Panarion (Medicine Chest Against Heresies), Haer. 1-64 55.3.1–57.1.12
Greek text: Holl, GCS 25/31 (Greek text: Karl Holl, ed., Epiphanius, Bände 1-2 (GCS 25, 1915, and GCS 31, 1922, Leipzig: Hinrichs), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0. The digitized file's own metadata describes it as spanning Holl's volumes 1-3 (1915-1933), but its text in fact ends at Haer. 64 (confirmed: the last division is Haer. 64, on Origen, matching the end of GCS 31); Holl's third volume (GCS 37, 1933) is not present in this digital text.).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Haer. 55, chapter 3
55.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:327
3. Πρώτη γὰρ ἱερωσύνη ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ διὰ τοῦ Ἄβελ τελεῖται, ἀλλὰ καὶ καθεξῆς διὰ τοῦ Νῶε·
3. Prōtē gar hierōsynē en akrobystią dia tou Abel teleitai, alla kai kathexēs dia tou Nōe;
The first priesthood in uncircumcision was exercised through Abel, and next through Noah;
Gen 4:4 (allusion, medium confidence) · Gen 8:20 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Abel and Noah were priests in uncircumcision.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:327
τρίτη δὲ διὰ τοῦ Μελχισεδέκ, τοῦ γεῖται, ἐξ ἄλλων δὲ γενεαλογεῖται.
tritē de dia tou Melchisedek, tou geitai, ex allōn de genealogeitai.
the third through Melchizedek, who … is not given a genealogy [from them], but is given one from others.
Heb 7:6 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek, the third, has a genealogy, though not from Israel.
- Words are lost in the digital text after τοῦ; the sense (from Heb 7:6) is that he is not traced from Israel.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:327–328
πόσοι δὲ ἄλλοι οὐ γενεαλογοῦνται κατὰ τὸ φανερώτατον; Δανιὴλ Σεδρὰχ Μισὰκ Ἀβδεναγὼ Ἠλίας ὁ Θεσβίτης· ἐν πάσαις γὰρ ῥηταῖς βίβλοις οὐδαμοῦ ἐμφέρονται τούτων οἱ πατέρες ἢ αἱ μητέρες. ἵνα μὴ διὰ τοῦτο πλάνη τις γένηται, οὐδὲν λυπήσει ἃ καὶ ἐν παραδόσεσι κατειλήφαμεν λέγειν.
posoi de alloi ou genealogountai kata to phanerōtaton? Daniēl Sedrach Misak Abdenagō Ēlias ho Thesbitēs; en pasais gar rhētais biblois oudamou empherontai toutōn hoi pateres ē hai mēteres. hina mē dia touto planē tis genētai, ouden lypēsei ha kai en paradosesi kateilēphamen legein.
How many others are not given a genealogy explicitly? Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego, Elijah the Tishbite: in none of the plainly stated books are their fathers or mothers mentioned. So that no error may arise from this, it will do no harm to say what we have learned from traditions as well.
Notes and citation
Summary: Many biblical figures, like Daniel and Elijah, have no recorded parents.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:327–328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:328
εὑρήκαμεν γὰρ τοῦ Δανιὴλ τὸν πατέρα Σαβαάν τινα καλούμενον. τοῦ δὲ Ἠλία φύσει καὶ τὴν πατριαρχίαν ὡσαύτως ηὕραμεν, ἥντινα καὶ καθʼ εἱρμὸν ὑφηγήσομαι οὕτως·
heurēkamen gar tou Daniēl ton patera Sabaan tina kaloumenon. tou de Ēlia physei kai tēn patriarchian hōsautōs hēuramen, hēntina kai kathʼ heirmon hyphēgēsomai houtōs;
We have found that Daniel’s father was called Sabaan. And for Elijah we have likewise found the whole ancestry, which I will set out in order as follows:
Notes and citation
Summary: Tradition names Daniel’s father and gives Elijah’s ancestry.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:328
Ἠλίας ὁ Θελσβίτης ἀδελφὸς γέγονεν Ἰωδαὲ τοῦ ἱερέως, ἐξ ἱερέων δῆθεν κλαὶ αὐτὸς ὑπάρχων, υἱὸς δὲ τοὺ Ἀχιναάμ· Ἀχιναὰμ δὲ υἱὸς τοῦ Σαδώκ, Σαδὼκ δὲ τοῦ Ἀχιτὼβ τοῦ Ἀμορία, Ἀμορίας υἱὸς [τοῦ Ἀμορία] τοῦ Ῥαζαζά, Ῥαζαζὰ τοῦ Ἀαζία, Ἀζία τοῦ Φινεές, Φινεὲς υἱὸς τοῦ Ἐλεάζαρ, Ἐλεάζρ υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀαρών, τοῦ ἱερέως δηλονότι· Ἀαρὼν υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀμράμ, Ἀμρὰμ τοῦ Καάθ, Καὰθ τοῦ Λευί, Λευὶ τρίτος υἱὸς τοῦ Ἰακώβ· Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἀδελφὸς μὲν Ἠσαῦ, παῖς δὲ τοῦ Ἰσαάκ, Ἰσαὰκ υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀβραάμ.
Ēlias ho Thelsbitēs adelphos gegonen Iōdae tou hiereōs, ex hiereōn dēthen klai autos hyparchōn, huios de tou Achinaam; Achinaam de huios tou Sadōk, Sadōk de tou Achitōb tou Amoria, Amorias huios [tou Amoria] tou Rhazaza, Rhazaza tou Aazia, Azia tou Phinees, Phinees huios tou Eleazar, Eleazr huios tou Aarōn, tou hiereōs dēlonoti; Aarōn huios tou Amram, Amram tou Kaath, Kaath tou Leui, Leui tritos huios tou Iakōb; Iakōb de adelphos men Ēsau, pais de tou Isaak, Isaak huios tou Abraam.
Elijah the Tishbite was the brother of Jehoiada the priest, being himself, of course, of priestly descent, the son of Ahinaam; Ahinaam was the son of Zadok, Zadok of Ahitub son of Amariah, Amariah son of Razaza, Razaza of Aazia, Azia of Phinehas, Phinehas son of Eleazar, Eleazar son of Aaron the priest; Aaron son of Amram, Amram of Kohath, Kohath of Levi, and Levi was the third son of Jacob; Jacob was the brother of Esau and son of Isaac, Isaac son of Abraham.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: A traditional priestly genealogy of Elijah back to Abraham.
- The editor deletes a repeated “of Amariah”. This genealogy is not biblical; Epiphanius gives it from tradition.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.3.6Holl GCS 25/31:328
ἐν δὲ ταῖς ῥηταῖς βίβλοις οὐ πάνυ σαφῶς αἱ τούτων γενεαλογίαι ἐμφέρονται ἢ μόνον ἐν ταῖς Παραλειπομέναις τῆς κατὰ τὸν Ἠλίαν ὑποθέσεως μέρη. φύσει δὲ τῶν τριῶν παίδων, Σεδρὰχ Μιχὰκ Ἀβδεναγώ, οὔτε ἐν παραδόσεσιν οὔτε ἐν ἀποκρύφοις τοὺς πατέρας ηὕραμεν.
en de tais rhētais biblois ou pany saphōs hai toutōn genealogiai empherontai ē monon en tais Paraleipomenais tēs kata ton Ēlian hypotheseōs merē. physei de tōn triōn paidōn, Sedrach Michak Abdenagō, oute en paradosesin oute en apokryphois tous pateras hēuramen.
In the plainly stated books their genealogies are not given very clearly, except for parts of the story about Elijah in Chronicles. But for the three youths, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego, we have found their fathers neither in traditions nor in apocryphal books.
Notes and citation
Summary: No source gives the fathers of the three youths.
- “Chronicles” renders Παραλειπόμεναι.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.3.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.3.7Holl GCS 25/31:328–329
τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; ἆρα κἀκεῖνοι, οἹ περ Σεδρὰχ Μισὰκ Ἀβοδεναγώ, φαντάσουσιν ἡμᾶς λογίζεσθαι ἃ μὴ χρὴ καὶ ὑπερόγκως θαυμάζειν ὑπὲρ τὸ μέτρον ἑκάστην ὑπόθεσιν, ἀπάτορας καὶ ἀμήτορας αὐτοὺς λογισάμενοι;
ti oun eroumen? ara kakeinoi, hoI per Sedrach Misak Abodenagō, phantasousin hēmas logizesthai ha mē chrē kai hyperonkōs thaumazein hyper to metron hekastēn hypothesin, apatoras kai amētoras autous logisamenoi?
What then shall we say? Will those too, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego, lead us to imagine what we should not, and to marvel beyond measure at each story, counting them as fatherless and motherless?
Notes and citation
Summary: Missing parents do not make the three youths superhuman.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.3.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:328–329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.3.8Holl GCS 25/31:329
ἀλλὰ μὴ γένοιτο. ὅροι γὰρ ἐτέθησαν ἡμῖν καὶ θεμέλιοι εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τῆς πίστεως καὶ ἀποστόλων παραδόσεις καὶ γραφαὶ ἅγιαι καὶ διαδοχαὶ διδασκάλων, καὶ ἐκ πανταχόθεν ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ θεοῦἠσφάλισται καὶ μηδεὶς ἀπατάσθω κενοῖς μύθοις.
alla mē genoito. horoi gar etethēsan hēmin kai themelioi eis oikodomēn tēs pisteōs kai apostolōn paradoseis kai graphai hagiai kai diadochai didaskalōn, kai ek pantachothen hē alētheia tou theouēsphalistai kai mēdeis apatasthō kenois mythois.
Certainly not. For boundaries have been set for us and foundations for building up the faith: the traditions of the apostles, the holy Scriptures, and the successions of teachers. God’s truth has been secured on every side, and let no one be deceived by empty myths.
Notes and citation
Summary: Apostolic tradition, Scripture, and the succession of teachers guard the truth.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.3.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-3-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 55, chapter 4
55.4.1Holl GCS 25/31:329
4. Ἐπανελεύσομαι δὲ πάλιν εἰς τὰ προκείμενα, εἰς ἅπερ οὗτοι φαντάζονται περὶ τοῦ Μελχισεδέκ. ὅτι μὲν γὰρ ἅγιος ὁ δίκαιος ὑπῆρχε καὶ ἱερεὺς τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ βασιλεὺς τῆς Σαλὴν δῆλον, ἀλλʼ οὐ τῆς ἐν οὐρανῷ ὑπάρχων <τάξεως> καὶ ἀπʼ ούρανοῦ καταβεβηκώς·
4. Epaneleusomai de palin eis ta prokeimena, eis haper houtoi phantazontai peri tou Melchisedek. hoti men gar hagios ho dikaios hypērche kai hiereus tou theou kai basileus tēs Salēn dēlon, allʼ ou tēs en ouranǭ hyparchōn <taxeōs> kai apʼ ouranou katabebēkōs;
I will return again to the matter in hand, to what these people imagine about Melchizedek. That the righteous man was holy, a priest of God and king of Salem, is clear; but he was not of the heavenly order and did not come down from heaven.
Gen 14:18 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek was a holy priest-king, but not a heavenly being.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.4.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.4.2Holl GCS 25/31:329
»οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἀναβέβηκεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, εἰ μὴ ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου«, φηςὶν ὁ ἅγιος καὶ ἀψευδὴς θεὸς Λόγος.
»oudeis gar anabebēken eis ton ouranon, ei mē ho ek tou ouranou katabas, ho huios tou anthrōpou«, phēsin ho hagios kai apseudēs theos Logos.
“For no one has ascended into heaven except he who came down from heaven, the Son of Man,” says the holy and truthful God the Word.
John 3:13 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Only the Son of Man came down from heaven.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.4.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.4.3Holl GCS 25/31:329
τὴν δὲ τάξιν τοῦ Μελχισεδὲκ κηρύττουσα ἡ θεία γραφὴ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα ῥητῶς διδάσκον τὴν μετάθεσιν ἔδειξε τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἀπὸ παλαιᾶς συναγωγῆς καὶ τοῦ * ἔθνους εἰς τῆς ἔθνος κάλλιστον καὶ ὑπέρτατον καὶ οὐ μετοχῇ σαρκὸς διαδοχῆς ἡνωμένον.
tēn de taxin tou Melchisedek kēryttousa hē theia graphē kai to pneuma rhētōs didaskon tēn metathesin edeixe tēs hierōsynēs apo palaias synagōgēs kai tou * ethnous eis tēs ethnos kalliston kai hypertaton kai ou metochę̄ sarkos diadochēs hēnōmenon.
By proclaiming the order of Melchizedek, the divine Scripture and the Spirit, teaching explicitly, showed the transfer of the priesthood from the old synagogue and the … nation to the finest and highest nation, one not united by sharing the flesh of a line of descent.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek’s order shows the priesthood transferred from Israel to the church.
- The edition marks a gap (*).
