Against Celsus 1.4
Summary: Christian ethics resembles philosophy's because God wrote the moral law on every heart; the broken and rewritten tablets symbolize sin and renewal.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:58
Ἴδωμεν καὶ ὡς τὸν ἠθικὸν τόπον οἴεται διαβαλεῖν τῷ κοινὸν εἶναι καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους φιλοσόφους ὡς οὐ σεμνόν τι καὶ καινὸν μάθημα. πρὸς τοῦτο δὲ λεκτέον ὅτι τοῖς εἰσάγουσι κρίσιν δικαίαν θεοῦ ἀπεκέκλειστο ἂν ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτανομένοις δίκη, μὴ πάντων ἐχόντων κατὰ τὰς κοινὰς ἐννοίας πρόληψιν ὑγιῆ περὶ τοῦ ἠθικοῦ τόπου. διόπερ οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν τὸν αὐτὸν θεὸν ἅπερ ἐδίδαξε διὰ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἐγκατεσπαρκέναι ταῖς ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων ψυχαῖς· ἵνʼ ἀναπολόγητος ἐν τῇ θείᾳ κρίσει πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ᾖ, ἔχων τὸ βούλημα „τοῦ νόμου γραπτὸν“ ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ καρδίᾳ· ὅπερ ᾐνίξατο ἐν ᾧ νομίζουσιν Ἕλληνες μύθῳ ὁ λόγος ποιήσας τὸν θεὸν γεγραφέναι τῷ ἰδίῳ „δακτύλῳ“ τὰς ἐντολὰς καὶ Μωϋσεῖ δεδωκέναι, ἃς „συνέτριψεν“ ἡ κακία τῶν μοσχοποιησάντων, ὡς εἰ ἔλεγεν, ἐπέκλυσεν ἡ χύσις τῆς ἁμαρτίας. δεύτερον δὲ γράψας πάλιν ἔδωκε λατομήσαντος λίθους Μωϋσέως ὁ θεὸς, οἱονεὶ τοῦ προφητικοῦ λόγου εὐτρεπίζοντος ψυχὴν μετὰ τὴν πρώτην ἁμαρτίαν δευτέροις γράμμασι τοῦ θεοῦ.
English · Claude translation
Let us see also how he thinks he can slander our moral teaching on the ground that it is shared with the other philosophers and is not a venerable or new doctrine. To this we must say that, for those who teach a just judgment of God, punishment for sins would have been ruled out if all did not have, according to the common notions, a sound preconception about moral matters. So it is no wonder that the same God has sown in the souls of all human beings what he taught through the prophets and the Savior, so that every human being may be without excuse at the divine judgment, having the purpose "of the law written" in his own heart. This the Scripture hinted at in what the Greeks think a myth, when it portrayed God writing the commandments with his own "finger" and giving them to Moses, which the wickedness of those who made the calf "broke"—as if it were saying that the flood of sin washed them away. The second time God wrote them again and gave them after Moses had hewn stones, as though the prophetic word were preparing the soul, after the first sin, for a second writing of God.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- Allusions to Rom 2:15, Exod 31:18, 32:19, and 34:1–4. "Common notions" (κοιναὶ ἔννοιαι) and "preconception" (πρόληψις) are Stoic terms.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 1.4 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/1/4/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 1.4 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/1/4/).
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