Against Celsus 7.59
Summary: A true doctrine is not discredited because Greeks also said it; as a wholesome food prepared for the many does more good than a delicacy for the few, so plain teaching for all is better than refined teaching for a few.
Greek text · Koetschau 2:208–209
Πρὸς τοῦτο δὴ καὶ πρὸς πάντα, ὅσα ἐκοινοποίησεν ὁ Κέλσος, μὴ δυνηθεὶς αὐτῶν ἀντιβλέψαι τῇ ἀληθότητι, φάσκων αὐτὰ καὶ παρʼ Ἕλλησιν εἰρῆσθαι, τοιαῦτα λεκτέον· εἰ ὠφέλιμόν ἐστι τὸ δόγμα καὶ τὸ βούλημα αὐτοῦ ὑγιὲς, εἴρηται δὲ Ἕλλησι μὲν παρὰ Πλάτωνι ἤ τινι τῶν Ἑλλήνων σοφῶν, Ἰουδαίοις δὲ παρὰ Μωϋσεῖ ἤ τινι τῶν προφητῶν, Χριστιανοῖς δὲ (ἐν) τοῖς ἀναγραφεῖσιν Ἰησοῦ λόγοις ἢ λελεγμένοις παρά τινι τῶν ἀποστόλων αὐτοῦ· οὐ νομιστέον κατηγορεῖσθαι τὸ λεγόμενον παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις ἢ παρὰ Χριστιανοῖς ἐκ τοῦ καὶ παρʼ Ἕλλησιν αὐτὰ εἰρῆσθαι, καὶ μάλιστα ἐὰν ἀποδεικνύηται τὰ Ἰουδαίων πρεσβύτερα τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν. οὐδὲ πάλιν ὑπὸ τοῦ κάλλους τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς φράσεως λεγόμενον τὸ αὐτὸ πάντως κρεῖττον εἶναι νομιστέον τοῦ εὐτελέστερον ἀπαγγελλομένου καὶ ἁπλουστέραις λέξεσι παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις ἢ Χριστιανοῖς· καίτοι γε ἡ πρώτη Ἰουδαίων λέξις, ᾗ οἱ προφῆται χρησάμενοι καταλελοίπασιν ἡμῖν βιβλία. Ἑβραίων διαλέκτῳ καὶ σοφῇ συνθέσει τῶν ἐν τῇ διαλέκτῳ κατʼ ἐκείνους ἀναγέγραπται. εἰ δὲ χρὴ καὶ τὴν τῶν δογμάτων ταυτότητα, κἂν παράδοξος ὁ λόγος εἶναι δοκῇ, δεῖξαι βέλτιον εἰρημένην παρὰ τοῖς Ἰουδαίων προφήταις ἢ τοῖς λόγοις Χριστιανῶν, οὕτω τὸν λόγον κατασκευαστέον ἀπό τινος τοῦ περὶ τὰς τροφὰς καὶ τὴν σκευασίαν αὐτῶν παραδείγματος. ἔστω τι ὑγιεινὸν βρῶμα καὶ ἰσχύος τοῖς ἐσθίουσιν ἐμποιητικὸν. τοῦτο δὲ οὕτως μὲν σκευασθὲν καὶ τοιοῖσδε ἡδύσμασιν ἀρτυθὲν λαμβανέτωσαν οὐχ οἱ μὴ μανθάνοντες ἄγροικοι καὶ ἐν ἐπαύλεσιν ἀνατεθραμμένοι καὶ πένητες τὰ τοιάδε ἐσθίειν ἀλλʼ οἱ πλούσιοι καὶ ἁβροδίαιτοι μόνοι· οὐκ ἐκείνως δὲ καὶ ὡς δοκεῖ τοῖς νομιζομένοις καθαριωτέροις σκευασθὲν. ἀλλʼ ὡς μεμαθήκασιν ἐσθίειν οἱ πένητες καὶ οἱ ἀγροικότεροι καὶ οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. ἐσθιέτωσαν μυριάδες ὅλαι. εἰ οὖν καὶ διδοῖτο ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς τοιασδὶ σκευασίας (τοὺς) νομιζομένους καθαριωτέρους μόνους ὑγιάζεσθαι. οὐδενὸς τῶν πολλῶν προσβάλλοντος τοῖς τοιοῖσδε βρώμασιν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς τοιασδὶ τὰ πλήθη τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὑγιεινότερον διάγειν· τίνας μᾶλλον τοῦ κοινωνικοῦ ἕνεκεν ἀποδεξόμεθα τῶν ὑγιεινῶν βρωμάτων χάριν; ἆρά γε τοὺς τοῖς λογίοις χρησίμως αὐτὰ σκευάζοντας ἢ τοὺς τοῖς πλήθεσι; τῆς ἴσης (δεδόσθω γὰρ) ὑγιείας καὶ εὐεξίας ἐγγινομένης ἀπὸ τῶν οὑτωσὶ σκευασθέντων ἢ οὑτωσὶ, ἀλλὰ φανερὸν ὅτι αὐτὸ τὸ φιλάνθρωπον καὶ τὸ κοινωνικὸν ὑποβάλλει κοινωφελέστερον εἶναι ἰατρὸν τὸν τῆς τῶν πολλῶν ὑγιείας προνοησάμενον ἤπερ τὸν τῆς ὀλίγων μόνων.
English · Claude translation
To this, then, and to everything Celsus has put forward as common property, being unable to look its truth in the face and saying that these things were said among the Greeks too, we must reply as follows. If a doctrine is beneficial and its intention sound, and it has been said among the Greeks by Plato or one of the Greek wise men, among the Jews by Moses or one of the prophets, and among Christians in the recorded words of Jesus or in what was said by one of his apostles, we must not think that what is said among the Jews or Christians is discredited because it was also said among the Greeks, especially if it is shown that the writings of the Jews are older than those of the Greeks. Nor again must we think that the same thing said in the beauty of Greek style is by all means better than what is expressed more plainly and in simpler words among Jews or Christians; although the original language of the Jews, in which the prophets left us books, was written in the Hebrew tongue and with a skilful arrangement of what is in that tongue as they used it. And if we must show that even the identity of doctrines, strange as the claim may seem, is better expressed by the prophets of the Jews or in the words of Christians, the argument should be built on an example taken from foods and their preparation. Suppose there is a wholesome food that makes those who eat it strong. Let it be prepared in one way and seasoned with certain sauces, and taken not by country people, raised on farms, and the poor, who have not learned to eat such things, but only by the rich and luxurious; and let it be prepared in another way, not as seems good to those thought more refined, but as the poor and the rustics and the majority of mankind have learned to eat, and let whole multitudes eat it. If, then, it were granted that from the one preparation only those thought more refined become healthy, none of the many touching such food, while from the other the multitudes of mankind live more healthily, which should we approve more, for the common good, on account of the wholesome food: those who prepare it usefully for the learned, or those who prepare it for the multitudes? Granted (for let it be granted) that equal health and vigour result from food prepared in the one way or the other, it is still clear that love of humankind and concern for the common good suggest that the physician who has cared for the health of the many is more generally beneficial than one who has cared only for the health of a few.
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Origen, Cels. 7.59 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/7/59/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 7.59 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/7/59/).
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