Dialogue with Trypho 12.1–21.4
Greek text: Archambault (Greek text: G. Archambault, Justin: Dialogue avec Tryphon (Paris, 1909), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0). Compare: Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1 (1885).
Chapter 12
12.1Archambault 1:54–56
Ἔλεγον δὲ ἔτι καὶ προσέφερον ὅτι καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις λόγοις Ἡσαΐας βοᾷ· Ἀκούσατέ μου τοὺς λόγους, καὶ ζήσεται ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν, καὶ διαθήσομαι ὑμῖν διαθήκην αἰώνιον, τὰ ὅσια Δαυῒδ τὰ πιστά. Ἰδοὺ μάρτυρα αὐτὸν ἔθνεσι δέδωκα. Ἔθνη, ἃ οὐκ οἴδασί σε, ἐπικαλέσονταί σε, λαοί, οἳ οὐκ ἐπίστανταί σε, καταφεύξονται ἐπὶ σέ, ἕνεκεν τοῦ θεοῦ σου τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰσραήλ, ὅτι ἐδόξασέ σε.
Elegon de eti kai prosepheron hoti kai en allois logois Hēsaïas boą; Akousate mou tous logous, kai zēsetai hē psychē hymōn, kai diathēsomai hymin diathēkēn aiōnion, ta hosia Dauïd ta pista. Idou martyra auton ethnesi dedōka. Ethnē, ha ouk oidasi se, epikalesontai se, laoi, hoi ouk epistantai se, katapheuxontai epi se, heneken tou theou sou tou hagiou Israēl, hoti edoxase se.
And I went on to add that in other words too Isaiah cries: “‘Hear my words, and your soul shall live, and I will make with you an everlasting covenant, the sure holy things of David. Behold, I have given him as a witness to the nations. Nations that do not know you shall call on you; peoples who do not know you shall flee to you, because of your God, the Holy One of Israel, for he has glorified you.’
Isa 55:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah foretells an everlasting covenant to which the nations will come.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): Ἔθνη, ἅ οὐκ → Ἔθνη, ἃ οὐκ.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 12.1 (Archambault 1:54–56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-12-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
12.2Archambault 1:56
Τοῦτον αὐτὸν ὑμεῖς ἠτιμώσατε τὸν νόμον καὶ τὴν καινὴν ἁγίαν αὐτοῦ διαθήκην ἐφαυλίσατε, καὶ οὐδὲ νῦν παραδέχεσθε οὐδὲ μετανοεῖτε πράξαντες κακῶς. Ἔτι γὰρ τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν πέφρακται, οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὑμῶν πεπήρωνται, καὶ πεπάχυται ἡ καρδία. Κέκραγεν Ἱερεμίας, καὶ οὐδʼ οὕτως ἀκούετε· πάρεστιν ὁ νομοθέτης, καὶ οὐκ ὁρᾶτε· πτωχοὶ εὐαγγελίζονται, τυφλοὶ βλέπουσι, καὶ οὐ συνίετε.
Touton auton hymeis ētimōsate ton nomon kai tēn kainēn hagian autou diathēkēn ephaulisate, kai oude nyn paradechesthe oude metanoeite praxantes kakōs. Eti gar ta ōta hymōn pephraktai, hoi ophthalmoi hymōn pepērōntai, kai pepachytai hē kardia. Kekragen Hieremias, kai oudʼ houtōs akouete; parestin ho nomothetēs, kai ouk horate; ptōchoi euangelizontai, typhloi blepousi, kai ou syniete.
“This very law you have dishonored, and his new holy covenant you have despised, and even now you do not accept it or repent of your evil deeds. For your ears are still stopped, your eyes are blinded, and your heart is made fat. Jeremiah has cried out, and even so you do not hear; the lawgiver is present, and you do not see; the poor have the gospel preached to them, the blind see, and you do not understand.
Isa 6:10 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 11:5 (allusion, high confidence) · Luke 7:22 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Jews have rejected the new covenant, though its lawgiver has come.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 12.2 (Archambault 1:56; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-12-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
12.3Archambault 1:56–58
Δευτέρας ἤδη χρεία περιτομῆς, καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐπὶ τῇ σαρκὶ μέγα φρονεῖτε. Σαββατίζειν ὑμᾶς ὁ καινὸς νόμος διὰ παντὸς ἐθέλει, καὶ ὑμεῖς μίαν ἀργοῦντες ἡμέραν εὐσεβεῖν δοκεῖτε, μὴ νοοῦντες διὰ τί ὑμῖν προσετάγη· καὶ ἐὰν ἄζυμον ἄρτον φάγητε, πεπληρωκέναι τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ φατέ. Οὐκ ἐν τούτοις εὐδοκεῖ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν. Εἴ τις ἐστὶν ἐν ὑμῖν ἐπίορκος ἢ κλέπτης, παυσάσθω· εἴ τις μοιχός, μετανοησάτω, καὶ σεσαββάτικε τὰ τρυφερὰ καὶ ἀληθινὰ σάββατα τοῦ θεοῦ· εἴ τις καθαρὰς οὐκ ἔχει χεῖρας, λουσάσθω, καὶ καθαρός ἐστιν.
Deuteras ēdē chreia peritomēs, kai hymeis epi tę̄ sarki mega phroneite. Sabbatizein hymas ho kainos nomos dia pantos ethelei, kai hymeis mian argountes hēmeran eusebein dokeite, mē noountes dia ti hymin prosetagē; kai ean azymon arton phagēte, peplērōkenai to thelēma tou theou phate. Ouk en toutois eudokei kyrios ho theos hēmōn. Ei tis estin en hymin epiorkos ē kleptēs, pausasthō; ei tis moichos, metanoēsatō, kai sesabbatike ta tryphera kai alēthina sabbata tou theou; ei tis katharas ouk echei cheiras, lousasthō, kai katharos estin.
“There is now need of a second circumcision, and you pride yourselves on the flesh. The new law wants you to keep Sabbath continually, and you think you are pious when you are idle for one day, not understanding why it was commanded you; and if you eat unleavened bread, you say you have fulfilled the will of God. The Lord our God does not take pleasure in these things. If anyone among you is a perjurer or a thief, let him stop; if anyone is an adulterer, let him repent; and he has kept the delightful and true Sabbaths of God. If anyone does not have clean hands, let him wash, and he is clean.
