On the Resurrection of the Dead 6
Authorship disputed: The Arethas codex ascribes it to Athenagoras, and the end of the Plea (ch. 36) promises a treatment of the resurrection. Some scholars (notably R. M. Grant, 1954) have argued that its style and arguments point to a later author of the third or fourth century; others (e.g. B. Pouderon) defend Athenagoras's authorship.
Summary: Only food natural to a creature becomes part of its body; unnatural food is expelled or does harm.
Greek text · Otto 7:206–210
Πολλῆς οὖν οὔσης ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ζώοις τῆς φυσικῆς διαφορᾶς, καὶ αὐτῆς γε τῆς κατὰ φύσιν τροφῆς ἑκάστῳ γένει ζώου καὶ τῷ τρεφομένῳ σώματι συνεξαλλαττομένης, τριττῆς δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἑκάστου ζώου τροφὴν γινομένης καθάρσεως καὶ διακρίσεως, δεῖ πάντως φθείρεσθαι μὲν καὶ διαχωρεῖν ᾗ πέφυκεν ἢ πρὸς ἕτερόν τι μεταβάλλειν πᾶν ὁπόσον ἀλλότριον εἰς τὴν τοῦ ζώου τροφήν, ὡς συγκραθῆναι μὴ δυνάμενον, συμβαίνουσαν δὲ καὶ κατὰ φύσιν εἶναι τὴν τοῦ τρέφοντος σώματος δύναμιν ταῖς τοῦ τρεφομένου ζώου δυνάμεσι, καὶ ταύτην ἐλθοῦσαν διʼ ὧν πέφυκε κριτηρίων καὶ καθαρθεῖσαν ἀκριβῶς τοῖς φυσικοῖς καθαρσίοις εἰλικρινεστάτην γενέσθαι πρόσληψιν εἰς οὐσίαν· ἣν δὴ καὶ μόνην ἐπαληθεύων ἄν τις τοῖς πράγμασιν ὀνομάσειεν τροφήν, ὡς ἀποβάλλουσαν πᾶν ὁπόσον ἀλλότριον καὶ βλαβερὸν εἰς τὴν τοῦ τρεφομένου ζώου σύστασιν καὶ τὸν πολὺν ἐκεῖνον ὄγκον ἐπεισαχθέντα πρὸς τὴν τῆς γαστρὸς ἀποπλήρωσιν καὶ τὴν τῆς ὀρέξεως θεραπείαν. Ἀλλὰ ταύτην μὲν οὐκ ἄν τις ἀμφισβητήσειεν ἑνοῦσθαι τῷ τρεφομένῳ σώματι, συνδιαπλεκομένην τε καὶ περιπλαττομένην πᾶσι τοῖς τούτου μέρεσι καὶ μορίοις· τὴν δὲ ἑτέρως ἔχουσαν καὶ παρὰ φύσιν φθείρεσθαι μὲν ταχέως, ἢν ἐῤῥωμενεστέρᾳ συμμίξῃ δυνάμει, φθείρειν δὲ σὺν εὐμαρείᾳ τὴν κρατηθεῖσαν, εἴς τε μοχθηροὺς ἐκτρέπεσθαι χυμοὺς καὶ φαρμακώδεις ποιότητας, ὡς μηδὲν οἰκεῖον ἢ φίλον τῷ τρεφομένῳ σώματι φέρουσαν. Καὶ τούτου τεκμήριον μέγιστον τὸ πολλοῖς τῶν τρεφομένων ζώων ἐκ τούτων ἐπακολουθεῖν ἄλγος ἢ κίνδυνον ἢ θάνατον, ἢν ὑπὸ σφοδροτέρας ὀρέξεως τῇ τροφῇ καταμεμιγμένον συνεφελκύσηταί τι φαρμακῶδες καὶ παρὰ φύσιν· ὃ δὴ καὶ πάντως φθαρτικὸν ἂν εἴη τοῦ τρεφομένου σώματος, εἴ γε τρέφεται μὲν τὰ τρεφόμενα τοῖς οἰκείοις καὶ κατὰ φύσιν, φθείρεται δὲ τοῖς ἐναντίοις. Εἴπερ οὖν τῇ διαφορᾷ τῶν τῇ φύσει διαφερόντων ζώων ἡ κατὰ φύσιν συνδιῄρηται τροφή, καὶ ταύτης γε αὐτῆς οὔτε πᾶν ὅπερ ἂν προσενέγκηται τὸ ζῶον οὔτε τὸ τυχὸν ἐκ τούτου τὴν πρὸς τὸ τρεφόμενον σῶμα δέχεται σύγκρασιν, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸ μόνον τὸ διὰ πάσης πέψεως κεκαθαρμένον καὶ μεταβεβληκὸς εἰλικρινῶς πρὸς τὴν τοῦ ποιοῦ σώματος ἕνωσιν καὶ τοῖς τρεφομένοις μέρεσιν εὐάρμοστον, εὔδηλον ὡς οὐδὲν τῶν παρὰ φύσιν ἑνωθείη ποτʼ ἂν τούτοις οἷς οὐκ ἔστι τροφὴ προσφυὴς καὶ κατάλληλος, ἀλλʼ ἤτοι κατʼ αὐτὴν τὴν κοιλίαν διαχωρεῖ, πρὶν ἕτερόν τινα γεννῆσαι χυμόν, ὠμὸν καὶ διεφθαρμένον, ἢ συστὰν ἐπὶ πλεῖον τίκτει πάθος ἢ νόσον δυσίατον, συνδιαφθείρουσαν καὶ τὴν κατὰ φύσιν τροφὴν ἢ καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν τῆς τροφῆς δεομένην σάρκα. Ἀλλὰ κἂν ἀπωσθῇ ποτε, φαρμάκοις τισὶν ἢ σιτίοις βελτίοσιν ἢ ταῖς φυσικαῖς δυνάμεσι νικηθέν, μετʼ οὐκ ὀλίγης ἐξεῤῥύη τῆς βλάβης, ὡς μηδὲν φέρον τοῖς κατὰ φύσιν εἰρηνικὸν διὰ τὸ πρὸς τὴν φύσιν ἀσύγκρατον.
