Against Celsus 5.30
Summary: Origen reads Babel as a hidden account of souls that leave the 'east' of divine light, build pridefully with material things, and are handed over, according to their guilt, to angels who assign them languages and lands.
Greek text · Koetschau 2:31–32
Νοείσθωσαν τοίνυν πάντες οἱ ἐπὶ γῆς μιᾷ τινι διαλέκτῳ θείᾳ χρώμενοι, καὶ ὅσον γε συμφωνοῦσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους τηρείσθωσαν ἐν τῇ θείᾳ διαλέκτῳ· καὶ ἔστωσαν ἀκίνητοι „τῶν ἀνατολῶν.“ ἐς ὅσον εἰσὶ τὰ τοῦ φωτὸς καὶ τοῦ ἀπὸ „φωτὸς ἀϊδίου“ ἀπαυγάσματος φρονοῦντες. καὶ οὗτοι, ἐπὰν κινήσωσιν „ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνατολῶν“ ἑαυτοὺς ἀλλότρια „ἀνατολῶν“ φρονοῦντες, εὑρισκέτωσαν „πεδίον ἐν γῇ Σενναὰρ, “ ὅπερ ἑρμηνεύεται ὀδόντων ἐκτιναγμὸς κατὰ σύμβολον τοῦ ἀπολλύναι αὐτοὺς τὰ διʼ ὧν τρέφονται, καὶ κατοικείτωσαν ἐκεῖ. εἶτα τὰ τῆς ὕλης συναγαγεῖν θέλοντες καὶ κολλᾶν τὰ μὴ πεφυκότα κολλᾶσθαι οὐρανῷ, ἵνα διὰ τῶν ὑλικῶν ἐπιβουλεύσωσι τοῖς ἀΰλοις, λεγέτωσαν· „δεῦτε πλινθεύσωμεν πλίνθους καὶ ὀπτήσωμεν αὐτὰς πυρί.“ ὡς οὖν κρατύνοντες καὶ πηγνύντες τὰ πήλινα καὶ ὑλικὰ καὶ τὴν πλίνθον λίθον ποιεῖν θέλοντες καὶ τὸν πηλὸν ἄσφαλτον καὶ διὰ τούτων οἰκοδομεῖν „πόλιν καὶ πύργον, οὗ“ ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ ὑπολήψει αὐτῶν „ἔσται ἡ κεφαλὴ ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ“ κατὰ τὰ ὑπεραιρόμενα ὑψώματα κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ θεοῦ, παραδιδόσθωσαν ἕκαστος κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς „ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν“ κινήσεως, ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἢ ἐπʼ ἔλαττον αὐτοῖς γεγενημένης, καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς κατασκευῆς τῶν πλίνθων εἰς λίθους καὶ τοῦ πηλοῦ εἰς ἄσφαλτον καὶ τῆς ἐκ τούτων οἰκοδομῆς ἀγγέλοις, ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἢ ἐπʼ ἔλαττον χαλεπωτέροις καὶ τοιοῖσδε ἢ τοιοῖσδε, ἕως τίσωσι δίκας ἐφʼ οἷς τετολμήκασι· καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἀγέσθωσαν ἕκαστος τῶν ἐμποιησάντων τὴν οἰκείαν ἑαυτοῖς διάλεκτον ἐπὶ τὰ μέρη τῆς γῆς κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀξίαν, οἵδε μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν φέρʼ εἰπεῖν καυσώδη χώραν ἄλλοι δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν διὰ τὸ κατεψῦχθαι κολάζουσαν τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας, καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν δυσγεωργητοτέραν ἄλλοι δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἔλαττον τοιαύτην, καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν πεπληρωμένην θηρίων οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἔλαττον ἔχουσαν αὐτά.
English · Claude translation
Let all those on earth, then, be understood as using one divine language, and as long as they are in harmony with one another, let them be kept in the divine language; and let them remain unmoved "from the east," as long as they think the thoughts of the light and of the radiance from "eternal light." And these, when they move themselves "from the east," thinking thoughts foreign to "the east," let them find "a plain in the land of Shinar," which is interpreted "shaking out of teeth," as a symbol of their losing the means by which they are nourished; and let them settle there. Then, wishing to gather together the things of matter and to join to heaven what cannot by nature be joined to it, so as to plot against immaterial things by means of material ones, let them say: "Come, let us make bricks and bake them with fire." So, as they harden and set fast the clay and material things, wishing to make brick into stone and clay into bitumen, and by these to build "a city and a tower whose" (as far as their supposition goes) "top will reach to heaven," according to the lofty things raised up against the knowledge of God, let them each be handed over, in proportion to their movement "from the east," which has happened to a greater or lesser degree, and in proportion to their making bricks into stones and clay into bitumen and building from these, to angels, harsher to a greater or lesser degree, and of this kind or that, until they pay the penalty for what they have dared. And let them be led by the angels, each of whom produced for them their own language, to the parts of the earth according to their deserts: some, for example, to a scorching land, others to one that punishes its inhabitants by its cold, some to one harder to farm and others to one less so, some to one full of wild beasts and others to one with fewer.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The allusions are Gen 11:2–4, Wis 7:26 ("radiance of eternal light"), and 2 Cor 10:5. The etymology of Shinar ("shaking out of teeth") is traditional Hebrew-name lore. This allegory of souls' descent is Origen's speculative teaching.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 5.30 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/5/30/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 5.30 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/5/30/).
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