Panarion (Medicine Chest Against Heresies), Haer. 1-64 51.35.1–55.2.7
Greek text: Holl, GCS 25/31 (Greek text: Karl Holl, ed., Epiphanius, Bände 1-2 (GCS 25, 1915, and GCS 31, 1922, Leipzig: Hinrichs), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0. The digitized file's own metadata describes it as spanning Holl's volumes 1-3 (1915-1933), but its text in fact ends at Haer. 64 (confirmed: the last division is Haer. 64, on Origen, matching the end of GCS 31); Holl's third volume (GCS 37, 1933) is not present in this digital text.).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Haer. 51, chapter 35
51.35.1Holl GCS 25/31:310
35. Ἀλλὰ οὗτοι μὴ δεξάμενοι πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἀνακρίνονται μὲν πνευματικῶς, μὴ νοοῦντες τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος καὶ κατὰ τῶν λόγων τοῦ πνεύματος βουλόμενοι λέγειν καὶ οὐκ εἰδότες τὰ ἐν τῇ ἁγίᾳ ἐκκλησίᾳ χρίσματα, ἅτινα ἀληθῶς καὶ εὐσταθῶς ἐν παραδολουθήσει καὶ ἐρρωμένῳ νῷ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον διηγήσατο, οἵ τε ἅγιοι προφῆται καὶ οἱ ἅγιοι ἀπόστολοι·
35. Alla houtoi mē dexamenoi pneuma hagion anakrinontai men pneumatikōs, mē noountes ta tou pneumatos kai kata tōn logōn tou pneumatos boulomenoi legein kai ouk eidotes ta en tę̄ hagią ekklēsią chrismata, hatina alēthōs kai eustathōs en paradolouthēsei kai errōmenǭ nǭ to pneuma to hagion diēgēsato, hoi te hagioi prophētai kai hoi hagioi apostoloi;
35. But these people, not having received the Holy Spirit, are judged spiritually, since they do not understand the things of the Spirit and wish to speak against the words of the Spirit, and do not know the anointings in the holy church, which the Holy Spirit set forth truly and steadily, with understanding and a sound mind—as did the holy prophets and the holy apostles;
1 Cor 2:14 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Alogi lack the Spirit and so misjudge the Spirit's words.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 51.35.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-51-35-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
51.35.2Holl GCS 25/31:310
ἐν οἷς καὶ ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης διά τε τοῦ εὐαγγελίου καὶ τῶν ἐπιστολῶν καὶ τῆς Ἀποκαλύψεως ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ χαρίσματος τοῦ ἁγίου μεταδέδωκε τῇ ἁγίᾳ ἐκκλησίᾳ.
en hois kai ho hagios Iōannēs dia te tou euangeliou kai tōn epistolōn kai tēs Apokalypseōs ek tou autou charismatos tou hagiou metadedōke tę̄ hagią ekklēsią.
among whom holy John too, through the Gospel, the Epistles, and the Revelation, has imparted to the holy church from the same holy gift.
Notes and citation
Summary: John's Gospel, Epistles, and Revelation come from the same Spirit.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 51.35.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-51-35-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
51.35.3Holl GCS 25/31:310–311
φθάνει δὲ καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς τὸ εἰρημένον ὅτι »τῷ βλασφημοῦντι εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ οὔτε ἐν τούτῳ τῷ αἰῶνι οὔτε ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι«. καὶ γὰρ κατὰ τῶν ῥημάτων τῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος εἰρημένων οὗτοι ἐστρατεύσαντο.
phthanei de kai epʼ autous to eirēmenon hoti »tǭ blasphēmounti eis to pneuma to hagion, ouk aphethēsetai autǭ oute en toutǭ tǭ aiōni oute en tǭ mellonti«. kai gar kata tōn rhēmatōn tōn hypo tou pneumatos eirēmenōn houtoi estrateusanto.
And the saying reaches them too, that “whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, either in this age or in the one to come.” For these people have made war against the words spoken by the Spirit.
Matt 12:32 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Rejecting the Spirit's words is blasphemy against the Spirit.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 51.35.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:310–311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-51-35-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
51.35.4Holl GCS 25/31:311
Τῶν δὲ τοιούτων καὶ τοσούτων εἰρημένων κατὰ τῆς τοιαύτης αἱρέσεως ἱκανῶς ἔχειν νομίσαντες καὶ ὡς σκολόπενδραν ἢ ἴουλον καλούμενον ἑρπετὸν πολύποδα, ὀλίγον μὲν τῇ δυνάμει καὶ τῇ περιωδυνίᾳ τοῦ, πολύπουν δὲ καὶ μακροείκελον, τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ δυνάμει καὶ ἀληθείᾳ καταπατήσαντες ἐπὶ τὰς ἑξῆς πάλιν προβαίνοντες σὺν τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ δυνάμει ἴωμεν, ἀγαπητοί.
Tōn de toioutōn kai tosoutōn eirēmenōn kata tēs toiautēs haireseōs hikanōs echein nomisantes kai hōs skolopendran ē ioulon kaloumenon herpeton polypoda, oligon men tę̄ dynamei kai tę̄ periōdynią tou, polypoun de kai makroeikelon, tę̄ tou theou dynamei kai alētheią katapatēsantes epi tas hexēs palin probainontes syn tę̄ tou theou dynamei iōmen, agapētoi.
Having said so much, and such things, against this heresy, we consider it sufficient. Like a centipede or the many-footed creeping thing called the millipede—small in strength and in the pain it causes, but many-footed and long—we have trampled it by God's power and truth; let us go on again to the next, beloved, with God's power.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius concludes his refutation of the Alogi.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Stray page-break marker in the digital text.): ἀγαπητοί. | → ἀγαπητοί..
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 51.35.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-51-35-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 52, chapter 1
52.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:311
Ἀσπάλακα καλοῦσί τι ζῷον ἐν τῇ γῇ κάτω ἐμφωλεῦον τετράπουν ῥῆττόν τε τὴν γῆν καὶ ἐν τοῖς μυχαιτάτοις αὐτῆς ἔχον ἑαυτοῦ τὴν οἴκησιν. τὰ δὲ πάντα τοῦ ςῴου ὑπάρχει ὡσεὶ μικροῦ σκύλακος κυνός, τὴν <αὐτὴν> περιφέρειαν τῆς ἡλικίας ἔχον, ᾧ οὐδʼ ὅλως ὑπάρχει ὅρασις.
Aspalaka kalousi ti zǭon en tę̄ gę̄ katō emphōleuon tetrapoun rhētton te tēn gēn kai en tois mychaitatois autēs echon heautou tēn oikēsin. ta de panta tou sǭou hyparchei hōsei mikrou skylakos kynos, tēn <autēn> periphereian tēs hēlikias echon, hǭ oudʼ holōs hyparchei horasis.
There is an animal called the mole, which makes its den down in the earth. It is four-footed, breaks up the earth, and has its dwelling in its innermost recesses. The whole animal is like a small puppy, of about the same roundness and size, and it has no sight at all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius describes the blind mole.
- The ἀσπάλαξ may be the blind mole-rat of the eastern Mediterranean.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Repeated word.): τετράπουν τετράπουν → τετράπουν.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:311
ἐρημωτικὸν δὲ ὂν τὸ ζῷον κάτωθεν ἐκριζοῖ πάντα τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γεωργήματα, τά τε σικυήλατα πάντα μάλιστα καὶ τὰ δριμέα φυτεύματα κρομμύων τε καὶ σκορόδων, βολβῶν καὶ τῶν τοιούτων, κρίνων τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων.
erēmōtikon de on to zǭon katōthen ekrizoi panta ta tōn anthrōpōn geōrgēmata, ta te sikyēlata panta malista kai ta drimea phyteumata krommyōn te kai skorodōn, bolbōn kai tōn toioutōn, krinōn te kai tōn allōn.
The animal is destructive and uproots from below all men's crops—especially all the cucumber beds and the pungent plantings of onions and garlic, bulbs and the like, lilies and the rest.
Notes and citation
Summary: The mole destroys crops from below.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:311
ἐὰν δὲ λαθὼν ἐν τῷ Ῥήττειν φθάσῃ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἔξω εἰς τὸν ἀἐρα γενέσθαι ἢ ἁλοὺς θηρευθείη ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, γελοῖόν τι ἐμποιεῖ πᾶσι τοῖς τοῦτο τὸ ζῷον θηρεύσασιν.
ean de lathōn en tǭ Rhēttein phthasę̄ epi tēs gēs exō eis ton aera genesthai ē halous thēreutheiē hypo tōn anthrōpōn, geloion ti empoiei pasi tois touto to zǭon thēreusasin.
But if, while digging, it happens to come out unnoticed above the earth into the air, or is caught and hunted by men, it causes laughter among all who have hunted this animal.
Notes and citation
Summary: A captured mole is laughable.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:311–312
οὕτως καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιχειρῶ λέγειν περὶ τῆς νυνὶ μετὰ χεῖρας <οὔσης> αἱρέσεως, ὡς μὲν κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν τυφλώττει καὶ ἀνοητεῖ, ἐρημίαν δὲ ἑαυτῇ ἐργάζεται καὶ τὴν στάσιν ἑαυτῆς κάτωθεν ἐκτέμνει, ῥιζῶν τε πολλῶν <φημὶ δὲ> τῶν εἰς αὐτὴν ἐμπεπτωκότων ἀνδρῶν τὴν λύμην ἀπεργάζεται.
houtōs kai autos epicheirō legein peri tēs nyni meta cheiras <ousēs> haireseōs, hōs men kata tēn kardian typhlōttei kai anoētei, erēmian de heautę̄ ergazetai kai tēn stasin heautēs katōthen ektemnei, rhizōn te pollōn <phēmi de> tōn eis autēn empeptōkotōn andrōn tēn lymēn apergazetai.
So I too undertake to speak about the heresy now in hand: that it is blind and senseless in heart, makes a desert for itself, cuts away its own footing from below, and brings ruin on many roots—I mean the men who have fallen into it.
Notes and citation
Summary: The heresy is like the mole: blind and destructive.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:311–312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:312
τοῖς δὲ συνετοῖς εἴ ποτε γένοιτο κατοπτευθῆναι αὐτήν, γέλωτα οὐ τὸν τυχόντα παρασκευάζει· ὡς καὶ τὸ προειρημένον ζῷον διὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ τύφλωσιν ἐμπαιζόμενον <καὶ> διὰ τὴν ἀορασίαν [καὶ] μὴ εὑρίσκον ποῦ τὴν εἰσαγωγὴν ποιήσασθαι, οὕτως καὶ αὕτη ἡ αἵρεσις.
tois de synetois ei pote genoito katopteuthēnai autēn, gelōta ou ton tychonta paraskeuazei; hōs kai to proeirēmenon zǭon dia tēn autou typhlōsin empaizomenon <kai> dia tēn aorasian [kai] mē heuriskon pou tēn eisagōgēn poiēsasthai, houtōs kai hautē hē hairesis.
And to the intelligent, if ever it should happen to be seen, it provides no small laughter; just as the animal mentioned is mocked for its blindness and, for lack of sight, cannot find where to make its way in, so too is this heresy.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The heresy, when exposed, is ridiculous.
- The editor deletes “and” (καὶ).
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:312
ἐπέθεντο γὰρ ἑαυτοῖς τοῦ Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα. τοῦτο δὲ ἀπὸ ἀκοῆς ἀνδρῶν πολλῶν ἀκηκοότες φαμέν· οὐ γὰρ ἐν συγγράμμασιν ηὕραμεν οὔτε μὴν περιετύχομεν τοιούτοις τισί.
epethento gar heautois tou Adam to onoma. touto de apo akoēs andrōn pollōn akēkootes phamen; ou gar en syngrammasin hēuramen oute mēn perietychomen toioutois tisi.
For they have given themselves the name of Adam. We say this having heard it by report from many men; for we did not find it in treatises, nor have we met any such people.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Adamians, known to Epiphanius only by report.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:312
πολλῶν οὖν εἰρηκότων ἄξιον καὶ αὐτῆς μνησθῆναι ἐδικαιώσαμεν. διὸ καὶ δικαίως ταύτην παρεικάσαμεν τῷ προειρηυμένῳ τυφλῷ ζῴῳ καὶ ἀνδράσιν οὐ τάχιον φαινομένῳ, διὰ τὸ κρύβδην ἐν τῇ γῇ εἶναι καὶ κάτωθεν τὴν λύμην ἐργάζεσθαι.
pollōn oun eirēkotōn axion kai autēs mnēsthēnai edikaiōsamen. dio kai dikaiōs tautēn pareikasamen tǭ proeirēumenǭ typhlǭ zǭǭ kai andrasin ou tachion phainomenǭ, dia to krybdēn en tę̄ gę̄ einai kai katōthen tēn lymēn ergazesthai.
Since many have spoken of it, then, we thought it right to mention it too. That is why we have justly compared it to the blind animal mentioned, which does not readily appear to men, because it is hidden in the earth and does its damage from below.
Notes and citation
Summary: The sect is hidden like the mole.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.1.8Holl GCS 25/31:312
περιγέλαστος δέ ἐστι, καὶ ἐσκεπτόμην μηδʼ ὅλως εἰς ἀριθμὸν αὐτὴν φέρειν. διὰ δὲ τὸ ὅλως ἦχον αὐτῆς εἶναι ἐν κόσμῳ, οὐδὲν λυπήσειε τὸν συνετὸν ἀκροατὴν περὶ πάντων εἰδέναι τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου ζιζανίων ἐσπαρμένων.
perigelastos de esti, kai eskeptomēn mēdʼ holōs eis arithmon autēn pherein. dia de to holōs ēchon autēs einai en kosmǭ, ouden lypēseie ton syneton akroatēn peri pantōn eidenai tōn en tǭ kosmǭ hypo tou diabolou zizaniōn esparmenōn.
It is ridiculous, and I was considering not bringing it into the count at all. But since there is some report of it in the world, it will not grieve the intelligent hearer to know about all the tares sown in the world by the devil.
Matt 13:25 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius includes the sect for completeness.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.1.9Holl GCS 25/31:312
εἴτε γὰρ ἔστιν ἡ τοιαύτη εἴτε μὴ ἔστι, πολλῶν λεγόντων ἀκηκοότι ἀσφαλείας χάριν καὶ περὶ αὐτῆς εἰπεῖν εὔλογόν μοι πέφηνε καὶ μὴ παραλεῖψαι, κἄν τε καταλέλυται καὶ οὐκέτι ὑπάρχει. οὐ γὰρ ἀσφαλῶς ἐπίσταμαι εἰ ἔτι ἔστιν ἢ μὴ ἔστι. τί δὲ εἰς μακρὸν ἀποτείνομαι χρόνον τῷ προοιμίῳ χρώμενος πρὸς διήγησιν; ἄρξομαι δὲ τὸ γελοῖον διηγεῖσθαι, μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ πένθος· ἅμα γὰρ τὰ δύο ἔχει, γελοῖον καὶ πένθος, <πένθος μὲν> ὅτι πῶς ὁ διάβολος ἐνεκύησεν ἐν τῇ τῶν ἀνθρώπων διανοίᾳ χλευάσαι τὸ πλάσμα τὸ ἐκ θεοῦ πεπλασμένον, γελοῖον δὲ περὶ τῶν μήτε ὁρώντων μήτε τι συνετὸν διανενοημένων.
eite gar estin hē toiautē eite mē esti, pollōn legontōn akēkooti asphaleias charin kai peri autēs eipein eulogon moi pephēne kai mē paraleipsai, kan te katalelytai kai ouketi hyparchei. ou gar asphalōs epistamai ei eti estin ē mē esti. ti de eis makron apoteinomai chronon tǭ prooimiǭ chrōmenos pros diēgēsin? arxomai de to geloion diēgeisthai, mallon de to penthos; hama gar ta dyo echei, geloion kai penthos, <penthos men> hoti pōs ho diabolos enekyēsen en tę̄ tōn anthrōpōn dianoią chleuasai to plasma to ek theou peplasmenon, geloion de peri tōn mēte horōntōn mēte ti syneton dianenoēmenōn.