English · Claude translation
There is, then, great natural difference among all animals; the natural food of each kind of animal varies along with the body that is nourished; and there is a threefold purging and separation in the nourishment of each animal. So everything that is foreign to an animal's nourishment must perish and pass off in its natural way, or be changed into something else, since it cannot be blended in. The power of the nourishing body must be in accord with nature and with the powers of the animal nourished; and only when it has passed through the natural strainers and been thoroughly purified by the natural purgings does it become a perfectly pure addition to the animal's substance. This alone one could truly call food, since it rejects everything foreign and harmful to the constitution of the animal nourished, and all that great bulk taken in to fill the stomach and satisfy the appetite. No one would dispute that this is united with the body nourished, being woven into and molded around all its parts and particles. But food of another kind, contrary to nature, quickly perishes if it meets a stronger power, easily destroys what it overpowers, and turns into bad humors and poisonous qualities, since it brings nothing proper or friendly to the body nourished. The greatest proof of this is that pain, danger, or death follows for many animals when, through excessive appetite, they swallow something poisonous and unnatural mixed with their food. Such a thing would certainly destroy the body nourished, if indeed things that are nourished are nourished by what is proper and natural to them and destroyed by what is contrary. If, then, natural food is divided according to the differences among animals that differ by nature, and if even of this food not everything the animal takes in, nor any part of it at random, is blended with the body nourished, but only what has been purified through every stage of digestion and truly changed for union with a body of that particular kind, and is well fitted to the parts nourished, it is clear that nothing unnatural could ever be united with those for whom it is not proper and suitable food. Either it passes through the belly itself before producing some other humor, raw and corrupt; or, if it stays longer, it produces suffering or a disease hard to cure, destroying along with it both the natural food and the very flesh that needs nourishment. And even if it is expelled at last, overcome by medicines or better food or the natural powers of the body, it flows out with no small harm, bringing nothing peaceable to what is natural, because it cannot be blended with nature.
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Athenagoras, Res. 6 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-resurrection/6/).
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Athenagoras, Res. 6 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-resurrection/6/).
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