Isa 58:13 (echo, medium confidence) · Isa 1:16 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The true Sabbath is a life of repentance; the true circumcision is of the heart.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (missing accent)): φατε → φατέ.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 12.3 (Archambault 1:56–58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-12-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 13
13.1Archambault 1:58
Οὐ γὰρ δή γε εἰς βαλανεῖον ὑμᾶς ἔπεμπεν Ἡσαίας ἀπολουσομένους ἐκεῖ τὸν φόνον καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἁμαρτίας, οὓς οὐδὲ τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης ἱκανὸν πᾶν ὕδωρ καθαρίσαι, ἀλλά, ὡς εἰκός, πάλαι τοῦτο ἐκεῖνο τὸ σωτήριον λουτρὸν ἦν, ὃ εἶπε, τὸ τοῖς μεταγινώσκουσι καὶ μηκέτι αἵμασι τράγων καὶ προβάτων ἢ σποδῷ δαμάλεως ἢ σεμιδάλεως προσφοραῖς καθαριζομένοις, ἀλλὰ πίστει διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ, ὃς διὰ τοῦτο ἀπέθανεν, ὡς αὐτὸς Ἡσαΐας ἔφη, οὕτως λέγων·
Ou gar dē ge eis balaneion hymas epempen Hēsaias apolousomenous ekei ton phonon kai tas allas hamartias, hous oude to tēs thalassēs hikanon pan hydōr katharisai, alla, hōs eikos, palai touto ekeino to sōtērion loutron ēn, ho eipe, to tois metaginōskousi kai mēketi haimasi tragōn kai probatōn ē spodǭ damaleōs ē semidaleōs prosphorais katharizomenois, alla pistei dia tou haimatos tou Christou kai tou thanatou autou, hos dia touto apethanen, hōs autos Hēsaïas ephē, houtōs legōn;
“For Isaiah did not send you to a bath-house to wash away there murder and your other sins, which not even all the water of the sea could cleanse; but, as is reasonable, this was of old that saving washing which he spoke of, for those who repent and are cleansed no longer by the blood of goats and sheep, or the ashes of a heifer, or offerings of fine flour, but by faith through the blood of Christ and his death, who died for this reason, as Isaiah himself said, speaking thus:
Isa 1:16 (allusion, high confidence) · Heb 9:13 (echo, medium confidence) · Heb 10:4 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The washing Isaiah speaks of is not a ritual bath but the saving washing of faith through Christ's blood.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.1 (Archambault 1:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
13.2Archambault 1:58
Ἀποκαλύψει κύριος τὸν βραχίονα αὐτοῦ τὸν ἅγιον ἐνώπιον πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ ὄψονται πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ τὰ ἄκρα τῆς γῆς τὴν σωτηρίαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. Ἀπόστητε, ἀπόστητε, ἀπόστητε, ἐξέλθετε ἐκεῖθεν καὶ ἀκαθάρτου μὴ ἅψησθε, ἐξέλθετε ἐκ μέσου αὐτῆς, ἀφορίσθητε οἱ φέροντες τὰ σκεύη κυρίου, ὅτι οὐ μετὰ ταραχῆς πορεύεσθε· πορεύσεται γὰρ πρὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν κύριος, καὶ ὁ ἐπισυνάγων ὑμᾶς κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ἰσραήλ. Ἰδοὺ συνήσει ὁ παῖς μου, καὶ ὑψωθήσεται καὶ δοξασθήσεται σφόδρα.
Apokalypsei kyrios ton brachiona autou ton hagion enōpion pantōn tōn ethnōn, kai opsontai panta ta ethnē kai ta akra tēs gēs tēn sōtērian tēn para tou theou. Apostēte, apostēte, apostēte, exelthete ekeithen kai akathartou mē hapsēsthe, exelthete ek mesou autēs, aphoristhēte hoi pherontes ta skeuē kyriou, hoti ou meta tarachēs poreuesthe; poreusetai gar pro prosōpou hymōn kyrios, kai ho episynagōn hymas kyrios ho theos Israēl. Idou synēsei ho pais mou, kai hypsōthēsetai kai doxasthēsetai sphodra.
“‘The Lord will reveal his holy arm before all the nations, and all the nations and the ends of the earth will see the salvation that is from God. Depart, depart, depart, go out from there, and touch no unclean thing; go out from the midst of her; be separate, you who carry the vessels of the Lord, for you do not go in haste; for the Lord will go before your face, and the one who gathers you is the Lord, the God of Israel. Behold, my servant will understand, and will be exalted and greatly glorified.
Isa 52:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 52:11 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 52:12 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 52:13 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin quotes Isa 52:10–13.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.2 (Archambault 1:58; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
13.3Archambault 1:58–60
Ὃν τρόπον ἐκστήσονται πολλοὶ ἐπὶ σέ, οὕτως ἀδοξήσει ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπων τὸ εἶδος καὶ ἡ δόξα σου, οὕτως θαυμασθήσονται ἔθνη πολλὰ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, καὶ συνέξουσι βασιλεῖς τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν· ὅτι οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ αὐτοῦ ὄψονται, καὶ οἳ οὐκ ἀκηκόασι συνήσουσι. Κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσε τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν; Καὶ ὁ βραχίων κυρίου τίνι ἀπεκαλύφθη; Ἀνηγγείλαμεν ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ὡς παιδίον, ὡς ῥίζα ἐν γῇ διψώσῃ.
Hon tropon ekstēsontai polloi epi se, houtōs adoxēsei apo anthrōpōn to eidos kai hē doxa sou, houtōs thaumasthēsontai ethnē polla epʼ autǭ, kai synexousi basileis to stoma autōn; hoti hois ouk anēngelē peri autou opsontai, kai hoi ouk akēkoasi synēsousi. Kyrie, tis episteuse tę̄ akoę̄ hēmōn? Kai ho brachiōn kyriou tini apekalyphthē? Anēngeilamen enantion autou hōs paidion, hōs rhiza en gę̄ dipsōsę̄.
“‘As many will be astonished at you, so will your form be without glory from men, and your glory; so will many nations marvel at him, and kings will shut their mouths; for those to whom it was not announced about him will see, and those who have not heard will understand. Lord, who has believed our report? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? We announced before him like a child, like a root in a thirsty land.
Isa 52:14 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 52:15 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:1 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:2 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 52:14–53:2.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.3 (Archambault 1:58–60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
13.4Archambault 1:60
Οὐκ ἔστιν εἶδος αὐτῷ οὐδὲ δόξα· καὶ εἴδομεν αὐτόν, καὶ οὐκ εἶχεν εἶδος οὐδὲ κάλλος, ἀλλὰ τὸ εἶδος αὐτοῦ ἄτιμον, ἐκλεῖπον παρὰ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Ἄνθρωπος ἐν πληγῇ ὢν καὶ εἰδὼς φέρειν μαλακίαν, ὅτι ἀπέστραπται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ, ἠτιμάσθη καὶ οὐκ ἐλογίσθη. Οὗτος τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν φέρει καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν ὀδυνᾶται, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐλογισάμεθα αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ καὶ ἐν πληγῇ καὶ ἐν κακώσει.
Ouk estin eidos autǭ oude doxa; kai eidomen auton, kai ouk eichen eidos oude kallos, alla to eidos autou atimon, ekleipon para tous huious tōn anthrōpōn. Anthrōpos en plēgę̄ ōn kai eidōs pherein malakian, hoti apestraptai to prosōpon autou, ētimasthē kai ouk elogisthē. Houtos tas hamartias hēmōn pherei kai peri hēmōn odynatai, kai hēmeis elogisametha auton einai en ponǭ kai en plēgę̄ kai en kakōsei.