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.4.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.4.4Holl GCS 25/31:329
ὁ γὰρ Μελχισεδὲκ ὁ ἅγιος οὗτος οὐκέτι μετʼ αὐτ]ν διαδοχὴν ἔσχεν, ἀλλὰ ούδὲ ἀφαίρεσιν τῆς ἱερωσύνης. ἔμεινε γὰρ αὐτὸς ἱερεὺς τὸν πάντα χρόνον τῆς αὐτοῦ ζωῆς καὶ ἔτι ἐν τῇ γραφῇ ᾂδεται ἰερεύς, μηδενὸς αὐτ]ν διαδεξαμένου ἢ ἀνατρέψαντος τὴν κατὰ τὸν χρόνον τῆς αὐτοῦ ὑπηρεσίας ἱερωσύνην οὕτω καὶ ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν, οὐκ ὢν ἄνθρωπος,
ho gar Melchisedek ho hagios houtos ouketi metʼ aut]n diadochēn eschen, alla oude aphairesin tēs hierōsynēs. emeine gar autos hiereus ton panta chronon tēs autou zōēs kai eti en tę̄ graphę̄ ądetai iereus, mēdenos aut]n diadexamenou ē anatrepsantos tēn kata ton chronon tēs autou hypēresias hierōsynēn houtō kai ho kyrios hēmōn, ouk ōn anthrōpos,
For this holy Melchizedek had no successor after him, nor was the priesthood taken from him. He remained priest all the time of his life and is still celebrated in Scripture as priest, since no one succeeded him or overturned the priesthood of his time of service. So too our Lord, not being a mere man,
Heb 7:3 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek had no successor, a type of Christ’s unending priesthood.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.4.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.4.5Holl GCS 25/31:329
ἀλλὰ θεοῦ ἅγιος θεὸς Λόγος, υἱὸς υἱὸς θεοῦ γεννηθεὶς ἀνάρχως καὶ ἀχρόνως, ἀεὶ σὺν π ατρὶ ὤν, γενόμενος δὲ διʼ ἡμῆς ἐκ Μαρίας ἄνθρωπος καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ σπέρματος ἀνδρός, τὴν δὲ ἱερωσύνην * τῷ πατρὶ8 προσφέρει, ἐξ ἀνθρωπότητος τὸ φύραμα λαβών, ἵνα ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἱερεὺς καταστῇ
alla theou hagios theos Logos, huios huios theou gennētheis anarchōs kai achronōs, aei syn p atri ōn, genomenos de diʼ hēmēs ek Marias anthrōpos kai ouk apo spermatos andros, tēn de hierōsynēn * tǭ patri8 prospherei, ex anthrōpotētos to phyrama labōn, hina hyper hēmōn hiereus katastę̄
but God’s holy God the Word, Son of God, begotten without beginning and without time, always being with the Father, and having become man for our sake from Mary and not from the seed of a man, offers the priesthood … to the Father, having taken the lump of humanity, so that he might be appointed priest on our behalf
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The eternal Word, made man from Mary, became priest for us.
- The edition marks a gap (*); “Son” is doubled in the digital text.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.4.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.4.6Holl GCS 25/31:329–330
κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδέκ, τὴν μκὴ ἔχουσαν διαδοχήν. μένει γὰρ τὰ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν εἰς τὸ διηνεκὲς δῶρα προσφέρων, πρῶτον μὲν ἑαυτὸν διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ προσενέγκας, ἵνα λύςῃ πᾶσαν θυσίαν παλαιᾶς δια- θήκης, τὴν ἐντελεστέραν [δὲ] καὶ ζῶσαν ὑπὲρ παντὸς τοῦ κόσμου ἱερουργήσας·
kata tēn taxin Melchisedek, tēn mkē echousan diadochēn. menei gar ta hyper hēmōn eis to diēnekes dōra prospherōn, prōton men heauton dia tou staurou prosenenkas, hina lysę̄ pasan thysian palaias dia- thēkēs, tēn entelesteran [de] kai zōsan hyper pantos tou kosmou hierourgēsas;
after the order of Melchizedek, which has no succession. For he remains offering gifts on our behalf for ever, first having offered himself through the cross, to abolish every sacrifice of the old covenant, having performed the more perfect and living sacrifice for the whole world:
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Heb 7:24 (allusion, medium confidence) · Heb 9:14 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ offered himself on the cross, ending the old sacrifices.
- The editor deletes δέ.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.4.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:329–330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.4.7Holl GCS 25/31:330
αὐτὸς ἱερεῖον, αὐτὸς θῦμα, αὐτὸς ἱερεύς, αʼ΄υτὸς θυσαιστήριον, αὐτὸς θέος, αὐτὸς ἄνθρωπος, αὐτὸς βασιλεύς, αὐτὸς ἀρχιερεύς, αὐτὸς πρόβατον, αὐτὸς ἀρνίον, τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν γενόμενος, ἵνα ἡμῖν ζωὴ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον γένηται, καὶ ἱερωσύνης αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀμετάστατον ἑδραίωμα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ἀπεργάσηται, οὐκέτι κατὰ τὰ σπερματικὰ καὶ τὰς διαδοχάς μερίζων, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ δικαίωμα φυλάτσθαι ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ δωρούμενος.
autos hiereion, autos thyma, autos hiereus, aʼ΄ytos thysaistērion, autos theos, autos anthrōpos, autos basileus, autos archiereus, autos probaton, autos arnion, ta panta en pasin hyper hēmōn genomenos, hina hēmin zōē kata panta tropon genētai, kai hierōsynēs autou to ametastaton hedraiōma eis tous aiōnas apergasētai, ouketi kata ta spermatika kai tas diadochas merizōn, alla kata to dikaiōma phylatsthai en pneumati hagiǭ dōroumenos.
himself the victim, himself the offering, himself the priest, himself the altar, himself God, himself man, himself king, himself high priest, himself the sheep, himself the lamb, having become all things in all for us, so that life might come to us in every way, and he might establish the unchangeable foundation of his priesthood for ever, no longer apportioning it by seed and succession, but granting that it be kept according to righteousness in the Holy Spirit.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ is priest, victim, altar, God and man, and founds an unchangeable priesthood.
Topics: Christology, Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.4.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 55, chapter 5
55.5.1Holl GCS 25/31:330
5. Φαντάζονται δὲ πάλιν ἄλλοι, <ἄλλα> περὶ τούτου τοῦ Μελχισεδὲκ λέγοντες. σαρκικῶς γὰρ οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἀνεκρίθησαν, πνευματικῶς μὴ νενοηκότες τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου ἀποστόλου ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ ἐπιστολῇ
5. Phantazontai de palin alloi, <alla> peri toutou tou Melchisedek legontes. sarkikōs gar hoi toioutoi anekrithēsan, pneumatikōs mē nenoēkotes ta hypo tou hagiou apostolou en tę̄ autę̄ epistolę̄
Others again have other fancies, saying other things about this Melchizedek. Such people have judged in a fleshly way, not understanding spiritually what was said by the holy apostle in the same epistle,
Notes and citation
Summary: Others misread Hebrews on Melchizedek.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.5.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.5.2Holl GCS 25/31:330
τῇ πρὸς Ἑβραίους εἰρημένα. καὶ ὁ μὲν Ἱερακᾶς ὁ Αἱγύπτιος αἱρεσιάρχης τό »άφομοιούμενος, φησί, τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ μένει ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸ διηνεκές«·
tę̄ pros Hebraious eirēmena. kai ho men Hierakas ho Haigyptios hairesiarchēs to »aphomoioumenos, phēsi, tǭ huiǭ tou theou menei hiereus eis to diēnekes«;
the one to the Hebrews. Hieracas the Egyptian, a heresiarch, takes the words “made like the Son of God, he remains a priest continually”
Heb 7:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Hieracas interprets Heb 7:3.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.5.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.5.3Holl GCS 25/31:330
ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς λέξεως ἧς εἶπεν ὁἅγιος ἀπόστολος »τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχὑπὲρ ἡμῶν στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις«. ὁ δὲ ἐπιστάμενος τὸ φρόνημα τοῦ πνεύματος οἶδεν ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἐκλ. εκτῶν ἐντυγχάνει τῷ θεῷ. ἐξέπεσε δὲ καὶ οὗτος παντελῶς τοῦ προκειμένου.
hōs apo tēs lexeōs hēs eipen hoagios apostolos »to de pneuma hyperentynchyper hēmōn stenagmois alalētois«. ho de epistamenos to phronēma tou pneumatos oiden hoti hyper ekl. ektōn entynchanei tǭ theǭ. exepese de kai houtos pantelōs tou prokeimenou.
as if from the saying of the holy apostle, “but the Spirit intercedes for us with groanings too deep for words,” and “he who knows the mind of the Spirit knows that he intercedes with God for the elect.” But he too has entirely missed the point.
Rom 8:26 (quotation, high confidence) · Rom 8:27 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Hieracas identifies Melchizedek with the interceding Holy Spirit.
- Hieracas is refuted at Panarion 67.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.5.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.5.4Holl GCS 25/31:330–331
οὐ γὰρ σύρκα ἐνεδύσατο τὸ πνεῦμά ποτε· σύρκα δὲ μὴ ἐνδυσάμενον οὐκ εἶχεν εἶναι βασιλεὺς τῆς Σαλὴμ καὶ ἱερεὺς τόπου τινός.
ou gar syrka enedysato to pneuma pote; syrka de mē endysamenon ouk eichen einai basileus tēs Salēm kai hiereus topou tinos.
For the Spirit never put on flesh; and not having put on flesh, it could not be king of Salem and priest of a particular place.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Spirit never took flesh, so could not be Melchizedek.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.5.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:330–331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.5.5Holl GCS 25/31:331
καιρῷ δὲ ὅτε περὶ τούτου τοῦ Ἱερακᾶ καὶ τῆς αὐτοὺ αἱρέσεως τὴν ἀνατροπὴν ποιήσομαι, τότε ἐν πλάτει περὶ τούτων διηγήσομαι, τῆς δὲ ἀκολουθίας τὰ νῦν ἐπιλήψομαι.
kairǭ de hote peri toutou tou Hieraka kai tēs autou haireseōs tēn anatropēn poiēsomai, tote en platei peri toutōn diēgēsomai, tēs de akolouthias ta nyn epilēpsomai.
When I come to refute this Hieracas and his heresy, I will then deal with these matters at length; for now I will keep to the order.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hieracas will be answered at length later.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.5.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 55, chapter 6
55.6.1Holl GCS 25/31:331
Πόσα δὲ περὶ τούτου τοῦ Μελχισεδὲκ καὶ ἄλλοι φαντάζονται Σαμαρεῖται μὲν γὰρ τοῦτον νομίζουσιν εἶναι υἱὸν τοῦ Νῶε τὸν Σήμ.
Posa de peri toutou tou Melchisedek kai alloi phantazontai Samareitai men gar touton nomizousin einai huion tou Nōe ton Sēm.
How many things others too imagine about this Melchizedek! The Samaritans think he is Shem the son of Noah.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Samaritans identify Melchizedek with Shem.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.2Holl GCS 25/31:331
καταγέλαστοι δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ εὑρεθήσονται. ἀσφαλιζομένη γὰρ ἡ θεία γραφὴ πάντα μετὰ εὐταξίας κατὰ πάντα τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὠχύρωσεω, οὐκ εἰς μάτην τοὺς χρόνους τάξασα καὶ τὰ ἔτη ἑκάστης τῶνπατέρων ζωῆς καὶ διαδοχῆς ἀριθμήσασα.
katagelastoi de kai autoi heurethēsontai. asphalizomenē gar hē theia graphē panta meta eutaxias kata panta tēn alētheian ōchyrōseō, ouk eis matēn tous chronous taxasa kai ta etē hekastēs tōnpaterōn zōēs kai diadochēs arithmēsasa.
But they too will be found ridiculous. For the divine Scripture, securing everything in good order, has fortified the truth on every point, not setting down the periods in vain, and numbering the years of each of the fathers’ lives and succession.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scripture’s chronology refutes the Samaritans.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.3Holl GCS 25/31:331
ὅτε γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ ὑπῆρχεν ὀγδοήκοντα ὀκτὼ ἢ καὶ ἐνενήκοντα ἐτῶν πλείω ἐλάσσω, ὁ Μελχισεδὲκ αὐτῷ ὑπηντᾶτο καὶ ἐξέβαλεν αὐτῷ ἄρτους καὶ οἶνον, προτυπῶν τῶν μυστηρίων τὰ αἰνίγματα·
hote gar Abraam hypērchen ogdoēkonta oktō ē kai enenēkonta etōn pleiō elassō, ho Melchisedek autǭ hypēntato kai exebalen autǭ artous kai oinon, protypōn tōn mystēriōn ta ainigmata;
For when Abraham was eighty-eight or ninety years old, more or less, Melchizedek met him and brought out to him bread and wine, prefiguring the enigmas of the mysteries,
Gen 14:18 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek’s bread and wine prefigured the mysteries.
Topics: Eucharist
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.4Holl GCS 25/31:331
ἀντίτυπα τοῦ <σώματος τοῦ κυρίου, αὐτοῦ τοῦ> κυρίου ἡμῶν λέγοντος ὅτι »ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν«, καὶ ἀντίτυπα τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐκ τῆς πλευρᾶς αὐτοῦ ῥεύσαντος εἰς κάθαρσιν τῶν κεκοινωμένων καὶ ῥαντισμὸν καὶ σωτηρίαν τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν.
antitypa tou <sōmatos tou kyriou, autou tou> kyriou hēmōn legontos hoti »egō eimi ho artos ho zōn«, kai antitypa tou haimatos autou tou ek tēs pleuras autou rheusantos eis katharsin tōn kekoinōmenōn kai rhantismon kai sōtērian tōn hēmeterōn psychōn.
antitypes of the body of the Lord, since our Lord himself says, “I am the living bread,” and antitypes of his blood, which flowed from his side for the cleansing of the defiled and the sprinkling and salvation of our souls.
John 6:51 (quotation, high confidence) · John 19:34 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The bread and wine were antitypes of Christ’s body and blood.
- The words in angle brackets are the editor’s supplement.
Topics: Eucharist
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.5Holl GCS 25/31:331–332
ὁ δε τοῦ ἀβραὰμ πατὴρ Θάρρα ἑβδομηκοστὸν κατάγων ἔτος τὸν Ἀβραὰμ ἐγέννησεν, καὶ γέγονεν ἔτη ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα κοντα πλείω ἐλάσσω. Ναχὼρ δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν Θάρρα ἑβδομήκοντα ἐννέα ἐτῶν ἑπάρχων, καὶ γέγονε σλݲλθݲθݲ ἔτη. Σεροὺχ δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν Ναχὼρ ρݲλݲ ἐτῶν ὑπάρχων, καὶ γεγόνασιν ἔτη τξθ.
ho de tou abraam patēr Tharra hebdomēkoston katagōn etos ton Abraam egennēsen, kai gegonen etē hekaton hexēkonta konta pleiō elassō. Nachōr de egennēse ton Tharra hebdomēkonta ennea etōn heparchōn, kai gegone slݲlthݲthݲ etē. Serouch de egennēse ton Nachōr rݲlݲ etōn hyparchōn, kai gegonasin etē txth.
Abraham’s father Terah begot Abraham in his seventieth year, and that makes a hundred and sixty years, more or less. Nahor begot Terah at seventy-nine, making 239 years. Serug begot Nahor at 130, making 369 years.
Gen 11:26 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 11:24 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 11:22 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: A running count of years back from Abraham begins.
