On the Resurrection of the Dead 25
Authorship disputed: The Arethas codex ascribes it to Athenagoras, and the end of the Plea (ch. 36) promises a treatment of the resurrection. Some scholars (notably R. M. Grant, 1954) have argued that its style and arguments point to a later author of the third or fourth century; others (e.g. B. Pouderon) defend Athenagoras's authorship.
Summary: The end of human life, which belongs to the whole person, is eternal contemplation of God; it requires the resurrection, by which the same souls receive the same bodies.
Greek text · Otto 7:286–292
Οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ μακαριότης ψυχῆς κεχωρισμένης σώματος· οὐδὲ γὰρ τὴν θατέρου τούτων ἐξ ὧν συνέστηκεν ἄνθρωπος ἐσκοποῦμεν ζωὴν ἢ τέλος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ συνεστῶτος ἐξ ἀμφοῖν· τοιοῦτος γὰρ πᾶς ὁ τόνδε τὸν βίον λαχὼν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ δεῖ τῆς τούτου ζωῆς εἶναί τι τέλος οἰκεῖον. Εἰ δὲ τοῦ συναμφοτέρου τὸ τέλος, τοῦτο δὲ οὔτε ζώντων αὐτῶν ἔτι κατὰ τόνδε τὸν βίον εὑρεθῆναι δυνατὸν διὰ τὰς πολλάκις ἤδη ῥηθείσας αἰτίας, οὔτε μὴν ἐν χωρισμῷ τυγχανούσης τῆς ψυχῆς, τῷ μηδὲ συνεστάναι τὸν τοιοῦτον ἄνθρωπον διαλυθέντος ἢ καὶ πάντη σκεδασθέντος τοῦ σώματος, κἂν ἡ ψυχὴ διαμένῃ καθʼ ἑαυτήν, ἀνάγκη πᾶσα κατʼ ἄλλην τινὰ τοῦ συναμφοτέρου καὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ζώου σύστασιν τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων φανῆναι τέλος. Τούτου δʼ ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἑπομένου, δεῖ πάντως γενέσθαι τῶν νεκρωθέντων ἢ καὶ πάντη διαλυθέντων σωμάτων ἀνάστασιν καὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς ἀνθρώπους συστῆναι πάλιν· ἐπειδή γε τὸ μὲν τέλος οὐχ ἁπλῶς, οὐδὲ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων ἀνθρώπων, ὁ τῆς φύσεως τίθεται νόμος, ἀλλʼ αὐτῶν ἐκείνων τῶν κατὰ τὴν προλαβοῦσαν ζωὴν βεβιωκότων, τοὺς δʼ αὐτοὺς ἀνθρώπους συστῆναι πάλιν ἀμήχανον, μὴ τῶν αὐτῶν σωμάτων ταῖς αὐταῖς ψυχαῖς ἀποδοθέντων. Τὸ δʼ αὐτὸ σῶμα τὴν αὐτὴν ψυχὴν ἀπολαβεῖν ἄλλως μὲν ἀδύνατον, κατὰ μόνην δὲ τὴν ἀνάστασιν δυνατόν· ταύτης γὰρ γενομένης καὶ τὸ τῇ φύσει τῶν ἀνθρώπων πρόσφορον ἐπακολουθεῖ τέλος. Τέλος δὲ ζωῆς ἔμφρονος καὶ λογικῆς κρίσεως οὐκ ἂν ἁμάρτοι τις εἰπὼν τὸ τούτοις ἀπερισπάστως συνδιαιωνίζειν οἷς μάλιστα καὶ πρώτως ὁ φυσικὸς συνήρμοσται λόγος, τῇ τε θεωρίᾳ τοῦ ὄντος καὶ τῶν ἐκείνῳ δεδογμένων ἀπαύστως ἐπαγάλλεσθαι· κἂν οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐμπαθέστερον καὶ σφοδρότερον τοῖς τῇδε προσπεπονθότες ἄστοχοι τούτου διατελῶσιν. Οὐ γὰρ ἀκυροῖ τὴν κοινὴν ἀποκλήρωσιν τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἀποπιπτόντων τοῦ προσήκοντος αὐτοῖς τέλους, ἰδιαζούσης τῆς ἐπὶ τούτοις ἐξετάσεως καὶ τῆς ἑκάστῳ συμμετρουμένης ὑπὲρ τῶν εὖ ἢ κακῶς βεβιωμένων τιμῆς ἢ δίκης.
English · Claude translation
Nor is the end the blessedness of the soul separated from the body. For we have not been considering the life or end of either of the parts of which a human being consists, but of the being composed of both. Such is every human being who has received this life, and his life must have some proper end. If the end belongs to the composite, and this end cannot be found while people are still alive in this life, for the reasons already given many times, nor when the soul is separated, since such a human being no longer exists once the body has been dissolved or even completely scattered, even if the soul remains by itself, then it is absolutely necessary that the end of human beings should appear in another constitution of the composite, of the same living being. And since this follows necessarily, there must by all means be a resurrection of bodies that have died or even been entirely dissolved, and the same human beings must be constituted again. For the law of nature sets the end not in a general way, nor for any human beings at random, but for those very people who lived the former life; and it is impossible for the same human beings to be constituted again unless the same bodies are given back to the same souls. And it is impossible for the same body to receive the same soul in any other way; it is possible only by the resurrection. When that takes place, the end suited to human nature follows as well. One would not be wrong to say that the end of an intelligent life and of rational judgment is to live forever, undistracted, with those things to which natural reason is chiefly and primarily fitted, and to rejoice unceasingly in the contemplation of the One who is and of his decrees; even if most human beings, being too passionately and violently attached to the things of this world, go on missing it. For the great number of those who fall short of the end proper to them does not cancel the lot common to all, since each is examined individually, and to each is measured out the honor or punishment for a life lived well or badly.
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Athenagoras, Res. 25 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-resurrection/25/).
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Athenagoras, Res. 25 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-resurrection/25/).
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