For whether such a heresy exists or not, since I have heard many speak of it, it seemed reasonable to me, for safety's sake, to speak about it too and not leave it out, even if it has been dissolved and no longer exists; for I do not know for certain whether it still exists or not. But why do I stretch out the preface to the account so long? I will begin to relate the laughable—or rather the lamentable—thing; for it has both. It is lamentable because the devil conceived in men's minds a mockery of the creature formed by God; and laughable, concerning people who neither see nor have thought anything sensible.
Notes and citation
Summary: The sect is both laughable and lamentable; it may no longer exist.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.1.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 52, chapter 2
52.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:312
2. Πρῶτον γάρ φασι τοὺς τοιούτους τὰς αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίας ἤτοι φωλεοὺς καὶ σπήλυγγας (οὕτω γὰρ εἴποιμι τὰς τῶν αἱρέσεων, συνελεύσεις) ἐν ὑποκαύστοις οἰκοδομεῖσθαι ὑποκαίειν τε κάτωθεν, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αἴθμην εἰς θάλψιν τῶν ἔνδον ἐν τῷ οἰκίσκῳ συναγομένων.
2. Prōton gar phasi tous toioutous tas autōn ekklēsias ētoi phōleous kai spēlyngas (houtō gar eipoimi tas tōn haireseōn, syneleuseis) en hypokaustois oikodomeisthai hypokaiein te katōthen, dia to einai aithmēn eis thalpsin tōn endon en tǭ oikiskǭ synagomenōn.
2. First, they say that such people build their churches—or rather dens and caves, for so I would call the assemblies of the heresies—over hypocausts and heat them from below, so that there is warmth for those gathered inside the little building.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Adamians are said to meet in heated buildings.
- Epiphanius reports this as hearsay (“they say”).
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:312–313
ἐν δὲ τῷ εἰσιέναι ἱματιοφύλακές εἰσί τινες πρὸς ταῖς θύραις δίκην καμψαρίων ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἐπιτεταγμένοι καὶ ἕκαστος εἰσιών, ἤτοι ἀνὴρ ἤτοι γυνή, ἐκδυόμενος ἔξω εἴσεισι γυμνὸς ὡς ἀπὸ μητρὸς ὅλῳ τῷ σώματι, οἵ τε δοκοῦντες αὐτῶν ἀρχηγοὶ καὶ διδάσκαλοι πάντες ὡς ἐκ μητρὸς καθέζονται, οἱ μὲν ἄνω οἱ δὲ κάτω ἀναμὶξ καὶ σποράδην.
en de tǭ eisienai himatiophylakes eisi tines pros tais thyrais dikēn kampsariōn hypʼ autōn epitetagmenoi kai hekastos eisiōn, ētoi anēr ētoi gynē, ekdyomenos exō eiseisi gymnos hōs apo mētros holǭ tǭ sōmati, hoi te dokountes autōn archēgoi kai didaskaloi pantes hōs ek mētros kathezontai, hoi men anō hoi de katō anamix kai sporadēn.
As they enter, there are clothes-keepers at the doors, appointed by them like cloakroom attendants; and each one who enters, man or woman, undresses outside and goes in naked in the whole body, as from his mother's womb; and those who seem to be their leaders and teachers all sit as from their mother's womb, some above and some below, mixed and scattered.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Adamians are said to worship naked.
- A hostile report, which Epiphanius gives as hearsay; translated as written.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:312–313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:313
εἰσὶ δὲ πάντες παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐγκρατεῖς δῆθεν λεγόμενοί τε καὶ κομπάζοντες, καὶ παρθένοι, ὡς ἑαυτοὺς ἀπατῶσι· τάς τε ἀναγνώσεις καὶ τὰ ἄλλα αὐτῶν πάντα γυμνοὶ ὄντες τελοῦσιν.
eisi de pantes parʼ autois enkrateis dēthen legomenoi te kai kompazontes, kai parthenoi, hōs heautous apatōsi; tas te anagnōseis kai ta alla autōn panta gymnoi ontes telousin.
All of them among them are supposedly continent—so they are called and so they boast—and virgins, as they deceive themselves; and they carry out the readings and all their other rites naked.
Notes and citation
Summary: They claim continence and virginity.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:313
εἰ δὲ δόξειέ τινα, ὡς καὶ τοῦτο λέγουσιν, ἐν παραπτώματι γενέσθαι, οὐκέτι τοῦτον συνάγουσι· φά- σκουσι γὰρ αὐτὸν <εἶναι> τὸν Ἀδὰμ τὸν βεβρωκότα ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου καὶ κρίνουσιν ἐξεοῦσθαι ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ παραδείσου τοῦτον ἐκ τῆς αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίας. ἡγοῦνται γὰρ τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἐκκλησίαν εἶναι τὸν παράδεισον καὶ αὐτοὺτς εἶναι τοὺς περὶ Ἀδὰμ καὶ Εὔαν.
ei de doxeie tina, hōs kai touto legousin, en paraptōmati genesthai, ouketi touton synagousi; pha- skousi gar auton <einai> ton Adam ton bebrōkota apo tou xylou kai krinousin exeousthai hōs apo tou paradeisou touton ek tēs autōn ekklēsias. hēgountai gar tēn heautōn ekklēsian einai ton paradeison kai autouts einai tous peri Adam kai Euan.
And if anyone, as they also say, is thought to have fallen into a transgression, they no longer admit him to the assembly; for they say that he is Adam who ate from the tree, and they judge that he is to be expelled from their church as from paradise. For they consider their church to be paradise, and themselves to be Adam and Eve and their company.
Gen 3:6 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 3:23 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They regard their church as paradise and expel sinners.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:313
τίνι οὖν τῷ λόγῳ ὑποκαίουσι τὸν οἰκίσκον, ἵνα μὴ τὸ κρύος αὐτῶν ἐφάψηται; Ἀδὰμ γὰρ καὶ Εὔα οὐκ ἐν ὑποκαύστῳ οἴκῳ τὴν δίαιταν εἶχον οὔτε ἐν φλογμῷ τινι ὑπεπιέζοντο οὔτε κρύος αὐτοὺς ἐφόρτου.
tini oun tǭ logǭ hypokaiousi ton oikiskon, hina mē to kryos autōn ephapsētai? Adam gar kai Eua ouk en hypokaustǭ oikǭ tēn diaitan eichon oute en phlogmǭ tini hypepiezonto oute kryos autous ephortou.
Why, then, do they heat the building from below, so that the cold may not touch them? For Adam and Eve did not live in a heated house, nor were they oppressed by any heat, nor did cold trouble them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their heated buildings contradict their claim to be Adam.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:313
ἦν δὲ αὐτοῖς ἀὴρ καθαρώτατος καὶ <μετὰ> πάσης εὐκρασίας εὐτάκτως ἐκ θεοῦ μεμετρημένος, οὔτε ἀπηνότητι ψυχρίας τετονωμένος οὔτε ἀηδεστάτῃ ἐκπυρώσει καύσωνος ἐπηρτημένος, διαίτῃ δὲ ἀμβροσίᾳ <εὖ> μάλα ἐκ θεοῦ πεποιημένῃ ὁ χῶρος ἐτέτακτο, θυμηδίας καὶ εὐζωΐας ἐμπε- πλησμένος, καὶ οὔτε ῥίγει ὑπέπιπτον οὔτε καύσωνι, ὡς ἔφην. τούτων δὲ τοιούτων ἐπιδεομένων δήλη παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἡ χλεύη γίνεται.
ēn de autois aēr katharōtatos kai <meta> pasēs eukrasias eutaktōs ek theou memetrēmenos, oute apēnotēti psychrias tetonōmenos oute aēdestatę̄ ekpyrōsei kausōnos epērtēmenos, diaitę̄ de ambrosią <eu> mala ek theou pepoiēmenę̄ ho chōros etetakto, thymēdias kai euzōïas empe- plēsmenos, kai oute rhigei hypepipton oute kausōni, hōs ephēn. toutōn de toioutōn epideomenōn dēlē parʼ autois hē chleuē ginetai.
They had the purest air, measured out in good order by God with a perfect temperance, neither made harsh by the severity of cold nor oppressive with the most unpleasant burning heat. The place was set in order for an ambrosial way of life, made very well by God, filled with delight and good living; and they were subject neither to cold nor to heat, as I said. Since these people need such things, the mockery is plain among them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Paradise had a perfect climate, unlike the Adamians' heated halls.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 52, chapter 3
52.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:313
3. Εἶτα δὲ καὶ τὸ ἕτερον σκοπήσωμεν, πῶς ἡ πᾶσα πλάνη διε- λέγχεται, ὅτι οὐ μίαν ὥραν ἐκεῖνοι γυμνοὶ ἦσαν, ἀλλὰ διηνεκῶς »καὶ οὐκ ᾐσχύνοντο«. τούτοις δὲ οὐ διὰ τὸ μὴ αἰσχύνεσθαι ἡ γύμνωσις, κἄν τε οὕτως αὐτοὶ νομίσωσιν, ἀλλʼ ἕνεκεν ἀκορέστου ἡδονῆς, κόραις ὀφθαλμῶν ἐμποιούσης τὴν θέλξιν.
3. Eita de kai to heteron skopēsōmen, pōs hē pasa planē die- lenchetai, hoti ou mian hōran ekeinoi gymnoi ēsan, alla diēnekōs »kai ouk ę̄schynonto«. toutois de ou dia to mē aischynesthai hē gymnōsis, kan te houtōs autoi nomisōsin, allʼ heneken akorestou hēdonēs, korais ophthalmōn empoiousēs tēn thelxin.
3. Then let us consider the other point too, how the whole error is refuted: those were not naked for one hour, but continually, “and they were not ashamed.” But for these people nakedness is not due to being without shame, even if they think so, but for the sake of insatiable pleasure, which works its enchantment through the pupils of the eyes.
Gen 2:25 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Adam and Eve were always naked and unashamed; the Adamians are not.
- Epiphanius's accusation, translated as written.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:313–314
ἀφῄρηται γὰρ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἡ αἰδὼς ἡ ἐν πάσαις ἁγίαις γραφαῖς ἐπαινουμένη καὶ ἀληθῶς πεπλήρωται τὸ παρὰ τῷ προφήτῃ εἰρημένον, τό »ὄψις πόρνης ἐγένετό σοι, ἀπηναισχύντησας πρὸς πάντας«.
aphę̄rētai gar apʼ autōn hē aidōs hē en pasais hagiais graphais epainoumenē kai alēthōs peplērōtai to para tǭ prophētę̄ eirēmenon, to »opsis pornēs egeneto soi, apēnaischyntēsas pros pantas«.
For the modesty praised in all the holy Scriptures has been taken from them, and truly the saying of the prophet has been fulfilled, “You had the face of a harlot; you became shameless toward all.”
Jer 3:3 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Adamians have lost modesty.
- Jer 3:3, quoted freely.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:313–314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:314
μετὰ δὲ τὴν ὥραν ἐκείνην ἔξω ἱματίοις ἀμφιέννυνται καὶ οὐκέτι εἰσὶν ὁ Ἀδάμ, οὔτε γὰρ εὐθὺς ἐκεῖνος καὶ ἡ αὐτοῦ γυνὴ ἱματίων ηὐπόρησαν, ἀλλὰ πρῶτον μὲν φύλλα συκῆς ἑαυτοῖς ἔρραψαν, ἔπειτα δὲ χιτῶνες δερμάτινοι αὐτοῖς ἐδόθησαν καὶ οὕτως μετὰ πολὺν χρόνον τῆς αὐτῶν ζωῆς »ἡ παμποίκιλος τοῦ θεοῦ« σοφία τὴν εἴδησιν αὐτοῖς ἐνέβαλε τῶν ἀμφίων.
meta de tēn hōran ekeinēn exō himatiois amphiennyntai kai ouketi eisin ho Adam, oute gar euthys ekeinos kai hē autou gynē himatiōn ēuporēsan, alla prōton men phylla sykēs heautois errapsan, epeita de chitōnes dermatinoi autois edothēsan kai houtōs meta polyn chronon tēs autōn zōēs »hē pampoikilos tou theou« sophia tēn eidēsin autois enebale tōn amphiōn.
And after that hour they put on clothes outside and are no longer Adam. For neither did he and his wife have plenty of clothes at once; first they sewed fig leaves for themselves, then garments of skin were given them, and so, after a long time of their life, “the manifold wisdom of God” put into them the knowledge of clothing.
Gen 3:7 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 3:21 (allusion, high confidence) · Eph 3:10 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Adam and Eve received clothing only gradually.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:314
καὶ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον οὗτοι χλευασθήσονται, λέγοντες ἑαυτοὺς εἶναι τοὺς περὶ Ἀδάμ, καταψευδόμενοι ἑαυτῶν καὶ ἅμα ἀληθεύοντες.
kai kata panta tropon houtoi chleuasthēsontai, legontes heautous einai tous peri Adam, katapseudomenoi heautōn kai hama alētheuontes.
And in every way these people will be mocked, saying that they are Adam and his company—lying about themselves and at the same time telling the truth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their claim to be Adam is both false and ironically true.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:314
ὅτι μὲν γὰρ οὗτοι Ἀδὰμ οὐχ ὑπάρχουσι, τοῦτο δῆλον ἐκ πολλῶν τεκμηρίων, ὡς καὶ ὑπεδείξαμεν· ὅτι δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ νοητοῦ ὄφεως ἐμπαίζονται, τοῦτο δῆλον διὰ τῆς παραπεποιημένης αὐτῶν σχηματουργίας καὶ γυμνώσεως καὶ αἰσχύνης καὶ χλεύης.
hoti men gar houtoi Adam ouch hyparchousi, touto dēlon ek pollōn tekmēriōn, hōs kai hypedeixamen; hoti de hypo tou noētou opheōs empaizontai, touto dēlon dia tēs parapepoiēmenēs autōn schēmatourgias kai gymnōseōs kai aischynēs kai chleuēs.
For that they are not Adam is plain from many proofs, as we have shown; but that they are mocked by the spiritual serpent is plain from their counterfeit play-acting, their nakedness, their shame, and their mockery.
