1 Esdras in the early church
[in EO, ETH canons]
Texts outside the 66 books of the Protestant Bible. A bracket shows which other churches include a book in their Old Testament canon: RC = Roman Catholic, EO = Eastern Orthodox, ETH = Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo.
In an appendix of the Latin Vulgate (as 3 Esdras), not in the Roman Catholic canon.
Not the same as LXX 2 Esdras (= Ezra–Nehemiah) or Vulgate 1 Esdras (= Ezra).
16 passages cite it, in date order.
| Passage | Cites | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miscellanies 1.21.124 · Clement of Alexandria | 3–4 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.10.81 · Clement of Alexandria | 4.38 | echo, low confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Commentary on John 6.5 · Origen | 3.1-4.63 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Homilies on Joshua 9.10 · Origen | 4.59 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| On the Singleness of Clerics 37 · Anonymous | 4.35 | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Letter 74.9 · Cyprian of Carthage | 4.38-40 | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Oration II Against the Arians 20 · Athanasius of Alexandria | 4.36 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Canon 60 · Anonymous | — | allusion, low confidence | ca. 343–381 |
| On the Opinion of Dionysius 24 · Athanasius of Alexandria | 4.40 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350–356 |
| Defence before Constantius 11 · Athanasius of Alexandria | 4.41 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 353–357 |
| Defence before Constantius 17 · Athanasius of Alexandria | 5.47 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 353–357 |
| Letter 65.4 · Jerome | 4.59 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Letter 133.13 · Jerome | 1.28 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| On Christian Doctrine 2.8 · Augustine of Hippo | — | allusion, low confidence | Books 1–3 ca. 396–397; completed 426–427 |
| Canon 47 · Anonymous | — | allusion, low confidence | 397 |
| City of God 18.36 · Augustine of Hippo | 3.1-4.41 | allusion, high confidence | 413–426 |