Second Apology 9

Summary: The threat of eternal punishment is not a scare tactic: without judgment there would be no God who cares, and no virtue or vice.

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Greek text · Rauschen, 126–128

Ἵνα δὲ μή τις εἴπῃ τὸ λεγόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν νομιζομένων φιλοσόφων, ὅτι κόμποι καὶ φόβητρά ἐστι τὰ λεγόμενα ὑφʼ ἡμῶν ὅτι κολάζονται ἐν αἰωνίῳ πυρὶ οἱ ἄδικοι, καὶ διὰ φόβον ἀλλʼ οὐ διὰ τὸ καλὸν εἶναι καὶ ἀρεστὸν ἐναρέτως βιοῦν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀξιοῦμεν, βραχυεπῶς πρὸς τοῦτο ἀποκρινοῦμαι, ὅτι, εἰ μὴ τοῦτό ἐστιν, οὔτε ἔστι θεός, ἤ, εἰ ἔστιν, οὐ μέλει αὐτῷ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ οὐδέν ἐστιν ἀρετὴ οὐδὲ κακία, καί, ὡς προέφημεν, ἀδίκως τιμωροῦσιν οἱ νομοθέται τοὺς παραβαίνοντας τὰ διατεταγμένα καλά. Ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄδικοι ἐκεῖνοι καὶ ὁ αὐτῶν πατήρ, τὰ αὐτὰ αὐτῷ πράττειν διὰ τοῦ λόγου διδάσκων, οἱ τούτοις συντιθέμενοι οὐκ ἄδικοι. Ἐὰν δέ τις τοὺς διαφόρους νόμους τῶν ἀνθρώπων προβάληται, λέγων, ὅτι παρʼ οἷς μὲν ἀνθρώποις τάδε καλά, τάδε αἰσχρὰ νενόμισται, παρʼ ἄλλοις δὲ τὰ παρʼ ἐκείνοις αἰσχρὰ καλά, καὶ τὰ καλὰ αἰσχρὰ νομίζεται, ἀκουέτω καὶ τῶν εἰς τοῦτο λεγομένων. Καὶ νόμους διατάξασθαι τῇ ἑαυτῶν κακίᾳ ὁμοίους τοὺς πονηροὺς ἀγγέλους ἐπιστάμεθα, οἷς χαίρουσιν οἱ ὅμοιοι γενόμενοι ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ὀρθὸς λόγος παρελθὼν οὐ πάσας δόξας οὐδὲ πάντα δόγματα καλὰ ἀποδείκνυσιν, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν φαῦλα, τὰ δὲ ἀγαθά· ὥστε μοι καὶ πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ τὰ ὅμοια εἰρήσεται, καὶ λεχθήσεται διὰ πλειόνων, ἐὰν χρεία ᾖ. Τανῦν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ προκείμενον ἀνέρχομαι.

English · Claude translation

And so that no one may say what is said by those who are thought to be philosophers, that our saying that the unjust are punished in eternal fire is mere boasting and a bogey, and that we want people to live virtuously through fear and not because it is good and pleasing, I will answer this briefly: if this is not so, either there is no God, or, if there is, he does not care for men, and neither virtue nor vice is anything, and, as we said before, lawgivers unjustly punish those who transgress good ordinances. But since these are not unjust, nor is their Father, who teaches them through the Word to do the same things as himself, those who agree with them are not unjust. And if anyone brings up the different laws of men, saying that among some men these things are thought good and those shameful, while among others what is shameful to the first is good, and what is good is thought shameful, let him hear what is said to this too. We know that the wicked angels laid down laws like their own wickedness, in which men who have become like them take pleasure; and right reason, when it came, shows that not all opinions nor all teachings are good, but some evil and some good; so that to such people I will say the same things and things like them, and will say more if there is need. But now I return to the subject.

About this passage

Source
Rauschen, 126–128 · Gerhard Rauschen, ed., S. Iustini Apologiae duae, Florilegium Patristicum 2 (Bonn: Hanstein, 1911), 114–136 · Greek text: G. Rauschen, S. Iustini Apologiae duae (Florilegium Patristicum 2, 1911), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Rauschen, FlorPatr 2. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Rauschen (Florilegium Patristicum 2, 1911); made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made) · Its chapter order differs: our 3–7 are its 4–8, our 8 is its 3.
Topics
Eschatology, Ethics

Notes

Translation notes

  • This chapter has the same number in older editions and in ANF.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (digitization slip (missing elision mark); digitization slip against Rauschen's printed text (doubled letter); digitization slip against Rauschen's printed text (wrong vowel); digitization slips against Rauschen's printed text (missing accents)): Ἰνα δὲ μή τις εἰπῃ → Ἵνα δὲ μή τις εἴπῃ; ὑφ ἡμῶν → ὑφʼ ἡμῶν; τὰ αὐτὸ αὐτῷ → τὰ αὐτὰ αὐτῷ; ἀγγέλλους → ἀγγέλους.

Cite this passage

Justin, 2 Apol. 9 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-2-apology/9/).

Plain text
Justin, 2 Apol. 9 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-2-apology/9/).

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