Notes and citation
Summary: They are deceived by the serpent, like Adam.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.3.6Holl GCS 25/31:314
Οὐκ ἄξιον δὲ ἡμᾶς περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαι τούτων τὴν ἀνατροπήν. οὔτε γὰρ τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτῶν ζῷον σκευῶν πολεμικῶν ἢ μεγάλων ὅπλων ἐπιδέεται πρὸς ἀναίρεσιν.
Ouk axion de hēmas peri pollou poieisthai toutōn tēn anatropēn. oute gar to homoion autōn zǭon skeuōn polemikōn ē megalōn hoplōn epideetai pros anairesin.
It is not worth our while to make much of refuting them. For the animal they resemble does not need weapons of war or great arms to be destroyed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The sect needs little refutation.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.3.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.3.7Holl GCS 25/31:314
διὰ γὰρ μικρᾶς ῥάβδου τὸ τοιοῦτον ἀφανίζεται. πολλάκις δὲ μετὰ τὸ ἀνενεχθῆναι ἐκ τοῦ φωλεοῦ καταλιμπάνεται μόνον καὶ ἑαυτῷ διαφθείρεται, γελώμενον καὶ ἐμπαιζόμενον καὶ μὴ εὑρίσκον την καταφυγήν, ὡς καὶ οὗτοι ἁλόντες αἰσχύνονται διὰ τῆς παγγελλάστου χλεύης καὶ ἀσέμνου διαγωγῆς καὶ ὑποθέσεως τῆς ληρῳδίας.
dia gar mikras rhabdou to toiouton aphanizetai. pollakis de meta to anenechthēnai ek tou phōleou katalimpanetai monon kai heautǭ diaphtheiretai, gelōmenon kai empaizomenon kai mē heuriskon tēn kataphygēn, hōs kai houtoi halontes aischynontai dia tēs pangellastou chleuēs kai asemnou diagōgēs kai hypotheseōs tēs lērǭdias.
For such a creature is done away with by a small stick. Often, after being brought up from its den, it is simply left alone and perishes by itself, laughed at and mocked and unable to find its refuge; so these people too, when caught, are put to shame by their utterly laughable mockery, their indecent conduct, and the substance of their nonsense.
Notes and citation
Summary: Like the mole, the sect perishes when exposed.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.3.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
52.3.8Holl GCS 25/31:314
τὰς δὲ ἑξῆς διασκοπήσοντες πάλιν εὐξώμεθα κύριον ἀρήγειν ἡμῖν εἰς τὴν τῶν ἄλλων εὕρεσίν τε καὶ ἀνατροπὴν καὶ ἡμῶν καὶ τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων σωτηρίαν.
tas de hexēs diaskopēsontes palin euxōmetha kyrion arēgein hēmin eis tēn tōn allōn heuresin te kai anatropēn kai hēmōn kai tōn entynchanontōn sōtērian.
As we examine the next ones, let us pray again that the Lord help us in the discovery and refutation of the others, and for the salvation of ourselves and of our readers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius prays before continuing.
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 52.3.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-52-3-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 53, chapter 1
53.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:314–315
Σαμψαίων τινῶν ἐν τῇ Περαίᾳ, περὶ ὧν ἤδη ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις αἱρέσεσιν ἐπεμνήσθημεν, τῶν δὴ καὶ Ἐλεσαίων καλουμένων, αἵρεσίς τις ὑπάρχει ἐν τῇ Περαίᾳ οὕτω καλουμένῃ χώρᾳ πέραν τῆς ἁλυκῆς ἤτοι νεκρᾶς καλουμένης θαλάσσης, ἔν <τε> τῇ Μωαβίτιδι χώρᾳ περὶ τὸν χειμάρρουν Ἀρνὼν καὶ ἐπέκεινα ἐν τῇ Ἰτουραίᾳ καὶ Ναβατίτιδι, ὡς καὶ ἤδη μοι πολλάκις περὶ τούτων δεδήλωται.
Sampsaiōn tinōn en tę̄ Peraią, peri hōn ēdē en tais allais hairesesin epemnēsthēmen, tōn dē kai Elesaiōn kaloumenōn, hairesis tis hyparchei en tę̄ Peraią houtō kaloumenę̄ chōrą peran tēs halykēs ētoi nekras kaloumenēs thalassēs, en <te> tę̄ Mōabitidi chōrą peri ton cheimarroun Arnōn kai epekeina en tę̄ Itouraią kai Nabatitidi, hōs kai ēdē moi pollakis peri toutōn dedēlōtai.
There is a heresy of certain Sampsaeans in Peraea—whom we have already mentioned in the other heresies, who are also called Elkesaites—in the country called Peraea, beyond the sea called the Salt or Dead Sea, and in the land of Moab around the torrent Arnon, and beyond, in Ituraea and Nabataea, as I have already often indicated about them.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Sampsaeans, or Elkesaites, live east of the Dead Sea.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:314–315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:315
οὗτοι γὰρ αὐχοῦσι τὸν Ἠλξαῖον αὐτῶν εἶναι διδάσκαλον, ἔτι δὲ καὶ εἰς δεῦρο τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ ὑπαρχούσας δύο γυναῖκας, προσκυνουμένας ὡς θεὰς δῆθεν διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὰς ἐκ σπέρματος εὐλογημένου.
houtoi gar auchousi ton Ēlxaion autōn einai didaskalon, eti de kai eis deuro tou genous autou hyparchousas dyo gynaikas, proskynoumenas hōs theas dēthen dia to einai autas ek spermatos eulogēmenou.
For they boast that Elxai is their teacher, and that even to this day there are two women of his family, who are worshipped as goddesses, supposedly because they are of blessed seed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Two women of Elxai's family are revered as goddesses.
- Epiphanius's report, translated as written.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:315
κέχρηνται δὲ τῇ βίβλῳ ταύτῃ καὶ Ὀσσαῖοι καὶ Ἐβιωναῖοι καὶ Ναζωραῖοι, ὡς καὶ ἤδη πολλάκις εἶπον. φύσει δὲ οὗτοι οἱ Σαμψαῖοι ἐξ αὐτῆς ὁρμῶνται, οὔτε Χριστιανοὶ ὑπάρχοντες οὔτε Ἰουδαῖοι οὔτε Ἕλληνες, ἀλλὰ μέσον ὁπλῶς ὑπάρχοντες οὐδέν εἰσι. φασὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλο βιβίον ἔχειν Ἰεξαὶ λεγόμενον ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ Ἠλξαΐ.
kechrēntai de tę̄ biblǭ tautę̄ kai Ossaioi kai Ebiōnaioi kai Nazōraioi, hōs kai ēdē pollakis eipon. physei de houtoi hoi Sampsaioi ex autēs hormōntai, oute Christianoi hyparchontes oute Ioudaioi oute Hellēnes, alla meson hoplōs hyparchontes ouden eisi. phasi de kai allo bibion echein Iexai legomenon adelphou tou Ēlxaï.
The Ossaeans, Ebionites, and Nazoraeans also use this book, as I have already often said. But these Sampsaeans, naturally, derive from it, being neither Christians nor Jews nor Greeks; being simply in between, they are nothing. They say they also have another book, called that of Iexai, the brother of Elxai.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Sampsaeans use the book of Elxai and are neither Christian nor Jewish nor pagan.
- “This book” is the book of Elxai.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:315
θεὸν δὲ ἕνα λέγουσι καὶ δὴθεν αὐτὸν σέβουσι βαπτισμοῖς τισι χρώμενοι· πρόσκεινται δὲ Ἰουδαίοις οὐκ ἐν ἅπασιν. ἀπέχονται δὲ καὶ ἐμψύχων τινὲς ἐξ αὐτῶν.
theon de hena legousi kai dēthen auton sebousi baptismois tisi chrōmenoi; proskeintai de Ioudaiois ouk en hapasin. apechontai de kai empsychōn tines ex autōn.
They speak of one God and supposedly worship him, using certain baptisms; they adhere to the Jews, though not in everything. Some of them also abstain from animal food.
Notes and citation
Summary: They worship one God with repeated washings.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:315
ὑπεραποθνῄσκουσι δὲ τῶν ἐκ γένους τοῦ Ἠλξαΐ. καὶ ἐν μὲν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ ἠκηκόειν ὅτι τέθνηκεν ἡ μία γυνὴ ἡ Μαρθοῦς καλουμένη, ἔμεινε δὲ καὶ ἔτι νῦν Μαρθάνα, εἰ μὴ καὶ αὐτὴ τέθνηκεν.
hyperapothnę̄skousi de tōn ek genous tou Ēlxaï. kai en men tǭ chronǭ toutǭ ēkēkoein hoti tethnēken hē mia gynē hē Marthous kaloumenē, emeine de kai eti nyn Marthana, ei mē kai autē tethnēken.
They die for those of Elxai's family. And at this time I heard that one of the women, called Marthous, has died, but Marthana still remains even now, unless she too has died.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius reports on Elxai's living descendants.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:315
εἴποτε δὲ ἔξοδον εἶχον αἱ τοιαῦταί ποι βαδίζουσαι, σανεπόμενοι οἱ ὄχλοι αὐτῶν τὸν χοῦν τῶν ποδῶν λαμβάνοντες ἰάσεως ἕνεκεν δῆθεν καὶ τὸν σίελον τῶν πτυσμάτων ὡσαύτως μεγάλως ἐμπαιζόμενοι ἐχρῶντο ἐν φυλακτηρίοις τε καὶ περιάπτοις. πᾶσα γὰρ πλάνη ἔσχε πρῶτον τὴν τύφλωσιν, ἔπειτα τὴν κενοφωνίαν.
eipote de exodon eichon hai toiautai poi badizousai, sanepomenoi hoi ochloi autōn ton choun tōn podōn lambanontes iaseōs heneken dēthen kai ton sielon tōn ptysmatōn hōsautōs megalōs empaizomenoi echrōnto en phylaktēriois te kai periaptois. pasa gar planē esche prōton tēn typhlōsin, epeita tēn kenophōnian.
Whenever such women went out, walking somewhere, the crowds followed them and took the dust of their feet, supposedly for healing, and likewise the spittle from their spitting; being greatly deluded, they used them in phylacteries and amulets. For every error has first blindness, then empty talk.
Notes and citation
Summary: Followers used the women's dust and spittle as amulets.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:315
καὶ οὔτε προφήτας δέχονται οἱ τοιοῦτοι οὔτε ἀποστόλους, τὰ πάντα δὲ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἠπάτηται. τετίμηται δὲ αὐτοῖς τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τοῦτο ὡς θεὸν ἡγοῦνται, σχεδὸν φάσκοντες εἶναι τὴν ζωὴν ἐκ τούτου.
kai oute prophētas dechontai hoi toioutoi oute apostolous, ta panta de parʼ autois ēpatētai. tetimētai de autois to hydōr kai touto hōs theon hēgountai, schedon phaskontes einai tēn zōēn ek toutou.
And such people accept neither prophets nor apostles, but everything among them is deception. They honor water and regard it as God, practically saying that life comes from it.
Notes and citation
Summary: They reject prophets and apostles and revere water.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.1.8Holl GCS 25/31:315–316
Χριστὸν δὲ ὀνόματι ὁμολο- γοῦσι, κτίσμα αὐτὸν ἡγούμενοι καὶ ἀεί ποτε φαινόμενον, καὶ πρῶτον μὲν πεπλάσθαι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ, ἐκδύεσθαι δὲ αὐτὸν τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἀδὰμ καὶ πάλιν ἐνδύεσθαι, ὅτε βούλεται.
Christon de onomati homolo- gousi, ktisma auton hēgoumenoi kai aei pote phainomenon, kai prōton men peplasthai auton en tǭ Adam, ekdyesthai de auton to sōma tou Adam kai palin endyesthai, hote bouletai.
They confess Christ in name, but consider him a creature that appears from time to time: he was first formed in Adam, and he puts off the body of Adam and puts it on again when he wishes.
Notes and citation
Summary: They make Christ a created being who repeatedly appears.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:315–316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.1.9Holl GCS 25/31:316
καλεῖσθαι δὲ αὐτὸν Χριστὸν καὶ εἶναι τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τὸ ὕψος ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἔχον, ὑπάρχουσαν, ἐνενήκοντα ἓξ μιλίων τὸ ὕψος ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἔχονν, τόν τε Χριστὸν καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, καὶ τὸ πλάτος εἰκοσιτεσσάρων, καὶ πολλὰ ληρώδη ἕτερα *.
kaleisthai de auton Christon kai einai to hagion pneuma to hypsos hekaston autōn echon, hyparchousan, enenēkonta hex miliōn to hypsos hekaston autōn echonn, ton te Christon kai to pneuma to hagion, kai to platos eikositessarōn, kai polla lērōdē hetera *.
He is called Christ, and the Holy Spirit is female; and each of them, Christ and the Holy Spirit, is ninety-six miles in height and twenty-four in breadth; and much other nonsense ….
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: They describe Christ and the Spirit as gigantic figures.
- The digital text is garbled and repeats words here; “female” is supplied from the feminine participle (ὑπάρχουσαν). Holl marks a gap (*) at the end.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.1.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 53, chapter 2
53.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:316
2. Ἤδη δὲ περὶ τούτων πολλάκις ἐν ἄλλαις αἱρέσεσι διηγούμενος τὰς ἀνατροπὰς πεποίημαι· διὸ οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον ἡγησάμην περὶ πολλοῦ ποιήσασθαι τὴν αὐτῶν κατάλυσιν τῆς ἀνατροπῆς, ὡς ἤδη ἡμῶν ἐργασαμένων εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν Ἠλξαῖον εἴτʼ οὖν Ἠλξαῒ καὶ τοὺς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις προδεδηλωμέναις αἱρέσεσι· πᾶσι γὰρ φωρατὸς ὁ τοιοῦτος καὶ ἡ ἐξ αὐτοῦ αἵρεσις ὅτι πεπλάνηται.
2. Ēdē de peri toutōn pollakis en allais hairesesi diēgoumenos tas anatropas pepoiēmai; dio ouk anankaion hēgēsamēn peri pollou poiēsasthai tēn autōn katalysin tēs anatropēs, hōs ēdē hēmōn ergasamenōn eis auton ton Ēlxaion eitʼ oun Ēlxaï kai tous apʼ autou en tais allais prodedēlōmenais hairesesi; pasi gar phōratos ho toioutos kai hē ex autou hairesis hoti peplanētai.
