Against Celsus 3.28

Summary: Origen contrasts the pointless marvels of Aristeas with the saving purpose of Jesus' miracles, foretold by the prophets, and explains that in Christ divine and human nature began to be woven together so that believers too might become divine.

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Greek text · Koetschau 1:225–226

Τί μὲν γὰρ βουλομένη ἡ πρόνοια τὰ περὶ τὸν Ἀριστέαν παράδοξα ἐπραγματεύετο, καὶ τί ὠφελῆσαι τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος βουλομένη τὰ τηλικαῦτα, ὡς οἴει, ἐπεδείκνυτο; οὐκ ἔχεις λέγειν. ἡμεῖς δὲ, ἐπὰν τὰ περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ διηγώμεθα, οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φέρομεν ἀπολογίαν περὶ τοῦ ταῦτα γεγονέναι, τὸ τὸν θεὸν βεβουλῆσθαι συστῆσαι τὸν διὰ Ἰησοῦ ὡς σωτήριον τοῖς ἀνθρώποις λόγον. βεβαιούμενον μὲν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις ὡσπερεὶ θεμελίοις τῆς καταβαλλομένης οἰκοδομῆς τοῦ χριστιανισμοῦ ἐπιδιδόντα δὲ καὶ κατὰ τοὺς ἑξῆς χρόνους, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὀλίγαι θεραπεῖαι τῷ Ἰησοῦ ὀνόματι καὶ ἄλλαι τινὲς ἐπιφάνειαι οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητοι ἐπιτελοῦνται. ποταπὸς δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἀπόλλων, ἐπισκήπτων Μεταποντίνοις ἐν θεῶν μοίρᾳ νέμειν τὸν Ἀριστέαν; καὶ τί βουλόμενος τοῦτο ποιεῖ, ποίαν τε ὠφέλειαν ἐκ τῆς ὡς πρὸς θεὸν τιμῆς οἰκονομῶν τοῖς Μεταποντίνοις γενέσθαι, εἰ τὸν πρὸ ὀλίγου ἄνθρωπον νῦν θεὸν λογίζοιντο; ἀλλʼ Ἀπόλλωνος μὲν, τοῦ καθʼ ἡμᾶς δαίμονος λαχόντος γέρας „λοιβῆς τε κνίσσης τε, “ αἱ περὶ τοῦ Ἀριστέου συστάσεις ἀξιόλογοί σοι φαίνονται εἶναι, αἱ δὲ τοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεοῦ καὶ τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ διὰ προφητῶν οὐ μετὰ τὸ γεγονέναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀλλὰ πρὶν ἐπιδημῆσαι τῷ βίῳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων προαγορευόμεναι οὐ κινοῦσί σε πρὸς τὸ θαυμάσαι καὶ τοὺς χωρήσαντας θεῖον πνεῦμα προφήτας καὶ τὸν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν προφητευόμενον; οὗ τὴν εἰς τὸν βίον ἐπιδημίαν πολλοῖς πρότερον ἔτεσιν οὕτω διὰ πλειόνων κεκηρύχθαι συμβέβηκεν, ὥστε τὸ Ἰουδαίων ὅλον ἔθνος ἠρτημένον τῆς περὶ τοῦ ἐλπιζομένου ἐπιδημήσειν προσδοκίας εἰς τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ζήτησιν ἐληλυθέναι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐπιδημήσαντος, καὶ πολὺ μὲν πλῆθος αὐτῶν ὡμολογηκέναι Χριστὸν καὶ πεπιστευκέναι αὐτὸν εἶναι τὸν προφητευόμενον τοὺς δὲ μὴ πιστεύοντας, καταφρονήσαντας τῆς πρᾳότητος τῶν διὰ τὰ Ἰησοῦ μαθήματα οὐδὲ μέχρι τοῦ τυχόντος στασιάζειν βουληθέντων, τολμῆσαι κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοιαῦτα, ἅτινα φιλαλήθως καὶ εὐγνωμόνως ἀνέγραψαν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, οὐχ ὑπεκκλέψαντες τῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ παραδόξου ἱστορίας τὸ δοκοῦν τοῖς πολλοῖς αἰσχύνην τῷ λόγῳ Χριστιανῶν φέρειν. καὶ αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐβούλετο καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ μὴ μόνον τῇ θειότητι καὶ τοῖς παραδόξοις αὐτοῦ πιστεύειν τοὺς προσιόντας, ὡς οὐ κοινωνήσαντος τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ φύσει οὐδʼ ἀναλαβόντος τὴν ἐν ἀνθρώποις σάρκα ἐπιθυμοῦσαν „κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος“· ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ τὴν καταβᾶσαν εἰς ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν καὶ εἰς ἀνθρωπίνας περιστάσεις δύναμιν καὶ ἀναλαβοῦσαν ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα ἀνθρώπινον ἑώρων ἐκ τοῦ πιστεύεσθαι μετὰ τῶν θειοτέρων συμβαλλομένην εἰς σωτηρίαν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν, ὁρῶσιν ὅτι ἀπʼ ἐκείνου ἤρξατο θεία καὶ ἀνθρωπίνη συνυφαίνεσθαι φύσις, ἵνʼ ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη τῇ πρὸς τὸ θειότερον κοινωνίᾳ γένηται θεία οὐκ ἐν μόνῳ τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς μετὰ τοῦ πιστεύειν ἀναλαμβάνουσι βίον, ὃν Ἰησοῦς ἐδίδαξεν, ἀνάγοντα ἐπὶ τὴν πρὸς θεὸν φιλίαν καὶ τὴν πρὸς ἐκεῖνον κοινωνίαν πάντα τὸν κατὰ τὰς Ἰησοῦ ὑποθήκας ζῶντα.