“‘He has no form nor glory; and we saw him, and he had no form nor beauty, but his form was without honor, failing beyond the sons of men. A man in affliction, and knowing how to bear sickness, because his face was turned away, he was dishonored and not esteemed. He bears our sins and suffers pain for us, and we reckoned him to be in toil and in affliction and in mistreatment.
Isa 53:2 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:4 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 53:2–4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): ἠτιμάσθη καἰ οὐκ → ἠτιμάσθη καὶ οὐκ.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.4 (Archambault 1:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
13.5Archambault 1:60
Οὗτος δὲ ἐτραυματίσθη διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν καὶ μεμαλάκισται διὰ τὰς ἀνομίας ἡμῶν· παιδεία εἰρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπʼ αὐτόν, τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς ἰάθημεν. Πάντες ὡς πρόβατα ἐπλανήθημεν, ἄνθρωπος τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτοῦ ἐπλανήθη. Καὶ κύριος παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἡμῶν καὶ αὐτὸς διὰ τὸ κεκακῶσθαι οὐκ ἀνοίγει τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ. Ὡς πρόβατον εἰς σφαγὴν ἤχθη· καὶ ὡς ἀμνὸς ἐναντίον τοῦ κείροντος ἄφωνος, οὕτως οὐκ ἀνοίγει τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ.
Houtos de etraumatisthē dia tas hamartias hēmōn kai memalakistai dia tas anomias hēmōn; paideia eirēnēs hēmōn epʼ auton, tǭ mōlōpi autou hēmeis iathēmen. Pantes hōs probata eplanēthēmen, anthrōpos tę̄ hodǭ autou eplanēthē. Kai kyrios paredōken auton tais hamartiais hēmōn kai autos dia to kekakōsthai ouk anoigei to stoma autou. Hōs probaton eis sphagēn ēchthē; kai hōs amnos enantion tou keirontos aphōnos, houtōs ouk anoigei to stoma autou.
“‘But he was wounded for our sins, and bruised for our transgressions; the chastisement of our peace was upon him; by his stripes we were healed. All we like sheep went astray; each man went astray in his own way. And the Lord handed him over for our sins; and he, because he was afflicted, does not open his mouth. He was led like a sheep to the slaughter, and like a lamb silent before its shearer, so he does not open his mouth.
Isa 53:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:7 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 53:5–7.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): οὐκ ἁνοίγει → οὐκ ἀνοίγει.
Topics: Scripture and canon, Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.5 (Archambault 1:60; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
13.6Archambault 1:60–62
Ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ ἡ κρίσις αὐτοῦ ᾔρθη. Τὴν δὲ γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται; Ὅτι αἴρεται ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνομιῶν τοῦ λαοῦ μου ἥκει εἰς θάνατον. Καὶ δώσω τοὺς πονηροὺς ἀντὶ τῆς ταφῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς πλουσίους ἀντὶ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἀνομίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν καὶ οὐχ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ. Καὶ κύριος βούλεται καθαρίσαι αὐτὸν τῆς πληγῆς. Ἐὰν δῶτε περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν ὄψεται σπέρμα μακρόβιον.
En tę̄ tapeinōsei autou hē krisis autou ę̄rthē. Tēn de genean autou tis diēgēsetai? Hoti airetai apo tēs gēs hē zōē autou, apo tōn anomiōn tou laou mou hēkei eis thanaton. Kai dōsō tous ponērous anti tēs taphēs autou kai tous plousious anti tou thanatou autou, hoti anomian ouk epoiēsen kai ouch heurethē dolos en tǭ stomati autou. Kai kyrios bouletai katharisai auton tēs plēgēs. Ean dōte peri tēs hamartias, hē psychē hymōn opsetai sperma makrobion.
“‘In his humiliation his judgment was taken away. And who will tell his generation? For his life is taken away from the earth; because of the lawless deeds of my people he came to death. And I will give the wicked for his burial and the rich for his death; for he did no lawlessness, nor was deceit found in his mouth. And the Lord wills to cleanse him from his wound. If you give an offering for sin, your soul will see a long-lived seed.
Isa 53:8 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:9 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:10 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 53:8–10.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.6 (Archambault 1:60–62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
13.7Archambault 1:62
Καὶ βούλεται κύριος ἀφελεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ πόνου τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, δεῖξαι αὐτῷ φῶς, καὶ πλάσαι τῇ συνέσει, δικαιῶσαι δίκαιον εὖ δουλεύοντα πολλοῖς. Καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνοίσει. Διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸς κληρονομήσει πολλούς, καὶ τῶν ἰσχυρῶν μεριεῖ σκύλα, ἀνθʼ ὧν παρεδόθη εἰς θάνατον ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀνόμοις ἐλογίσθη, καὶ αὐτὸς ἁμαρτίας πολλῶν ἀνήνεγκε καὶ διὰ τὰς ἀνομίας αὐτῶν παρεδόθη.
Kai bouletai kyrios aphelein apo tou ponou tēs psychēs autou, deixai autǭ phōs, kai plasai tę̄ synesei, dikaiōsai dikaion eu douleuonta pollois. Kai tas hamartias hēmōn autos anoisei. Dia touto autos klēronomēsei pollous, kai tōn ischyrōn meriei skyla, anthʼ hōn paredothē eis thanaton hē psychē autou, kai en tois anomois elogisthē, kai autos hamartias pollōn anēnenke kai dia tas anomias autōn paredothē.
“‘And the Lord wills to take away his soul from toil, to show him light and to form him with understanding, to justify the righteous one who serves many well. And he himself will bear our sins. Therefore he will inherit many and divide the spoils of the strong, because his soul was handed over to death, and he was counted among the lawless; and he bore the sins of many, and was handed over for their lawless deeds.
Isa 53:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:11 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 53:12 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 53:10–12.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): δίκαιον εὗ δουλεύοντα → δίκαιον εὖ δουλεύοντα; ὲν τοῖς ἀνόμοις → ἐν τοῖς ἀνόμοις.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.7 (Archambault 1:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
13.8Archambault 1:62
Εὐφράνθητι στεῖρα ἡ οὐ τίκτουσα, ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα, ὅτι πολλὰ τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα. Εἶπε γὰρ κύριος· Πλάτυνον τὸν τόπον τῆς σκηνῆς σου καὶ τῶν αὐλαιῶν σου, πῆξον, μὴ φείσῃ, μάκρυνον τὰ σχοινίσματά σου καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους σου κατίσχυσον, εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀριστερὰ ἐκπέτασον· καὶ τὸ σπέρμα σου ἔθνη κληρονομήσει, καὶ πόλεις ἠρημωμένας κατοικιεῖς.
