Against Celsus 2.42
Summary: Origen says no witness records anything blameworthy in Jesus, his fulfilled predictions confirm faith, and his sufferings are a noble example, not a disgrace, except to one who thinks pain the greatest evil.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:165–166
Ἔτι δʼ ἐπεὶ βούλεται μηδὲ ἀνεπίληπτον γεγονέναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὁ Κέλσος, παραστησάτω. τίς τῶν ἀρεσκομένων τῷ λόγῳ αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀληθῶς ἐπίληπτον τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἀνέγραψεν· ἢ, εἰ μὴ ἀπὸ τούτων αὐτοῦ κατηγορεῖ ὡς ἐπιλήπτου, δεικνύτω, πόθεν μαθὼν οὐκ ἀνεπίληπτον αὐτὸν εἴρηκεν. ἐποίησε μὲν οὖν ἃ ἐπηγγείλατο πιστὰ διʼ ὧν ὠφέλησε τοὺς προσέχοντας αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς. καὶ ἀεὶ ὁρῶντες πληρούμενα τὰ εἰρημένα ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ, πρὶν γένηται, τὸ „κηρυχθῆναι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον“ ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ πορευθέντας αὐτοῦ τοὺς μαθητὰς εἰς „πάντα τὰ ἔθνη“ τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ κατηγγελκέναι, ἔτι δὲ περὶ τοῦ „ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς“ ἀχθήσεσθαι μέλλειν διʼ οὐδεμίαν ἄλλην αἰτίαν ἢ τὴν διδασκαλίαν αὐτοῦ, τεθήπαμεν αὐτὸν καὶ ὁσημέραι βεβαιοῦμεν τὴν εἰς αὐτὸν πίστιν. οὐκ οἶδα δʼ ἀπὸ ποίων μειζόνων καὶ ἐναργεστέρων ἐβούλετο αὐτὸν πιστὰ ποιῆσαι τὰ προειρημένα ὁ Κέλσος· εἰ μὴ ἄρα. ὡς φαίνεται. μὴ ἐπιστάμενος τὸν λόγον τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἄνθρωπον γενόμενον ἐβούλετο μηδὲν ἀνθρώπινον παθεῖν μηδὲ γενέσθαι ἀνθρώποις παράδειγμα γενναῖον περὶ τοῦ φέρειν τὰ συμβαίνοντα. κἂν οἴκτιστα τῷ Κέλσῳ ταῦτʼ εἶναι δοκῇ καὶ ἐπονειδιστότατα. ἐπεὶ πόνον μὲν τὸ μέγιστον οἶδε τῶν κακῶν ἡδονὴν δὲ τὸ τέλειον ἀγαθὸν, ὅπερ οὐδεὶς τῶν πρόνοιαν εἰσαγόντων φιλοσόφων καὶ ἀνδρίαν ὁμολογούντων εἶναι ἀρετὴν καὶ καρτερίαν καὶ μεγαλοψυχίαν παρεδέξατο· οὐ διέβαλεν οὖν τὴν εἰς αὐτὸν πίστιν ὁ Ἰησοῦς διʼ ὧν ὑπέμεινεν, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ἐν τοῖς ἀνδρίαν ἀποδέξασθαι βουλομένοις ἐκράτυνε καὶ ἐν τοῖς διδαχθεῖσιν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ τὸ μὲν κυρίως καὶ ἀληθῶς ζῆν τὸ μακάριον οὐκ εἶναι ἐνταῦθα ἀλλʼ „ἐν τῷ“ καλουμένῳ κατὰ τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ „μέλλοντι αἰῶνι, “ τὸ δʼ ἐν τῷ ἐνεστῶτι αἰῶνι λεγομένῳ ζῆν συμφορὰν εἶναι ἢ ἀγῶνα τὸν πρῶτον καὶ μέγιστον τῆς ψυχῆς.
English · Claude translation
Further, since Celsus will have it that Jesus was not blameless either, let him show which of those who accepted his teaching recorded anything truly blameworthy in Jesus; or, if he does not accuse him as blameworthy on the basis of these writings, let him show where he learned that he was not blameless when he said so. Jesus did do what he promised, things worthy of belief, by which he benefited those who paid heed to him. And as we continually see fulfilled what he said before it happened, that “the gospel would be preached” in the whole world, and that his disciples would go into “all the nations” and proclaim his word, and further that they would be brought “before governors and kings” for no other reason than his teaching, we are amazed at him and daily confirm our faith in him. I do not know by what greater and clearer proofs Celsus wished him to make his predictions credible; unless, as it seems, not understanding that the Word became the man Jesus, he wished him to suffer nothing human and not to become for human beings a noble example of bearing what befalls them. Even if these things seem to Celsus most pitiable and most shameful, that is because he regards pain as the greatest of evils and pleasure as the perfect good, a view that none of the philosophers who bring in providence and acknowledge courage, endurance, and greatness of soul to be virtues has accepted. Jesus, then, did not discredit faith in him by what he endured; rather he strengthened it among those who wish to embrace courage, and among those taught by him that to live properly and truly, the blessed life, is not here but “in the age to come,” as it is called in his words, while living in what is called “the present age” is a misfortune, or the first and greatest contest of the soul.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The allusions are Matt 24:14, Matt 28:19, Matt 10:18, and Matt 12:32. Origen implicitly attributes to Celsus the Epicurean view that pleasure is the highest good.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 2.42 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/2/42/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 2.42 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/2/42/).
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