthage, convert from rhetoric, bishop and martyr under Valerian.
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 67 (PL 23:678b–678c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-67). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.
Chapter 68
68PL 23:678c
Pontius, diaconus Cypriani, usque ad diem passionis ejus cum ipso exsilium sustinens, egregium volumen vitae et passionis Cypriani reliquit.
Pontius, Cyprian's deacon, who endured exile with him until the day of his passion, left an excellent volume on the life and passion of Cyprian.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pontius wrote the Life of Cyprian.
Extrabiblical texts: Pontius, V. Cypr. (Life of Cyprian; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Jerome, Vir. ill. 68 (PL 23:678c; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/jerome-viris-illustribus/23/#p-68). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Migne's Patrologia Latina (digital text, Open Greek and Latin; corrections logged), then compared section by section with the public-domain English of NPNF² 3 (1892); differences checked against the Latin.