2. I have already made the refutations of these people many times while narrating other heresies; so I did not think it necessary to make much of their overthrow by refutation, since we have already dealt with Elxai himself, or Elxai, and those derived from him in the other heresies already set out. For such a man, and the heresy derived from him, is plainly detected by all as having gone astray.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius has refuted Elxai elsewhere.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:316
ὡς οὖν σαύραν ἡλιακὴν πεπαικότες ῥάβδῳ ἐλπίδος Χριστοῦ καὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ ἐπὶ τὰς ἑξῆς ἔωμεν. ἄξιον γάρ ἐστιν ᾧ ὀνόματι ἑαυτοὺς καὶ οὗτοι ὠνόμασαν, τῷ αὐτῷ κεχρῆσθαι αἰνίγματι εἰς φράσιν τῆς αὐτῶν παραπεποιημένης ἐπωνυμίας. Σαμψαῖοι γὰρ ἑρμηνεύονται Ἡλιακοί·
hōs oun sauran hēliakēn pepaikotes rhabdǭ elpidos Christou kai tou staurou epi tas hexēs eōmen. axion gar estin hǭ onomati heautous kai houtoi ōnomasan, tǭ autǭ kechrēsthai ainigmati eis phrasin tēs autōn parapepoiēmenēs epōnymias. Sampsaioi gar hermēneuontai Hēliakoi;
So, having struck it like a sun-lizard with the rod of the hope of Christ and of the cross, let us go on to the next. For it is fitting to use, for expressing their counterfeit name, the same riddle as the name by which they too named themselves. For “Sampsaeans” means “Sun-people”;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Sampsaeans' name means 'Sun-people'.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:316
διὸ καὶ τοῦ ζῴου ἐπεμνήσθημεν. ταύτην γὰρ σαύραν οὕτω κικλῄσκουσιν ἡλιακὴν οἱ ἄνθρωποι. χείρων δὲ ἡ αἵρεσις αὕτη τῆς σαύρας, μηδὲ τὸ ἀκαριαῖον τῆς ὠφελείας αὐτῆς ἔχουσα. ἐκείνη γὰρ ἀμβλυωπήσασα χρόνῳ ἀναβλέπει διὰ ἡλιακῆς στροφάλιγγος· ἐν φωλεῷ <γὰρ> πρὸς ἀνατολὴν προσέχοντι ἑαυτὴν προσθλίψασα καὶ νηστεύσασα πρὸς ἀνατολήν <τε> κατανοοῦσα ἀποτίθεται τὴν ἀμβλυωπίαν· αὕτη δὲ φημι ἡ αἵρεσις ἐν ἅπασιν <τὴν> ἀφροσύνην κέκτηται τοῦ ζῴου, οὐ μὴν κἂν τὸ ὀλίγον τοῦ ἐπαίνου.
dio kai tou zǭou epemnēsthēmen. tautēn gar sauran houtō kiklę̄skousin hēliakēn hoi anthrōpoi. cheirōn de hē hairesis hautē tēs sauras, mēde to akariaion tēs ōpheleias autēs echousa. ekeinē gar amblyōpēsasa chronǭ anablepei dia hēliakēs strophalingos; en phōleǭ <gar> pros anatolēn prosechonti heautēn prosthlipsasa kai nēsteusasa pros anatolēn <te> katanoousa apotithetai tēn amblyōpian; hautē de phēmi hē hairesis en hapasin <tēn> aphrosynēn kektētai tou zǭou, ou mēn kan to oligon tou epainou.
that is why we also mentioned the animal, for people call this lizard the sun-lizard. But this heresy is worse than the lizard, having not even the tiniest part of its usefulness. For the lizard, when it has grown dim-sighted with age, recovers its sight through the sun's turning: squeezing itself into a den facing east, fasting and gazing toward the east, it lays aside its dim sight. But this heresy, I say, has acquired the animal's folly in everything, but not even a little of what is praiseworthy in it.
Notes and citation
Summary: The heresy is worse than the sun-lizard, which at least regains its sight.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
53.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:316–317
οὕτως οὖν καὶ αὕτη ἡ αἵρεσις, σαύρα ἡμῖν λεχθεῖσα ἡλιακή, [καὶ] καταπατηθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας † αὐτοῦ μενέτω, μηδὲν κατισχύουσα κατὰ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἀληθείας· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐπὶ τὰς ἄλλας, ὡς εἴπαμεν, ἐξορμήσωμεν.
houtōs oun kai hautē hē hairesis, saura hēmin lechtheisa hēliakē, [kai] katapatētheisa hypo tēs alētheias † autou menetō, mēden katischyousa kata tēs tou theou alētheias; hēmeis de epi tas allas, hōs eipamen, exormēsōmen.
So, then, let this heresy too, which we have called a sun-lizard, trampled by the truth, remain … there, with no strength against God's truth; and let us, as we said, set out for the others.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius dismisses the Sampsaeans.
- Holl marks the text as corrupt (†). The editor deletes “and” (καὶ).
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 53.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:316–317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-53-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 54, chapter 1
54.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:317
Ἀνέστη πάλιν Θεόδοτός τις, ἀπόσπασμα ὑπάρχων ἐκ τῆς προειρηένης ἀλόγου αἱρέσεως, τῆς ἀρνουμένης τὸ κατὰ Ἰωάννην εὐαγγέλιον καὶ τὸν ἐν αὐτῷ <κηρυχθέντα> ἐν ἀρχῇ ὄντα θεὸν Λόγον καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ Ἀποκάλυψιν,
Anestē palin Theodotos tis, apospasma hyparchōn ek tēs proeirēenēs alogou haireseōs, tēs arnoumenēs to kata Iōannēn euangelion kai ton en autǭ <kērychthenta> en archę̄ onta theon Logon kai tēn autou Apokalypsin,
Again a certain Theodotus arose, a fragment of the Alogian heresy mentioned before, which denies the Gospel according to John, and God the Word who was in the beginning, proclaimed in it, and his Revelation;
John 1:1 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus, an offshoot of the Alogi, is introduced.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:317
ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις αἱρέσεσι ταῖς προειρημέναις συγγενόμενός τε καὶ συνυπάρξας καὶ κατὰ τὸν κρόνον αὐτὰς διαδεξάμενος, ἐξ οὗπερ οἱ Θεοδοτιανοὶ καλούμενοι. καὶ εἰ μὲν ὑπάρχει ἔτι ἡ αἵρεσις ἀγνοοῦμεν, τὰ δὲ εἰς ἡμᾶς αὐπὸ συγγραμμάτων ἐλθόντα ἐροῦμεν.
alla kai tais allais hairesesi tais proeirēmenais syngenomenos te kai synyparxas kai kata ton kronon autas diadexamenos, ex houper hoi Theodotianoi kaloumenoi. kai ei men hyparchei eti hē hairesis agnooumen, ta de eis hēmas aupo syngrammatōn elthonta eroumen.
but he also associated and coexisted with the other heresies mentioned before, and succeeded them in time; from him come those called Theodotians. Whether the heresy still exists we do not know, but we shall say what has come to us from treatises.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius knows the Theodotians from written sources.
- κρόνον is read as χρόνον (“time”).
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:317
Oὗτος ὁ Θεόδοτος ἀπὸ Βυζαντίου μὲν ὡρμᾶτο, τῆς νυνὶ Κωνσταντινουπάλεως καλουμένης, σκυτεὺς τὴν τέχνην, πολυμαθὴς δὲ τῷ λόγῳ.
Ohytos ho Theodotos apo Byzantiou men hōrmato, tēs nyni Kōnstantinoupaleōs kaloumenēs, skyteus tēn technēn, polymathēs de tǭ logǭ.
This Theodotus came from Byzantium, which is now called Constantinople; he was a leatherworker by trade, but learned in speech.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus was a learned leatherworker from Byzantium.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:317–318
οὗτος ἅμα τισὶ πλείοσιν ἐν καιρῷ διωγμοῦ ἐνστάντος (οὐκ οἶδα εἰπεῖν ἐν ποίῳ διωγμῷ) ἀπὸ τοῦ τῆς πόλεως ἄρχοντος συλλη- φθεὶς [μετὰ πλειόνων] καὶ ἐξετασθεὶς σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ, οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι πάντες θεοῦ δοῦλοι τὸ νῖκος ἀπενεγκάμενοι βραβείων ἔτυχον ἐπουρανίων ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ μαρτυρήσαντες,
houtos hama tisi pleiosin en kairǭ diōgmou enstantos (ouk oida eipein en poiǭ diōgmǭ) apo tou tēs poleōs archontos syllē- phtheis [meta pleionōn] kai exetastheis syn tois allois hyper Christou, hoi men alloi pantes theou douloi to nikos apenenkamenoi brabeiōn etychon epouraniōn hyper Christou martyrēsantes,
When a persecution arose (I cannot say which persecution), he was arrested by the city's governor together with a number of others and examined with the rest for Christ. All the others, servants of God, won the victory and obtained heavenly prizes, having borne witness for Christ;
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus was arrested in a persecution with others who were martyred.
- The editor deletes “with a number” (μετὰ πλειόνων), repeated.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:317–318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:318
οὗτος δὲ Χριστὸν ἀρνησάμενος καὶ παραπεσὼν τοῦ σκοποῦ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐν παρεκβάσει γεγένηται, καὶ ἀπὸ αἰσχύνης πολλῆς ὑπὸ πολλῶν ὀνειδιζόμενος ἀπέδρασε τῆς ἑαυτοῦ πατρίδος καὶ ἀναβὰς εἰς ῾Ρώμην ἐκεῖσε διέτριβεν.
houtos de Christon arnēsamenos kai parapesōn tou skopou tēs alētheias en parekbasei gegenētai, kai apo aischynēs pollēs hypo pollōn oneidizomenos apedrase tēs heautou patridos kai anabas eis ῾Rōmēn ekeise dietriben.
but he denied Christ and, falling away from the goal of the truth, went off course; and out of great shame, being reproached by many, he fled his homeland and went up to Rome and lived there.
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus denied Christ and fled to Rome.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:318
ἐπιγνωσθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν ῾Ρώμῃ, πάλιν ἐκεῖ τῷ αὐτῷ ὀνείδει ὑπέπεσε διὰ τὸ ἐγκαλεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτὸν εἰδότων ἕνεκεν τῆς πολυμαθίας, ὅτι ἀνὴρ πολυμαθὴς ὢν ἐξέπεσε τῆς ἀληθείας.
epignōstheis de hypo tōn en ῾Rōmę̄, palin ekei tǭ autǭ oneidei hypepese dia to enkaleisthai auton hypo tōn auton eidotōn heneken tēs polymathias, hoti anēr polymathēs ōn exepese tēs alētheias.
But being recognized by those in Rome, he fell under the same reproach there, since he was accused by those who knew him on account of his learning: that, being a learned man, he had fallen away from the truth.
Notes and citation
Summary: In Rome Theodotus was reproached for his apostasy.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:318
εἰς ἑαυτοῦ δὲ δῆθεν κακὴν ἀπολογίαν ἐπινενόηκε τουτὶ τὸ καινὸν δόγμα, φήσας ὅτι »θεὸν ἐγὼ οὐκ ἠρνησάμην, ἀλλὰ ἄνθρωπον ἠρνησάμην«. εἶτα ἐρωτώμενος »ποῖον ἄνθρωπον« ἀπεκρίνατο λέγων »Χριστὸν ἠρνησάμην ἄνθρωπον«.
eis heautou de dēthen kakēn apologian epinenoēke touti to kainon dogma, phēsas hoti »theon egō ouk ērnēsamēn, alla anthrōpon ērnēsamēn«. eita erōtōmenos »poion anthrōpon« apekrinato legōn »Christon ērnēsamēn anthrōpon«.
As a wretched defense of himself, supposedly, he devised this new doctrine, saying, “I did not deny God; I denied a man.” Then, when asked, “What man?”, he answered, saying, “I denied Christ, a man.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus excused his denial by calling Christ a mere man.
- Epiphanius's account, translated as written.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.1.8Holl GCS 25/31:318
Ἐντεῦθεν οὕτως ἑαυτῷ ἐδογμάτισε δόγμα καὶ οἱ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ συσταθέντες Θεοδοτιανοί, ψιλὸν ἄνθρωπον φάσκοντες εἶναι τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ ἐκ σπέρματος ἀνδρὸς γεγεννῆσθαι.
Enteuthen houtōs heautǭ edogmatise dogma kai hoi apʼ autou systathentes Theodotianoi, psilon anthrōpon phaskontes einai ton Christon kai ek spermatos andros gegennēsthai.
From then on he laid down this doctrine for himself, as did the Theodotians who were formed from him, saying that Christ is a mere man and was born of a man's seed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Theodotians teach that Christ was a mere man.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Stray page-break marker in the digital text.): ἐδογμάτισε | δόγμα → ἐδογμάτισε δόγμα.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.1.9Holl GCS 25/31:318
εἶτα εἰς κακὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀπολογίαν ὅσαπερ χρήσιμα εὗρεν (οὐχ ἁγνῶς οἰόμενος, ἀλλὰ προφάσει τῆς αὐτοῦ παρεκτροπῆς ταῦτα ἑαυτῷ ἐπισωρεύων) συνήγαγεν, »ὅτι, φησίν, ὁ Χριστὸς ἔφη· νῦν δέ με ζητεῖτε ἀποκτεῖναι ἄνθρωπον, ὃς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὑμῖν λελάληκα«. ὁρᾷς, φησίν, ὅτι ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν.
eita eis kakēn heautou apologian hosaper chrēsima heuren (ouch hagnōs oiomenos, alla prophasei tēs autou parektropēs tauta heautǭ episōreuōn) synēgagen, »hoti, phēsin, ho Christos ephē; nyn de me zēteite apokteinai anthrōpon, hos tēn alētheian hymin lelalēka«. horąs, phēsin, hoti anthrōpos estin.
Then, for his wretched defense, he collected whatever he found useful (not with a pure intention, but heaping these things up for himself as a pretext for his deviation): “For,” he says, “Christ said, ‘But now you seek to kill me, a man who has spoken the truth to you.’ You see,” he says, “that he is a man.”
John 8:40 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus cited John 8:40 to prove Christ a mere man.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.1.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 54, chapter 2
54.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:318–319
2. ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔγνω ὁ τάλας ὅτι ἐν ταὐτῷ ὁ κύριος λέγει »τὴν ἀλή- θειαν, ἣν ἤκουσα παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου«. πατέρα δὲ ἑαυτοῦ λέγει τὸν θεόν· οὐ γὰρ ἄνθρωπον.
2. allʼ ouk egnō ho talas hoti en tautǭ ho kyrios legei »tēn alē- theian, hēn ēkousa para tou patros mou«. patera de heautou legei ton theon; ou gar anthrōpon.
2. But the wretch did not know that in the same place the Lord says, “the truth which I heard from my Father.” And he calls God his Father, not a man.
John 8:40 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The same verse names God as Christ's Father.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:318–319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:319
εἰ γὰρ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου ἀκήκοεν, οὐκ ἐκαυχᾶτο τῇ μαρτυρίᾳ τῆς ἀληθείας, λέγων παρὰ ἀνθρώπων τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀκηκοέναι· ἀλλʼ ἴνα σημάνῃ θεὸν αὐτὸν ὄντα ἐκ πατρὸς ἄνωθεν γεγεννημένον, ἄνθρωπον δὲ διʼ ἡμᾶς γενόμενον καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ ἀποκτανθέντα, ἐν θεότητι δὲ ἀεὶ ζῶντα.
ei gar para anthrōpou akēkoen, ouk ekauchato tę̄ martyrią tēs alētheias, legōn para anthrōpōn tēn alētheian akēkoenai; allʼ ina sēmanę̄ theon auton onta ek patros anōthen gegennēmenon, anthrōpon de diʼ hēmas genomenon kai en sarki apoktanthenta, en theotēti de aei zōnta.
