A Plea for the Christians 29
Summary: The poets themselves show that Heracles, Asclepius, and other deified heroes were mortals with human vices who died.
Greek text · Otto 7:152–156
Ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἑλλήνων οἱ περὶ ποίησιν καὶ ἱστορίαν σοφοὶ περὶ μὲν Ἡρακλέους· Σχέτλιος, οὐδὲ θεῶν ὄπιν ᾐδέσατʼ οὐδὲ τράπεζαν, Τὴν ἣν οἱ παρέθηκεν· ἔπειτα δὲ πέφνε καὶ αὐτόν. Τοιοῦτος ὢν εἰκότως μὲν ἐμαίνετο, εἰκότως δὲ ἀνάψας πυρὰν κατέκαυσεν ἑαυτόν. Περὶ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ Ἡσίοδος μέν· Πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Χώσατʼ, ἀπʼ Οὐλύμπου δὲ βαλὼν ψολόεντι κεραυνῷ Ἔκτανε Λητοΐδην φίλον, σὺν θυμὸν ὀρίνων. Πίνδαρος δέ· Ἀλλὰ κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται. Ἔτραπε κἀκεῖνον ἀγάνορι μισθῷ χρυσὸς ἐν χερσὶ φανείς. Χερσὶ δʼ ἄρα Κρονίων ῥίψας διʼ ἀμφοῖν ἀμπνοὰν στέρνων καθεῖλεν Ὠκέως, αἴθων δὲ κεραυνὸς ἐνέσκηψε μόρον. Ἢ τοίνυν θεοὶ ἦσαν, καὶ οὔτε αὐτοὶ πρὸς χρυσὸν εἶχον (Ὦ χρυσέ, δεξίωμα κάλλιστον βροτοῖς, Ὡς οὔτε μήτηρ ἡδονὰς τοιάσδʼ ἔχει, Οὐ παῖδες. Ἀνεπιδεὲς γὰρ καὶ κρεῖττον ἐπιθυμίας τὸ θεῖον, ) οὔτε ἀπέθνησκον· ἢ ἄνθρωποι γεγονότες καὶ πονηροὶ διʼ ἀμαθίαν ἦσαν καὶ χρημάτων ἐλάττους. Τί δεῖ με πολλὰ λέγειν, ἢ Κάστορος ἢ Πολυδεύκους μνημονεύοντα ἢ Ἀμφιάρεω, οἵ, ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ, χθὲς καὶ πρώην ἄνθρωποι ἐξ ἀνθρώπων γεγονότες, θεοὶ νομίζονται, ὁπότε καὶ Ἰνὼ μετὰ τὴν μανίαν καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς μανίας πάθη θεὸν δοξάζουσι γεγονέναι, Πόντου πλάνητες Λευκοθέαν ἐπώνυμον, καὶ τὸν παῖδα αὐτῆς; Σεμνὸς Παλαίμων ναυτίλοις κεκλήσεται.
English · Claude translation
The wise men of the Greeks in poetry and history also speak in the same way. Of Heracles: “Wretch, he respected neither the watchful eye of the gods nor the table he had set before his guest; and then he killed him too.” Being such a man, it is natural that he went mad, and natural that he lit a pyre and burned himself. Of Asclepius Hesiod says: “The father of men and gods was angry, and hurling a smoky thunderbolt from Olympus he killed Leto's dear son, stirring up his wrath.” And Pindar: “But even wisdom is bound by gain. Gold appearing in his hand turned him too, with a lordly fee. Then the son of Kronos, hurling with his hands through both of them, swiftly took the breath from their breasts, and the blazing thunderbolt struck them dead.” Either, then, they were gods and had no desire for gold (“O gold, fairest welcome for mortals, for neither a mother nor children give such delights”; for the divine lacks nothing and is above desire), and they did not die; or they were human beings, wicked through ignorance and slaves to money. Why should I say more, mentioning Castor or Polydeuces or Amphiaraus, who, so to speak, were human beings born of human beings only yesterday or the day before, and are considered gods, when people even think that Ino became a goddess after her madness and all she suffered in it: “Those who wander the sea will call her Leucothea,” and her son: “Holy Palaemon he will be called by sailors”?
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotations are Odyssey 21.28–29; a fragment of Hesiod; Pindar, Pythian 3.54–58; and fragments of Euripides.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent: grave on ἣν before a following word): Τὴν ἥν οἱ παρέθηκεν → Τὴν ἣν οἱ παρέθηκεν.
Cite this passage
Athenagoras, Leg. 29 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-legatio/29/).
Plain text
Athenagoras, Leg. 29 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-legatio/29/).
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