Exhortation to the Greeks 7.74
Summary: The tragedians and even Orpheus, in his late recantation, confess that there is one God who made all things.
Greek text · Stählin 1:56–57
ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς παραγυμνοῦσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν· ὃ μὲν καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰθέρα καὶ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀναβλέψας »τόνδε ἡγοῦ θεόν,« φησίν, Εὐριπίδης· ὁ δὲ τοῦ Σοφίλλου Σοφοκλῆς, εἷς ταῖς ἀληθείαισιν, εἷς ἐστὶν θεός, ὃς οὐρανόν τʼ ἔτευξε καὶ γαῖαν μακρὴν πόντου τε χαροπὸν οἶδμα καὶ ἀνέμων βίας· θνητοὶ δὲ πολλοὶ καρδίᾳ πλανώμενοι ἱδρυσάμεσθα πημάτων παραψυχὴν θεῶν ἀγάλματʼ ἐκ λίθων, ἢ χαλκέων ἢ χρυσοτεύκτων ἢ ἐλεφαντίνων τύπους· θυσίας τε τούτοις καὶ κενὰς πανηγύρεις νέμοντες, οὕτως εὐσεβεῖν νομίζομεν. οὑτοσὶ μὲν ἤδη καὶ παρακεκινδυνευμένως ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῖς θεαταῖς παρεισήγαγεν. ὁ δὲ Θρᾴκιος ἱεροφάντης καὶ ποιητὴς ἅμα, ὁ τοῦ Οἰάγρου Ὀρφεύς, μετὰ τὴν τῶν ὀργίων ἱεροφαντίαν καὶ τῶν εἰδώλων τὴν θεολογίαν, παλινῳδίαν ἀληθείας εἰσάγει, τὸν ἱερὸν ὄντως ὀψέ ποτε, ὅμως δʼ οὖν ᾄδων λόγον· φθέγξομαι οἷς θέμις ἐστί· θύρας δʼ ἐπίθεσθε βέβηλοι πάντες ὁμῶς· σὺ δʼ ἄκουε, φαεσφόρου ἔκγονε Μήνης, Μουσαῖε, ἐξερέω γὰρ ἀληθέα, μηδέ σε τὰ πρὶν ἐν στήθεσσι φανέντα φίλης αἰῶνος ἀμέρσῃ. εἰς δὲ λόγον θεῖον βλέψας τούτῳ προσέδρευε, ἰθύνων κραδίης νοερὸν κύτος· εὖ δʼ ἐπίβαινε ἀτραπιτοῦ, μοῦνον δʼ ἐσόρα κόσμοιο ἄνακτα ἀθάνατον. εἶτα ὑποβὰς διαρρήδην ἐπιφέρει· εἷς ἔστʼ, αὐτογενής, ἑνὸς ἔκγονα πάντα τέτυκται· ἐν δʼ αὐτοῖς αὐτὸς περινίσσεται, οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν εἰσοράᾳ θνητῶν, αὐτὸς δέ γε πάντας ὁρᾶται. οὕτως μὲν δὴ Ὀρφεύς· χρόνῳ γέ ποτε συνῆκεν πεπλανημένος. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὴ μέλλων, βροτὲ ποικιλόμητι, βράδυνε, ἀλλὰ παλίμπλαγκτος στρέψας θεὸν ἱλάσκοιο.
English · Claude translation
And now even on the stage they lay bare the truth. One of them, Euripides, looking up to the ether and to heaven, says: “Consider this to be God.” And Sophocles, the son of Sophillus: “One, in very truth, one is God, who made heaven and the long earth, and the bright-flashing swell of the sea, and the might of the winds; but many of us mortals, straying in our hearts, have set up for ourselves, as a consolation for our sorrows, images of gods of stone, or figures of bronze or wrought gold or ivory; and assigning them sacrifices and empty festivals, we think we are pious in this way.” This man, at some risk, brought the truth before the spectators on the stage. And the Thracian hierophant and poet in one, Orpheus the son of Oeagrus, after his hierophantic teaching of the orgies and his theology of idols, brings in a recantation of truth, singing at last, late though it was, the truly holy word: “I will speak to those for whom it is lawful; close the doors, all you profane alike. But you, Musaeus, offspring of the light-bearing Moon, listen, for I will tell the truth; and let not what appeared in your breast before rob you of your dear life. Look to the divine Word and devote yourself to it, directing the intelligent vessel of your heart; walk well on the path, and look only to the immortal ruler of the world.” And then, further on, he adds plainly: “He is one, self-begotten; all things are born the offspring of the one; and he himself goes about among them; nor does any mortal see him, but he sees all.” So Orpheus, at least; in time he understood that he had gone astray. “But you, mortal of many devices, do not delay; turn back and propitiate God.”
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The Euripides line is fragment 941; the Sophocles lines are generally thought to be a Jewish forgery attributed to him, and the Orphic lines come from the so-called Orphic Testament, a Jewish poem; Clement, like others of his time, takes them as genuine. The closing line is from the Sibylline Oracles (fragment 1.27–28).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray space before the closing quotation mark): »τόνδε ἡγοῦ θεόν, « φησίν → »τόνδε ἡγοῦ θεόν,« φησίν.
Cite this passage
Clement of Alexandria, Protr. 7.74 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-protrepticus/7/74/).
Plain text
Clement of Alexandria, Protr. 7.74 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-protrepticus/7/74/).
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