For if he had heard it from a man, he would not have gloried in the testimony of the truth by saying that he had heard the truth from men. Rather, he says it to signify that he is God, begotten of the Father from above, but became man for our sake and was killed in the flesh, while in his Godhead he lives forever.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ is God begotten of the Father, made man and killed in the flesh.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:319
Εἶτά φησι μηδὲ ἁμαρτίαν πεποιηκέναι ἀρνησάμενον τὸν Χριστόν, »αὐτοῦ, φησί, τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰπόντος· πᾶσα βλασφημία ἀφεθήσεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις«, καὶ »ὁ λέγων λόγον εἰς τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ· τῷ δὲ βλασφημοῦντι εἰς τὸ ἄγιον πνεῦμα, οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ«.
Eita phēsi mēde hamartian pepoiēkenai arnēsamenon ton Christon, »autou, phēsi, tou Christou eipontos; pasa blasphēmia aphethēsetai tois anthrōpois«, kai »ho legōn logon eis ton huion tou anthrōpou aphethēsetai autǭ; tǭ de blasphēmounti eis to agion pneuma, ouk aphethēsetai autǭ«.
Then he says that he committed no sin in denying Christ, “since Christ himself,” he says, “said, ‘Every blasphemy will be forgiven men,’ and ‘Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him.’”
Matt 12:31 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 12:32 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 12:10 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus argued that denying the Son of Man is forgivable.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:319
καὶ ἀγνοεῖ ὁ ἐλεεινὸς ἄνθρωπος ὄτι βουλόμενος ὁ κύριος προασφαλίσασθαι τὴν σωτηρίαν τῶν ποτὲ αὐτὸν βλασφημησάντων καὶ ἐπανακαμπτόντων εἰς μετάνοιαν, ἴνα μὴ ὁρίσῃ αὐτοῖς καταδίκην, τὸν λόγον προθεσπίζει, διʼ ὑπερβολὴν πρᾳότητος καὶ φιλανθρωπίας
kai agnoei ho eleeinos anthrōpos oti boulomenos ho kyrios proasphalisasthai tēn sōtērian tōn pote auton blasphēmēsantōn kai epanakamptontōn eis metanoian, ina mē horisę̄ autois katadikēn, ton logon prothespizei, diʼ hyperbolēn prąotētos kai philanthrōpias
And the pitiful man does not know that the Lord, wishing to secure beforehand the salvation of those who would once blaspheme him and then return to repentance, so as not to pronounce condemnation on them, foretells this saying out of the abundance of his gentleness and love for mankind,
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ's saying safeguards the salvation of repentant blasphemers.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:319
καὶ διὰ τὸ εἰδέναι αὐτὸν μέλλοντάς τινας ἐπανίστασθαι καὶ βλασφημεῖν τὸ ἄγιον πνεῦμα καὶ ἐν τάξει δούλου αὐτὸ ὁρίζεσθαι καὶ κτιστὸν καὶ ἀλλότριον τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ οὐσίας.
kai dia to eidenai auton mellontas tinas epanistasthai kai blasphēmein to agion pneuma kai en taxei doulou auto horizesthai kai ktiston kai allotrion tēs tou theou ousias.
and because he knew that some would rise up and blaspheme the Holy Spirit, defining it as in the rank of a servant, created and alien to the essence of God.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ foresaw those who would call the Spirit a creature.
- Epiphanius has in mind those who denied the Spirit's divinity (the Pneumatomachi).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:319
διὸ ἐπασφαλιζόμενός φησιν »ὁ δὲ βλασφημῶν εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἄγιον, οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ, οὔτε ἐνταῦθα οὔτε ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι αἰῶνι«, οὐκ ἐπαινῶν τοὺς βλασφημοῦντας αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ πρόγνωσιν καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν δεικνύς, προασφαλιζομένην τὴν σωτηρίαν τῶν ἀπὸ βλασφημίας αὐτοῦ μετανοούντων.
dio epasphalizomenos phēsin »ho de blasphēmōn eis to pneuma to agion, ouk aphethēsetai autǭ, oute entautha oute en tǭ mellonti aiōni«, ouk epainōn tous blasphēmountas auton, alla tēn autou prognōsin kai tēn autou philanthrōpian deiknys, proasphalizomenēn tēn sōtērian tōn apo blasphēmias autou metanoountōn.
That is why, as a safeguard, he says, “But whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, either here or in the age to come”—not praising those who blasphemed him, but showing his foreknowledge and his love for mankind, which secures beforehand the salvation of those who repent of blaspheming him.
Matt 12:32 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The saying shows Christ's mercy, not approval of blasphemy.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.2.7Holl GCS 25/31:319
αὐτὸς γὰρ πάλιν φησίν »ὁ ἀρνησάμενός με ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀρνηθήσεται ἐνώπιον τοῦ πατρός μου«, καὶ πάλιν »ἀρνήσομαι αὐτόν«, καὶ πάλιν »ὁ ὁμολογῶν ἐν ἐμοί, ὁμολογήσω αὐτὸν ἐνώπιον τοῦ πατρός μου«.
autos gar palin phēsin »ho arnēsamenos me emprosthen tōn anthrōpōn arnēthēsetai enōpion tou patros mou«, kai palin »arnēsomai auton«, kai palin »ho homologōn en emoi, homologēsō auton enōpion tou patros mou«.
For he himself says again, “Whoever denies me before men will be denied before my Father,” and again, “I will deny him,” and again, “Whoever confesses me, I will confess him before my Father.”
Matt 10:33 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 12:9 (quotation, medium confidence) · Matt 10:32 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ warns that those who deny him will be denied.
Topics: Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.2.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 54, chapter 3
54.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:319–320
3. Καὶ πάλιν δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς Θεόδοτός φησι· »καὶ ὁ νόμος περὶ αὐτοῦ ἔφη· προφήτην ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν ἐγερεῖ ὑμῖν κύριος ὡς ἐμέ· αὐτοῦ ἀκούσατε. Μωυσῆς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἦν· ὁ οὖν ἐκ θεοῦ ἐγειρόμενος Χριστὸς οὗτος, φησίν, ἦν, ἀλλὰ ἄνθρωπος, ἐπειδὴ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἦν, ὡς καὶ ὁ Μωυ- σῆς ἄνθρωπος ἦν«.
3. Kai palin de ho autos Theodotos phēsi; »kai ho nomos peri autou ephē; prophētēn ek tōn adelphōn hymōn egerei hymin kyrios hōs eme; autou akousate. Mōysēs de anthrōpos ēn; ho oun ek theou egeiromenos Christos houtos, phēsin, ēn, alla anthrōpos, epeidē ex autōn ēn, hōs kai ho Mōy- sēs anthrōpos ēn«.
3. And again the same Theodotus says, “The law too said of him, ‘The Lord will raise up for you a prophet from among your brothers, like me; listen to him.’ But Moses was a man. So the Christ raised up by God was this one,” he says, “but a man, since he was from among them, as Moses too was a man.”
Deut 18:15 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus cited Deuteronomy 18:15 to show Christ was a man like Moses.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:319–320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:320
καὶ οὐκ οἶδεν ἐν ἑαυτῷ ὁ ἐν παραπτώματι γεγονὼς Θεόδοτος πῶς πάλιν ἑκάστη λέξις ἔχει τὴν ἑαυτῆς ἀσφάλειαν·
kai ouk oiden en heautǭ ho en paraptōmati gegonōs Theodotos pōs palin hekastē lexis echei tēn heautēs asphaleian;
And Theodotus, who has fallen into transgression, does not know in himself how, again, each phrase has its own safeguard:
Notes and citation
Summary: Each phrase of Scripture has its own safeguard.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:320
ὄτι μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἀδελφῶν αὐτὸν ἤγειρεν ὁ κύριος, διὰ τὸ ἐκ Μαρίας αὐτὸν γεγεννῆσθαι, ὡς λέγει »ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει, καὶ τέξεται υἱόν«· καὶ παρθένος μένουσα »ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει« (οὐκ ἐκ σπέρματος ἀνδρός), »καὶ τέξεται υἱόν« (δῆλον ἐν σαρκὶ τὸ γέννημα <τὸ> ἀπὸ παρθένου γεννώμενον), ἀλλά »καλέσουσι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ, ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται θεὸς μεθʼ ἡμῶν«.
oti men gar ex adelphōn auton ēgeiren ho kyrios, dia to ek Marias auton gegennēsthai, hōs legei »idou hē parthenos en gastri hexei, kai texetai huion«; kai parthenos menousa »en gastri hexei« (ouk ek spermatos andros), »kai texetai huion« (dēlon en sarki to gennēma <to> apo parthenou gennōmenon), alla »kalesousi to onoma autou Emmanouēl, ho hermēneuetai theos methʼ hēmōn«.
that the Lord raised him up from among the brothers because he was born of Mary, as it says, “Behold, the virgin shall conceive in her womb and bear a son”—and remaining a virgin “she shall conceive in her womb” (not from a man's seed) “and bear a son” (plainly the offspring born in the flesh from a virgin); but “they shall call his name Emmanuel, which is translated, God with us.”
Isa 7:14 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 1:23 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah's prophecy shows the virgin-born Son is 'God with us'.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:320
ἔστιν γὰρ θεὸς καὶ ἄνθρωπος· θεὸς μὲν ἀπὸ πατρὸς γεγεννημένος ἀνάρχως καὶ ἀχρόνως, ἄνθρωπος δὲ ἀπὸ Μαρίας διὰ τὴν ἔνσαρκον παρουσίαν.
estin gar theos kai anthrōpos; theos men apo patros gegennēmenos anarchōs kai achronōs, anthrōpos de apo Marias dia tēn ensarkon parousian.
For he is God and man: God begotten of the Father without beginning and timelessly, and man from Mary because of his coming in the flesh.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ is God from the Father and man from Mary.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:320
Εἶτά φησι· »καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἔφη τῇ Μαρίᾳ· πνεῦμα κυρίου ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ σέ, καὶ οὐκ εἶπε· πνεῦμα κυρίου γενήσεται ἐν σοί«.
Eita phēsi; »kai auto to euangelion ephē tę̄ Marią; pneuma kyriou epeleusetai epi se, kai ouk eipe; pneuma kyriou genēsetai en soi«.
Then he says, “The gospel itself said to Mary, ‘The Spirit of the Lord will come upon you,’ and it did not say, ‘The Spirit of the Lord will come to be in you.’”
Luke 1:35 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus argues from the wording of the Annunciation.
- Luke 1:35 has “the Holy Spirit”; Theodotus's quotation has “the Spirit of the Lord”.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.6Holl GCS 25/31:320
διὸ ἐκ πανταχόθεν φιλονεικῶν ὁ ἀνόητος ἄνθρωπος ἐκπίπτει τῆς ἀληθείας. ἀσφαλιζομένη γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ πανταχόθεν τὴν ἡμετέραν ζωήν, ἵνα τὴν τριάδα δείξῃ πάντῃ τε καὶ ἐν παντὶ εἴδει συνοῦσαν ἑαυτῇ καὶ συνεργοῦσαν, ἵνα μή τινες εἴπωσιν ὡς καὶ πολλοὶ προφασίζονται ἑαυτοῖς κακά, ἀλλοτριοῦντες τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ <τοῦ> πατρός, τούτου ἕνεκεν ὁ ἄγγελος λέγει τῇ
dio ek pantachothen philoneikōn ho anoētos anthrōpos ekpiptei tēs alētheias. asphalizomenē gar hē graphē pantachothen tēn hēmeteran zōēn, hina tēn triada deixę̄ pantę̄ te kai en panti eidei synousan heautę̄ kai synergousan, hina mē tines eipōsin hōs kai polloi prophasizontai heautois kaka, allotriountes to hagion pneuma tou Christou kai <tou> patros, toutou heneken ho angelos legei tę̄
That is why the senseless man, contending on every side, falls away from the truth. For Scripture, safeguarding our life on every side—in order to show the Trinity in every way and in every form united with itself and working together, and so that no one might say, as many make pretexts for evil for themselves, estranging the Holy Spirit from Christ and the Father—for this reason the angel says to
Notes and citation
Summary: The Annunciation's wording safeguards the unity of the Trinity.
Topics: Trinity
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.7Holl GCS 25/31:320
Μαριάμ »πνεῦμα κυρίου ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ σὲ καὶ ἐπισκιάσει σοι δύναμις ὑψίστου«, εἶτα μετέπειτα »διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον ἅγιον κληθήσεται υἱὸς θεοῦ«.
Mariam »pneuma kyriou epeleusetai epi se kai episkiasei soi dynamis hypsistou«, eita metepeita »dio kai to gennōmenon hagion klēthēsetai huios theou«.
Mary, “The Spirit of the Lord will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you,” and then afterwards, “Therefore also the holy one who is born will be called Son of God.”
Luke 1:35 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The angel's words to Mary.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.8Holl GCS 25/31:320–321
καὶ οὐκ εἶπε μόνον »τὸ γεννώμενον«, ἀλλά »διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον«, ἵνα δείξῃ <τὸν> ἄνωθεν θεὸν Λόγον καὶ ἐν μήτρᾳ γενόμενον καὶ εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἀναπλασάμενον τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐνανθρώπησιν [καὶ] κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ εὐδοκίαν· καὶ διʼ ἣν ᾠκονόμησεν ἑαυτοῦ ἐνανθρώ- πηαιν εἰς ἡμῶν σωτηρίαν προστίθησι »διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον ἄγιον κληθήσεται υἱος θεοῦ«.
kai ouk eipe monon »to gennōmenon«, alla »dio kai to gennōmenon«, hina deixę̄ <ton> anōthen theon Logon kai en mētrą genomenon kai eis heauton anaplasamenon tēn heautou enanthrōpēsin [kai] kata tēn heautou eudokian; kai diʼ hēn ǭkonomēsen heautou enanthrō- pēain eis hēmōn sōtērian prostithēsi »dio kai to gennōmenon agion klēthēsetai huios theou«.
And he did not say only “the one who is born,” but “therefore also the one who is born,” to show that God the Word from above came to be in the womb and fashioned for himself his own humanity according to his own good pleasure; and because of the incarnation he arranged for our salvation, he adds, “therefore also the holy one who is born will be called Son of God.”
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Luke 1:35 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: 'Therefore also' shows the Word himself took flesh.
- The editor deletes “and” (καὶ).
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:320–321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.9Holl GCS 25/31:321
εἰ γὰρ εἶπε »πνεῦμα ἄγιον εἰσελεύσεται εἰς σέ«, οὐκέτι υἱὸν θεοῦ ἦν ἡγεῖσθαι ἐν σαρκὶ παραγεγονότα, ἀλλὰ πνεῦμα ἄγιον ἐν σαρκὶ παραγεγονέναι.
ei gar eipe »pneuma agion eiseleusetai eis se«, ouketi huion theou ēn hēgeisthai en sarki paragegonota, alla pneuma agion en sarki paragegonenai.
