Prescription against Heretics 40
Summary: The devil imitates Christian sacraments in pagan mysteries, as in Mithraism, and likewise twists Scripture into heresy, which is a kind of idolatry.
Latin text · Oehler 2:38–39
Sequetur a quo intellectus interpretetur eorum quae ad haereses faciant? A diabolo scilicet, cuius sunt partes intervertendi veritatem, qui ipsas quoque res sacramentorum divinorum idolorum mysteriis aemulatur. Tingit et ipse quosdam, utique credentes et fideles suos; expositionem delictorum de lavacro repromittit: et si adhuc memini, Mithra signat illic in frontibus milites suos; celebrat et panis oblationem, et imaginem resurrectionis inducit, et sub gladio redimit coronam. Quid, quod et summum pontificem in unius nuptiis statuit? habet et virgines, habet et continentes. Ceterum si Numae Pompilii superstitiones revolvamus, si sacerdotalia officia et insignia et privilegia, si sacrificalia ministeria et instrumenta et vasa ipsorum sacrificiorum ac piaculorum et votorum curiositates consideremus, nonne manifeste diabolus morositatem illam Iudaicae legis imitatus est? Qui ergo ipsas res, de quibus sacramenta Christi administrantur, tam aemulanter adfectavit exprimere in negotiis idololatriae, utique et idem et eodem ingenio gestiit et potuit instrumenta quoque divinarum rerum et sanctorum Christianorum; sensum de sensibus, verba de verbis, parabolas de parabolis, profanae et aemulae fidei attemperare. Et ideo neque a diabolo immissa esse spiritalia nequitiae, ex quibus etiam haereses veniunt, dubitare quis debet, neque ab idololatria distare haereses, cum et auctoris et operis eiusdem sint cuius et idololatria. Deum aut fingunt alium adversus creatorem, aut si unicum creatorem confitentur, aliter eum disserunt quam in vero est. Itaque omne mendacium quod de deo dicunt quodammodo genus est idololatriae.
English · Claude translation
It will be asked from whom comes the interpretation of the sense of the passages that serve heresies. From the devil, of course, whose part it is to pervert the truth, who rivals even the very things of the divine sacraments in the mysteries of idols. He too baptizes some, his own believers and faithful, of course; he promises the putting away of sins from a washing; and, if I still remember, Mithras there signs his soldiers on their foreheads; he celebrates also an offering of bread, and brings in an image of resurrection, and under the sword wins a crown. What of the fact that he also appoints a high priest who has married only once? He also has his virgins; he also has his continent. Further, if we unroll the superstitions of Numa Pompilius, if we consider the priestly offices, insignia, and privileges, the sacrificial services and instruments and vessels of the sacrifices themselves, and the elaborate rules of expiations and vows, has not the devil plainly imitated that meticulousness of the Jewish law? He who so jealously set out to copy, in the business of idolatry, the very things by which the sacraments of Christ are administered, surely, with the same mind, also desired and was able to adapt the instruments of divine things and of Christian holy things, sense from sense, words from words, parables from parables, to a profane and rival faith. So no one ought to doubt either that the spiritual forces of wickedness from which heresies too come were sent in by the devil, or that heresies are not far removed from idolatry, since they are of the same author and work as idolatry. They either invent another God opposed to the Creator, or, if they confess the one Creator, they describe him otherwise than he truly is. So every lie that they tell about God is in some way a kind of idolatry.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- “Signs … on their foreheads” refers to a Mithraic rite of initiation; “under the sword wins a crown” to the rite of the soldier refusing a crown offered on a sword. “Married only once” (in unius nuptiis) refers to the Roman flamen Dialis. Sacramentum is rendered “sacrament.”
Cite this passage
Tertullian, Praescr. 40 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tertullian-praescriptione/40/).
Plain text
Tertullian, Praescr. 40 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tertullian-praescriptione/40/).
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