Oration to the Greeks 10

Summary: The gods of myth change shape for their lusts, and the constellations honor adulterers and even the dead favorite Antinous.

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Greek text · Otto 6:44–48

Μεταμόρφωσις ἀνθρώποις μεμυθολόγηται· μεταμορφοῦνται δὲ παρʼ ὑμῖν καὶ οἱ θεοί. Δένδρον ἡ Ῥέα γίνεται, δράκων δὲ ὁ Ζεὺς διὰ τὴν Φερσέφατταν, αἴγειροι αἱ τοῦ Φαέθοντος ἀδελφαί, καὶ ἡ Λητὼ ζῶον εὐτελές, διʼ ἣν Ὀρτυγία Δῆλος ἡ νῦν κέκληται. Θεὸς εἰπέ μοι κύκνος γίνεται, καὶ τὴν ἀετοῦ μορφὴν ἀναλαμβάνει, καὶ διʼ οἰνοχοΐαν τοῦ Γανυμήδους τῇ παιδεραστίᾳ σεμνύνεται; Τί μοι σέβειν θεοὺς δωρολήπτας, καὶ ὀργιζομένους ἂν μὴ λάβωσιν; Ἐχέτωσαν οὗτοι τὴν εἱμαρμένην· τοὺς πλανήτας προσκυνεῖν οὐ βούλομαι. Τίς ἐστιν ὁ Βερενίκης πλόκαμος; Ποῦ δὲ οἱ ἀστέρες αὐτῆς πρὶν τὴν προειρημένην ἀποθανεῖν; Πῶς δὲ ὁ τεθνεὼς Ἀντίνοος μειράκιον ἐν τῇ σελήνῃ ὡραῖον καθίδρυται; Τίς ὁ ἀναβιβάσας αὐτόν, εἰ μή τις καὶ τοῦτον, ὡς τοὺς βασιλέας μισθοῦ διʼ ἐπιορκίας τις, τοὺς θεοὺς καταγελῶν, εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεληλυθέναι φήσας πεπίστευται, κατὰ τὸ ὅμοιον θεολογήσας τιμῆς καὶ δωρεᾶς ἠξίωται; Τί μοι τὸν θεὸν σεσυλήκατε; Τί δὲ αὐτοῦ τὴν ποίησιν ἀτιμάζετε; Θύεις πρόβατον, τὸ δʼ αὐτὸ προσκυνεῖς· ταῦρός ἐστιν ἐν οὐρανῷ, καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα σφάττεις αὐτοῦ. Ζῶον πονηρὸν ὁ ἐνγόνασι ἐκθλίβει· καὶ τὸν ἀνθρωποποιὸν Προμηθέα καταφαγὼν ἀετὸς τετίμηται. Καλὸς ὁ κύκνος, ὅτι μοιχὸς ἦν· καλοὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ ἑτεροήμεροι Διόσκουροι, τῶν Λευκιππίδων οἱ ἁρπασταί. Κρείττων ἡ Ἑλένη, τὸν μὲν καρήξανθον Μενέλαον καταλιποῦσα, τῷ δὲ μιτρηφόρῳ καὶ πολυχρύσῳ Πάριδι κατακολουθοῦσα. Δίκαιος καὶ Σώφρων, ὁ τὴν ἐκπορνεύσασαν εἰς Ἠλύσια πεδία μετατεθεικώς. Ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ ἡ Τυνδαρὶς ἀπηθανάτισται· καὶ σοφῶς ὁ Εὐριπίδης ὑπὸ Ὀρέστου τῆς προειρημένης γυναικὸς τὴν ἀναίρεσιν παρεισήγαγε.

English · Claude translation

Metamorphosis is told in myths of human beings, but among you the gods too are transformed. Rhea becomes a tree; Zeus a serpent, because of Persephone; the sisters of Phaethon, poplars; and Leto a common bird, because of which the island now called Delos was called Ortygia. Tell me, does a god become a swan, take the form of an eagle, and, using Ganymede as his cupbearer, glory in pederasty? Why should I revere gods who take bribes and are angry if they do not receive them? Let them keep their fate; I will not worship the planets. What is the Lock of Berenice? And where were its stars before that woman died? And how was the dead Antinous installed in the moon as a handsome youth? Who carried him up there, unless someone, just as with the emperors someone perjures himself for pay, mocking the gods, and is believed when he says they have ascended into heaven, likewise made a god of Antinous and was thought worthy of honor and reward? Why have you robbed God? And why do you dishonor his workmanship? You sacrifice a sheep and you worship the same animal; there is a bull in the sky, and you slaughter its image. The Kneeler crushes a noxious creature; and the eagle that devoured Prometheus, the maker of human beings, is honored. The swan is splendid, because it was an adulterer; splendid too are the Dioscuri, who live on alternate days, the ravishers of the daughters of Leucippus. Better still is Helen, who left fair-haired Menelaus and followed Paris with his turban and his gold. Just and self-controlled too is he who moved the woman who played the harlot to the Elysian fields. But not even the daughter of Tyndareus has been made immortal; and Euripides wisely brought in her killing by Orestes.

About this passage

Source
Otto 6:44–48 · Johann Carl Theodor Otto, ed., Tatiani Oratio ad Graecos, Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 6 (Jena: Mauke, 1851) · Greek text: J. C. T. Otto, Tatiani Oratio ad Graecos (Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 6, 1851), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Otto, CorpApol 6. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Otto (1851); made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Scripture

Notes

Translation notes

  • Leto was said to have become a quail (ὄρτυξ), hence the name Ortygia for Delos.
  • Antinous, the favorite of the emperor Hadrian, drowned in AD 130 and was deified. At imperial funerals a witness would swear that he had seen the emperor's soul ascend to heaven; Tatian says such witnesses were paid.
  • The Kneeler (ὁ Ἐγγόνασιν) is the constellation later called Hercules.
  • The daughter of Tyndareus is Helen: in Euripides' Orestes, Orestes tries to kill her, and she vanishes.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (misprint Προμηθία for Προμηθέα (accusative of Προμηθεύς); accent: grave on καταφαγὼν before a following word; misprint: Λ for Δ (“just”); missing accent): τὸν θεον σεσυλήκατε → τὸν θεὸν σεσυλήκατε; Προμηθία καταφαγών → Προμηθέα καταφαγὼν; Λίκαιος καὶ Σώφρων → Δίκαιος καὶ Σώφρων.

Cite this passage

Tatian, Or. Graec. 10 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/10/).

Plain text
Tatian, Or. Graec. 10 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/10/).

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