- The totals are running sums counted back from Abraham’s meeting with Melchizedek; the garbled numerals (σλθ, ρλ) are read by that arithmetic.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:331–332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.6Holl GCS 25/31:332
Ῥαγαῦ δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν Σεροὺχ ὑπάρχων ρݲλݲβݲ ἐτῶν, καὶ γέγονε πεντακοσιοστὸν πρῶτον ἔτος. Φάλεκ δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν ‘Ραγὰῦ ὢν ρݲλݲ ἐτῶν, καὶ γέγονεν ἔτη ἑξακόσια τριάκοντα ἕν. Ἔβερ δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν φάλεκ ἐν ἔτει ρݲλ ݲ δݲ τῆς αὐτοῦ ζωῆς, καὶ γεγόνασιν ἑπτακόσια ἑξήκοντα πέντε ἔτη.
Rhagau de egennēse ton Serouch hyparchōn rݲlݲbݲ etōn, kai gegone pentakosioston prōton etos. Phalek de egennēse ton ‘Ragau ōn rݲlݲ etōn, kai gegonen etē hexakosia triakonta hen. Eber de egennēse ton phalek en etei rݲl ݲ dݲ tēs autou zōēs, kai gegonasin heptakosia hexēkonta pente etē.
Reu begot Serug at 132, and it makes the five hundred and first year. Peleg begot Reu at 130, and it makes six hundred and thirty-one years. Eber begot Peleg in the 134th year of his life, and it makes seven hundred and sixty-five years.
Gen 11:20 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 11:18 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 11:16 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The count continues through Reu, Peleg, and Eber.
- These ages follow the Septuagint figures.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.7Holl GCS 25/31:332
Σάλα δὲ ἐγέννησε τὸν Ἔβερ ἑκατοστὸν τριακοστὸν ἔτος κατάγων τῆς αὐτοῦ ἡλικίας, καὶ γέγονεν ὀκτακόσια ἐνενήκο ντα πέντε ἔτη. Κηνᾶ δὲ ἐγέννα τὸν Σάλα ἔτος κατάγων ρݲθݲ τῆς αὐτοῦ ζωῆς, καὶ γέγονεν χίλια τέσσαρα ἔτη. Ἀρφαξὰδ δὲ ἐτῶν ρλε ὢν ἐγέννησε τὸν Κηνὰν, καὶ γέγονεν χίλια ρݲλݲθݲ ἔτη.
Sala de egennēse ton Eber hekatoston triakoston etos katagōn tēs autou hēlikias, kai gegonen oktakosia enenēko nta pente etē. Kēna de egenna ton Sala etos katagōn rݲthݲ tēs autou zōēs, kai gegonen chilia tessara etē. Arphaxad de etōn rle ōn egennēse ton Kēnan, kai gegonen chilia rݲlݲthݲ etē.
Shelah begot Eber in the hundred and thirtieth year of his age, and it makes eight hundred and ninety-five years. Cainan begot Shelah in the 109th year of his life, and it makes a thousand and four years. Arphaxad, at 135, begot Cainan, and it makes 1,139 years.
Gen 11:14 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 11:12 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The count reaches Arphaxad.
- Cainan appears only in the Septuagint genealogy (cf. Luke 3:36).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.8Holl GCS 25/31:332
Σὴμ δὲ ρݲβݲ ἔτει τῆς αὐτοῦ ζωῆς, ὁ προειρημένος καὶ ξαντασιαζόμενος παρὰ τοῖς Σαμαρείταις εἶναι Μελχισεδέκ, ἐγέννησε τὸν Ἀρφαξάδ, καὶ ὁμοῦ γέγονεν ἔτη χίλια διακόσια τεσσαράκοντα ἕν ἕως τοῦ χρόνου τοῦ Ἀβραάμ, καθʼ ὃν συνήντησε τῷ Μελχισεδὲκ ἐπανιὼν ἀπὸ τῆς κοπὴς τῶν περὶ Ἀμαρφὰλ καὶ Ἀριὼχ καὶ Χοδολλογομὸρ καὶ Θαλγὰ τῶν βασιλέων.
Sēm de rݲbݲ etei tēs autou zōēs, ho proeirēmenos kai xantasiazomenos para tois Samareitais einai Melchisedek, egennēse ton Arphaxad, kai homou gegonen etē chilia diakosia tessarakonta hen heōs tou chronou tou Abraam, kathʼ hon synēntēse tǭ Melchisedek epaniōn apo tēs kopēs tōn peri Amarphal kai Ariōch kai Chodollogomor kai Thalga tōn basileōn.
Shem, in the 102nd year of his life, the one mentioned above whom the Samaritans imagine to be Melchizedek, begot Arphaxad; and altogether it makes one thousand two hundred and forty-one years up to the time of Abraham when he met Melchizedek returning from the slaughter of the kings with Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer and Tidal.
Gen 11:10 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 14:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 14:17 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: From Shem’s fathering Arphaxad to Abraham’s meeting is 1,241 years.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.9Holl GCS 25/31:332
οὐ, ἔζησε δὲ Σὴμ τοσαῦτα ἔτη κατὰ τὴν τούτων ληρώδη φαντασίαν, ἀλλὰ ρݲβݲ ἐτῶν ὤν ἐγέννησε τὸν Ἀρφαξάδ, ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ ἔτει μετὰ τὸν κατακλυσμόν. »καὶ ἔζησε μετὰ ταῦτα, ὥς φησιν ἡ θεία γραφή, φݲ ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς και θυγατέρας, καὶ ἀπέθανε«.
ou, ezēse de Sēm tosauta etē kata tēn toutōn lērōdē phantasian, alla rݲbݲ etōn ōn egennēse ton Arphaxad, en tǭ deuterǭ etei meta ton kataklysmon. »kai ezēse meta tauta, hōs phēsin hē theia graphē, phݲ etē, kai egennēsen huious kai thygateras, kai apethane«.
Shem did not live so many years, as their silly fancy supposes; but at 102 he begot Arphaxad, in the second year after the flood. “And he lived after this,” as the divine Scripture says, “500 years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.”
Gen 11:10 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 11:11 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Shem lived 500 years after Arphaxad’s birth and died.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.10Holl GCS 25/31:332–333
τοίνυν αὐτοῦ ζήσαντος ἑζακόσια καὶ δύο ἔτη καὶ τελευτήσαντος πῶς ἠδύνατο φθάσαι εἰς χίλια καὶ διακόσια τεσαράκοντα καὶ ἕν ἔτη, ἵνα ὁ Σὴμ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Νῶς τοῦ πρὸ δέκα γενεῶν τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ κληθείη Μελχισεδὲκ παρὰ τούτοις, μετὰ δέκα γενεάς, ἔτη δὲ χίλια διακόσια τεσσαράκοντα ἕν; καὶ ὦ τῆς πολλῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων πλάνης.
toinyn autou zēsantos hezakosia kai dyo etē kai teleutēsantos pōs ēdynato phthasai eis chilia kai diakosia tesarakonta kai hen etē, hina ho Sēm ho huios tou Nōs tou pro deka geneōn tou Abraam klētheiē Melchisedek para toutois, meta deka geneas, etē de chilia diakosia tessarakonta hen? kai ō tēs pollēs tōn anthrōpōn planēs.
So since he lived six hundred and two years and died, how could he reach one thousand two hundred and forty-one years, so that Shem the son of Noah, ten generations before Abraham, could be called Melchizedek by these people, ten generations and 1,241 years later? Oh, the great error of men!
Notes and citation
Summary: Shem died long before Abraham, so he cannot be Melchizedek.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:332–333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.6.11Holl GCS 25/31:333
κατὰ δὲ ψὴφον ἄλλων ἀντιγράφων ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Σὴμ ἡλικίας, ἐξότε γεγένηται ὁ αὐτὸς Σήμ, ὥς τοῦ προδδηλωμένου χρόνου τῆς [τε]τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ συναντήσεως τῷ Μελχισεδέκ, ἥτις ἦν ἐν ογδοηκοστῷ ὁγδόῳ ἔτει τῆς αὐτοῦ ζωῆς ἢ ἐνεηκοστῷ, γίνεται ἑξακόσια εἴκοσι ὀκτὼ ἔτη πλείω ἐλάσσω, ὥστε ἐξ ἅπαντος μὴ δύνασθαι εἰς τὸν προδεδηλωμένον τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ χρόνον τὸν Σὴμ φθάνειν, ἵνα καὶ Μελχισεδὲκ νομισθείη. καὶ διέπεσε πανταχόθεν καὶ ἡ τῶν Σαμαρειτῶν χυδαιολογία.
kata de psēphon allōn antigraphōn apo tēs tou Sēm hēlikias, exote gegenētai ho autos Sēm, hōs tou proddēlōmenou chronou tēs [te]tou Abraam synantēseōs tǭ Melchisedek, hētis ēn en ogdoēkostǭ hogdoǭ etei tēs autou zōēs ē eneēkostǭ, ginetai hexakosia eikosi oktō etē pleiō elassō, hōste ex hapantos mē dynasthai eis ton prodedēlōmenon tou Abraam chronon ton Sēm phthanein, hina kai Melchisedek nomistheiē. kai diepese pantachothen kai hē tōn Samareitōn chydaiologia.
According to the reckoning of other copies, from Shem’s birth to the time mentioned of Abraham’s meeting with Melchizedek, which was in his eighty-eighth or ninetieth year, it comes to six hundred and twenty-eight years, more or less, so that Shem could by no means reach the time of Abraham, to be thought Melchizedek. So the Samaritans’ vulgar nonsense has also collapsed on every side.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Even by other copies’ figures Shem could not reach Abraham’s time.
- “Other copies” are presumably Hebrew-based figures; the editor deletes τε.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.6.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-6-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 55, chapter 7
55.7.1Holl GCS 25/31:333
7. Ἰουδαῖοι δὲ πάλιν φάσκουσι τὸν τοιοῦτον δίκαιον μὲν εἶναι καὶ ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἱερέα τοῦ ὑψίστου, ὡς ἔχει ἡθεία γραφή, διὰ δὲ τὸ υἱὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι πόρωης, φασί, τῆν μητέρα αὐτοῦ μὲη γεγράφθαι μηδὲ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ γινώσκασθαι.
7. Ioudaioi de palin phaskousi ton toiouton dikaion men einai kai agathon kai hierea tou hypsistou, hōs echei hētheia graphē, dia de to huion auton einai porōēs, phasi, tēn mētera autou meē gegraphthai mēde ton patera autou ginōskasthai.
The Jews, again, say that he was righteous and good and a priest of the Most High, as the divine Scripture has it, but that because he was the son of a prostitute, they say, his mother is not recorded and his father is not known.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jewish tradition says Melchizedek was a prostitute’s son.
- Reported view; Epiphanius answers it in 55.7.2.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.7.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.7.2Holl GCS 25/31:333
ἐξέπεσε δὲ καὶ τούτων ὁ ληρώδης λόγος. καὶ γὰρ καὶ ῥαὰβ πόρνη ὑπῆρχε καὶ ἔστι γεγραμμένη, καὶ Ζαμβρὶ πορνεύσας γέγραπται καὶ Χασβιεὶ μετʼ αὐτοὺ, καίπερ ἀλλοτρία οὖσα καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ γένους Ἰσραὴλ ἀναγομένη. * καὶ »πᾶας ὁ μὴ διὰ τῆς θύρας είσερχό9μενος, ὡς ἔφη τὸ ἅγιον εὐαγγέλιον, λῃστὴς καὶ οὐ ὢν ποιμὴν ὑπάρχει«.
exepese de kai toutōn ho lērōdēs logos. kai gar kai rhaab pornē hypērche kai esti gegrammenē, kai Zambri porneusas gegraptai kai Chasbiei metʼ autou, kaiper allotria ousa kai ouk apo genous Israēl anagomenē. * kai »paas ho mē dia tēs thyras eisercho9menos, hōs ephē to hagion euangelion, lę̄stēs kai ou ōn poimēn hyparchei«.
But their idle argument also fails. For Rahab was a prostitute and is recorded, and Zimri is recorded as having committed sexual immorality, and Cozbi with him, though she was a foreigner and not descended from Israel. … And “everyone who does not enter by the door,” as the holy gospel said, “is a thief and not a shepherd.”
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Josh 2:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Num 25:14 (allusion, high confidence) · Num 25:15 (allusion, high confidence) · John 10:1 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Scripture records sinners by name, so that cannot explain the silence.
- The edition marks a gap (*) before the gospel quotation.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.7.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:333; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.7.3Holl GCS 25/31:333–334
Ἐν δὲ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ φύσει τινὲς διαφόρως τοῦτον τὸν Μελχισεδὲκ ὁρίζονται. οἱ μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν νομίζουσι φύσει τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐν ἰδέᾳ δὲ ἀνθρώπου τότε τῷ Ἀβραὰμ πεφηνέναι.
En de tę̄ ekklēsią physei tines diaphorōs touton ton Melchisedek horizontai. hoi men gar auton nomizousi physei ton huion tou theou, en ideą de anthrōpou tote tǭ Abraam pephēnenai.
In the church, too, some define this Melchizedek in different ways. Some think he is by nature the Son of God, who then appeared to Abraham in human form.
Notes and citation
Summary: Some in the church think Melchizedek was the Son of God appearing.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.7.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:333–334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.7.4Holl GCS 25/31:334
ἐκπίπτουσι δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ τοῦ προκειμένου· οὐ γάρ τις ἑαυτῷ ὅμοιος γενήσεταί ποτε, ὡς ἔχει ἡ θεία γραφὴ ὅτι »ἀφομοιούμενος τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ μένει ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸ διηνεκες«.
ekpiptousi de kai autoi tou prokeimenou; ou gar tis heautǭ homoios genēsetai pote, hōs echei hē theia graphē hoti »aphomoioumenos tǭ huiǭ tou theou menei hiereus eis to diēnekes«.
But they too miss the point. For no one will ever become like himself, as the divine Scripture has it: “made like the Son of God, he remains a priest continually.”