Euphranthēti steira hē ou tiktousa, rhēxon kai boēson hē ouk ōdinousa, hoti polla ta tekna tēs erēmou mallon ē tēs echousēs ton andra. Eipe gar kyrios; Platynon ton topon tēs skēnēs sou kai tōn aulaiōn sou, pēxon, mē pheisę̄, makrynon ta schoinismata sou kai tous passalous sou katischyson, eis ta dexia kai eis ta aristera ekpetason; kai to sperma sou ethnē klēronomēsei, kai poleis ērēmōmenas katoikieis.
“‘Rejoice, barren one who does not bear; break forth and cry, you who are not in labor; for many are the children of the desolate, more than of her who has the husband. For the Lord said: Enlarge the place of your tent and of your curtains; fix them, do not spare; lengthen your cords and strengthen your stakes; spread out to the right and to the left; and your seed shall inherit the nations, and you shall inhabit desolate cities.
Isa 54:1 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 54:2 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 54:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 54:1–3.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.8 (Archambault 1:62; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
13.9Archambault 1:62–64
Μὴ φοβοῦ ὅτι κατῃσχύνθης, μηδὲ ἐντραπῇς ὅτι ὠνειδίσθης, ὅτι αἰσχύνην αἰώνιον ἐπιλήσῃ καὶ ὄνειδος τῆς χηρείας σου οὐ μνῃσθήσῃ· ὅτι κύριος ἐποίησεν ὄνομα ἑαυτῷ, καὶ ὁ ῥυσάμενός σε, αὐτὸς θεὸς Ἰσραήλ, πάσῃ τῇ γῇ κληθήσεται. Ὡς γυναῖκα καταλελειμμένην καὶ ὀλιγόψυχον κέκληκέ σε ὁ κύριος, ὡς γυναῖκα ἐκ νεότητος μεμισημένην.
Mē phobou hoti katę̄schynthēs, mēde entrapę̄s hoti ōneidisthēs, hoti aischynēn aiōnion epilēsę̄ kai oneidos tēs chēreias sou ou mnę̄sthēsę̄; hoti kyrios epoiēsen onoma heautǭ, kai ho rhysamenos se, autos theos Israēl, pasę̄ tę̄ gę̄ klēthēsetai. Hōs gynaika kataleleimmenēn kai oligopsychon keklēke se ho kyrios, hōs gynaika ek neotētos memisēmenēn.
“‘Do not fear because you have been put to shame, nor be confounded because you have been reproached; for you will forget your everlasting shame, and will not remember the reproach of your widowhood; for the Lord has made a name for himself, and he who delivered you, the God of Israel himself, shall be called so in all the earth. As a woman forsaken and faint-hearted the Lord has called you, as a woman hated from her youth.’”
Isa 54:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 54:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 54:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 54:4–6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (dropped letter)): Ἰραήλ → Ἰσραήλ.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 13.9 (Archambault 1:62–64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-13-9).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 14
14.1Archambault 1:64
Διὰ τοῦ λουτροῦ οὖν τῆς μετανοίας καὶ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ θεοῦ, ὃ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀνομίας τῶν λαῶν τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν, ὡς Ἡσαίας βοᾷ, ἡμεῖς ἐπιστεύσαμεν, καὶ γνωρίζομεν ὅτι τοῦτʼ ἐκεῖνο, ὃ προηγόρευε, τὸ βάπτισμα, τὸ μόνον καθαρίσαι τοὺς μετανοήσαντας δυνάμενον, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς ζωῆς· οὓς δὲ ὑμεῖς ὠρύξατε λάκκους ἑαυτοῖς, συντετριμμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ οὐδὲν ὑμῖν χρήσιμοι. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος ἐκείνου τοῦ βαπτίσματος, ὃ τὴν σάρκα καὶ μόνον τὸ σῶμα φαιδρύνει;
Dia tou loutrou oun tēs metanoias kai tēs gnōseōs tou theou, ho hyper tēs anomias tōn laōn tou theou gegonen, hōs Hēsaias boą, hēmeis episteusamen, kai gnōrizomen hoti toutʼ ekeino, ho proēgoreue, to baptisma, to monon katharisai tous metanoēsantas dynamenon, touto esti to hydōr tēs zōēs; hous de hymeis ōryxate lakkous heautois, syntetrimmenoi eisi kai ouden hymin chrēsimoi. Ti gar ophelos ekeinou tou baptismatos, ho tēn sarka kai monon to sōma phaidrynei?
“Through the washing of repentance and of the knowledge of God, then, which was made for the transgression of God's peoples, as Isaiah cries, we have believed, and we make known that this very baptism which he foretold, which alone can cleanse those who have repented, is the water of life; but the cisterns which you have dug for yourselves are broken and of no use to you. For what is the use of that baptism which makes bright the flesh and the body only?
Jer 2:13 (allusion, high confidence) · John 4:10 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christian baptism, the washing of repentance, is the water of life; Jewish washings cleanse only the body.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): ὅ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀνομίας → ὃ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀνομίας.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 14.1 (Archambault 1:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-14-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
14.2Archambault 1:64
Βαπτίσθητε τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀπὸ πλεονεξίας, ἀπὸ φθόνου, ἀπὸ μίσους· καὶ ἰδοὺ τὸ σῶμα καθαρόν ἐστι. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ σύμβολον τῶν ἀζύμων, ἵνα μὴ τὰ παλαιὰ τῆς κακῆς ζύμης ἔργα πράττητε. Ὑμεῖς δὲ πάντα σαρκικῶς νενοήκατε, καὶ ἡγεῖσθε εὐσέβειαν, ἐὰν τοιαῦτα ποιοῦντες τὰς ψυχὰς μεμεστωμένοι ἦτε δόλου καὶ πάσης κακίας ἁπλῶς.
Baptisthēte tēn psychēn apo orgēs kai apo pleonexias, apo phthonou, apo misous; kai idou to sōma katharon esti. Touto gar esti to symbolon tōn azymōn, hina mē ta palaia tēs kakēs zymēs erga prattēte. Hymeis de panta sarkikōs nenoēkate, kai hēgeisthe eusebeian, ean toiauta poiountes tas psychas memestōmenoi ēte dolou kai pasēs kakias haplōs.
“Be baptized in the soul from anger and from greed, from envy, from hatred; and behold, the body is clean. For this is the meaning of the unleavened bread: that you should not do the old works of the bad leaven. But you have understood everything in a fleshly way, and you think it piety if, while doing such things, your souls are full of deceit and in short of every vice.
