To the Nations 2.15
Summary: Pagans have set humans and animals among the stars and invented gods for sorrow, death, and every door, hinge, and slope, yet these things happen everywhere even where such gods are unknown.
Latin text · Oehler 1:389–391
Longum foret recensere etiam de illis quos in sidera sepelistis et audaciter deis ministratis. Sic opinor digni de caelo Castores et Perseus et Erigona, quemadmodum et Iovis exoletus. Sed quid mirandum? etiam canes et scorpios et cancros in caelum transtulistis. Differo de his quos in oraculis colitis; habet testimonium hoc divini. Quid? et tristitiae deos arbitros esse voltis, ut sit Viduus, qui animam corpore viduet, quem intra muros cludi non admittendo damnastis, item Caeculus, qui oculos sensu exanimet, item Orbana, quae in orbitatem semina extinguat; et ipsius mortis dea est. Ut cetera transvolem, etiam locorum urbisve loca deos arbitramini, Ianum Patrem (et diva arquis est Iana). et montium septem Septemontium. Geniis eisdem illi faciunt qui in isdem locis aras vel aedes habent, praeterea aliis qui in alieno loco aut mercedibus habitant. Taceo Ascensum a scansione et Clivicolam a clivis; taceo deos Forculum a foribus et Cardeam a cardinibus et liminum Limentinum, sive qui alii inter vicinos apud vos numinum ianitorum adorantur. Quid enim magnum? cum et numina sua habeant in lupanaribus, in culinis et etiam in carcere? Innumeris itaque propriis caelum impletur his aliisque Romanorum deis, quibus totius vitae officia distribuuntur, taliter ut ceteris deis opus non sit. Immo cum privatim apud Romanos deputentur quos supra signavimus, nec facile foris cogniti, quomodo ea omnia quibus illos praeesse voluerunt in omni genere humano et in omni gente proveniunt ubi praedes eorum non modo honore, sed ipsa quoque notitia carent?
English · Claude translation
It would take long to review also those whom you have buried among the stars and boldly assign as ministers to the gods. So, I suppose, the Castors, Perseus, and Erigone are worthy of heaven, just as Jupiter's catamite is. But why wonder? You have even transferred dogs and scorpions and crabs to heaven. I put off those whom you worship in oracles; that something divine is at work there is attested. What? You even want gods to be the arbiters of sorrow: Viduus, who widows the body of its soul, whom you condemned by not allowing him within the walls; likewise Caeculus, who deprives the eyes of sight; likewise Orbana, who extinguishes the seed in childlessness; and there is a goddess of death herself. To fly past the rest, you also regard as gods the spirits of places and of the city's districts: Father Janus (and there is a goddess Jana, of the arches), and Septimontius, of the seven hills. People make offerings to the same Genii who have altars or shrines in those same places, and besides to others who live in someone else's place or for rent. I say nothing of Ascensus, from climbing, and Clivicola, from slopes; I say nothing of the gods Forculus, from doors, and Cardea, from hinges, and Limentinus, of thresholds, or whatever other door-keeping deities are adored among you by the neighbors. For what great thing is that, when they have their own deities even in brothels, in kitchens, and even in prison? So heaven is filled with countless particular gods, these and other gods of the Romans, among whom the duties of all life are divided, in such a way that there is no need of the other gods. Indeed, since those we have noted above are reckoned as peculiar to the Romans and are not readily known abroad, how do all the things over which they have set them to preside come about throughout the human race and in every nation, where their guarantors lack not only honor but even recognition?
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The clause habet testimonium hoc divini is compressed; it probably refers to the fuller treatment of oracles and the demons behind them elsewhere (cf. Apology 22–23).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (misread letter in the digital text; misread letters in the digital text): mentium septem → montium septem; Quid enini magnum → Quid enim magnum.
Cite this passage
Tertullian, Nat. 2.15 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tertullian-nationes/2/15/).
Plain text
Tertullian, Nat. 2.15 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tertullian-nationes/2/15/).
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