Against Celsus 8.44

Summary: The martyrs' deaths break the demons' power, which is why persecution pauses and resumes; the demons and the judges rejoice when a Christian denies under torture, and a Christian who flees does so in obedience to Christ, not from cowardice.

Show

Greek text · Koetschau 2:258–259

Ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν διὰ χριστιανισμὸν ἀποθνῃσκόντων διʼ εὐσέβειαν μετʼ εὐκλείας ἀπαλλαττόμεναι τοῦ σώματος καθῄρουν τὴν δύναμιν τῶν δαιμόνων καὶ ἀτονωτέραν αὐτῶν ἐποίουν τὴν κατὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπιβουλὴν, διὰ τοῦτο οἶμαι τῇ πείρᾳ μαθόντες οἱ δαίμονες ἑαυτοὺς ἡττωμένους καὶ κρατουμένους ὑπὸ τῶν μαρτύρων τῆς ἀληθείας ἐφοβήθησαν πάλιν ἥκειν ἐπὶ τὸ ἀμύνεσθαι· καὶ οὕτως, ἕως ἐπιλάθωνται ὧν πεπόνθασι πόνων, εἰκὸς εἶναι τὴν τοῦ κόσμου πρὸς Χριστιανοὺς εἰρήνην. ἐπὰν δὲ συλλέξωνται τὴν δύναμιν καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς κακίας τυφλούμενοι πάλιν ἀμύνεσθαι θέλωσι καὶ Χριστιανοὺς διώκειν, πάλιν καθαιρεθήσονται· καὶ τότε πάλιν αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν εὐσεβούντων καὶ διʼ εὐσέβειαν ἀποδυομένων τὰ σώματα καθελοῦσι τὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ στρατόπεδον. ἐγὼ δʼ οἶμαι ὅτι αἰσθόμενοι οἱ δαίμονες ὅτι οἱ μὲν νικῶντες καὶ διʼ εὐσέβειαν ἀποθνῄσκοντες καθαιροῦσιν αὐτῶν τὴν δυναστείαν οἱ δὲ διὰ τοὺς πόνους ἡττώμενοι καὶ τὴν θεοσέβειαν ἀρνούμενοι ὑποχείριοι ἐκείνοις γίνονται, ἔσθʼ ὅτε προσφιλονεικοῦσι τοῖς παραδιδομένοις Χριστιανοῖς, ὡς κολαζόμενοι μὲν ὑπὸ τῆς ὁμολογίας αὐτῶν ἀναπαυόμενοι δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρνήσει αὐτῶν. καὶ ἔστιν γε τούτων ἴχνη θεάσασθαι καὶ ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, κολαζομένοις μὲν ὑπὸ τοῖς ὑπομένουσι τὰς αἰκίας καὶ τὰς βασάνους γαυρουμένοις δὲ, ὅταν Χριστιανὸς ἡττηθῇ. καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ διὰ δοκοῦσαν αὐτοῖς φιλανθρωπίαν ταῦτα ποιοῦσι, σαφῶς ὁρῶντες ὅτι „ἡ“ μὲν „γλῶσσα“ τῶν νικωμένων ὑπὸ πόνου ὀμώμοκεν, „ἡ δὲ φρήν“ ἐστιν „ἀνώμοτος“ καὶ ταῦτα δʼ εἰς τὸ ἀλλʼ οὗτοί γε καὶ σφόδρα ἀμύνονται τὸν βλασφημοῦντα, ἤτοι φεύγοντα διὰ τοῦτο καὶ κρυπτόμενον ἢ ἁλισκόμενον καὶ ἀπολλύμενον. κἂν φεύγῃ δέ τις Χριστιανὸς, οὐ διὰ δειλίαν φεύγει. ἀλλὰ τηρῶν ἐντολὴν τοῦ διδασκάλου καὶ ἑαυτὸν φυλάττων καθαρὸν ἑτέρων ὠφεληθησομένων σωτηρίᾳ.

English · Claude translation

But since the souls of those who die for Christianity out of piety, departing from the body with glory, destroyed the power of the demons and made their plotting against men weaker, for this reason, I think, the demons, having learned by experience that they are defeated and overcome by the martyrs of the truth, have been afraid to come back to taking vengeance; and so, until they forget the troubles they have suffered, it is likely that the world will be at peace with Christians. But when they gather their strength and, blinded by wickedness, wish again to take vengeance and persecute Christians, they will be overthrown again; and then again the souls of the pious, putting off their bodies for piety's sake, will overthrow the army of the evil one. And I think that the demons, perceiving that those who conquer and die for piety destroy their dominion, while those who are defeated by their sufferings and deny their worship of God become subject to them, sometimes contend hard with the Christians who are handed over, as though punished by their confession and relieved by their denial. One can see traces of this even in the judges, who are pained by those who endure the outrages and tortures, and exult when a Christian is defeated. For they do not do this out of what they think is kindness, since they see clearly that “the tongue” of those overcome by pain “has sworn, but the mind” is “unsworn.” Let this be said also in answer to “But these at least take severe vengeance on the blasphemer, who either flees and hides for this reason, or is caught and destroyed.” And if a Christian flees, he does not flee out of cowardice, but keeping his Teacher's command, and preserving himself pure for the salvation of others who will be helped.

About this passage

Source
Koetschau 2:258–259 · Paul Koetschau, ed., Origenes Werke 1–2: Gegen Celsus, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899) · Greek text: P. Koetschau, Origenes Werke 1–2 (GCS 2–3, 1899), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Koetschau, GCS 2–3. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Koetschau, GCS 2–3; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Scripture
Extrabiblical texts
  • Euripides, Hipp. 612 (Euripides (plays and fragments)) · quotation, high confidence
Topics
Martyrdom, Persecution

Notes

Translation notes

  • The quotation is Euripides, Hippolytus 612. The command to flee is Matt 10:23.

Cite this passage

Origen, Cels. 8.44 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/8/44/).

Plain text
Origen, Cels. 8.44 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/8/44/).

Download citation:BibTeX ·RIS (Zotero, EndNote)

Whole work:BibTeX ·RIS ·Markdown text

Report an error in this passage