1 Cor 5:7 (echo, high confidence) · 1 Cor 5:8 (echo, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: True washing is of the soul from anger, greed, and envy; the unleavened bread signifies leaving old sins.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (capital lost at the start of a sentence)): βαπτίσθητε τὴν ψυχὴν → Βαπτίσθητε τὴν ψυχὴν.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 14.2 (Archambault 1:64; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-14-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
14.3Archambault 1:64–66
Διὸ καὶ μετὰ τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας τῶν ἀζυμοφαγιῶν νέαν ζύμην φυρᾶσαι ἑαυτοῖς ὁ θεὸς παρήγγειλε, τουτέστιν ἄλλων ἔργων πρᾶξιν καὶ μὴ τῶν παλαιῶν καὶ φαύλων τὴν μίμησιν. Καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν ὃ ἀξιοῖ ὑμᾶς οὗτος ὁ καινὸς νομοθέτης, τοὺς προλελεγμένους ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ λόγους πάλιν ἀνιστορήσω μετὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν παραλειφθέντων. Εἴρηνται δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἡσαίου οὕτως·
Dio kai meta tas hepta hēmeras tōn azymophagiōn nean zymēn phyrasai heautois ho theos parēngeile, toutestin allōn ergōn praxin kai mē tōn palaiōn kai phaulōn tēn mimēsin. Kai hoti touto estin ho axioi hymas houtos ho kainos nomothetēs, tous prolelegmenous hypʼ emou logous palin anistorēsō meta kai tōn allōn tōn paraleiphthentōn. Eirēntai de hypo tou Hēsaiou houtōs;
“That is why God commanded that after the seven days of eating unleavened bread you should knead new leaven for yourselves, that is, the practice of other works and not the imitation of the old and evil ones. And to show that this is what this new lawgiver asks of you, I will recount again the words I quoted before, together with others that were omitted. They were spoken by Isaiah thus:
Notes and citation
Summary: New leaven means new works.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): τοῦτό ἐστιν ὅ ἀξιοῖ → τοῦτό ἐστιν ὃ ἀξιοῖ.
Topics: Ethics
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 14.3 (Archambault 1:64–66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-14-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
14.4Archambault 1:66
Εἰσακούσετέ μου, καὶ ζήσεται ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν, καὶ διαθήσομαι ὑμῖν διαθήκην αἰώνιον, τὰ ὅσια τοῦ Δαυῒδ τὰ πιστά. Ἰδοὺ μαρτύριον αὐτὸν ἔθνεσι δέδωκα, ἄρχοντα καὶ προστάσσοντα ἔθνεσιν. Ἔθνη, ἃ οὐκ οἴδασί σε, ἐπικαλέσονταί σε, καὶ λαοί, οἳ οὐκ ἐπίστανταί σε, ἐπὶ σὲ καταφεύξονται, ἕνεκεν τοῦ θεοῦ σου τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰσραήλ, ὅτι ἐδόξασέ σε.
Eisakousete mou, kai zēsetai hē psychē hymōn, kai diathēsomai hymin diathēkēn aiōnion, ta hosia tou Dauïd ta pista. Idou martyrion auton ethnesi dedōka, archonta kai prostassonta ethnesin. Ethnē, ha ouk oidasi se, epikalesontai se, kai laoi, hoi ouk epistantai se, epi se katapheuxontai, heneken tou theou sou tou hagiou Israēl, hoti edoxase se.
“‘Listen to me, and your soul shall live, and I will make with you an everlasting covenant, the sure holy things of David. Behold, I have given him as a testimony to the nations, a ruler and commander to the nations. Nations that do not know you shall call on you, and peoples who do not know you shall flee to you, because of your God, the Holy One of Israel, for he has glorified you.
Isa 55:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:4 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:5 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 55:3–5.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 14.4 (Archambault 1:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-14-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
14.5Archambault 1:66
Ζητήσατε τὸν θεὸν καὶ ἐν τῷ εὑρίσκειν αὐτὸν ἐπικαλέσασθε, ἡνίκα ἂν ἐγγίζῃ ὑμῖν. Ἀπολιπέτω ὁ ἀσεβὴς τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνὴρ ἄνομος τὰς βουλὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπιστραφήτω ἐπὶ κύριον, καὶ ἐλεηθήσεται, ὅτι ἐπὶ πολὺ ἀφήσει τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὑμῶν. Οὐ γάρ εἰσιν αἱ βουλαί μου ὥσπερ αἱ βουλαὶ ὑμῶν, οὐδὲ αἱ ὁδοί μου ὥσπερ αἱ ὁδοὶ ὑμῶν, ἀλλὰ ὅσον ἀπέχει ὁ οὐρανὸς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, τοσοῦτον ἀπέχει ἡ ὁδός μου ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ διανοήματα ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῆς διανοίας μου.
Zētēsate ton theon kai en tǭ heuriskein auton epikalesasthe, hēnika an engizę̄ hymin. Apolipetō ho asebēs tas hodous autou kai anēr anomos tas boulas autou kai epistraphētō epi kyrion, kai eleēthēsetai, hoti epi poly aphēsei tas hamartias hymōn. Ou gar eisin hai boulai mou hōsper hai boulai hymōn, oude hai hodoi mou hōsper hai hodoi hymōn, alla hoson apechei ho ouranos apo tēs gēs, tosouton apechei hē hodos mou apo tēs hodou hymōn kai ta dianoēmata hymōn apo tēs dianoias mou.
“‘Seek God, and when you find him, call on him, whenever he draws near to you. Let the ungodly forsake his ways and the lawless man his counsels, and let him turn to the Lord, and he will find mercy, for he will abundantly forgive your sins. For my counsels are not like your counsels, nor my ways like your ways; but as far as the heaven is from the earth, so far is my way from your way and your thoughts from my mind.
Isa 55:6 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:7 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:8 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:9 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 55:6–9.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 14.5 (Archambault 1:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-14-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
14.6Archambault 1:66
Ὡς γὰρ ἂν καταβῇ χιὼν ἢ ὑετὸς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἀποστραφήσεται, ἕως ἂν μεθύσῃ τὴν γῆν καὶ ἐκτέκῃ καὶ βλαστήσῃ καὶ δῷ σπέρμα τῷ σπείραντι καὶ ἄρτον εἰς βρῶσιν, οὕτως ἔσται τὸ ῥῆμά μου, ὃ ἂν ἐξέλθῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματός μου· οὐ μὴ ἀποστραφῇ, ἕως ἂν συντελεσθῇ πάντα ὅσα ἠθέλησα, καὶ εὐοδώσω τὰ ἐντάλματά μου.
Hōs gar an katabę̄ chiōn ē hyetos ek tou ouranou kai ouk apostraphēsetai, heōs an methysę̄ tēn gēn kai ektekę̄ kai blastēsę̄ kai dǭ sperma tǭ speiranti kai arton eis brōsin, houtōs estai to rhēma mou, ho an exelthę̄ ek tou stomatos mou; ou mē apostraphę̄, heōs an syntelesthę̄ panta hosa ēthelēsa, kai euodōsō ta entalmata mou.
“‘For as snow or rain comes down from heaven and does not return until it has watered the earth and made it bring forth and sprout and give seed to the sower and bread for food, so shall my word be that goes out of my mouth; it shall not return until all that I willed has been accomplished, and I will prosper my commandments.