English · Claude translation

For what purpose did providence bring about the marvels concerning Aristeas, and what did it wish to benefit the human race by displaying such great things, as you think? You cannot say. But we, when we relate what concerns Jesus, bring no ordinary defense of these things having happened: that God wished to establish the word through Jesus as saving for mankind, made firm on the apostles as on the foundations of the building of Christianity that was being laid, and growing also in the times that followed, in which not a few healings are performed in the name of Jesus, and certain other manifestations not to be despised. And what sort of being is Apollo, commanding the Metapontines to count Aristeas among the gods? For what purpose does he do this, and what benefit does he arrange for the Metapontines from the honor paid to him as a god, if they should reckon a man of a little while ago as now a god? But the recommendations about Aristeas by Apollo, who in our view is a daemon that has obtained the privilege “of libation and the savor of sacrifice,” seem to you worthy of note; while those of the God over all and his holy angels, proclaimed through prophets not after Jesus came but before he came to dwell in human life, do not move you to admire both the prophets who received a divine Spirit and the one prophesied by them? His coming into the world was proclaimed so many years before by so many that the whole Jewish nation, hanging on the expectation of the one hoped to come, came to dispute among themselves when Jesus came; and a great multitude of them confessed Christ and believed him to be the one prophesied, while those who did not believe, despising the gentleness of those who, because of Jesus' teachings, would not rebel even in the least, dared such things against Jesus as his disciples truthfully and fairly recorded, not stealing away from his marvelous story what seems to most to bring shame on the Christian teaching. For Jesus himself and his disciples wished those who came to them to believe not only in his divinity and his marvels, as if he had not shared in human nature or taken the flesh that among human beings desires “against the Spirit”; but they saw that the power which came down into human nature and human circumstances, and took a human soul and body, contributes, by being believed together with the more divine things, to the salvation of believers. For they see that from him the divine and human natures began to be woven together, so that the human, by communion with what is more divine, might become divine, not in Jesus alone but also in all who with faith take up the life Jesus taught, which leads to friendship and communion with God everyone who lives according to Jesus' precepts.

About this passage

Source
Koetschau 1:225–226 · Paul Koetschau, ed., Origenes Werke 1–2: Gegen Celsus, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899) · Greek text: P. Koetschau, Origenes Werke 1–2 (GCS 2–3, 1899), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Koetschau, GCS 2–3. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Koetschau, GCS 2–3; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Scripture
Extrabiblical texts
  • Homer, Il. 4.49 (Homer, Iliad) · quotation, high confidence
Topics
Christology

Notes

Translation notes

  • The Homeric phrase is Iliad 4.49 (24.70); “desires against the Spirit” is Gal 5:17. Origen's statement that human nature may “become divine” by communion with God is his teaching on deification.

Cite this passage

Origen, Cels. 3.28 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/28/).

Plain text
Origen, Cels. 3.28 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/28/).

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