To Autolycus 3.26

Summary: The Greek historians begin only with Cyrus and Darius; the Scriptures show the true age of the world, against Plato's and Apollonius's vast figures.

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Greek text · Otto 8:260–262

Ἐντεῦθεν ὁρᾶν ἔστιν πῶς ἀρχαιότερα καὶ ἀληθέστερα δείκνυται τὰ ἱερὰ γράμματα τὰ καθʼ ἡμᾶς εἶναι τῶν καθʼ Ἕλληνας καὶ Αἰγυπτίους, ἢ εἰ καί τινας ἑτέρους ἱστοριογράφους. Ἤτοι γὰρ Ἡρόδοτος καὶ Θουκυδίδης ἢ καὶ Ξενοφῶν ἢ ὅπως οἱ ἄλλοι ἱστοριογράφοι, οἱ πλείους ἤρξαντο σχεδὸν ἀπὸ τῆς Κύρου καὶ Δαρείου βασιλείας ἀναγράφειν, μὴ ἐξισχύσαντες τῶν παλαιῶν καὶ προτέρων χρόνων τὸ ἀκριβὲς εἰπεῖν. Τί γὰρ μέγα ἔφασαν εἰ περὶ Δαρείου καὶ Κύρου τῶν κατὰ βαρβάρους βασιλέων εἶπον, ἢ κατὰ Ἕλληνας Ζωπύρου καὶ Ἱππίου, ἢ τοὺς Ἀθηναίων καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων πολέμους, ἢ τὰς Ξέρξου πράξεις ἢ Παυσανίου τοῦ ἐν τῷ τεμένει τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς λιμῷ κινδυνεύσαντος διαφθαρῆναι, ἢ τὰ περὶ Θεμιστοκλέα καὶ τὸν πόλεμον τὸν Πελοποννησίων, ἢ τὰ περὶ Ἀλκιβιάδην καὶ Θρασύβουλον; Οὐ γὰρ πρόκειται ἡμῖν ὕλη πολυλογίας, ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ φανερῶσαι τὴν τῶν χρόνων ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου ποσότητα καὶ ἐλέγξαι τὴν ματαιοπονίαν καὶ φλυαρίαν τῶν συγγραφέων, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν ἐτῶν οὔτε δισμυρίαι μυριάδες, ὡς Πλάτων ἔφη, καὶ ταῦτα ἀπὸ κατακλυσμοῦ ἕως τῶν αὐτοῦ χρόνων τοσαῦτα ἔτη γεγενῆσθαι δογματίζων, οὔτε μὴν ιε΄ μυριάδες καὶ γοε΄ ἔτη, καθὰ προειρήκαμεν Ἀπολλώνιον τὸν Αἰγύπτιον ἱστορεῖν· οὐδὲ ἀγένητος ὁ κόσμος ἐστὶν καὶ αὐτοματισμὸς τῶν πάντων, καθὼς Πυθαγόρας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ πεφλυαρήκασιν, ἀλλὰ μὲν οὖν γενητὸς καὶ προνοίᾳ διοικεῖται ὑπὸ τοῦ ποιήσαντος τὰ πάντα θεοῦ· καὶ ὁ πᾶς χρόνος καὶ τὰ ἔτη δείκνυται τούτοις βουλομένοις πείθεσθαι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ. Μήπως οὖν δόξωμεν μέχρι Κύρου δεδηλωκέναι, τῶν δὲ μεταξὺ χρόνων ἀμελεῖν, ὡς μὴ ἔχοντες ἀποδεῖξαι, θεοῦ παρέχοντος καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς χρόνων τὴν τάξιν πειράσομαι κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἐξηγήσασθαι.

English · Claude translation

From this one can see how our sacred writings are shown to be older and truer than those of the Greeks and Egyptians, or of any other historians. Herodotus and Thucydides, or Xenophon, or the other historians, most of them began their histories roughly from the reign of Cyrus and Darius, since they were unable to give an accurate account of the ancient and earlier times. What great thing did they say, when they told of Darius and Cyrus, kings of the barbarians, or of Zopyrus and Hippias among the Greeks, or of the wars of the Athenians and Spartans, or the deeds of Xerxes, or of Pausanias, who was in danger of starving to death in the precinct of Athena, or of Themistocles and the Peloponnesian War, or of Alcibiades and Thrasybulus? Our purpose is not to find matter for long speeches, but to make plain the number of years from the foundation of the world, and to refute the futile labor and nonsense of the historians. There have not been two hundred million years, as Plato said, teaching that this many years passed from the flood to his own time, nor 153,075 years, as we said Apollonius the Egyptian records. Nor is the world uncreated, with all things happening by chance, as Pythagoras and the rest have babbled; rather, it was created and is governed by the providence of God, who made all things. And the whole span of time and the years are made plain to those who are willing to obey the truth. But lest we seem to have given the account only up to Cyrus and to neglect the times in between, as though we could not prove them, I will try, God permitting, to set out as far as possible the order of the following times too.

About this passage

Source
Otto 8:260–262 · Johann Carl Theodor Otto, ed., Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres, Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8 (Jena: Mauke, 1861) · Greek text: J. C. T. Otto, Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres (Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8, 1861), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Otto, CorpApol 8. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Otto (1861); made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Topics
Scripture and canon

Cite this passage

Theophilus, Autol. 3.26 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/3/26/).

Plain text
Theophilus, Autol. 3.26 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/3/26/).

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