Isa 55:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:11 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 55:10–11.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): χιὼν ἣ ὑετὸς → χιὼν ἢ ὑετὸς.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 14.6 (Archambault 1:66; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-14-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
14.7Archambault 1:66–68
Ἐν γὰρ εὐφροσύνῃ ἐξελεύσεσθε καὶ ἐν χαρᾷ διδαχθήσεσθε· τὰ γὰρ ὄρη καὶ οἱ βουνοὶ ἐξαλοῦνται προσδεχόμενοι ὑμᾶς, καὶ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐπικροτήσει τοῖς κλάδοις, καὶ ἀντὶ τῆς στοιβῆς ἀναβήσεται κυπάρισσος, ἀντὶ δὲ τῆς κονύζης ἀναβήσεται μυρσίνη, καὶ ἔσται κύριος εἰς ὄνομα καὶ εἰς σημεῖον αἰώνιον καὶ οὐκ ἐκλείψει
En gar euphrosynę̄ exeleusesthe kai en charą didachthēsesthe; ta gar orē kai hoi bounoi exalountai prosdechomenoi hymas, kai panta ta xyla tōn agrōn epikrotēsei tois kladois, kai anti tēs stoibēs anabēsetai kyparissos, anti de tēs konyzēs anabēsetai myrsinē, kai estai kyrios eis onoma kai eis sēmeion aiōnion kai ouk ekleipsei
“‘For you shall go out in gladness and be taught in joy; for the mountains and the hills shall leap as they wait for you, and all the trees of the fields shall clap their branches; and instead of the brushwood the cypress shall come up, and instead of the fleabane the myrtle shall come up; and the Lord shall be for a name and for an everlasting sign, and shall not fail.’
Isa 55:12 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 55:13 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 55:12–13.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 14.7 (Archambault 1:66–68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-14-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
14.8Archambault 1:68
Τῶν τε λόγων τούτων καὶ τοιούτων εἰρημένων ὑπὸ τῶν προφητῶν, ἔλεγον, ὦ Τρύφων, οἱ μὲν εἴρηνται εἰς τὴν πρώτην παρουσίαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐν ᾗ καὶ ἄτιμος καὶ ἀειδὴς καὶ θνητὸς φανήσεσθαι κεκηρυγμένος ἐστίν, οἱ δὲ εἰς τὴν δευτέραν αὐτοῦ παρουσίαν, ὅτε ἐν δόξῃ καὶ ἐπάνω τῶν νεφελῶν παρέσται, καὶ ὄψεται ὁ λαὸς ὑμῶν καὶ γνωριεῖ εἰς ὃν ἐξεκέντησαν, ὡς Ὠσηέ, εἷς τῶν δώδεκα προφητῶν, καὶ Δανιὴλ προεῖπον, εἰρημένοι εἰσί.
Tōn te logōn toutōn kai toioutōn eirēmenōn hypo tōn prophētōn, elegon, ō Tryphōn, hoi men eirēntai eis tēn prōtēn parousian tou Christou, en hę̄ kai atimos kai aeidēs kai thnētos phanēsesthai kekērygmenos estin, hoi de eis tēn deuteran autou parousian, hote en doxę̄ kai epanō tōn nephelōn parestai, kai opsetai ho laos hymōn kai gnōriei eis hon exekentēsan, hōs Ōsēe, heis tōn dōdeka prophētōn, kai Daniēl proeipon, eirēmenoi eisi.
“Of these and similar words spoken by the prophets, Trypho,” I said, “some were spoken of the first coming of Christ, in which he was proclaimed to appear without honor and without form and mortal; and others of his second coming, when he will appear in glory and above the clouds, and your people will see and recognize him whom they pierced, as Hosea, one of the twelve prophets, and Daniel foretold.”
Zech 12:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Dan 7:13 (allusion, high confidence) · John 19:37 (echo, medium confidence) · Rev 1:7 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The prophets speak of two comings of Christ: first in humility, then in glory.
- “Him whom they pierced” is from Zech 12:10, though Justin names Hosea; the coming on the clouds is Dan 7:13.
Topics: Christology, Eschatology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 14.8 (Archambault 1:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-14-8).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 15
15.1Archambault 1:68
Καὶ τὴν ἀληθινὴν οὖν τοῦ θεοῦ νηστείαν μάθετε νηστεύειν, ὡς Ἡσαΐας φησίν, ἵνα τῷ θεῷ εὐαρεστῆτε.
Kai tēn alēthinēn oun tou theou nēsteian mathete nēsteuein, hōs Hēsaïas phēsin, hina tǭ theǭ euarestēte.
“Learn, then, to keep the true fast of God, as Isaiah says, that you may please God.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin turns to the true fast.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (dropped letter)): Ἡσΐας → Ἡσαΐας.
Topics: Fasting
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 15.1 (Archambault 1:68; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-15-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
15.2Archambault 1:68–70
Κέκραγε δὲ Ἡσαΐας οὕτως· Ἀναβόησον ἐν ἰσχύϊ καὶ μὴ φείσῃ, ὡς σάλπιγγι ὕψωσον τὴν φωνήν σου καὶ ἀνάγγειλον τῷ γένει μου τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῶν καὶ τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰακὼβ τὰς ἀνομίας αὐτῶν. Ἐμὲ ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας ζητοῦσι καὶ γνῶναι τὰς ὁδούς μου ἐπιθυμοῦσιν, ὡς λαὸς δικαιοσύνην πεποιηκὼς καὶ κρίσιν θεοῦ οὐκ ἐγκαταλελοιπώς.
Kekrage de Hēsaïas houtōs; Anaboēson en ischyï kai mē pheisę̄, hōs salpingi hypsōson tēn phōnēn sou kai anangeilon tǭ genei mou ta hamartēmata autōn kai tǭ oikǭ Iakōb tas anomias autōn. Eme hēmeran ex hēmeras zētousi kai gnōnai tas hodous mou epithymousin, hōs laos dikaiosynēn pepoiēkōs kai krisin theou ouk enkataleloipōs.
“For Isaiah has cried thus: ‘Cry aloud with strength and do not spare; lift up your voice like a trumpet, and declare to my people their sins, and to the house of Jacob their transgressions. They seek me day by day and desire to know my ways, like a people that has done righteousness and not forsaken the judgment of God.
Isa 58:1 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 58:2 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 58:1–2.
Topics: Fasting, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 15.2 (Archambault 1:68–70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-15-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
15.3Archambault 1:70
Αἰτοῦσί με νῦν κρίσιν δικαίαν καὶ ἐγγίζειν θεῷ ἐπιθυμοῦσι, λέγοντες· Τί ὅτι ἐνηστεύσαμεν καὶ οὐκ εἶδες, ἐταπεινώσαμεν τὰς ψυχὰς ἡμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἔγνως; Ἐν γὰρ ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν νηστειῶν ὑμῶν εὑρίσκετε τὰ θελήματα ὑμῶν, καὶ πάντας τοὺς ὑποχειρίους ὑμῶν ὑπονύσσετε· ἰδοὺ εἰς κρίσεις καὶ μάχας νηστεύετε, καὶ τύπτετε πυγμαῖς ταπεινόν. Ἵνα τί μοι νηστεύετε ἕως σήμερον, ἀκουσθῆναι ἐν κραυγῇ τὴν φωνὴν ὑμῶν;
Aitousi me nyn krisin dikaian kai engizein theǭ epithymousi, legontes; Ti hoti enēsteusamen kai ouk eides, etapeinōsamen tas psychas hēmōn kai ouk egnōs? En gar tais hēmerais tōn nēsteiōn hymōn heuriskete ta thelēmata hymōn, kai pantas tous hypocheirious hymōn hyponyssete; idou eis kriseis kai machas nēsteuete, kai typtete pygmais tapeinon. Hina ti moi nēsteuete heōs sēmeron, akousthēnai en kraugę̄ tēn phōnēn hymōn?