For if he had said, “The Holy Spirit will come into you,” one could no longer think that the Son of God had come in the flesh, but that the Holy Spirit had come in the flesh.
Notes and citation
Summary: The wording prevents confusing the Spirit with the incarnate Son.
Topics: Christology, Trinity
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.10Holl GCS 25/31:321
ὄτι δὲ ἄνωθέν ἐστιν ἐλθὼν ὁ Λόγος, ὁ Ἰωάννης σαφηνίσας τὴν τοῦ ἀγγέλου εὐαγγελικὴν φωνὴν λέγει »ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν Λόγος, καὶ ὀ Λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ Λόγος. πάντα διʼ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἔν«.
oti de anōthen estin elthōn ho Logos, ho Iōannēs saphēnisas tēn tou angelou euangelikēn phōnēn legei »en archę̄ ēn Logos, kai o Logos ēn pros ton theon kai theos ēn ho Logos. panta diʼ autou egeneto, kai chōris autou egeneto oude en«.
And that the Word came from above, John, making plain the angel's gospel message, says, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. All things came into being through him, and without him nothing came into being.”
John 1:1 (quotation, high confidence) · John 1:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: John confirms the Word came from above.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.11Holl GCS 25/31:321
εἶτα μετὰ ταῦτα »καὶ ὁ Λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο«· καὶ οὐκ εἶπε »τὸ πνεῦμα σὰρξ ἐγένετο«, οὐδὲ εἶπε »Χριστὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐγεννήθη«.
eita meta tauta »kai ho Logos sarx egeneto«; kai ouk eipe »to pneuma sarx egeneto«, oude eipe »Christos anthrōpos egennēthē«.
Then after this: “And the Word became flesh”; and he did not say, “The Spirit became flesh,” nor did he say, “Christ was born a man.”
John 1:14 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: John says the Word, not the Spirit, became flesh.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.3.12Holl GCS 25/31:321
πάντῃ γὰρ ἀσφαλιζομένη ἡ θεία γραφὴ θεὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπον αὐτὸν ἐπίσταται· θεὸν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνωθεν ἤκοντα, ἄνθρωπον δὲ ἀπὸ Μαρίας ἄνευ σπέρματος ἀνδρὸς γεγεννημένον. τῶν δύο τούτων ἀληθινῶν ὁ ἐκτὸς βαίνων οὐχ ὑπάρχει τῆς ἀληθείας.
pantę̄ gar asphalizomenē hē theia graphē theon kai anthrōpon auton epistatai; theon apo theou anōthen ēkonta, anthrōpon de apo Marias aneu spermatos andros gegennēmenon. tōn dyo toutōn alēthinōn ho ektos bainōn ouch hyparchei tēs alētheias.
For divine Scripture, safeguarding everything, knows him as God and man: God come from God above, and man born of Mary without a man's seed. Whoever steps outside these two truths is not of the truth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scripture teaches Christ as both God and man.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.3.12 (Holl GCS 25/31:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-3-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 54, chapter 4
54.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:321
4 Προφασίεται πάλιν ὁ τάλας Θεόδοτος λέγων »ὄτι καί ὁ Ἱερεμίας περὶ αὐτοῦ ἔφη ὄτι ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν, καὶ τίς γνώσεται αὐτόν;« καὶ οὐκ οἶδεν <ὁ> ἑαυτὸν τῆς ἀληθείας ἀποξενώσας ὄτι, ὡς ἔφην,
4 Prophasietai palin ho talas Theodotos legōn »oti kai ho Hieremias peri autou ephē oti anthrōpos estin, kai tis gnōsetai auton?« kai ouk oiden <ho> heauton tēs alētheias apoxenōsas oti, hōs ephēn,
4. Again the wretched Theodotus makes excuses, saying, “Jeremiah too said of him, ‘He is a man, and who will know him?’” And he who has made himself a stranger to the truth does not know that, as I said,
Jer 17:9 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus cites Jeremiah 17:9 (LXX).
- Jer 17:9 in its Septuagint form, which differs from the Hebrew.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:321
ἑκάστη λέξις ἔχει τὴν ἑαυτῆς δύναμιν τῆς ἑρμηνείας. ὁ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ὤν πάντως ὑπὸ πολλῶν γινώσκεται τῶν αὐτὸν γινωσκόντων· φημὶ δὲ πατρὸς καὶ μητρός, ἀδελφῶν τε καὶ συγγενῶν, συσκήνων τε καὶ γειτόνων, πολιτῶν τε καὶ οἰκετῶν.
hekastē lexis echei tēn heautēs dynamin tēs hermēneias. ho gar anthrōpos ōn pantōs hypo pollōn ginōsketai tōn auton ginōskontōn; phēmi de patros kai mētros, adelphōn te kai syngenōn, syskēnōn te kai geitonōn, politōn te kai oiketōn.
each phrase has its own force of interpretation. For one who is a man is certainly known by many who know him—I mean father and mother, brothers and relatives, housemates and neighbors, fellow citizens and servants.
Notes and citation
Summary: An ordinary man is known by many.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:321
ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἡ γραφὴ τὸ θαυμαστὸν διηγουμένη τῆς ὅλης αὐτοῦ πραγματείας ἄνθρωπον μὲν ἔφη διὰ τὴν ἔνσαρκον παρουσίαν, τῷ δέ »τίς γνώσεται αὐτόν« ἐσήμανε περὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ θεότητος τῆς ἀκαταλήπτου.
entautha de hē graphē to thaumaston diēgoumenē tēs holēs autou pragmateias anthrōpon men ephē dia tēn ensarkon parousian, tǭ de »tis gnōsetai auton« esēmane peri tēs autou theotētos tēs akatalēptou.
But here Scripture, narrating the marvel of his whole dispensation, called him a man because of his coming in the flesh, while by “who will know him?” it pointed to his incomprehensible Godhead.
Jer 17:9 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: 'Who will know him?' points to Christ's incomprehensible Godhead.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:321
ἐπειδὴ γάρ »οὐδεὶς οἶδε τὸν υἱὸν εἰ μὴ ὁ πατὴρ καὶ τὸν πατέρα οὐδεὶς οἶδεν εἰ μὴ ὁ υἰὸς καὶ ᾦ ἐὰν ἀποκαλυψῃ«, οὐδεὶς οὖν γνώσεται αὐτόν, ἐὰν μὴ <αὐτὸς> αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύψῃ.
epeidē gar »oudeis oide ton huion ei mē ho patēr kai ton patera oudeis oiden ei mē ho uios kai ǭ ean apokalypsę̄«, oudeis oun gnōsetai auton, ean mē <autos> autǭ apokalypsę̄.
For since “no one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom he reveals him,” no one will know him unless he himself reveals it to him.
Matt 11:27 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Only the Son reveals the Father and himself.
Topics: Christology, Trinity
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.4.5Holl GCS 25/31:321–322
ἀποκαλύπτει δὲ διὰ ἁγίου πνεύματος τοῖς αὐτοῦ δούλοις τὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν τοῦ αὐτοῦ πατρὸς θεότητα καὶ δόξαν καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ ζωὴν αἰώνιον τὴν μέλλουσαν καὶ τὰ αὐτοῦ μυστήρια καὶ διδασκαλίαν καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ διʼ ἡμᾶς ἔνσαρκον ἀληθῆ παρουσίαν, ὄτι θεὸς ἄνωθεν καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἀπὸ Μαρίας.
apokalyptei de dia hagiou pneumatos tois autou doulois tēn autou kai tēn tou autou patros theotēta kai doxan kai tēn autou zōēn aiōnion tēn mellousan kai ta autou mystēria kai didaskalian kai tēn autou diʼ hēmas ensarkon alēthē parousian, oti theos anōthen kai anthrōpos apo Marias.
And he reveals through the Holy Spirit to his servants his own Godhead and glory and that of his Father, and his eternal life to come, and his mysteries and teaching, and his true coming in the flesh for our sake: that he is God from above and man from Mary.
Notes and citation
Summary: Through the Spirit Christ reveals his divinity and incarnation.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Stray letter.): αὐτοῦβ ζωὴν → αὐτοῦ ζωὴν; αὐτοῦβ μυστήρια → αὐτοῦ μυστήρια.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.4.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:321–322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 54, chapter 5
54.5.1Holl GCS 25/31:322
5. Eἶτα ὁ αὐτός φησι πάλιν Θεόδοτος ὅτι »καὶ Ἠσαΐας περί αὐτοῦ ἔφη ὄτι ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν, οὔτως εἰπών· ὄτι ἄνθρωπος εἰδὼς φέρειν μαλακίαν· καὶ εἴδομεν αὐτὸν ἐν πληγῇ καὶ ἐν κακώσει καὶ ἠτιμάσθη καὶ οὐκ ἐλογίσθη«. ἀλλὰ οὐκ οἶδε πῶς πάλιν ἐλέγχεται ὁ κτηνήδης.
5. Eita ho autos phēsi palin Theodotos hoti »kai Ēsaïas peri autou ephē oti anthrōpos estin, outōs eipōn; oti anthrōpos eidōs pherein malakian; kai eidomen auton en plēgę̄ kai en kakōsei kai ētimasthē kai ouk elogisthē«. alla ouk oide pōs palin elenchetai ho ktēnēdēs.
5. Then the same Theodotus says again, “Isaiah too said of him that he is a man, speaking thus: ‘A man who knows how to bear sickness; and we saw him in affliction and in suffering, and he was dishonored and not esteemed.’” But the brutish man does not know how he is refuted again.
Isa 53:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:4 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus cites Isaiah 53 for Christ's humanity.
- Isa 53:3–4 in its Septuagint form, quoted freely.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.2Holl GCS 25/31:322
ἐν αὐταῖς γὰρ ταῖς λέξεσιν Ἠσαΐας οὔτως εἶπεν »ὡς πρόβατον ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἤχθη, καὶ ὡς ἀμνὸς ἐναντίον τοῦ κείραντος αὐτὸν ἄφωνος· οὔτως οὐκ ἀνοίγει τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ· ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ ἡ κρίσις αὐτοῦ ἤρθη«.
en autais gar tais lexesin Ēsaïas outōs eipen »hōs probaton epi sphagēn ēchthē, kai hōs amnos enantion tou keirantos auton aphōnos; outōs ouk anoigei to stoma autou; en tę̄ tapeinōsei autou hē krisis autou ērthē«.
For in the very same passage Isaiah spoke thus: “He was led like a sheep to the slaughter, and like a lamb before its shearer is silent, so he does not open his mouth. In his humiliation his judgment was taken away.”
Isa 53:7 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:8 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah continues with the silent lamb.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.3Holl GCS 25/31:322
εἶτά φησιν »τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται, ὄτι αἴρεται ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπων ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ«, καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν »αἴρεται ἡ ζωὴ <ἀπ᾿> αὐτοῦ«, ἀλλά »ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπων«.
eita phēsin »tēn genean autou tis diēgēsetai, oti airetai apo anthrōpōn hē zōē autou«, kai ouk eipen »airetai hē zōē <ap᾿> autou«, alla »apo anthrōpōn«.
Then he says, “Who will describe his generation? For his life is taken away from men”; and he did not say, “Life is taken away from him,” but “from men.”
Isa 53:8 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ's life was taken from men, not from himself.
- Epiphanius's text of Isa 53:8 reads “from men”; the Septuagint has “from the earth” (as in 54.5.8).
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.4Holl GCS 25/31:322
ἀεὶ γὰρ ὁ Λόγος ζῶν ἐστιν ὑπάρχων τε καὶ τὸ ζῇν ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἔχων καὶ ζωὴν τοῖς αὐτὸν ἠγαπηκόσι διδούς· ἐξ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ ἤρθη, * ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ ζωὴ ὤν. »ζῶν γὰρ ὁ Λόγος« καὶ πᾶσι ζωὴν παρέχων τοῖς ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἐλπίσασιν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ. καὶ τό »τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται;«
aei gar ho Logos zōn estin hyparchōn te kai to zę̄n aphʼ heautou echōn kai zōēn tois auton ēgapēkosi didous; ex anthrōpōn men hē zōē autou ērthē, * aphʼ heautou zōē ōn. »zōn gar ho Logos« kai pasi zōēn parechōn tois epʼ auton elpisasin en alētheią. kai to »tēn genean autou tis diēgēsetai?«
For the Word is ever living, existing and having life from himself, and giving life to those who have loved him. His life was taken away from men …, since he is life from himself. “For the Word is living,” and gives life to all who hope in him in truth. And “Who will describe his generation?”
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Heb 4:12 (quotation, medium confidence) · Isa 53:8 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Word is life in himself.
- Holl marks a gap (*) in the text. “The Word is living” recalls Heb 4:12.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.5Holl GCS 25/31:322
*. εἰ ἦνθρωπος ψιλὸς ἀπὸ Μαρίας γεγεννημένος, εὐδιήγητος ἄρα ἦν ἡ αὐτοῦ γέννησις. ἐπειδὴ δλε ἐστι πρὸ τοῦ Δαυὶδ <καὶ> πρὸ τοῦ Ἀβραάμ, —
*. ei ēnthrōpos psilos apo Marias gegennēmenos, eudiēgētos ara ēn hē autou gennēsis. epeidē dle esti pro tou Dauid <kai> pro tou Abraam, —
… If he were a mere man born of Mary, then his generation would be easy to describe. But since he is before David and before Abraham—
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ's generation is indescribable because he existed before Abraham.
- Holl marks a gap (*) at the start of the section.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.6Holl GCS 25/31:322
»Άβραὰμ γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν, φησίν, ἐπεθύμησεν ἰδεῖν τὴν ἡμέραν μου, καὶ εἶδε καὶ ἐχάρη«· εἶτα αὐτῶν θαυμαζόντων καὶ λεγόντων »πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις, καὶ τὸν Ἀβραᾶμ ἑώρακας;«, ἐλέγχων Θεόδοτον καὶ τοὺς ἀπίστους καὶ ἐπαρνησιθέους Ἰουδαίους ἔφη »ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὄτι πρὸ Ἀβραὰμ ἐγώ εἰμι«.
»Abraam gar ho patēr hymōn, phēsin, epethymēsen idein tēn hēmeran mou, kai eide kai echarē«; eita autōn thaumazontōn kai legontōn »pentēkonta etē oupō echeis, kai ton Abraam heōrakas?«, elenchōn Theodoton kai tous apistous kai eparnēsitheous Ioudaious ephē »amēn amēn legō hymin, oti pro Abraam egō eimi«.
“For Abraham your father,” he says, “longed to see my day, and he saw it and rejoiced”; then, when they marveled and said, “You are not yet fifty years old, and have you seen Abraham?”, he said, refuting Theodotus and the unbelieving Jews who denied God, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.”
John 8:56 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:57 (quotation, high confidence) · John 8:58 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ declared that he existed before Abraham.