Heb 7:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: One cannot be “made like” oneself, so he is not the Son.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.7.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.7.5Holl GCS 25/31:334
τῷ ὄντι δὲ »ὁ μὴ γενεαλογούμενος ἐξ αὐτῶν τὸν Ἀβραὰμ δεδεκάτωκεν«· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν Ἰσραγλιτῶν γενεαλογεῖται, γενεαλογεῖται δὲ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἄλλων.
tǭ onti de »ho mē genealogoumenos ex autōn ton Abraam dedekatōken«; epeidē gar ouk ex autōn tōn Israglitōn genealogeitai, genealogeitai de ex anthrōpōn allōn.
In truth, “he whose genealogy is not traced from them received tithes from Abraham”; for he is not traced from the Israelites themselves, but he is traced from other men.
Heb 7:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek had a genealogy, just not from Israel.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.7.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.7.6Holl GCS 25/31:334
τούτων πάντων τὸν κατάλογον ποιηςάμενοι, <ὧν> διὰ τὴν αἵρεσιν ταύτην ἐπεμνήσθημεν, [καὶ] ὡς ἐν παρεκβάσει περὶ τούτων διηγηςάμεθα.
toutōn pantōn ton katalogon poiēsamenoi, <hōn> dia tēn hairesin tautēn epemnēsthēmen, [kai] hōs en parekbasei peri toutōn diēgēsametha.
Having made a list of all these whom we have mentioned because of this heresy, we have told of them as in a digression.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The digression on Melchizedek views ends.
- The editor deletes καί.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.7.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 55, chapter 8
55.8.1Holl GCS 25/31:334
8. Εἰς ὄνομα δὲ τούτου τοῦ Μελχισεδὲκ ἡ προειρημένη αἵρεσις καὶ τὰς προσφορὰς ἀναφέρει καὶ αὐτὸν εἶναι εἰσαγωγέα πρὸς τὸν θεὸν λέγει καὶ διʼ αὐτοῦ, φηςί, δεῖ τῷ θεῷ προσφέρειν, ὅτι ἄρχων ἐστὶ δικαιοςύνης, ἐπʼ αὐτὸ τοῦτο κατασταθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν οὐρανῷ, πνευματικός τις ὤν καὶ εἰς ἱερωςύνην θεοῦ τεταγμένος.
8. Eis onoma de toutou tou Melchisedek hē proeirēmenē hairesis kai tas prosphoras anapherei kai auton einai eisagōgea pros ton theon legei kai diʼ autou, phēsi, dei tǭ theǭ prospherein, hoti archōn esti dikaiosynēs, epʼ auto touto katastatheis hypo tou theou en ouranǭ, pneumatikos tis ōn kai eis hierōsynēn theou tetagmenos.
In the name of this Melchizedek the aforementioned heresy also makes its offerings, and says that he is the one who brings us to God, and through him, it says, we must offer to God, because he is a ruler of righteousness, appointed by God in heaven for this very purpose, being a spiritual being and appointed to God’s priesthood.
Notes and citation
Summary: The sect offers through Melchizedek as a heavenly mediator.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.8.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.8.2Holl GCS 25/31:334
καὶ δεῖ ἡμᾶς αὐτῷ προσφέρειν, φαςίν, ἵνα διʼ αὐτοῦ προσενεχθῇ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καὶ εὔρωμεν διʼ αὐτοῦ ζωήν.
kai dei hēmas autǭ prospherein, phasin, hina diʼ autou prosenechthę̄ hyper hēmōn kai eurōmen diʼ autou zōēn.
“And we must offer to him,” they say, “so that the offering may be made for us through him and we may find life through him.”
Notes and citation
Summary: They seek life through offerings to Melchizedek.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.8.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.8.3Holl GCS 25/31:334
καὶ Χριστὸς μέν, φηςίν, ἐξελέγη, ἵνα ἡμᾶς καλέσῃ ἐκ πολλῶν ὁδῶν εἰς μίαν ταύτην τὴν γνῶσιν, ὑπὸ θεοῦ κεχρισμένος καὶ ἐκλεκτὸς γενόμενος, ἐπειδὴ ἀπέστρεψεν ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ εἰδώλων καὶ ὑπέδειξεν ἡμῖν τὴν ὁδόν. ἐξ οὗπερ ὁ ἀπόστολος ἀοσταλεὶς ἀπεκάλυψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι μέγας ἐστὶν ὁ Μελχισεδὲκ καὶ ἱερεὺς μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.
kai Christos men, phēsin, exelegē, hina hēmas kalesę̄ ek pollōn hodōn eis mian tautēn tēn gnōsin, hypo theou kechrismenos kai eklektos genomenos, epeidē apestrepsen hēmas apo eidōlōn kai hypedeixen hēmin tēn hodon. ex houper ho apostolos aostaleis apekalypsen hēmin hoti megas estin ho Melchisedek kai hiereus menei eis ton aiōna.
“And Christ,” it says, “was chosen to call us from many ways into this one knowledge, anointed by God and made elect, since he turned us from idols and showed us the way. After this the apostle was sent and revealed to us that Melchizedek is great and remains a priest for ever.
Heb 7:4 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They say Christ only led them to the knowledge of Melchizedek.
- The Melchizedekians’ teaching is reported.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.8.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.8.4Holl GCS 25/31:334
καὶ θεωρεῖτε πηλίκος οὗτος, καὶ ὅτι τὸ ἧσσον ἐκ τοῦ μείζονος εὐλογεῖται, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο, φηςί,
kai theōreite pēlikos houtos, kai hoti to hēsson ek tou meizonos eulogeitai, kai dia touto, phēsi,
And see how great he is, and that the lesser is blessed by the greater; and for this reason,” it says,
Heb 7:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Heb 7:7 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They cite Hebrews on the lesser blessed by the greater.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.8.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.8.5Holl GCS 25/31:334
καὶ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ τὸν πατριάρχην εὐλόγησεν, ὡς μείζων ὤν, οὗ ἡμεῖς ἐσμὲν μύσται, ὅπως τύχωμεν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἡμεῖς παρʼ αὐτοῦ τῆς εὐλογίας.
kai ton Abraam ton patriarchēn eulogēsen, hōs meizōn ōn, hou hēmeis esmen mystai, hopōs tychōmen kai autoi hēmeis parʼ autou tēs eulogias.
“he also blessed the patriarch Abraham, as being greater; we are his initiates, so that we too may obtain the blessing from him.”
Notes and citation
Summary: They claim to be initiates of Melchizedek.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.8.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:334; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 55, chapter 9
55.9.1Holl GCS 25/31:334–335
9. Καὶ ὡς άταιος παςῶν αἱρέσεων ἡ διάνοια. ἰδοὺ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι ἠρνήσαντο τὸν αὐτῶν δεσπότην τὸν »ἀγοράσαντα αὐτοὺς τῷ ἰδίῳ αὐτοῦ αἵματι«, τὸν οὐκ ἀπὸ Μαρίας ἐναρξάμενον, ὡς αὐτοὶ νομίζουσιν,
9. Kai hōs ataios pasōn haireseōn hē dianoia. idou gar kai houtoi ērnēsanto ton autōn despotēn ton »agorasanta autous tǭ idiǭ autou haimati«, ton ouk apo Marias enarxamenon, hōs autoi nomizousin,
How vain is the mind of all the heresies! For see, these too have denied their Master, who “bought them with his own blood,” who did not begin from Mary, as they think,
2 Pet 2:1 (allusion, high confidence) · Acts 20:28 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Melchizedekians deny Christ, who did not begin at Mary.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:334–335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.2Holl GCS 25/31:335
ἀλλʼ ἀεὶ ὄντα πρὸς τὸν πατέρα θεὸν Λόγον, γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀνάρχως καὶ ἀχρόνως, ὡς πᾶσα γραφὴ διηγεῖται· ᾧ καὶ ειπεν ὁ πατήρ »ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατʼ εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν καὶ καθʼ ὁμοίωσιν«, καὶ οὐχὶ τῷ Μελχισεδέκ.
allʼ aei onta pros ton patera theon Logon, gegennēmenon ek tou patros anarchōs kai achronōs, hōs pasa graphē diēgeitai; hǭ kai eipen ho patēr »poiēsōmen anthrōpon katʼ eikona hēmeteran kai kathʼ homoiōsin«, kai ouchi tǭ Melchisedek.
but is always with the Father as God the Word, begotten of the Father without beginning and without time, as all Scripture relates; to him the Father said, “Let us make man in our image and likeness,” and not to Melchizedek.
Gen 1:26 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Father spoke “Let us make man” to the eternal Word, not Melchizedek.
Topics: Christology, Trinity
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.3Holl GCS 25/31:335
εἰ μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἱερεὺς [ἐστι] τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ γενεᾷ γεγένηται καὶ οὐκ ἔσχε διαδοχὴν μετʼ αὐτόν, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄνωθεν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς.
ei men gar kai hiereus [esti] tou theou tou hypsistou en tę̄ idią geneą gegenētai kai ouk esche diadochēn metʼ auton, allʼ ouk estin anōthen apʼ ouranou katabas.
For even if he became priest of God Most High in his own generation and had no succession after him, still he did not come down from heaven above.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek did not come from heaven.
- The editor deletes ἐστι.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.4Holl GCS 25/31:335
οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ἡ γραφὴ ὅτι »κατήνεγκε « ἄρτον καὶ οἶνον, ἀλλὰ »ἐξήνεγκεν« αὐτῷ τε καὶ τοῖς μετʼ αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἀπὸ τῶν βασιλέων ἀποδεξόμενος τὸν διερχόμενον πατριάρχην·
ou gar eipen hē graphē hoti »katēnenke « arton kai oinon, alla »exēnenken« autǭ te kai tois metʼ autou, hōs apo tōn basileōn apodexomenos ton dierchomenon patriarchēn;
For Scripture did not say that he “brought down” bread and wine, but that he “brought out” to him and those with him, as to receive the patriarch passing by from the kings;
Gen 14:18 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: “Brought out,” not “brought down,” shows he was earthly.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.5Holl GCS 25/31:335
καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτὸν διὰ τὴν προσοῦσαν αὐτῷ δικαιοσύνην καὶ τὸ πιστὸν καὶ τὸ εὐλαβὲς τοῦ ἀνδρός, ὅτι ἐν ἅπασι δοκιμασθεὶς ἐν οὐδενὶ ἐξέπεσε τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὁ πατριάρχης, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ συνεργὸν ἔσχε τὸν θεὸν κατὰ τῶν † ἀληθῶς ἐπελθόντων τῇ τῶν Σοδομιτῶν χώρᾳ καὶ ἀφελομένων καὶ τὸν ἀδελφιδοῦν αὐτοῦ τὸν ἅγιον Λώτ, ὃν καὶ ἀπέστρεψε μετὰ τῆς πάσης σκυλεύσεως καὶ λαφυραγωγίας.
kai eulogēsen auton dia tēn prosousan autǭ dikaiosynēn kai to piston kai to eulabes tou andros, hoti en hapasi dokimastheis en oudeni exepese tēs dikaiosynēs ho patriarchēs, alla kai en toutǭ synergon esche ton theon kata tōn † alēthōs epelthontōn tę̄ tōn Sodomitōn chōrą kai aphelomenōn kai ton adelphidoun autou ton hagion Lōt, hon kai apestrepse meta tēs pasēs skyleuseōs kai laphyragōgias.
and he blessed him because of his righteousness and the faithfulness and piety of the man, since the patriarch, tested in all things, fell from righteousness in nothing, but in this too had God as his helper against those who had attacked the land of the Sodomites and carried off also his nephew, holy Lot, whom he brought back with all the spoil and plunder.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Gen 14:12 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 14:16 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Melchizedek blessed Abraham for his righteousness after he rescued Lot.
- The edition marks ἀληθῶς as corrupt (†).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.6Holl GCS 25/31:335
πόθεν δὲ οὐ δείξωμεν ξωμεν ὅτι ἦν ἀεὶ <ὁ> υἱὸς σὺν πατρί; »ἐν ἀρχῇ γὰρ ἦν ὁ Λόγος, καὶ ὁ Λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ Λόγος«, καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν »ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Μελχισεδὲκ οὐδὲ θεὸς ἦν ὁ Μελχισεδέκ«.
pothen de ou deixōmen xōmen hoti ēn aei <ho> huios syn patri? »en archę̄ gar ēn ho Logos, kai ho Logos ēn pros ton theon, kai theos ēn ho Logos«, kai ouk eipen »en archę̄ ēn ho Melchisedek oude theos ēn ho Melchisedek«.
And how shall we not show that the Son was always with the Father? “For in the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God”; it did not say, “In the beginning was Melchizedek,” nor “Melchizedek was God.”
John 1:1 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: John 1:1 speaks of the Word, not Melchizedek.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.7Holl GCS 25/31:335
καὶ πάλιν »ἦλθεν οὖν ὁ κύριος πρὸς τὸν Ἀβραάμ, καὶ ἔβρεξε κύριος παρὰ κυρίου πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἐπὶ Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα«. καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ ἀπόστολός λός φησιν »εἷς θεός, ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα, καὶ εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, διʼ οὗ τὰ πάντα«.
kai palin »ēlthen oun ho kyrios pros ton Abraam, kai ebrexe kyrios para kyriou pyr kai theion epi Sodoma kai Gomorra«. kai autos ho apostolos los phēsin »heis theos, ex hou ta panta, kai heis kyrios Iēsous Christos, diʼ hou ta panta«.
And again, “So the Lord came to Abraham, and the Lord rained fire and brimstone from the Lord on Sodom and Gomorrah.” And the apostle himself says, “one God, from whom are all things, and one Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things.”
Gen 19:24 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 8:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Genesis and Paul show Father and Son together.
- The first quotation combines Gen 18 with Gen 19:24.