“‘They ask me now for a just judgment and desire to draw near to God, saying: Why have we fasted and you did not see, humbled our souls and you did not know? For in the days of your fasts you find your own wills, and you goad all who are under you; behold, you fast for lawsuits and quarrels, and strike the lowly with your fists. Why do you fast to me as you do today, so that your voice is heard in an outcry?
Isa 58:2 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 58:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 58:4 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 58:2–4.
Topics: Fasting, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 15.3 (Archambault 1:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-15-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
15.4Archambault 1:70
Οὐ ταύτην τὴν νηστείαν ἐγὼ ἐξελεξάμην, καὶ ἡμέραν ταπεινοῦν ἄνθρωπον τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ· οὐδʼ ἂν κάμψῃς ὡς κρίκον τὸν τράχηλόν σου καὶ σάκκον καὶ σποδὸν ὑποστρώσῃ, οὐδʼ οὕτως καλέσετε νηστείαν καὶ ἡμέραν δεκτὴν τῷ κυρίῳ. Οὐχὶ τοιαύτην νηστείαν ἐγὼ ἐξελεξάμην, λέγει κύριος· ἀλλὰ λύε πάντα σύνδεσμον ἀδικίας, διάλυε στραγγαλιὰς βιαίων συναλλαγμάτων, ἀπόστελλε τεθραυσμένους ἐν ἀφέσει καὶ πᾶσαν συγγραφὴν ἄδικον διάσπα.
Ou tautēn tēn nēsteian egō exelexamēn, kai hēmeran tapeinoun anthrōpon tēn psychēn autou; oudʼ an kampsę̄s hōs krikon ton trachēlon sou kai sakkon kai spodon hypostrōsę̄, oudʼ houtōs kalesete nēsteian kai hēmeran dektēn tǭ kyriǭ. Ouchi toiautēn nēsteian egō exelexamēn, legei kyrios; alla lye panta syndesmon adikias, dialye strangalias biaiōn synallagmatōn, apostelle tethrausmenous en aphesei kai pasan syngraphēn adikon diaspa.
“‘This is not the fast I have chosen, a day for a man to humble his soul; not even if you bow your neck like a ring and spread sackcloth and ashes under you, not even so shall you call it a fast and a day acceptable to the Lord. Not such a fast have I chosen, says the Lord; but loose every bond of injustice, undo the knots of forced contracts, set free the broken, and tear up every unjust bond.
Isa 58:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 58:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 58:5–6.
Topics: Fasting, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 15.4 (Archambault 1:70; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-15-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
15.5Archambault 1:70–72
Διάθρυπτε πεινῶντι τὸν ἄρτον σου καὶ πτωχοὺς ἀστέγους εἰσάγαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου· ἐὰν ἴδῃς γυμνόν, περίβαλλε, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων τοῦ σπέρματός σου οὐχ ὑπερόψει. Τότε ῥαγήσεται πρώϊμον τὸ φῶς σου, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτιά σου ταχὺ ἀνατελεῖ, καὶ προπορεύσεται ἔμπροσθέν σου ἡ δικαιοσύνη σου, καὶ ἡ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ περιστελεῖ σε. Τότε βοήσῃ, καὶ ὁ θεὸς εἰσακούσεταί σου· ἔτι λαλοῦντός σου ἐρεῖ· Ἰδοὺ πάρειμι.
Diathrypte peinōnti ton arton sou kai ptōchous astegous eisagage eis ton oikon sou; ean idę̄s gymnon, periballe, kai apo tōn oikeiōn tou spermatos sou ouch hyperopsei. Tote rhagēsetai prōïmon to phōs sou, kai ta himatia sou tachy anatelei, kai proporeusetai emprosthen sou hē dikaiosynē sou, kai hē doxa tou theou peristelei se. Tote boēsę̄, kai ho theos eisakousetai sou; eti lalountos sou erei; Idou pareimi.
“‘Break your bread to the hungry, and bring the homeless poor into your house; if you see someone naked, clothe him, and do not overlook those of your own family. Then your light shall break forth early, and your garments shall quickly spring up, and your righteousness shall go before you, and the glory of God shall surround you. Then you shall cry, and God shall hear you; while you are still speaking he will say, Here I am.
Isa 58:7 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 58:8 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 58:9 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 58:7–9.
Topics: Fasting, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 15.5 (Archambault 1:70–72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-15-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
15.6Archambault 1:72
Ἐὰν δὲ ἀφέλῃς ἀπὸ σοῦ σύνδεσμον καὶ χειροτονίαν καὶ ῥῆμα γογγυσμοῦ, καὶ διδῷς πεινῶντι τὸν ἄρτον σου ἐκ ψυχῆς, καὶ ψυχὴν τεταπεινωμένην ἐμπλήσῃς, τότε ἀνατελεῖ ἐν τῷ σκότει τὸ φῶς σου, καὶ τὸ σκότος σου ὡς μεσημβρία, καὶ ἔσται ὁ θεός σου μετὰ σοῦ διὰ παντός, καὶ ἐμπλησθήσῃ καθὰ ἐπιθυμεῖ ἡ ψυχή σου, καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ σου πιανθήσονται, καὶ ἔσται ὡς κῆπος μεθύων καὶ πηγὴ ὕδατος ἢ γῆ ᾗ μὴ ἐξέλιπεν ὕδωρ.
Ean de aphelę̄s apo sou syndesmon kai cheirotonian kai rhēma gongysmou, kai didǭs peinōnti ton arton sou ek psychēs, kai psychēn tetapeinōmenēn emplēsę̄s, tote anatelei en tǭ skotei to phōs sou, kai to skotos sou hōs mesēmbria, kai estai ho theos sou meta sou dia pantos, kai emplēsthēsę̄ katha epithymei hē psychē sou, kai ta osta sou pianthēsontai, kai estai hōs kēpos methyōn kai pēgē hydatos ē gē hę̄ mē exelipen hydōr.
“‘And if you take away from yourself the bond, and the pointing of the finger, and the word of murmuring, and give your bread to the hungry from your heart, and satisfy the afflicted soul, then your light shall rise in the darkness, and your darkness shall be like noonday, and your God shall be with you continually, and you shall be filled as your soul desires, and your bones shall be made fat, and they shall be like a watered garden and a spring of water, or a land where water has not failed.’