- Epiphanius's polemic, translated as written.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Repeated syllable.): Θεόδοδοτον → Θεόδοτον.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.7Holl GCS 25/31:322
ἦν γὰρ πρὸ Ἀβραὰμ ἀληθῶς καὶ πρὸ Νῶς καὶ πρὸ Ἀδᾶμ καὶ πρὸ τοῦ κόσμου καὶ πρὸ οὐρανοῦ καὶ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνου τοῦ κόσμου καὶ πρὸ πάντων τῶν κτισμάτων, ἄχρονος ὤν, —
ēn gar pro Abraam alēthōs kai pro Nōs kai pro Adam kai pro tou kosmou kai pro ouranou kai pro tou chronou tou kosmou kai pro pantōn tōn ktismatōn, achronos ōn, —
For he truly was before Abraham, and before Noah, and before Adam, and before the world, and before heaven, and before the time of the world, and before all created things, being timeless—
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ is before all creation and time.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.8Holl GCS 25/31:322
διὸ καὶ ἄφραστος καταγγέλλεται ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος διὰ Ἠσαΐου ὄτι »τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται; ὄτι αἴρεται ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ«.
dio kai aphrastos katangelletai hypo tou hagiou pneumatos dia Ēsaïou oti »tēn genean autou tis diēgēsetai? oti airetai ek tēs gēs hē zōē autou«.
that is why he is proclaimed indescribable by the Holy Spirit through Isaiah: “Who will describe his generation? For his life is taken away from the earth.”
Isa 53:8 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah calls his generation indescribable.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Repeated words.): ἡ ζωὴ ἡ ζωὴ → ἡ ζωὴ.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.9Holl GCS 25/31:322
Ἀλλά φησιν, »εἶπαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἄνδρα ἀποδεδειγμένον εἰς ὑμᾶς σημείοις καὶ τέρασι, καὶ οὐκ εἶπαν· θεὸν ἀποδεδειγμένον«.
Alla phēsin, »eipan hoi apostoloi andra apodedeigmenon eis hymas sēmeiois kai terasi, kai ouk eipan; theon apodedeigmenon«.
“But,” he says, “the apostles said, ‘a man attested to you by signs and wonders,’ and did not say, ‘God attested.’”
Acts 2:22 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus cites Acts 2:22.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.5.10Holl GCS 25/31:322–323
ἐλέγχῃ δὲ πάλιν, Θεόδοτε, ὅτι πάλιν οἱ αὐτοὶ ἀπόστολοι ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς Πρά- ξεσιν ἔφησαν, ὡς ὁ μακάριος Στέφανός φησιν »ἰδοὺ ὁρῶ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳμένον καὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἑστῶτα ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ θεοῦ«.
elenchę̄ de palin, Theodote, hoti palin hoi autoi apostoloi en tais autais Pra- xesin ephēsan, hōs ho makarios Stephanos phēsin »idou horō ton ouranon aneǭmenon kai ton huion tou anthrōpou hestōta ek dexiōn tou theou«.
But you are refuted again, Theodotus, because the same apostles again said in the same Acts, as blessed Stephen says, “Behold, I see heaven opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.”
Acts 7:56 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Stephen's vision shows the Son of Man exalted in heaven.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.5.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:322–323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-5-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 54, chapter 6
54.6.1Holl GCS 25/31:323
6. Πάλιν δὲ προφασίζεται λέγων ὄτι »ἐφη περὶ αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀπόστολος ὄτι μεσίτης θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων, ἄνθρωπος Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς«,
6. Palin de prophasizetai legōn oti »ephē peri autou ho apostolos oti mesitēs theou kai anthrōpōn, anthrōpos Christos Iēsous«,
6. Again he makes excuses, saying, “The apostle said of him, ‘One mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,’”
1 Tim 2:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Theodotus cites 1 Timothy 2:5.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.6.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.6.2Holl GCS 25/31:323
καὶ οὐκ οἶδε πῶς πάλιν καθʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἐπεγείρει. ὁ γὰρ εἰπών »μεσίτης θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων, <ἀνθρωπος> Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς« αὐτὸς ἐσαφήνισε λέγων »προορισθέντος υἱοῦ θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν, τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ«, καὶ πάλιν »γενόμενος ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενος ὑπὸ νόμον«.
kai ouk oide pōs palin kathʼ heautou epegeirei. ho gar eipōn »mesitēs theou kai anthrōpōn, <anthrōpos> Christos Iēsous« autos esaphēnise legōn »prooristhentos huiou theou en dynamei kata pneuma hagiōsynēs ex anastaseōs nekrōn, tou kyriou hēmōn Iēsou Christou«, kai palin »genomenos ek gynaikos, genomenos hypo nomon«.
and he does not know how, again, he raises it up against himself. For the one who said, “mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,” himself made it plain, saying, “designated Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection of the dead, our Lord Jesus Christ,” and again, “born of a woman, born under the law.”
1 Tim 2:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Rom 1:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Gal 4:4 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul also calls Christ Son of God in power.
- Rom 1:4 is quoted with προορισθέντος (“predestined”) for ὁρισθέντος (“designated”).
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.6.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.6.3Holl GCS 25/31:323
τούτων δὲ ποιούμενος τῶν λέξεων τὴν ἀσφάλειάν φησιν »εἴπερ εἰσὶ λεγόμενοι θεοὶ πολλοὶ καὶ κύριοι πολλοί, ἡμῖν δὲ εἶς θεός, ἐξ οὖ τὰ πάντα, καὶ εἶς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός,
toutōn de poioumenos tōn lexeōn tēn asphaleian phēsin »eiper eisi legomenoi theoi polloi kai kyrioi polloi, hēmin de eis theos, ex ou ta panta, kai eis kyrios Iēsous Christos,
And making these words secure, he says, “For even if there are so-called gods, many gods and many lords, yet for us there is one God, from whom are all things, and one Lord, Jesus Christ,
1 Cor 8:5 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 8:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul confesses one God and one Lord Jesus Christ.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.6.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.6.4Holl GCS 25/31:323
διʼ οὖ τὰ πάντα <καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς αὐτόν>«. εἰ δέ »διʼ οὖ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς αὐτόν«, οὐκ ἄρα ψιλὸς ἄνθρωπος εἴη ὁ μονογενής, ἀπὸ Μαρίας <ὤν> κσὶ δεῦρο, οὐδὲ ἀπὸ σπέρματος ἀνδρός. ἐπεὶ πῶς τὰ πάντα διʼ αὐτοῦ ἠδύνατο εἶναι, τὰ πρὸ αὐτοῦ γενόμενα κατὰ τὸν σοῦ λόγον, εἰ ψιλὸς ἦν ἄνθρωπος; ἤ πῶς εἴη εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ πάντα τὰ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐπιγνωσθέντα καὶ γενόμενα; καὶ ἐκ πανταχόθεν ἐξέπεσεν ἡ τούτου ληρῳδία.
diʼ ou ta panta <kai hēmeis eis auton>«. ei de »diʼ ou ta panta kai hēmeis eis auton«, ouk ara psilos anthrōpos eiē ho monogenēs, apo Marias <ōn> ksi deuro, oude apo spermatos andros. epei pōs ta panta diʼ autou ēdynato einai, ta pro autou genomena kata ton sou logon, ei psilos ēn anthrōpos? ē pōs eiē eis auton ta panta ta pro autou epignōsthenta kai genomena? kai ek pantachothen exepesen hē toutou lērǭdia.
through whom are all things, and we through him.” But if “through whom are all things, and we through him,” then the only-begotten is not a mere man, existing only from Mary onward, nor from a man's seed. For how could all things be through him—things that, by your account, came into being before him—if he was a mere man? Or how could all things that were known and came into being before him be through him? And from every side his nonsense has collapsed.
1 Cor 8:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Creation through Christ disproves that he is a mere man.
- Epiphanius's text has “and we into him” (εἰς αὐτόν); 1 Cor 8:6 has “through him”. His argument reads it as “through him”.
Topics: Christology, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.6.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
54.6.5Holl GCS 25/31:323–324
Ἑν αὐτῷ δὲ τῷ διαλόγω ἄμα τήν τε περὶ αὐτοῦ γνῶσιν εἰπόντες καὶ τὴν ἀνατροπὴν καθʼ ἑκάστην λέξιν, ὑπερβησόμεθα κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἀκολουθιίας, ὤστερ τι μέρος ἑρπετοῦ ἔτι σκαρίζοντος τῇ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐλπίδι καὶ πίστει πεπαικότες καὶ ἀνελόντες, τάς <τε> ἑξῆς διασκοπήσωμεν καὶ περιβλέπεσθαι τὰς θηριωδεστάτας αἱρέσεις σπεύσωμεν.
Hen autǭ de tǭ dialogō ama tēn te peri autou gnōsin eipontes kai tēn anatropēn kathʼ hekastēn lexin, hyperbēsometha kata to ethos tēs akolouthiias, ōster ti meros herpetou eti skarizontos tę̄ tēs alētheias elpidi kai pistei pepaikotes kai anelontes, tas <te> hexēs diaskopēsōmen kai periblepesthai tas thēriōdestatas haireseis speusōmen.
Having, in this same discussion, stated both what is known about him and the refutation, phrase by phrase, we shall pass on according to our usual order. As though we had struck and destroyed with the hope and faith of the truth some part of a reptile still wriggling, let us examine the next ones and hasten to look around at the most savage heresies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius concludes his account of Theodotus.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 54.6.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:323–324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-54-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 55, chapter 1
55.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:324
Μελχισεδεκιανοὺς πάλιν ἕτεροι ἑαυτοὺς καλοῦσιν, ἀποσπασθέντες τάχα ἀπὸ τῶν Θεοδοτιανῶν καλουμένων.
Melchisedekianous palin heteroi heautous kalousin, apospasthentes tacha apo tōn Theodotianōn kaloumenōn.
Others again call themselves Melchizedekians; they have perhaps broken away from those called Theodotians.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Melchizedekians are introduced as a probable offshoot of the Theodotians.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:324
οὖτοι τὸν Μελχισεδὲκ τὸν ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς λεγόμενον δοξάζουσι, μεγάλην τινὰ δύναμιν ἡγούμενοι. εἶναι δὲ αὐτὸν ἄνων ἐν ἀκατονομάστοις τόποις καὶ <ἀληθ>ῶς εἶναι τοῦτον οὐ μόνον δύναμίν τινα, ἀλλὰ καὶ μειζότερον τοῦ Χριστοῦ τῇ
outoi ton Melchisedek ton en tais graphais legomenon doxazousi, megalēn tina dynamin hēgoumenoi. einai de auton anōn en akatonomastois topois kai <alēth>ōs einai touton ou monon dynamin tina, alla kai meizoteron tou Christou tę̄
These glorify the Melchizedek spoken of in the Scriptures, regarding him as some great power. They say that he is on high in places that cannot be named, and that he is truly not only some power, but in their error they even say he is greater than Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Melchizedekians hold that Melchizedek is a heavenly power greater than Christ.
- ἄνων is read as ἄνω (“on high”).
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:324
ἑαυτῶν πλάνῃ φάσκουσι. ΧΡιστὸν δὲ ἡγοῦνται ἁπλῶς ἐληλυθότα καὶ καταξιωθέντα τῆς ἐκείνου τάξεως, δῆθεν ἐκ τοῦ ῥητοῦ τοῦ εἰρημένου »σὺ εἶ ἑρεὺς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδέκ«· ὡς εἶναι αὐτόν, φησίν, ὑποδεέστερον τοῦ Μελχισεδέκ. εἰ μὴ γὰρ ἦν ἐν δευτέρᾳ τινὶ εἰσαγωγῇ κείμενος, οὐκαν τῆς ἐκείνου τάξεως ἐπεδέετο.
heautōn planę̄ phaskousi. ChRiston de hēgountai haplōs elēlythota kai kataxiōthenta tēs ekeinou taxeōs, dēthen ek tou rhētou tou eirēmenou »sy ei hereus eis ton aiōna kata tēn taxin Melchisedek«; hōs einai auton, phēsin, hypodeesteron tou Melchisedek. ei mē gar ēn en deuterą tini eisagōgę̄ keimenos, oukan tēs ekeinou taxeōs epedeeto.
They think that Christ merely came and was counted worthy of Melchizedek’s order, supposedly on the basis of the text that says, “You are a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek,” so that, as they say, he is inferior to Melchizedek. For if he were not placed in some secondary position, he would not have needed Melchizedek’s order.
Ps 110:4 (109:4 LXX) (quotation, high confidence) · Heb 5:6 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They argue from Ps 110:4 that Christ is inferior to Melchizedek.
- The digital text repeats the last clause; the repetition is removed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (repeated line in the digital text): περὶ είσαγωγῇ κείμενος, οὐκ ἂν τῆς ἐκείνου τάξεως ἐπεδέετο. → .
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:324
Περὶ αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ Μελχισεδέκ φασιν ὅτι »ἀμήτωρ, ἀπάτωρ, ἀγενεαλόγητος« <ἐγένετο>, ἐκ τῆς πρὸ Ἑβραίους τοῦ ἁγίου Παύλου ἐπιστολῆς παριστᾶν βουλόμενοι.
Peri autou de tou Melchisedek phasin hoti »amētōr, apatōr, agenealogētos« <egeneto>, ek tēs pro Hebraious tou hagiou Paulou epistolēs paristan boulomenoi.
About Melchizedek himself they say that he was “without mother, without father, without genealogy,” wishing to prove it from the epistle of Saint Paul to the Hebrews.
Heb 7:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They cite Hebrews for Melchizedek being without father or mother.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:324–325
πλάττουσι δὲ ἑαυτοῖς καὶ βίβλους ἐπιπλάστους, ἱαυτοὺς ἀπατῶντες.
plattousi de heautois kai biblous epiplastous, hiautous apatōntes.
They also fabricate forged books for themselves, deceiving themselves.
Notes and citation
Summary: The sect uses forged books.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:324–325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:325
Ἐξ αὐτῶν δὲ τῶν ῥητῶν ἡ αὐτῶν ἀνατροπὴ γίνεται. ὡς γὰρ λέγει περὶ τοῦ κυρίου ὁ Δαυὶδ προφητεύων, κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδὲκ ἱερέα αὐτὸν καθίστασθαικ, ἐν ταὐτῷ ἔσεσθαι τὸν Χριστὸν ἱερέα διηγεῖται ἡ θεία γραφή.
Ex autōn de tōn rhētōn hē autōn anatropē ginetai. hōs gar legei peri tou kyriou ho Dauid prophēteuōn, kata tēn taxin Melchisedek hierea auton kathistasthaik, en tautǭ esesthai ton Christon hierea diēgeitai hē theia graphē.
But their refutation comes from the very texts they use. For as David, prophesying about the Lord, says that he is appointed priest after the order of Melchizedek, the divine Scripture declares that Christ will be priest in the same order.
Ps 110:4 (109:4 LXX) (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ps 110 itself makes Christ the priest, which refutes them.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:325
εὑρίσκεται δὲ εὑθὺς λέγων * »ἀφομοιούμενος τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ μένει ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸ διηνεκές«. εἰ δὲ ἀφομοιοῦται τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ, οὐκ ἴσος τυγχάνει τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ.
heurisketai de heuthys legōn * »aphomoioumenos tǭ huiǭ tou theou menei hiereus eis to diēnekes«. ei de aphomoioutai tǭ huiǭ tou theou, ouk isos tynchanei tǭ huiǭ tou theou.