Topics: Trinity
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:335; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.8Holl GCS 25/31:335–336
καὶ ἵνα μή τις εἴῃ· οὐκοῦν ποῦ ἐστι τὸ πνεῦμα, ἐπειδήπερ περὶ ἑνὸς καὶ ἑνὸς διηγεῖαι; οὐκ ἔδει τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοςύστατον γίνεσθαι ἑαυτοῦ· ἀεὶ γὰρ φυλάττεται ἡ θεία γραφὴ ὑπογραμ- μὸς ἡμῖν γίνεσθαι. ἐφθέγγετο ἐν πνεύματι ἀγίῳ ὁ ἀπόστολος καὶ ἔλεγεν »εἷς θεός, ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, διʼ οὗ τὰ πάντα«. ἦν δὲ ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ λέγων τοῦτο· οὐ γὰρ ἵνα λείψῃ ἡ τριάς.
kai hina mē tis eię̄; oukoun pou esti to pneuma, epeidēper peri henos kai henos diēgeiai? ouk edei to pneuma autosystaton ginesthai heautou; aei gar phylattetai hē theia graphē hypogram- mos hēmin ginesthai. ephthengeto en pneumati agiǭ ho apostolos kai elegen »heis theos, ex hou ta panta kai heis kyrios Iēsous Christos, diʼ hou ta panta«. ēn de en pneumati hagiǭ legōn touto; ou gar hina leipsę̄ hē trias.
And lest anyone say, “Where then is the Spirit, since he speaks of one and one?”: the Spirit did not need to commend itself; for the divine Scripture always takes care to be a pattern for us. The apostle spoke in the Holy Spirit and said, “one God, from whom are all things, and one Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things.” He said this in the Holy Spirit; it was not so that the Trinity should be lacking.
1 Cor 8:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul’s silence about the Spirit in 1 Cor 8:6 does not diminish the Trinity.
Topics: Trinity
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:335–336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.9Holl GCS 25/31:336
αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ κύριος σαφῶς λέγει ὅτι »ἀπελθόντες βαπτίσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη εἰς ὄνομα πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος«. καὶ πάλιν ὁ ἀπόστολος λέγει »ἕν δέ ἐστιν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ διαιροῦν ἑκάστῳ ὡς βούλεται πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον«.
autos de ho kyrios saphōs legei hoti »apelthontes baptisate panta ta ethnē eis onoma patros kai huiou kai hagiou pneumatos«. kai palin ho apostolos legei »hen de estin to pneuma to diairoun hekastǭ hōs bouletai pros to sympheron«.
The Lord himself says clearly, “Go and baptize all the nations in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” And again the apostle says, “It is the one Spirit who distributes to each as he wills for the common good.”
Matt 28:19 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 12:11 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 12:7 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Baptism in the triune name and Paul show the Spirit’s place.
- The Pauline citation conflates 1 Cor 12:7 and 12:11.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.10Holl GCS 25/31:336
ἰδοὺ τοίνυν πατήρ, ἰδοὺ υἱός, ἰδοὺ πνεῦμα ἅγιον, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ περὶ Μελχισεδὲκ λέγει ὅτι ἐν τοῖς χαρίσμασιν † δωρεῖται οὔτε ἐν τοῖς ὑψώμασι. καὶ μάτην παρὰ τούτοις ᾄδεται τὰ ψευδῆ καὶ ἐπινενοημένα τῶν προσκομμάτων, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας αὐτοῖς συμβαίνοντα, ἀλλὰ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ συρίγματος τοῦ δράκοντος, ὡς ἑκάστην αἵρεσιν ἠδυνήθη ἀπατῆσαί τε καὶ πλανῆσαι.
idou toinyn patēr, idou huios, idou pneuma hagion, kai oudamou peri Melchisedek legei hoti en tois charismasin † dōreitai oute en tois hypsōmasi. kai matēn para toutois ądetai ta pseudē kai epinenoēmena tōn proskommatōn, ouk apo tēs alētheias autois symbainonta, alla ex autou tou syrigmatos tou drakontos, hōs hekastēn hairesin ēdynēthē apatēsai te kai planēsai.
See then: Father, Son, Holy Spirit; and nowhere does it say of Melchizedek that he … in the gifts or in the heights. In vain these people celebrate false and invented stumbling blocks, which come to them not from the truth but from the very hiss of the dragon, as he has been able to deceive and lead astray each heresy.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scripture never counts Melchizedek among the Trinity; the heresy comes from the devil.
- The edition marks δωρεῖται as corrupt (†).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.11Holl GCS 25/31:336
Ἦλθε δὲ πάλιν εἰς ἡμᾶς ὥς τινες περιττότερον τῶν προειρημένων πάντων πλανηθέντες καὶ περισσοτέρᾳ ἀλαζονείᾳ ἐννοίας ἀρθέντε ἐτόλμησαν εἰς ἀπορίαν διανοημάτων τραπῆναι καὶ εἰς βλάφημον ἔννοιαν ἐλθεῖν καὶ εἰπεῖν τὸν αὐτὸν Μελχισεδὲκ εἶναι τὸν πατέρα τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ.
Ēlthe de palin eis hēmas hōs tines perittoteron tōn proeirēmenōn pantōn planēthentes kai perissoterą alazoneią ennoias arthente etolmēsan eis aporian dianoēmatōn trapēnai kai eis blaphēmon ennoian elthein kai eipein ton auton Melchisedek einai ton patera tou kyriou hēmōn Iēsou christou.
It has come to us again that some, straying further than all those mentioned above and carried away by greater arrogance of thought, have dared to turn to perplexity of mind and come to a blasphemous notion, and to say that this same Melchizedek is the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: Some identify Melchizedek with the Father of Christ.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.12Holl GCS 25/31:336
καὶ ὦ τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀφυλάκτου ἐννοίας καὶ ἀπατωμένης καρδίας καὶ μὴ ἐχούσης στάσιν ἀληθείας. ἀπὸ τοῦ γὰρ τὸν ἀπόστολον λέγειν ἀπάτορα καὶ ἀμήτορα τὸν μελχισεδὲκ καὶ ἀγενεαλόγητον, διὰ τὸ ὑπέρογκον τῆς φράσεως πλανηθέντες τῇ ἐννοίᾳ οἱ τοιοῦτοι καὶ * διανοηθέντες τὰ * εἰς τὸν πατέρα τῶν ὅλων ἀναλογοῦντα ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀνετύπωναν βλασφημίας πλάνην.
kai ō tēs tōn anthrōpōn aphylaktou ennoias kai apatōmenēs kardias kai mē echousēs stasin alētheias. apo tou gar ton apostolon legein apatora kai amētora ton melchisedek kai agenealogēton, dia to hyperonkon tēs phraseōs planēthentes tę̄ ennoią hoi toioutoi kai * dianoēthentes ta * eis ton patera tōn holōn analogounta en heautois anetypōnan blasphēmias planēn.
Oh, the unguarded thinking of men, the deceived heart that has no firm footing in truth! Because the apostle calls Melchizedek fatherless, motherless and without genealogy, such people, misled in their minds by the loftiness of the expression and … thinking of the things … that apply to the Father of all, have formed in themselves the error of blasphemy.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Heb 7:3 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Hebrews’ exalted language misled them into blasphemy.
- The edition marks two gaps (*).
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.12 (Holl GCS 25/31:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.13Holl GCS 25/31:336
ἀπὸ τοῦ γὰρ τὸν πατέρα τῶν ὅλων, θεὸν τὸν παντοζωῆς μήτε πατέρα ἔχειν μήτε μητέρα μήτε ἀρχὴν ἡμερῶν μήτε ζωῆς τέλος (τοῦτο γὰρ <παρὰ> πᾶσιν ὡμολόγηται) ἀπεικάσαντες τούτῳ τὸν Μελχισεδὲκ διὰ τὸ περὶ αὐτοῦ οὕτω τὸν ἀπόστολον εἰρηκέναι εἰς ἀφροςύνης βλασφημέαν πεπτώκασι, μὴ νοήσαντες τὰ ἄλλα τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ εἰρημένα.
apo tou gar ton patera tōn holōn, theon ton pantozōēs mēte patera echein mēte mētera mēte archēn hēmerōn mēte zōēs telos (touto gar <para> pasin hōmologētai) apeikasantes toutǭ ton Melchisedek dia to peri autou houtō ton apostolon eirēkenai eis aphrosynēs blasphēmean peptōkasi, mē noēsantes ta alla ta peri autou eirēmena.
For because the Father of all, God the Almighty, has neither father nor mother nor beginning of days nor end of life (this is agreed by all), they likened Melchizedek to him, because the apostle spoke of him in this way, and have fallen into blasphemy of folly, not understanding the other things said about him.
Heb 7:3 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: They likened Melchizedek to the Father because of Heb 7:3.
- παντοζωῆς in the digital text is read as παντοκράτορα (“Almighty”) by sense; uncertain.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.13 (Holl GCS 25/31:336; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.14Holl GCS 25/31:336–337
περὶ γὰρ τοῦ Μελχισεδὲκ εἴρηται ὅτι »ἦν ἱερεὺς τοῦ ὑψίστου«. εἰ οὖν ὕψιστός ἐστιν οὗτος καὶ πατήρ, ἄρα ἑτέρου ὑψίστου ὑπάρχων ἱερεὺς οὐκέτι αὐτὸς εἴη πατὴρ τῶν ὅλων, ἱερατεύων ἑτέρῳ ὑψίστῳ.
peri gar tou Melchisedek eirētai hoti »ēn hiereus tou hypsistou«. ei oun hypsistos estin houtos kai patēr, ara heterou hypsistou hyparchōn hiereus ouketi autos eiē patēr tōn holōn, hierateuōn heterǭ hypsistǭ.
For it is said of Melchizedek that “he was priest of the Most High.” If then he is the Most High and Father, then, being priest of another Most High, he would no longer himself be Father of all, since he served as priest to another Most High.
Gen 14:18 (quotation, high confidence) · Heb 7:1 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: A priest of the Most High cannot himself be the Most High.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.14 (Holl GCS 25/31:336–337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.15Holl GCS 25/31:337
καὶ ὦ τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων χυδαιότητος τῆς τὰ ἀληθινὰ μὴ κατανοούσης, ἐπὶ τὰ πλάνα δὲ ἑαυτὴν τρεπούσης. τὸ πέρας γὰρ τῆς ἐπιλύσεως τοῦ παντὸς ζητήματος ὁ ἅγιος ἀπόστολος συναγαγὼν ἔφη »ὁ δὲ μὴ γενεαλογούμενος ἐξ αὐτῶν« (δῆλον δέ· ἀλλὰ ἐξ ἑτέρων) »δεδεκάτωκε τὸν Ἀβραάμ«, καὶ πάλιν »ὅς ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ δεήσεις καὶ ἱκεςίας ἐποιεῖτο, φηςί, πρὸς τὸν δυνάμενον αὐτὸν σῶσαι«· ὅτι δὲ <ὁ> πατὴρ σάρκα οὐκ ἐνεδύσατο δῆλον.
kai ō tēs tōn anthrōpōn chydaiotētos tēs ta alēthina mē katanoousēs, epi ta plana de heautēn trepousēs. to peras gar tēs epilyseōs tou pantos zētēmatos ho hagios apostolos synagagōn ephē »ho de mē genealogoumenos ex autōn« (dēlon de; alla ex heterōn) »dedekatōke ton Abraam«, kai palin »hos en tais hēmerais tēs sarkos autou deēseis kai hikesias epoieito, phēsi, pros ton dynamenon auton sōsai«; hoti de <ho> patēr sarka ouk enedysato dēlon.
Oh, the vulgarity of men, which does not grasp the truth but turns itself to error! For the holy apostle, gathering together the conclusion that resolves the whole question, said, “But he whose genealogy is not traced from them” (plainly, but from others) “received tithes from Abraham”; and again, “who in the days of his flesh offered prayers and supplications,” he says, “to him who was able to save him.” That the Father did not put on flesh is plain.
Heb 7:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Heb 5:7 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Hebrews speaks of flesh and prayer, which cannot apply to the Father.
- The second quotation (Heb 5:7) concerns Christ; Epiphanius uses it to show the priest of Hebrews had flesh.
Topics: Heresy, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.15 (Holl GCS 25/31:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.16Holl GCS 25/31:337
Καὶ περὶ τούτων δὲ ἱκανῶς διαλεχθέντες καταλείψωμεν τὴν αἵρεσιν, ὥσπερ μυογαλίδιον λίθῳ πεπαικότες διὰ τῆς στερεᾶς πίστεως καὶ ἑδραιώματος καὶ φυγόντες τὸ ἰοβόλον αὐτῆς δηλητήριον. τὸ γὰρ μυογαλίδιόν φασι πρὸς μὲν τὴν ὥραν μηδὲν ἀδικεῖν τὸν δακνόμενον, χρόνῳ δέ τινι τὸ σῶμα ἀφανίζειν καὶ εἰς λώβησιν κελεφίας ἕως ὅλων τῶν μελῶν ἔγειν τὸν ἐπιβουλευθέντα.
Kai peri toutōn de hikanōs dialechthentes kataleipsōmen tēn hairesin, hōsper myogalidion lithǭ pepaikotes dia tēs stereas pisteōs kai hedraiōmatos kai phygontes to iobolon autēs dēlētērion. to gar myogalidion phasi pros men tēn hōran mēden adikein ton daknomenon, chronǭ de tini to sōma aphanizein kai eis lōbēsin kelephias heōs holōn tōn melōn egein ton epibouleuthenta.
Having discussed these things sufficiently, let us leave this heresy, having struck it like a shrew-mouse with a stone, through our firm faith and foundation, and escaped its venomous poison. For they say that the shrew-mouse does the bitten person no harm at the time, but in time destroys the body and brings its victim to leprous disfigurement through all his limbs.
Notes and citation
Summary: The heresy is compared to the shrew-mouse, whose bite harms slowly.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.16 (Holl GCS 25/31:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.17Holl GCS 25/31:337
οὕτω καὶ αὕτη ἡ αἵρεσις * τῇ διανοίᾳ τοῖς εὐθὺς περὶ τούτων ἀκούσασι φαίνεται ὡς οὐδὲν *, προσεντριβομένη δὲ ἡ τῶν λόγων παρολκὴ ζητήματα ἐμποιεῖ καὶ ὥσπερ ἀφανισμ]ν τοῖς μὴ τυχοῦσι κοῦ βοηθήματος τῆς ἀντιδότου ταύτης, τῆς παρʼ ἡμῶν γενομένης κατʼ αὐτῆς ἀνατροπῆς τε καὶ ἀντιλογίας. οὐ τάχιον δὲ φαι; νεται τὸ ζῷον.
houtō kai hautē hē hairesis * tę̄ dianoią tois euthys peri toutōn akousasi phainetai hōs ouden *, prosentribomenē de hē tōn logōn parolkē zētēmata empoiei kai hōsper aphanism]n tois mē tychousi kou boēthēmatos tēs antidotou tautēs, tēs parʼ hēmōn genomenēs katʼ autēs anatropēs te kai antilogias. ou tachion de phai? netai to zǭon.
