Oration to the Greeks 39
Summary: The list of the kings of Argos from Inachus to Agamemnon shows that all the events of Greek legend come after Moses.
Greek text · Otto 6:148–152
Γεγόνασιν Ἀργείων βασιλεῖς οἵδε· Ἴναχος, Φορωνεύς, Ἆπις, Κρίασις, Τριόπας, Ἀργεῖος, Φόρβας, Κροτώπας, Σθενέλαος, Δαναός, Λυγκεύς, Προῖτος, Ἄβας, Ἀκρίσιος, Περσεύς, Σθενέλαος, Εὐρυσθεύς, Ἀτρεύς, Θυέστης, Ἀγαμέμνων, οὗ κατὰ τὸ ὀκτωκαιδέκατον ἔτος τῆς βασιλείας Ἴλιον ἑάλω. Καὶ χρὴ τὸν νουνεχῆ συνεῖναι μετὰ πάσης ἀκριβείας ὅτι κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλήνων παράδοσιν οὐδʼ ἱστορίας τις ἦν παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἀναγραφή. Κάδμος γάρ, ὁ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῖς προειρημένοις παραδούς, μετὰ πολλὰς γενεὰς τῆς Βοιωτίας ἐπέβη. Μετὰ δὲ Ἴναχον ἐπὶ Φορωνέως μόγις τοῦ θηριώδους βίου καὶ νομάδος περιγραφὴ γέγονεν, μετεκοσμήθησάν τε οἱ ἄνθρωποι. Διόπερ εἰ κατὰ Ἴναχον πέφηνεν ὁ Μωυσῆς γεγονώς, πρεσβύτερός ἐστι τῶν Ἰλιακῶν ἔτεσι τετρακοσίοις. Ἀποδείκνυται δὲ τοῦθʼ οὕτως ἔχον ἀπό [τε] τῆς τῶν Ἀττικῶν βασιλέων διαδοχῆς [καὶ Μακεδονικῶν καὶ Πτολεμαϊκῶν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ Ἀντιοχικῶν]. Ὅθεν εἰ μετὰ τὸν Ἴναχον αἱ διαφανέστεραι πράξεις παρʼ Ἕλλησιν ἀνεγράφησάν τε καὶ γινώσκονται, δῆλον ὡς καὶ μετὰ Μωυσέα. Κατὰ γὰρ Φορωνέα, τὸν μετʼ Ἴναχον, μνημονεύεται παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις Ὤγυγος, ἐφʼ οὗ κατακλυσμὸς ὁ πρῶτος· κατὰ δὲ Φόρβαντα Ἀκταῖος, ἀφʼ οὗ καὶ Ἀκταία ἡ Ἀττική· κατὰ δὲ Τριόπαν Προμηθεὺς καὶ Ἐπιμηθεὺς καὶ Ἄτλας καὶ ὁ διφυὴς Κέκροψ καὶ ἡ Ἰώ· κατὰ δὲ Κροτώπαν ἡ ἐπὶ Φαέθοντος ἐκπύρωσις καὶ ἡ ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνος ἐπομβρία· κατὰ δὲ Σθένελον ἥ τε Ἀμφικτύονος βασιλεία καὶ ἡ εἰς Πελοπόννησον Δαναοῦ παρουσία καὶ ἡ ὑπὸ Δαρδάνου τῆς Δαρδανίας κτίσις ἥ τε ἐκ Φοινίκης τῆς Εὐρώπης εἰς τὴν Κρήτην ἀνακομιδή· κατὰ δὲ Λυγκέα τῆς Κόρης ἡ ἁρπαγὴ καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι τεμένους καθίδρυσις καὶ ἡ Τριπτολέμου γεωργία καὶ ἡ Κάδμου εἰς Θήβας παρουσία Μίνωός τε ἡ βασιλεία· κατὰ δὲ Προῖτον ὁ Εὐμόλπου πρὸς Ἀθηναίους πόλεμος· κατὰ δὲ Ἀκρίσιον ἡ Πέλοπος ἀπὸ Φρυγίας διάβασις καὶ Ἴωνος εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας ἄφιξις καὶ ὁ δεύτερος Κέκροψ, αἵ τε Περσέως καὶ Διονύσου πράξεις, καὶ Ὀρφέως μαθητὴς Μουσαῖος· κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἀγαμέμνονος βασιλείαν ἑάλω τὸ Ἴλιον.
English · Claude translation
The kings of Argos were these: Inachus, Phoroneus, Apis, Criasus, Triopas, Argeius, Phorbas, Crotopas, Sthenelaus, Danaus, Lynceus, Proetus, Abas, Acrisius, Perseus, Sthenelaus, Eurystheus, Atreus, Thyestes, and Agamemnon, in the eighteenth year of whose reign Troy was taken. A sensible person must understand with all precision that, according to the Greeks' own tradition, they had no written record of history at all. For Cadmus, who handed down the letters to them, came to Boeotia many generations later. After Inachus, under Phoroneus, the savage and nomadic way of life barely came to an end, and people were given a new order. So if Moses has been shown to have lived in the time of Inachus, he is four hundred years older than the Trojan War. This is shown to be so from the succession of the Attic kings [and of the Macedonian and Ptolemaic, and also the Antiochene]. Hence, if the more notable deeds among the Greeks were recorded and are known only after Inachus, it is clear that they also come after Moses. In the time of Phoroneus, who came after Inachus, Ogyges is remembered among the Athenians, in whose time came the first flood; in the time of Phorbas, Actaeus, from whom Attica was called Actaea; in the time of Triopas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, Atlas, Cecrops of the double form, and Io; in the time of Crotopas, the burning in the days of Phaethon and the deluge in the days of Deucalion; in the time of Sthenelus, the reign of Amphictyon, the coming of Danaus to the Peloponnese, the founding of Dardania by Dardanus, and the carrying off of Europa from Phoenicia to Crete; in the time of Lynceus, the rape of Kore, the founding of the precinct at Eleusis, the farming of Triptolemus, the coming of Cadmus to Thebes, and the reign of Minos; in the time of Proetus, the war of Eumolpus against the Athenians; in the time of Acrisius, the crossing of Pelops from Phrygia, the arrival of Ion at Athens, the second Cecrops, the deeds of Perseus and Dionysus, and Musaeus the disciple of Orpheus; and in the reign of Agamemnon Troy was taken.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The words in square brackets are bracketed in the edition as probably not original.
- Cecrops, the legendary first king of Athens, was said to be half man, half serpent, hence “of the double form.”
Cite this passage
Tatian, Or. Graec. 39 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/39/).
Plain text
Tatian, Or. Graec. 39 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/39/).
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