And Scripture is found saying at once, “made like the Son of God, he remains a priest continually.” But if he is made like the Son of God, he is not equal to the Son of God.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Heb 7:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek is only made like the Son, so not equal to him.
- The edition marks a gap (*).
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.8Holl GCS 25/31:325
πῶς γὰρ δύναται τὸ δοῦλον εἶναι ἴσον τῷ δεσπότῃ; ὁ μὲν γὰρ Μελχισεδὲκ ἄνθρωπος ἦν, τὸ δέ »᾿απάτωρ, ἀμήτωρ« οὐ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν αὐτὸν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα λέγεται, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐν τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ
pōs gar dynatai to doulon einai ison tǭ despotę̄? ho men gar Melchisedek anthrōpos ēn, to de »᾿apatōr, amētōr« ou dia to mē echein auton patera ē mētera legetai, alla dia to mē en tę̄ theią graphę̄
For how can the servant be equal to the master? Melchizedek was a man, and “without father, without mother” is said not because he had no father or mother, but because in the divine Scripture
Heb 7:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek was a man; “without father” means his parents are not recorded.
- The sentence continues in 55.1.9.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.9Holl GCS 25/31:325
κατὰ τὸ φανερώτατον ἐπωνομάσθαι. πολλοὺς γὰρ ἐφαντασίασε τὰ βαθύτατα τῆς θείας γραφῆς καὶ ἔνδοξα καὶ ὑπεραίροντα διάνοιαν ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως. οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῇ Πέτρᾳ τῆς Ἀραβίας, τῇ Ῥοκόμ τε καὶ Ἐδὼμ καλουμένῃ, τὸν Μωυσέα διὰ τὰ θεοσήμεια θαυμάζοντες προσκυνεῖν τὴν αὐτοῦ ποτε εἰκόνα ἀνατυπωσάμενοι † προσεκύνουν πεπλανημένοι, οὐ τοῦ δικαίου αἰτίου αὐτοῖς γενομένου, ἀλλὰ τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν διὰ τοῦ δικαίου ἐν τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ φαντασίαν πράγματος αὐτοῖς συναγούσης.
kata to phanerōtaton epōnomasthai. pollous gar ephantasiase ta bathytata tēs theias graphēs kai endoxa kai hyperaironta dianoian anthrōpinēs physeōs. hoi men gar en tę̄ Petrą tēs Arabias, tę̄ Rhokom te kai Edōm kaloumenę̄, ton Mōysea dia ta theosēmeia thaumazontes proskynein tēn autou pote eikona anatypōsamenoi † prosekynoun peplanēmenoi, ou tou dikaiou aitiou autois genomenou, alla tēs planēs autōn dia tou dikaiou en tę̄ agnoią phantasian pragmatos autois synagousēs.
they are not named explicitly. For the deepest things of the divine Scripture, glorious and surpassing the understanding of human nature, have led many into fantasies. Some in Petra of Arabia, which is called Rokom and Edom, marveling at Moses for his divine signs, once made an image of him to worship and worshiped it in their error. The righteous man was not the cause; rather their error, through the righteous man, gathered for them in their ignorance an illusion about the matter.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scripture’s depths mislead some, as when people at Petra worshiped an image of Moses.
- The edition marks a corrupt word (†) after ἀνατυπωσάμενοι.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.10Holl GCS 25/31:325
ἐν δὲ τῇ Σεβαστείᾳ τῇ ποτὲ Σαμαρείᾳ καλουμένῃ, τὴν θγατέρα Ἰεφθάε θεοποιήσαντες ἔτι ταύτῃ τελετὴν κατʼ ἔτος ἄγουσιν.
en de tę̄ Sebasteią tę̄ pote Samareią kaloumenę̄, tēn thgatera Iephthae theopoiēsantes eti tautę̄ teletēn katʼ etos agousin.
And in Sebaste, once called Samaria, they have made a goddess of Jephthah’s daughter and still hold a rite for her every year.
Judg 11:40 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: At Sebaste Jephthah’s daughter is honored as a goddess.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.1.11Holl GCS 25/31:325
οὕτω καὶ οὖτοι ἀκούοντες τὰ ἔνδοξα καὶ σοφὰ τῆς γραφῆς ῥήματα εἰς ἀνοησίαν ἐξέτρεψαν καὶ εἰς ὑπέρογκον διάνομιαν ἀρθέντες τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς ἀληθείας κατέλιπον, καὶ μύθους ἑαυτοῖς πλασάμενοι κατὰ πάντα ἐλεγχθήσονται.
houtō kai outoi akouontes ta endoxa kai sopha tēs graphēs rhēmata eis anoēsian exetrepsan kai eis hyperonkon dianomian arthentes tēn hodon tēs alētheias katelipon, kai mythous heautois plasamenoi kata panta elenchthēsontai.
So these too, hearing the glorious and wise words of Scripture, have turned them into folly; carried away into an overweening opinion, they have left the way of truth, and having invented myths for themselves they will be refuted on every point.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Melchizedekians likewise turned Scripture into myths.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.1.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-1-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 55, chapter 2
55.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:325–326
2. Καὶ γὰρ παρά τισι τοῦ Μελχισεδὲκ ὁ πατήρ τε καὶ ἡ μήτηρ ἐμφέρεται· οὐκ ἔχει δὲ κατὰ τὰς ῥητὰς γραφὰς καὶ ἐνδιαθέτους τοῦτο. εἶπον δέ τινες Ἡρακλᾶν τινα καλεῖσθαι τὸν αὐτοῦ πατέρα, μητέρα δὲ Ἀστάρθ, τὴν δὴ καὶ Ἀστοριανήν. ἦν δὲ οὖτοῦ ἐξ ἑνὸς τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἐπιχωρίων κατʼ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ τῶν ἐν Σαυῇ πεδιάδι κατοικούντων.
2. Kai gar para tisi tou Melchisedek ho patēr te kai hē mētēr empheretai; ouk echei de kata tas rhētas graphas kai endiathetous touto. eipon de tines Hēraklan tina kaleisthai ton autou patera, mētera de Astarth, tēn dē kai Astorianēn. ēn de outou ex henos tōn huiōn tōn epichōriōn katʼ ekeino kairou tōn en Sauę̄ pediadi katoikountōn.
Indeed, in some writers Melchizedek’s father and mother are mentioned, though the plainly stated and accepted Scriptures do not have this. Some have said that his father was called Heraclas and his mother Astarth, who is also Astoriane. He was, they say, a son of one of the natives of that time who lived in the plain of Save.
Gen 14:17 (allusion, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Traditions give Melchizedek’s parents as Heraclas and Astarth, natives of the plain of Save.
- “Plainly stated and accepted” renders ῥητὰς … καὶ ἐνδιαθέτους, i.e. the canonical books.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:325–326; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:326
Σαλὴμ δὲ ἡ πόις ἐκαλεῖτο, περὶ ἦς ἄλλος ἄλλως ἐξέδωκε καὶ ἄλλος ἄλλως. οἱ μὲν γάρ φασιν αὐτὴν εἶναι τὴν νῦν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καλουμένην, ποτὲ δὲ Ἰεβοὺς λεγομένην, ἄλλοι δὲ ἔφασαν ἄλλην τινὰ Σαλὴμ εἶναι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ Σικίμων, κατάντικρυ τῆς νυνὶ Νεαπόλεως οὕτω καλουμένης.
Salēm de hē pois ekaleito, peri ēs allos allōs exedōke kai allos allōs. hoi men gar phasin autēn einai tēn nyn Ierousalēm kaloumenēn, pote de Iebous legomenēn, alloi de ephasan allēn tina Salēm einai en tǭ pediǭ Sikimōn, katantikry tēs nyni Neapoleōs houtō kaloumenēs.
The city was called Salem, and different writers have given different accounts of it. Some say it is the city now called Jerusalem, once called Jebus; others have said it was another Salem in the plain of Shechem, opposite the city now called Neapolis.
Gen 14:18 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Salem is identified either with Jerusalem or with a Salem near Shechem.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:326; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:326
εἴτε οὖν ἐντεῦθεν ἢ καὶ ἐκεῖθεν (οὐ μακρὰν <γὰρ> ἀλλήλων ἀφεστήκασιν οἱ τόποι) ὅμως ἡ ὑπόθεσις δηλοῖ τὸ ἔργον. »ἐξήνεγκε«, γάρ φησι, τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἄρτους καὶ οἶνον, καὶ ἦν ἱερεὺς τοῦ ὑψίστου κατʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον«, ὃς εὐλόγησε τὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ δεκάτην ἔλαβε παρʼ αὐτοῦ.
eite oun enteuthen ē kai ekeithen (ou makran <gar> allēlōn aphestēkasin hoi topoi) homōs hē hypothesis dēloi to ergon. »exēnenke«, gar phēsi, tǭ Abraam artous kai oinon, kai ēn hiereus tou hypsistou katʼ ekeinon ton chronon«, hos eulogēse ton Abraam kai dekatēn elabe parʼ autou.
Whether from here or from there (for the places are not far from each other), the story makes the matter plain. “He brought out,” it says, “bread and wine” for Abraham, “and he was priest of the Most High” at that time; he blessed Abraham and received a tithe from him.
Gen 14:18 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 14:20 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek brought bread and wine, blessed Abraham, and received a tithe.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:326; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:326–327
ἔδει γὰρ τὸν ἱερέα τοῦ ὑψίστου παρὰ δούλου θεοῦ τιμηθῆναι, καὶ πρῶτον μὲν τὸν Ἀβραὰμ προσενέγκαι τῷ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ ἱερεῖ ἑρουργοῦντι, ἐπειδὴ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἔμελλε τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἐκ περιτομῆς γίνεσθαι Ἡ ἱερωσύνη, ἵνα »πᾶν ὕψωμα ἐπαιρόμενον κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ θεοῦ« ταπεινωθῇ,
edei gar ton hierea tou hypsistou para doulou theou timēthēnai, kai prōton men ton Abraam prosenenkai tǭ en akrobystią hierei herourgounti, epeidē ex autou emelle tou Abraam ek peritomēs ginesthai Hē hierōsynē, hina »pan hypsōma epairomenon kata tēs gnōseōs tou theou« tapeinōthę̄,
For the priest of the Most High had to be honored by God’s servant, and Abraham had first to make an offering to a priest ministering in uncircumcision, since from Abraham himself the priesthood from circumcision was to arise, so that “every high thing exalted against the knowledge of God” might be humbled,
2 Cor 10:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Abraham honored an uncircumcised priest, humbling the later circumcised priesthood.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:326–327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:327
πρὸς τὸ μὴ αὐχοῦσαν τῆν περιτομὴν ἐπὶ τῇ ἱερωσύνῃ δύνασθαι ἀντιλέγειν τῇ τῆς ἁγίας θεοῦ ἐκκλησίας ἱερωσύνῃ, τῇ μὴ παρατηρουμένῃ σαρκὸς περιτομὴν ἢ ἀκροβυστίαν, ἔχουσαν δὲ τὴν μείζονα καὶ τελειοτάτην περιτομήν, τὸ λουτρὸν τῆς παλιγγενεσίας.
pros to mē auchousan tēn peritomēn epi tę̄ hierōsynę̄ dynasthai antilegein tę̄ tēs hagias theou ekklēsias hierōsynę̄, tę̄ mē paratēroumenę̄ sarkos peritomēn ē akrobystian, echousan de tēn meizona kai teleiotatēn peritomēn, to loutron tēs palingenesias.
so that circumcision, boasting of its priesthood, might not be able to speak against the priesthood of God’s holy church, which does not observe circumcision or uncircumcision of the flesh but has the greater and most perfect circumcision, the washing of regeneration.
Titus 3:5 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The church’s priesthood has baptism, the greater circumcision.
Topics: Baptism, Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:327
εἰ γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ Μελχισεδὲκ προσήνεγκε δεκάτην, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ Λευὶ προσφέρουσι καὶ τῷ Ἀαρών, μετὰ χρόνον δὲ τοῦ πάλιν εἶναι τὴν ἑρωσύνην ἐκ περιτομῆς διὰ Ἀαρὼν καὶ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ καθεξῆς φάσκει ἡ γραφὴ διὰ τοῦ Δαυὶδ (μετὰ γενεὰς δεκαδύο τῆς τοῦ Λευὶ γεννήσεως, ἑπτὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀαρὼν διαδοχῆς) ἐν τῷ Μελχισεδὲκ τὴν ἱερωσύνην ἵστασθαι, φύσει ἔδειξεν οὐκ ἐν τῇ παλαιᾷ τῆς περιτομῆ ἱερωσύνη τὸ ἱερατικὸν ἐπιμένειν τάγμα·
ei gar Abraam tǭ Melchisedek prosēnenke dekatēn, hoi de apo Abraam tǭ Leui prospherousi kai tǭ Aarōn, meta chronon de tou palin einai tēn herōsynēn ek peritomēs dia Aarōn kai tōn huiōn autou kathexēs phaskei hē graphē dia tou Dauid (meta geneas dekadyo tēs tou Leui gennēseōs, hepta de apo tēs Aarōn diadochēs) en tǭ Melchisedek tēn hierōsynēn histasthai, physei edeixen ouk en tę̄ palaią tēs peritomē hierōsynē to hieratikon epimenein tagma;
For if Abraham offered a tithe to Melchizedek, and Abraham’s descendants offer to Levi and to Aaron, and yet, after the priesthood had again come from circumcision through Aaron and his sons in succession, Scripture says through David (twelve generations after the birth of Levi and seven after the succession of Aaron) that the priesthood stands in Melchizedek, it showed that the priestly order would not remain in the old priesthood of circumcision.
Ps 110:4 (109:4 LXX) (allusion, high confidence) · Heb 7:9 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: David’s oracle, spoken long after Aaron, shows the priesthood would pass from the old order.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.2.7Holl GCS 25/31:327
μετετίθετο γὰρ εἰς τὴν πρὸ τοῦ Λευὶ καὶ πρὸ Ἀαρὼν κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδὲκ ἱερωσύνην, ἥτις νυνὶ ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ πολιτεύεται, ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ κυρίου ἐνσάρκου παρουσίας καὶ δεῦρο, μηκέτι τοῦ σπέρματος κατὰ διαδοχὴν ἐκλεγομένου, ἀλλὰ τοῦ κατὰ ἀρετὴν τύπου ζητουμένου.
metetitheto gar eis tēn pro tou Leui kai pro Aarōn kata tēn taxin Melchisedek hierōsynēn, hētis nyni en tę̄ ekklēsią politeuetai, apo tēs tou kyriou ensarkou parousias kai deuro, mēketi tou spermatos kata diadochēn eklegomenou, alla tou kata aretēn typou zētoumenou.
For it was being transferred to the priesthood after the order of Melchizedek, which is before Levi and before Aaron, and which now is exercised in the church from the Lord’s coming in the flesh until now, no longer chosen by descent from seed in succession, but sought according to the pattern of virtue.
Heb 7:12 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Melchizedek priesthood now exists in the church, chosen by virtue, not descent.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.2.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/51-35-1/#p-55-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.