So too this heresy … seems to those who first hear of it to be nothing …, but as the drawn-out talk is rubbed in, it produces questions and a kind of destruction for those who do not obtain the help of this antidote, the refutation and contradiction we have made against it. The animal is not quickly seen.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Like the shrew’s bite, the heresy seems harmless but slowly harms.
- The edition marks two gaps (*).
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.17 (Holl GCS 25/31:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.18Holl GCS 25/31:337
ἐν νυκτὶ γὰρ ἐστι πορευόμενον καὶ οὕτω τὴν βλάβην ἐργάζεται, μάλιστα δὲ ἐν τῇ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων χώρᾳ, ὡς ἰστέον ἐστὶ τοῖς τὴν γνῶσιν τοῦ ζῴου ἐπισταμένοις, ὅτι οὐ παρέργως οὔτε σεσυκοφαντημένως τῆς τοῦ ζῴου ὑποθέσεως πεποιήμεθα τὴν μνήμην, ἀπεικάσαντες αὐτὸ τῇ παρὰ τῆς αἱρέσεως βλάβῃ· τοιοῦτο γὰτ αὐτῆς τὸ ἀδίκημα ὑπάρχει.
en nykti gar esti poreuomenon kai houtō tēn blabēn ergazetai, malista de en tę̄ tōn Aigyptiōn chōrą, hōs isteon esti tois tēn gnōsin tou zǭou epistamenois, hoti ou parergōs oute sesykophantēmenōs tēs tou zǭou hypotheseōs pepoiēmetha tēn mnēmēn, apeikasantes auto tę̄ para tēs haireseōs blabę̄; toiouto gat autēs to adikēma hyparchei.
For it goes about at night and so does its harm, especially in the land of the Egyptians. Those who know the animal should understand that we have not mentioned its nature casually or slanderously, likening it to the harm done by the heresy; for such is its wrongdoing.
Notes and citation
Summary: The comparison with the nocturnal shrew is apt.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.18 (Holl GCS 25/31:337; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
55.9.19Holl GCS 25/31:337–338
ἐφεξῆς δὲ βαδιοῦμαι ἐπὶ τὰς ἄλλας, ὅπως τὸ ἐπάγγελμα ἐν θεῷ πληρῶσαι καταξιωθέντες τῷ θεῷ εὐχαριστήσωμεν.
ephexēs de badioumai epi tas allas, hopōs to epangelma en theǭ plērōsai kataxiōthentes tǭ theǭ eucharistēsōmen.
Next I will go on to the others, so that, counted worthy to fulfill our promise in God, we may give thanks to God.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius moves to the next heresy.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 55.9.19 (Holl GCS 25/31:337–338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-55-9-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 56, chapter 1
56.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:338
Τούτοις καθεξῆς συνέπεται Βαρδησιάνης τις οὕτω καλούμενος. ὁ δὲ Βαρδησιάνης οὗτος, ἐξ οὗπερ ἡ αἵρεσις τῶν Βαρδησιανιστῶν γεγένηται, ἐκ Μεσοποταμέας μὲν τὸ γένος ἦν, τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἐδεσσηνῶν πόλιν κατοικούντων.
Toutois kathexēs synepetai Bardēsianēs tis houtō kaloumenos. ho de Bardēsianēs houtos, ex houper hē hairesis tōn Bardēsianistōn gegenētai, ek Mesopotameas men to genos ēn, tōn kata tēn Edessēnōn polin katoikountōn.
Next after these follows one called Bardesanes. This Bardesanes, from whom the heresy of the Bardesanists arose, was by race from Mesopotamia, of those who lived in the city of Edessa.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bardesanes of Edessa is introduced.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:338
ὅς τὰ μὲν πρῶτα ἄριστός τις ἀνὴρ ἐτύγχανε, λόγους δὲ οὐκ ὀλίγους συνεγράψατο, ὁπηνίκα ἐρρωμένην εἶχε τὴν διάνοιαν. ἐκ γὰρ τῆς ἁγίας τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκληςίας ὡρμᾶτο, λόγιός τις ὤν ἐν ταῖς δυςὶ γλώσσαις. Ἑλληνικῇ τε διαλέκτῳ καὶ τῇ τῶν Σύρων φωνῇ.
hos ta men prōta aristos tis anēr etynchane, logous de ouk oligous synegrapsato, hopēnika errōmenēn eiche tēn dianoian. ek gar tēs hagias tou theou ekklēsias hōrmato, logios tis ōn en tais dysi glōssais. Hellēnikę̄ te dialektǭ kai tę̄ tōn Syrōn phōnę̄.
At first he was an excellent man, and he composed not a few treatises while his mind was sound. For he came from God’s holy church, a learned man in two languages, the Greek tongue and the speech of the Syrians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bardesanes was at first an orthodox, bilingual writer.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:338; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:338–339
Αὐγάρῳ δὲ τῷ τῶ, Ἐδεσσηνῶν δυνάστῃ, ἀνδρὶ ὁσιωτάτῳ καὶ λογιωτάτῳ, ἐξοικειούμενος τὰ πῶτα καὶ συμπράττων, ἅμα τε καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ μετασχὼν παιδείας. διήρκεσε μὲν μετὰ τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτὴν ἄχρι τῶν χρόνων Ἀντωνίνου Καίσαρος, (οὐ τοῦ Εὐσεβοῦς καλουμένου, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Οὐήρου).
Augarǭ de tǭ tō, Edessēnōn dynastę̄, andri hosiōtatǭ kai logiōtatǭ, exoikeioumenos ta pōta kai symprattōn, hama te kai tēs autou metaschōn paideias. diērkese men meta tēn ekeinou teleutēn achri tōn chronōn Antōninou Kaisaros, (ou tou Eusebous kaloumenou, alla tou Ouērou).
He was at first intimate with Abgar, the ruler of the Edessenes, a most holy and learned man, and worked with him, sharing also in his education. After Abgar’s death he lived on until the times of Antoninus Caesar (not the one called Pius, but Verus).
Notes and citation
Summary: He was a friend of King Abgar and lived into the reign of Antoninus Verus.
- “Antoninus Verus” is presumably Marcus Aurelius or Lucius Verus; Epiphanius’s identification is kept as written.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:338–339; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:339
ὃς πολλὰ <πρὸς> Ἀβειδὰν τὸν ἀστρονόμον κατὰ εἱμαρμένης λέγων συνελογίσατο, καὶ ἄλλα δὲ κατὰ τὴν εὐσεβῆ πίστιν ἐμφέρεται αὐτοῦ συντάγματα.
hos polla <pros> Abeidan ton astronomon kata heimarmenēs legōn synelogisato, kai alla de kata tēn eusebē pistin empheretai autou syntagmata.
He argued much against Abidas the astronomer, speaking against fate, and other treatises of his in support of the true faith are also extant.
Notes and citation
Summary: He wrote against fate and for the faith.
- This work is usually identified with the Syriac Book of the Laws of Countries (Dialogue on Fate).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:339; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:339–340
Ἀπολλωνίῳ δὲ τῷ τοῦ Ἀντωνίνου ἑταίρῳ ἀντῆρε, παραιτούμενος ἀρνήσασθαι τὸ Χριστιανὸν ἑαυτὸν λέγειν. ὁ δὲ σχεδὸν ἐν τάξει ὁμολογίας κατέστη λόγους τε συνετοὺς ἀπεκρίνατο ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας ἀνδρείως ἀπολογούμενος, θάνατον μὴ δεδιέναι φήσας, ὃν ἀνάγκῃ <ἔφη> ἔσεσθαι, κἄν τε τῷ βασιλεῖ μὴ ἀντείποι.
Apollōniǭ de tǭ tou Antōninou hetairǭ antēre, paraitoumenos arnēsasthai to Christianon heauton legein. ho de schedon en taxei homologias katestē logous te synetous apekrinato hyper eusebeias andreiōs apologoumenos, thanaton mē dedienai phēsas, hon anankę̄ <ephē> esesthai, kan te tǭ basilei mē anteipoi.
He stood up to Apollonius, the companion of Antoninus, refusing to deny that he called himself a Christian. He came close to the rank of a confessor, and gave wise answers in defense of piety, boldly declaring that he did not fear death, which, he said, would come by necessity even if he did not oppose the emperor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bardesanes nearly became a confessor before Apollonius.
Topics: Martyrdom, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:339–340; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:340
καὶ οὕτως ὁ ἀνὴρ τὰ πάντα μεγάλως ἦν κεκοσμημένος, ἕως ὅτε τῷ ἀστοχήματι τῆς ἑαυτοῦ αἱρέσεως περιέπεσε, δίκην νηὸς γεγονὼς καλλίστης φόρτον τε ἀσυνείκαστον ἐμβαλλομένης καὶ παρὰ τὰς ὄχθας τοῦ λιμένος λακισθείσης ἀπολεςάσης τε τὴν ἅπασαν πραγματείαν καὶ ἑτέροις τοῖς ἐπιβάταις θάνατον ἐμποιηςάσης.
kai houtōs ho anēr ta panta megalōs ēn kekosmēmenos, heōs hote tǭ astochēmati tēs heautou haireseōs periepese, dikēn nēos gegonōs kallistēs phorton te asyneikaston emballomenēs kai para tas ochthas tou limenos lakistheisēs apolesasēs te tēn hapasan pragmateian kai heterois tois epibatais thanaton empoiēsasēs.
And so the man was adorned greatly in all things, until he fell into the error of his own heresy, becoming like a most beautiful ship that took on an incomparable cargo and was wrecked against the banks at the harbor, losing all its freight and bringing death to its other passengers.
Notes and citation
Summary: His fall is likened to a fine ship wrecked in harbor.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:340; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 56, chapter 2
56.2.1Holl GCS 25/31:340
2. Προσφθείρεται γὰρ οὗτος Οὐαλεντίνοις καὶ ἐκ τῆς αὐτῶν μοχθηρίας ἀνιμᾶται τὸ δηλητήριον τοῦτο καὶ ζιζανιῶδες, πολλάς τε καὶ αὐτὸς ἀρχὰς καὶ προβολὰς εἰσηγηςάμενος καὶ τὴν τῶν νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν ἀρνηςάμενος ἐδογμάτισε ταύτην τὴν αἵρεσιν.
2. Prosphtheiretai gar houtos Oualentinois kai ek tēs autōn mochthērias animatai to dēlētērion touto kai zizaniōdes, pollas te kai autos archas kai probolas eisēgēsamenos kai tēn tōn nekrōn anastasin arnēsamenos edogmatise tautēn tēn hairesin.
For he joined himself, to his ruin, to the Valentinians, and from their wickedness drew up this poisonous and weedy doctrine. He too introduced many principles and emanations, and denied the resurrection of the dead; this is the heresy he taught.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bardesanes adopted Valentinian emanations and denied the resurrection.
Topics: Heresy, Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:340; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.2Holl GCS 25/31:340–341
χρῆται δὲ νόμῳ καὶ προφήταις, παλαιᾷ τε καὶ νέᾳ διαθήκῃ, καὶ ἀπο- κρύφοις τισὶν ὡσαύτως.
chrētai de nomǭ kai prophētais, palaią te kai neą diathēkę̄, kai apo- kryphois tisin hōsautōs.
He uses the Law and the Prophets, the Old and New Testaments, and certain apocryphal books as well.
Notes and citation
Summary: He used both Testaments and some apocrypha.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:340–341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.3Holl GCS 25/31:341
ἀνατραπήσεται δὲ καὶ οὗτος μετὰ πάντων τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ τε καὶ τῶν μετʼ αὐτὸν ἀπαλλοτριώσας ἑαυτὸν τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ ὡς ἀπὸ λαμπάδος πυρὸς φωτεινῆς εἰς ἀσβόλην μεταβεβλημένος.
anatrapēsetai de kai houtos meta pantōn tōn pro autou te kai tōn metʼ auton apallotriōsas heauton tēs alētheias kai hōs apo lampados pyros phōteinēs eis asbolēn metabeblēmenos.
He too will be refuted, with all those before him and after him, since he has estranged himself from the truth and been changed as from a bright torch of fire into soot.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bardesanes will be refuted like the rest.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.4Holl GCS 25/31:341
Περὶ μὲν γὰρ νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεως ἤδη ἡμῖν ἐν πολλαῖς αἱρέσεσιν εἴρηται· οὐ λυπήσει δὲ καὶ αὖθις ἐν τῇ πρὸς τοῦτον ἀνατροπῇ χρήσασθαι ὀλίγοις λόγοις. εἰ μὲν γὰρ τὴν παλαιὰν διαθήκην δέχῃ.
Peri men gar nekrōn anastaseōs ēdē hēmin en pollais hairesesin eirētai; ou lypēsei de kai authis en tę̄ pros touton anatropę̄ chrēsasthai oligois logois. ei men gar tēn palaian diathēkēn dechę̄.
About the resurrection of the dead we have already spoken in many heresies; but it will do no harm to use a few words again in the refutation of this man. If you accept the Old Testament,
Notes and citation
Summary: A brief defense of the resurrection begins.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.5Holl GCS 25/31:341
ὦ οὗτος, καὶ τὴν καινὴν ὡσαύτως. πόθεν οὐκ ἐλεγχθήσῃ παραφθείρων τὴν τῆς ἀληθείας ὁδὸν καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἀποξενῶν τῆς τοῦ κυρίου ἐν ἀληθείᾳ ζωῆς;
ō houtos, kai tēn kainēn hōsautōs. pothen ouk elenchthēsę̄ paraphtheirōn tēn tēs alētheias hodon kai heauton apoxenōn tēs tou kyriou en alētheią zōēs?
my good man, and the New as well, how will you not be convicted of corrupting the way of truth and estranging yourself from the life of the Lord in truth?
