Against Celsus 5.57

Summary: Greek philosophers like Chrysippus, Plutarch, and Numenius report supernatural appearances and are believed; Christians who would rather die than lie about God deserve at least equal credence when they report angels.

Textual problem in this passage: the printed text is uncertain or disputed here. See the notes.

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Greek text · Koetschau 2:60–61

Παράδοξα δὲ πράγματα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐπιφαίνεσθαί ποτε καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἱστόρησαν οὐ μόνον οἱ ὑπονοηθέντες ἂν ὡς μυθοποιοῦντες ἀλλὰ καὶ (οἱ) οἷον πολὺ ἐπιδειξάμενοι γνησίως φιλοσοφεῖν καὶ φιλαλήθως ἐκτίθεσθαι τὰ εἰς αὐτοὺς φθάσαντα. τοιαῦτα δʼ ἀνέγνωμεν παρὰ τῷ Σολεῖ Χρυσίππῳ, τινὰ δὲ παρὰ Πυθαγόρᾳ, ἤδη δὲ καὶ παρά τισι τῶν νεωτέρων καὶ χθὲς καὶ πρώην γεγενημένων, ὥσπερ παρὰ τῷ Χαιρωνεῖ Πλουτάρχῳ ἐν τοῖς περὶ ψυχῆς καὶ τῷ Πυθαγορείῳ Νουμηνίῳ ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ περὶ ἀφθαρσίας ψυχῆς. ἢ Ἕλληνες μὲν ἐὰν τοιαῦτα διηγῶνται καὶ μάλιστα οἱ ἐν αὐτοῖς φιλοσοφοῦντες, οὐ χλεύη οὐδὲ γέλως τὰ λεγόμενα οὐδὲ πλάσματα καὶ μῦθοί εἰσιν, ἐὰν δʼ οἱ τῷ θεῷ τῶν ὅλων ἀνακείμενοι καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηδὲ μέχρι φωνῆς ψεῦδος εἰπεῖν περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ πᾶσαν αἰκίαν μέχρι θανάτου ἀναδεχόμενοι ὡς ἰδόντες ἀπαγγέλλωσιν ἀγγέλων ἐπιφανείας, οὐκ ἄξιοι τοῦ πιστεύεσθαι κρίνονται οὐδὲ οἱ λόγοι αὐτῶν ἐν ἀληθέσι κατατάττονται; ἀλλʼ οὐκ εὔλογον οὕτω κρίνειν τὰ περὶ ἀληθευόντων ἢ ψευδομένων. οἱ γὰρ τὸ ἀνεξαπάτητον ἀσκοῦντες μετὰ πολλῆς καὶ ἀκριβοῦς ἐρεύνης καὶ ἐξετάσεως τῶν κατὰ τοὺς τόπους βράδιον καὶ ἀσφαλῶς ἀποφαίνονται περὶ τοῦ τοὺς τοιουσδὶ μὲν ἀληθεύειν τοὺς τοιουσδὶ δὲ ψεύδεσθαι ἐν οἷς ἱστοροῦσι παραδόξοις, οὔτε πάντων τὸ τοῦ πιστεύεσθαι ἄξιον ἐπιδεικνυμένων οὔτε πάντων [τῶν] ἐναργῶς ἀποδεικνυμένων πλάσματα καὶ μύθους τοῖς ἀνθρώποις παραδεδωκέναι. ἔτι δὲ περὶ τῆς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεως καὶ ταῦτα λεκτέον, ὅτι τότε μὲν ἕνα ἢ δεύτερον ὦφθαι ἄγγελον, ἀγγέλλοντα αὐτὸν ἐγηγέρθαι καὶ προνοεῖσθαι τῶν ἐπὶ ὠφελείᾳ ἑαυτῶν περὶ τοῦ τοιούτου πιστευόντων, οὐ θαυμαστόν· ἀεὶ δὲ τοὺς τοιούτους τῷ ἐγηγέρθαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν πιστεύοντας, καρπὸν τοῦ πιστεύειν οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητον ἐπιδεικνυμένους τὸν ἐῤῥωμένον βίον καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς χύσεως τῶν κακῶν μεταβολὴν, οὐ χωρὶς ἐφαπτομένων τῶν βοηθούντων αὐτῶν τῇ πρὸς θεὸν ἐπιστροφῇ ἀγγέλων γίνεσθαι, οὐκ ἄλογον εἶναί μοι φαίνεται.

English · Claude translation

That marvellous things have sometimes appeared to human beings has been reported even by the Greeks, not only by those who might be suspected of making up myths, but also by those who have shown in many ways that they practise philosophy genuinely and set out truthfully what reached them. We have read such things in Chrysippus of Soli, some in Pythagoras, and even in some more recent writers who lived only yesterday or the day before, such as Plutarch of Chaeronea in his work On the Soul and Numenius the Pythagorean in the second book of On the Incorruptibility of the Soul. Or is it that if Greeks, and especially the philosophers among them, narrate such things, what they say is not mockery or laughter, nor fictions and myths; but if those devoted to the God of the universe, who for the sake of not uttering even with their voice a falsehood about God accept every outrage even to death, report appearances of angels as having seen them, they are judged unworthy of belief and their words are not ranked among true ones? But it is not reasonable to judge thus about those who tell the truth or lie. For those who train themselves not to be deceived, after much careful research and examination of each subject, declare more slowly and securely that such people are truthful and such others lie in the marvels they report, since not all show themselves worthy of belief, nor are all plainly shown to have handed down fictions and myths to human beings. Further, concerning the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, this too must be said: that at that time one or two angels were seen, announcing that he had risen and caring for those who believed this to their own benefit, is no wonder. And it seems to me not unreasonable that those who always so believe that Jesus has risen, and who show as a fruit of their belief, not to be despised, a vigorous life and a change from the flood of evils, do not live without angels who help them in their turning to God taking hold of them.

About this passage

Source
Koetschau 2:60–61 · Paul Koetschau, ed., Origenes Werke 1–2: Gegen Celsus, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899) · Greek text: P. Koetschau, Origenes Werke 1–2 (GCS 2–3, 1899), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Koetschau, GCS 2–3. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; the problem in this passage is discussed in the notes.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Koetschau, GCS 2–3; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Extrabiblical texts
  • Chrysippus (Chrysippus) · allusion, medium confidence
  • Numenius, On the Incorruptibility of the Soul 2 (Numenius of Apamea) · allusion, high confidence
Topics
Martyrdom

Notes

Translation notes

  • Chrysippus's report, Plutarch's On the Soul, and Numenius's On the Incorruptibility of the Soul are lost. The parenthetical (οἱ) and the deleted [τῶν] are the editor's.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (missing accent in the digital text): ὑπονοηθέντες αν ὡς → ὑπονοηθέντες ἂν ὡς.

Cite this passage

Origen, Cels. 5.57 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/5/57/).

Plain text
Origen, Cels. 5.57 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/5/57/).

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