Notes and citation
Summary: Accepting both Testaments convicts him.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.6Holl GCS 25/31:341
ὅτι μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸς ὁ κύριος πρῶτος, ἵνα γένηται ἡμῖν ἀρραβὼν τῆς ἀναστάσεως καὶ πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, καὶ ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καὶ ἀνέστη, <δῆλον> καὶ οὐχ
hoti men gar autos ho kyrios prōtos, hina genētai hēmin arrabōn tēs anastaseōs kai prōtotokos ek tōn nekrōn, kai apethanen hyper hēmōn kai anestē, <dēlon> kai ouch
For it is plain that the Lord himself first, to become for us the pledge of the resurrection and the firstborn from the dead, both died for us and rose, and did not
Col 1:18 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ died and rose as the pledge of our resurrection.
Topics: Eschatology, Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.7Holl GCS 25/31:341
ἁπλῶς ἐν δοκήσει πέπονθεν· ἐτάφη γὰρ καὶ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ἐβάστασαν. καὶ μαρτυρεῖ μὲν Ἰωςὴφ ὁ ἀπὸ Ἀριμαθαίας, μαρτυροῦσι καὶ αἱ φέρουσαι μύρα εἰς τὸ μνῆμα καὶ ἡ τῶν ἑκατὸν λιτρῶν τῆς ἀλόης ὁλκή, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν δόκησις οὐδὲ φαντασία.
haplōs en dokēsei peponthen; etaphē gar kai to sōma autou ebastasan. kai martyrei men Iōsēph ho apo Arimathaias, martyrousi kai hai pherousai myra eis to mnēma kai hē tōn hekaton litrōn tēs aloēs holkē, hoti ouk ēn dokēsis oude phantasia.
suffer merely in appearance. For he was buried, and they carried his body. Joseph of Arimathea bears witness, the women bringing ointments to the tomb bear witness, and the load of a hundred pounds of aloes, that it was not appearance or illusion.
John 19:38 (allusion, high confidence) · John 19:39 (allusion, high confidence) · Luke 24:1 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ’s burial proves his death was real.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.8Holl GCS 25/31:341
μαρτυροῦσι δὲ καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι ταῖς γυναιξὶ πεφηνότες ὅτι »ἀνέστη. οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε· τί ζητεῖτε τὸν ζῶντα μετὰ τῶν νεκρῶν;«
martyrousi de kai hoi angeloi tais gynaixi pephēnotes hoti »anestē. ouk estin hōde; ti zēteite ton zōnta meta tōn nekrōn?«
The angels who appeared to the women also bear witness: “He is risen; he is not here. Why do you seek the living among the dead?”
Matt 28:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 24:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The angels testify to the resurrection.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.9Holl GCS 25/31:341
καὶ οὐκ εἶπαν ὅτι οὐκ ἀπέθανεν, ἀλλὰ ἀνέστη, ὁ πεπονθὼς ἐν σαρκί, ζῶν δὲ ἀεὶ ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀπαθὴς ὢν ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ θεότητι, ὁ ἄνωθεν ἀεὶ ἐκ πατρὸς γεγεννημένος ὑπάρχων, ὁ ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν εὐδοκήσας ἀπὸ Μαρίας τῆς παρθένου γενέσθαι ἄνθρωπος, ὡς μαρτυρεῖ Παῦλος ὀ ἅγιος λέγων »γενόμενος ἐκ γυναικός, γενόμενος ὑπὸ νόμον«.
kai ouk eipan hoti ouk apethanen, alla anestē, ho peponthōs en sarki, zōn de aei en pneumati kai apathēs ōn en tę̄ idią theotēti, ho anōthen aei ek patros gegennēmenos hyparchōn, ho epʼ eschatōn tōn hēmerōn eudokēsas apo Marias tēs parthenou genesthai anthrōpos, hōs martyrei Paulos o hagios legōn »genomenos ek gynaikos, genomenos hypo nomon«.
And they did not say that he did not die, but that he rose: he who suffered in the flesh, but always lives in the spirit and is impassible in his own Godhead, who is always begotten from above from the Father, who in the last days was pleased to become man from the Virgin Mary, as holy Paul testifies, saying, “born of a woman, born under the law.”
Gal 4:4 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The eternal Son suffered in the flesh and rose.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:341; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.10Holl GCS 25/31:341–342
ἄρα γε οὔπω ἤκουσας τοῦ ῥητοῦ τοῦ λέγοντος ὅτι »δεῖ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀφθαρςίαν καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀθαναςίαν«; ἢ οὐκ ἔπεισέ σε Ἠσαΐας ὁ προφήτης λέγων »καὶ ἀναστήσονται οἱ νεκροί, καὶ ἐγερθήσονται οἱ ἐν τοῖς μνημείοις;«, αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ κύριος λέγων ὅτι »καὶ ἐγερθήσονται μὲν οὗτοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον καὶ οὗτοι εἰς κόλασιν αἰώνιον»;
ara ge oupō ēkousas tou rhētou tou legontos hoti »dei to phtharton touto endysasthai aphtharsian kai to thnēton touto endysasthai athanasian«? ē ouk epeise se Ēsaïas ho prophētēs legōn »kai anastēsontai hoi nekroi, kai egerthēsontai hoi en tois mnēmeiois?«, autos de ho kyrios legōn hoti »kai egerthēsontai men houtoi eis zōēn aiōnion kai houtoi eis kolasin aiōnion»?
Have you not yet heard the text that says, “This corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality”? Or did not Isaiah the prophet persuade you, saying, “And the dead shall rise, and those in the tombs shall be raised”? And the Lord himself, saying, “And these shall rise to eternal life, and these to eternal punishment”?
1 Cor 15:53 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 26:19 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 25:46 (quotation, medium confidence) · John 5:29 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Paul, Isaiah, and the Lord teach bodily resurrection.
- The saying attributed to the Lord combines John 5:29 and Matt 25:46.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:341–342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.11Holl GCS 25/31:342
ἢ οὐ μέμνησαι τοῦ Ἄβελ μετὰ θάνατον τῆς πρὸς θεὸν ὁμιλίας, ὡς οὐ τὴν ψυχὴν λέγει ἐντυγχάνειν καὶ βοᾶν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, ἀλλὰ τὸ αἷμα; αἶμα δὲ οὐ ψυχὴ ὑπάρχει, ἀλλʼ ἐν τῷ αἵματι ἡ ψυχή ἐστιν.
ē ou memnēsai tou Abel meta thanaton tēs pros theon homilias, hōs ou tēn psychēn legei entynchanein kai boan pros ton theon, alla to haima? aima de ou psychē hyparchei, allʼ en tǭ haimati hē psychē estin.
Or do you not remember Abel’s converse with God after death, how Scripture does not say that the soul pleads and cries to God, but the blood? Blood is not soul, but the soul is in the blood.
Gen 4:10 (allusion, high confidence) · Lev 17:11 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Abel’s blood crying out shows the body matters.
Topics: Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.2.12Holl GCS 25/31:342
σῶμα γάρ ἐστι τὸ αἇμα ὁρατόν, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἀόρατός τις ὑπάρχουσα ἐν τῷ αἵματι ἔχει τὸν χῶρον. καὶ ἐκ πανταχόθεν ἐλήλεγκταί σου, ὦ Βαρδησιάνη. ἡ κακοπιστία. ἀνατρεπομένη ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας.
sōma gar esti to haama horaton, hē de psychē aoratos tis hyparchousa en tǭ haimati echei ton chōron. kai ek pantachothen elēlenktai sou, ō Bardēsianē. hē kakopistia. anatrepomenē ex autēs tēs alētheias.
For blood is a visible body, while the soul, being invisible, has its place in the blood. And on every side, Bardesanes, your false faith has been refuted, overturned by the truth itself.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bardesanes’ denial is refuted.
Topics: Heresy, Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.2.12 (Holl GCS 25/31:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-2-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 56, chapter 3
56.3.1Holl GCS 25/31:342
3. Περὶ δὲ πολλῶν ἀρχῶν ἐπειδήπερ πολλάκις κατὰ τῶν οὕτως λεγόντων πολλὰ εἶπον. ἐνταῦθα οὐ πολλὴν ποιοῦμαι τὴν περὶ τούτου διαλογήν, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐν <παρεκβάσει> ὑπομνήσομαι τοῦ ἁγίου ἀποστόλου φάσκοντος ὅτι »ἡμῖν εἷς θεὸς ὁ πατήρ, ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς αὐτόν, καὶ εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, διʼ οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἡμεῖς διʼ αὐτοῦ«.
3. Peri de pollōn archōn epeidēper pollakis kata tōn houtōs legontōn polla eipon. entautha ou pollēn poioumai tēn peri toutou dialogēn, allʼ hōs en <parekbasei> hypomnēsomai tou hagiou apostolou phaskontos hoti »hēmin heis theos ho patēr, ex hou ta panta kai hēmeis eis auton, kai heis kyrios Iēsous Christos, diʼ hou ta panta kai hēmeis diʼ autou«.
Since I have often said much against those who speak of many principles, I will not make a long discussion of it here, but as in a digression I will recall the holy apostle, who says, “For us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and we for him, and one Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and we through him.”
1 Cor 8:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Against many principles, 1 Cor 8:6 is cited.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.3.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.3.2Holl GCS 25/31:342
πῶς οὖν πολυθεΐα ἔσται καὶ πολλαὶ ἀρχαί, εἰ »εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, διʼ οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἡμεῖς διʼ αὐτοῦ«; ἄρα οὖν εἷς ἐστιν ὁ ποιητὴς καὶ οὐ πολλοὶ θεοὶ οὔτε πολλοὶ αἰῶνες.
pōs oun polytheïa estai kai pollai archai, ei »heis kyrios Iēsous Christos, diʼ hou ta panta kai hēmeis diʼ autou«? ara oun heis estin ho poiētēs kai ou polloi theoi oute polloi aiōnes.
How then can there be polytheism and many principles, if there is “one Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and we through him”? So there is one Maker, not many gods or many aeons.
1 Cor 8:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: One Maker excludes many gods or aeons.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.3.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.3.3Holl GCS 25/31:342
ἔφη γὰρ εἷς »εἴπερ εἰσὶ πολλοὶ θεοὶ λεγόμενοι«. τὸ δέ »λεγόμενοι« ὡς <περὶ> οὐχ ὑπαρχόντων ἀπεφήνατο· διὰ δὲ τοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων λεγομένους, οὓς ἐθεοποίησαν, ἥλιόν τε καὶ σελήνην, ἄστρα τε καὶ τὰ τούτοις ὅμοια, ἀποφηνάμενος ἀπέκλεισε πάντων τῶν πεπλανημένων τὴν διάνοιαν.
ephē gar heis »eiper eisi polloi theoi legomenoi«. to de »legomenoi« hōs <peri> ouch hyparchontōn apephēnato; dia de tous tōn Hellēnōn legomenous, hous etheopoiēsan, hēlion te kai selēnēn, astra te kai ta toutois homoia, apophēnamenos apekleise pantōn tōn peplanēmenōn tēn dianoian.
For he said, “even if there are many so-called gods.” He declared “so-called” as of things that do not exist, and because of the so-called gods of the Greeks, which they deified, sun and moon, stars and the like, by this declaration he shut out the thinking of all who have gone astray.
1 Cor 8:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: “So-called gods” are not real gods.
- εἷς is read as a slip for Paul’s subject (“he”); uncertain.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.3.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.3.4Holl GCS 25/31:342
Τῆς δὲ ὑγιοῦς πίστεως πανταχόθεν σῳζομένης, ἑδραιώμα<τος> οὔσης καὶ σωτηρίας τῶν πιστῶν, ῥᾳδίως ἡ παςῶν τῶν αἱρέσεων ἐπινενοημένη κενολεξία προσανετράπη. ὡς καὶ οὗτος ἀνατραπεὶς καὶ ἐλεεινὸν ἑαυτὸν καταστήσας καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἀποξενώσας τῆς ζωῆς.
Tēs de hygious pisteōs pantachothen sǭzomenēs, hedraiōma<tos> ousēs kai sōtērias tōn pistōn, rhądiōs hē pasōn tōn haireseōn epinenoēmenē kenolexia prosanetrapē. hōs kai houtos anatrapeis kai eleeinon heauton katastēsas kai heauton apoxenōsas tēs zōēs.
Since the sound faith is kept safe on every side, being the foundation and salvation of the faithful, the invented empty talk of all the heresies is easily overturned, as this man too has been overturned, making himself pitiable and estranging himself from life.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sound faith easily overturns the heresies.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.3.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:342; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.3.5Holl GCS 25/31:342–343
φηςὶ γὰρ ὁ προφήτης πρὸς τὴν ἁγίαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκλησίαν ὅτι »θήσομαι ἄνθρακα τὸν λίθον σου καὶ τοὺς θεμελίους σου σάπφειρον καὶ τὰ τείχη σου λίθους ἐκλεκτοὺς καὶ τὰς ἐπάλξεις σου ἴασπιν«. εἶτα ὕστερόν φησι »πᾶσα φωνὴ ἣ ἐπαναστήσεται ἐπὶ σέ. πάντας αὐτοὺς ἡττήσεις, ἐπὶ δὲ σὲ οὐ κατευοδωθήσεται«.
phēsi gar ho prophētēs pros tēn hagian tou theou ekklēsian hoti »thēsomai anthraka ton lithon sou kai tous themelious sou sappheiron kai ta teichē sou lithous eklektous kai tas epalxeis sou iaspin«. eita hysteron phēsi »pasa phōnē hē epanastēsetai epi se. pantas autous hēttēseis, epi de se ou kateuodōthēsetai«.
For the prophet says to God’s holy church, “I will make your stone carbuncle, your foundations sapphire, your walls choice stones, and your battlements jasper.” Then later he says, “Every voice that rises against you, you will defeat them all; against you it will not prosper.”
Isa 54:11 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 54:12 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 54:17 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah promises the church’s strength against every opponent.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.3.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:342–343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.3.6Holl GCS 25/31:343
οὐδὲν γὰρ κατισχύσει πρὸς τὴν τῆς ἀληθείας πίστιν. ἐπειδήπερ »ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν ᾠκοδόμηται, καὶ πύλαι Ἅιδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς«, ὡς ἐπηγγείλατο αὐτῇ ὁ ἅγιος θεὸς Λόγος, ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῆς καὶ νυμφίος καὶ κύριος αὐτῆς καὶ δεσπότης, ᾧ δόξα, τιμὴ καὶ κράτος πατρὶ ἐν υἱῷ σὺν ἁγίῳ πνεύματι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων, ἀμήν.
ouden gar katischysei pros tēn tēs alētheias pistin. epeidēper »epi tēn petran ǭkodomētai, kai pylai Haidou ou katischysousin autēs«, hōs epēngeilato autę̄ ho hagios theos Logos, ho basileus autēs kai nymphios kai kyrios autēs kai despotēs, hǭ doxa, timē kai kratos patri en huiǭ syn hagiǭ pneumati eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn, amēn.
For nothing will prevail against the faith of truth, since “it is built on the rock, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it,” as the holy God the Word promised it, its King and Bridegroom, its Lord and Master, to whom be glory, honor and might, to the Father in the Son with the Holy Spirit, for ever and ever. Amen.
Matt 16:18 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The church is built on the rock; a doxology closes.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.3.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
56.3.7Holl GCS 25/31:343
Ταύτης δὲ καὶ αὐτῆς καταπατηθείσης τῆς αἱρέσεως, * ὡς ἀπὸ τομῆς ὄφεως οὖσα κεφαλὴ καὶ ἔτι σκαρίζουσα, τῷ ξύλῳ τῆς ζωῆς παισθεῖσα, αὐτοὶ <δὲ> θεῷ εὐχαριστοῦντες ἐπὶ τὰς ἄλλας πάλιν διασκοποῦντες ἴωμεν, ἀγαπητοί.
Tautēs de kai autēs katapatētheisēs tēs haireseōs, * hōs apo tomēs opheōs ousa kephalē kai eti skarizousa, tǭ xylǭ tēs zōēs paistheisa, autoi <de> theǭ eucharistountes epi tas allas palin diaskopountes iōmen, agapētoi.
Now that this heresy too has been trampled, … like the head of a snake cut off and still writhing, struck by the tree of life, let us ourselves give thanks to God and go on again to examine the others, beloved.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epiphanius closes the section on Bardesanes.
- The edition marks a gap (*).
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 56.3.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-56-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
Haer. 57, chapter 1
57.1.1Holl GCS 25/31:343
Ετερος δὲ πάλιν μετὰ τοῦτον Νόητος ὀνόματι ἀνέστη, οὐ πρὸ ἐτῶν πλειόνων, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἀπὸ χρόνου ἐτῶν τούτων ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα πλείω ἐλάσσω, Ἀσιανὸς τῆς Ἐφέσου πόλεως ὑπάρχων·
Eteros de palin meta touton Noētos onomati anestē, ou pro etōn pleionōn, allʼ hōs apo chronou etōn toutōn hekaton triakonta pleiō elassō, Asianos tēs Ephesou poleōs hyparchōn;
After him again another arose, named Noetus, not many years ago, but some hundred and thirty years ago, more or less, an Asian from the city of Ephesus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Noetus of Asia is introduced.
- Much of Epiphanius’s account of Noetus (57.1–8) follows Hippolytus’s Against Noetus closely. Hippolytus places Noetus at Smyrna.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.1 (Holl GCS 25/31:343; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.2Holl GCS 25/31:343–344
ὃς ἀλλοτρίῳ πνεύματι φερόμενος ἠθέλησεν ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἃ μήτε προφῆται <ἐκήρυξαν> μήτε ἀπόστολοι μήτε ἐξ ὑπαρχῆς κατέσχεν ἡ ἐκκλησία μήτε ἐνενοήθη λέγειν τε καὶ διδάσκειν, αὐτὸς ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἐπάρματι μανίας ἐπαρθεὶς ἐτόλμησε λέγειν, τὸν παρέρα πεπονθέναι·
hos allotriǭ pneumati pheromenos ēthelēsen aphʼ heautou ha mēte prophētai <ekēryxan> mēte apostoloi mēte ex hyparchēs kateschen hē ekklēsia mēte enenoēthē legein te kai didaskein, autos aphʼ heautou eparmati manias epartheis etolmēse legein, ton parera peponthenai;
Carried away by an alien spirit, he wished to say and teach of his own accord what neither the prophets proclaimed nor the apostles, nor what the church held from the beginning or ever thought; lifted up by the conceit of madness, he dared of his own accord to say that the Father suffered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Noetus taught that the Father suffered.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.2 (Holl GCS 25/31:343–344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.3Holl GCS 25/31:344
ἔτι δὲ μείζονί τινι τύφῳ καὶ παραφροσύνῃ ἐνεχθεὶς ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγε Μωυσέα καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ Ἀαρών.
eti de meizoni tini typhǭ kai paraphrosynę̄ enechtheis heauton elege Mōysea kai ton adelphon autou Aarōn.
And carried away by still greater conceit and madness, he said that he himself was Moses and his brother Aaron.
Notes and citation
Summary: Noetus called himself Moses and his brother Aaron.
- Hostile report, given as Epiphanius writes it.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.3 (Holl GCS 25/31:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.4Holl GCS 25/31:344
ἀλλὰ μεταξὺ τούτων ἀπὸ τῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ ἐνηχήσεως οἱ μακάριοι πρεσβύτεροι τῆς ἐκκλησίας μετακαλεσάμενοι αὐτὸν ἐξήταζον περὶ τούτων ἁπάντων καὶ εἰ ταύτην τὴν βλασφημίαν περὶ πατρὸς προηγάγετο.
alla metaxy toutōn apo tēs peri autou enēchēseōs hoi makarioi presbyteroi tēs ekklēsias metakalesamenoi auton exētazon peri toutōn hapantōn kai ei tautēn tēn blasphēmian peri patros proēgageto.
But meanwhile, from the report about him, the blessed presbyters of the church summoned him and examined him about all these things, and whether he had put forward this blasphemy about the Father.
Notes and citation
Summary: The presbyters examined Noetus.
Topics: Church office, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.4 (Holl GCS 25/31:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.5Holl GCS 25/31:344
ὁ δὲ τὰ πρῶτα μὲν ἠρνεῖτο ἐπὶ τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου ἀγόμενος, διὰ τὸ μηδένα πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐξεμέσαι ταύτην τὴν δεινὴν καὶ ἀλετήριον πικρίαν.
ho de ta prōta men ērneito epi tou presbyteriou agomenos, dia to mēdena pro autou exemesai tautēn tēn deinēn kai aletērion pikrian.
At first, brought before the presbytery, he denied it, because no one before him had vomited out this terrible and destructive bitterness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Noetus at first denied his teaching.
Topics: Church office, Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.5 (Holl GCS 25/31:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.6Holl GCS 25/31:344
ὕστερον δέ, ἀφʼ ἧς εἶχε λύσσης εἴς τινας ἄλλος ἐμβαλὼν ὡς εἰπεῖν καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ ὥσπερ δέκα ἄνδρας ἐπαγόμενος, εἰς τῦφον μείζονα καὶ θράσος ἐπαρθεὶς τολμηρός <τε> γεγονὼς παρρησίᾳ λοιπὸν τὴν αἵρεσιν ἐδογμάτιζε.
hysteron de, aphʼ hēs eiche lyssēs eis tinas allos embalōn hōs eipein kai syn autǭ hōsper deka andras epagomenos, eis typhon meizona kai thrasos epartheis tolmēros <te> gegonōs parrēsią loipon tēn hairesin edogmatize.
But later, having infected some others, so to speak, with his madness and drawn about ten men with him, he was lifted up to greater conceit and boldness, became daring, and taught the heresy openly.
Notes and citation
Summary: With ten followers, he taught openly.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.6 (Holl GCS 25/31:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.7Holl GCS 25/31:344
πάλιν δʼ αὖ οἱ αὐτοὶ πρεσβύτεροι προσκαλεσάμενοι αὐτόν τε καὶ τοὺς προσφθαρέντας αὐτῷ ἀνθρώπους περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν πάλιν ἠρώτων.
palin dʼ au hoi autoi presbyteroi proskalesamenoi auton te kai tous prosphtharentas autǭ anthrōpous peri tōn autōn palin ērōtōn.
Again the same presbyters summoned him and the men who had been corrupted with him, and questioned them again about the same matters.
Notes and citation
Summary: The presbyters questioned him again.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.7 (Holl GCS 25/31:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.8Holl GCS 25/31:344
ὁ δὲ ἅμα τοῖς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ πεπλανημένοις ὑποτρίψας τὸ μέτωπον λοιπὸν παρρησίᾳ ἀντέλεγε, φάσκων ὅτι »τί γὰρ κακὸν πεποίηκα ὅτι ἕνα θεὸν δοξάζω; ἕνα θεὸν ἐπίσταμαι καὶ οὐκ ἄλλον πλὴν αὐτοῦ, γεννηθέντα πεπονθότα ἀποθανόντα«.
ho de hama tois hypʼ autou peplanēmenois hypotripsas to metōpon loipon parrēsią antelege, phaskōn hoti »ti gar kakon pepoiēka hoti hena theon doxazō? hena theon epistamai kai ouk allon plēn autou, gennēthenta peponthota apothanonta«.
But he, with those he had led astray, brazenly contradicted them openly, saying, “What evil have I done in glorifying one God? I know one God and no other besides him, who was born, suffered, and died.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Noetus defended himself as glorifying one God who suffered.
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.8 (Holl GCS 25/31:344; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.9Holl GCS 25/31:344–345
ὡς οὖν ἐν τούτοις ἔμενεν, ἐξέωσαν αὐτὸν τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἅμα τοῖς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἴδιον δόγμα μεμαθητευμένοις. ἐτελεύτα δὲ αὐτὸς ἔναγχος ἅμα τῷ ἰδίῳ ἀδελφῷ, oὐχ ὡς Μωυσῆς ἐν δόξῃ οὐδὲ ὁ αὐτοῦ ἀδελφὸς ὡς Ἀαρὼν ἐν τιμῇ ἐτάφη. ἐρρίφησαν γὰρ ὡς παραβάται καὶ οὐδεὶς αὐτοὺς τῶν θεοσε- βῶν περιέστειλε.
hōs oun en toutois emenen, exeōsan auton tēs ekklēsias hama tois hypʼ autou eis to idion dogma memathēteumenois. eteleuta de autos enanchos hama tǭ idiǭ adelphǭ, oych hōs Mōysēs en doxę̄ oude ho autou adelphos hōs Aarōn en timę̄ etaphē. erriphēsan gar hōs parabatai kai oudeis autous tōn theose- bōn periesteile.
Since he persisted in this, they expelled him from the church together with those he had made disciples of his own doctrine. He died recently together with his own brother; he was not buried in glory like Moses, nor his brother in honor like Aaron. They were cast out as transgressors, and none of the godly laid them out for burial.
Notes and citation
Summary: Noetus was expelled and died without honorable burial.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.9 (Holl GCS 25/31:344–345; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.10Holl GCS 25/31:345
μετὰ τοῦτο οἱ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ τὸν νοῦν φθαρέντες ἐκράτυναν τουτὶ τὸ δόγμα, τούτος τοῖς ῥητοῖς ὑπαχθέντες οἶς καὶ ὁ αὐτῶν κακοδιδάσκαλος ἐξ ἀρχῆς.
meta touto hoi hypʼ autou ton noun phtharentes ekratynan touti to dogma, toutos tois rhētois hypachthentes ois kai ho autōn kakodidaskalos ex archēs.
After this those whose minds he had corrupted strengthened this doctrine, led on by the same texts as their evil teacher from the beginning.
Notes and citation
Summary: His followers continued his doctrine.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.10 (Holl GCS 25/31:345; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.11Holl GCS 25/31:345
ὄτε γὰρ ἐρωτώμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου ἔφη ἔνα θεὸν δοξάζειν, ἤκουε παρʼ αὐτῶν φιλαλήδως ὄτι ἐνα θεὸν δοξάζομεν καὶ αὐτοί, ἀλλʼ ὡς οἴ δαμεν δικαίως δοξάζειν·
ote gar erōtōmenos apo tou presbyteriou ephē ena theon doxazein, ēkoue parʼ autōn philalēdōs oti ena theon doxazomen kai autoi, allʼ hōs oi damen dikaiōs doxazein;
For when, questioned by the presbytery, he said that he glorified one God, he heard from them in truth: “We too glorify one God, but as we know how to glorify him rightly;
Notes and citation
Summary: The presbyters answered that they too worship one God, rightly.
- φιλαλήδως is read as φιλαλήθως (“in truth”).
Topics: Trinity
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.11 (Holl GCS 25/31:345; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.
57.1.12Holl GCS 25/31:345
καὶ ἔνα Χριστὸν ἔχομεν, ἀλλʼ ὡς οἴδαμεν ἔνα Χριστόν, υἱὸν θεοῦ, παθόντα καθὼς ἔπαθεν, ἀποθανόντα καθὼς ἀπέθανεν, ἀναστάντα, ἀνελθόντα εἰς τὸν οὐρανὀν, ὄντα ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ πατρός, ἐρχόμενον κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς. ταῦτα λέγομεν μεμαθηκότες ἀπὸ τῶν θείων γραφῶν, ἄ καὶ ἐπιστάμεθα.
kai ena Christon echomen, allʼ hōs oidamen ena Christon, huion theou, pathonta kathōs epathen, apothanonta kathōs apethanen, anastanta, anelthonta eis ton ouranon, onta en dexią tou patros, erchomenon krinai zōntas kai nekrous. tauta legomen memathēkotes apo tōn theiōn graphōn, a kai epistametha.
and we hold one Christ, but as we know one Christ, the Son of God, who suffered as he suffered, died as he died, rose, ascended into heaven, is at the right hand of the Father, and comes to judge the living and the dead. These things we say, having learned them from the divine Scriptures, and we know them.”
Notes and citation
Summary: The presbyters confess the rule of faith about Christ.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Epiphanius, Pan. 57.1.12 (Holl GCS 25/31:345; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/epiphanius-panarion/55-3-1/#p-57-1-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
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Translation: Translated by Claude from Holl's Greek text (GCS 25, 1915; GCS 31, 1922); no public-domain English or FOTC translation exists, so each batch was re-read against the Greek.