Isa 58:9 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 58:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 58:11 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 58:9–11.
- “Your garments shall quickly spring up”: the LXX reading (τὰ ἱμάτια), where the Hebrew has “your healing.”
Topics: Fasting, Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 15.6 (Archambault 1:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-15-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
15.7Archambault 1:72
Περιτέμεσθε οὖν τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς οἱ λόγοι τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ πάντων τούτων τῶν λόγων ἀξιοῦσι.
Peritemesthe oun tēn akrobystian tēs kardias hymōn, hōs hoi logoi tou theou dia pantōn toutōn tōn logōn axiousi.
“Circumcise, then, the foreskin of your heart, as the words of God require through all these words.”
Deut 10:16 (allusion, high confidence) · Jer 4:4 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The true circumcision is of the heart.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 15.7 (Archambault 1:72; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-15-7).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 16
16.1Archambault 1:72–74
Καὶ διὰ Μωσέως κέκραγεν ὁ θεὸς αὐτός, οὕτως λέγων· Καὶ περιτεμεῖσθε τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν καὶ τὸν τράχηλον οὐ σκληρυνεῖτε ἔτι· ὁ γὰρ κύριος, ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν καὶ κύριος τῶν κυρίων, θεὸς μέγας καὶ ἰσχυρὸς καὶ φοβερός, ὅστις οὐ θαυμάζει πρόσωπον οὐδὲ μὴ λάβῃ δῶρον. Καὶ ἐν τῷ Λευιτικῷ· Ὅτι παρέβησαν καὶ ὑπερεῖδόν με καὶ ὅτι ἐπορεύθησαν ἐναντίον μου πλάγιοι, καὶ ἐγὼ ἐπορεύθην μετʼ αὐτῶν πλαγίως, καὶ ἀπολῶ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ γῇ τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν. Τότε ἐντραπήσεται ἡ καρδία ἡ ἀπερίτμητος αὐτῶν.
Kai dia Mōseōs kekragen ho theos autos, houtōs legōn; Kai peritemeisthe tēn sklērokardian hymōn kai ton trachēlon ou sklēryneite eti; ho gar kyrios, ho theos hymōn kai kyrios tōn kyriōn, theos megas kai ischyros kai phoberos, hostis ou thaumazei prosōpon oude mē labę̄ dōron. Kai en tǭ Leuitikǭ; Hoti parebēsan kai hypereidon me kai hoti eporeuthēsan enantion mou plagioi, kai egō eporeuthēn metʼ autōn plagiōs, kai apolō autous en tę̄ gę̄ tōn echthrōn autōn. Tote entrapēsetai hē kardia hē aperitmētos autōn.
“And God himself cried out through Moses, saying thus: ‘And you shall circumcise your hardness of heart, and you shall no longer stiffen your neck; for the Lord your God, and Lord of lords, is a great and mighty and terrible God, who does not regard persons nor take a bribe.’ And in Leviticus: ‘Because they transgressed and despised me, and because they walked contrary to me, I also walked contrary to them, and I will destroy them in the land of their enemies. Then their uncircumcised heart shall be ashamed.’
Deut 10:16 (quotation, high confidence) · Deut 10:17 (quotation, high confidence) · Lev 26:40 (quotation, high confidence) · Lev 26:41 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Moses himself called for circumcision of the heart.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 16.1 (Archambault 1:72–74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-16-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
16.2Archambault 1:74
Ἡ γὰρ ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ κατὰ σάρκα περιτομὴ εἰς σημεῖον ἐδόθη, ἵνα ἦτε ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἐθνῶν καὶ ἡμῶν ἀφωρισμένοι, καὶ ἵνα μόνοι πάθητε ἃ νῦν ἐν δίκῃ πάσχετε, καὶ ἵνα γένωνται αἱ χῶραι ὑμῶν ἔρημοι καὶ αἱ πόλεις πυρίκαυστοι, καὶ τοὺς καρποὺς ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν κατεσθίωσιν ἀλλότριοι, καὶ μηδεὶς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐπιβαίνῃ εἰς τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ.
Hē gar apo Abraam kata sarka peritomē eis sēmeion edothē, hina ēte apo tōn allōn ethnōn kai hēmōn aphōrismenoi, kai hina monoi pathēte ha nyn en dikę̄ paschete, kai hina genōntai hai chōrai hymōn erēmoi kai hai poleis pyrikaustoi, kai tous karpous enōpion hymōn katesthiōsin allotrioi, kai mēdeis ex hymōn epibainę̄ eis tēn Hierousalēm.
“For the circumcision according to the flesh, from Abraham, was given for a sign, that you might be separated from the other nations and from us, and that you alone might suffer what you now justly suffer, and that your lands might become desolate and your cities burned with fire, and strangers might eat your fruits before your eyes, and none of you might go up to Jerusalem.
Gen 17:11 (allusion, high confidence) · Isa 1:7 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin argues that circumcision was given as a mark by which the Jews would be singled out for their present sufferings.
- A harsh passage written soon after the Bar Kokhba war, when Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem (compare 1 Apol. 47). Justin reads the disasters as divine judgment; this polemic is translated as written.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 16.2 (Archambault 1:74; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-16-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
16.3Archambault 1:74–76
Οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἄλλου τινὸς γνωρίζεσθε παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους, ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν σαρκὶ ὑμῶν περιτομῆς. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ ὑμῶν, ὡς νομίζω, τολμήσει εἰπεῖν ὅτι μὴ καὶ προγνώστης τῶν γίνεσθαι μελλόντων ἦν καὶ ἔστιν ὁ θεὸς καὶ τὰ ἄξια ἑκάστῳ προετοιμάζων. Καὶ ὑμῖν οὖν ταῦτα καλῶς καὶ δικαίως γέγονεν.
Ou gar ex allou tinos gnōrizesthe para tous allous anthrōpous, ē apo tēs en sarki hymōn peritomēs. Oudeis gar hymōn, hōs nomizō, tolmēsei eipein hoti mē kai prognōstēs tōn ginesthai mellontōn ēn kai estin ho theos kai ta axia hekastǭ proetoimazōn. Kai hymin oun tauta kalōs kai dikaiōs gegonen.
“For you are known among other men by nothing else than by your circumcision in the flesh. For none of you, I think, will dare to say that God was not and is not one who knows beforehand what will happen, and prepares what each deserves. And so these things have happened to you well and justly.
Notes and citation
Summary: God foresaw what would happen and prepared what each deserves.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 16.3 (Archambault 1:74–76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-16-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
16.4Archambault 1:76
Ἀπεκτείνατε γὰρ τὸν δίκαιον καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ τοὺς προφήτας αὐτοῦ· καὶ νῦν τοὺς ἐλπίζοντας ἐπʼ αὐτὸν καὶ τὸν πέμψαντα αὐτὸν παντοκράτορα καὶ ποιητὴν τῶν ὅλων θεὸν ἀθετεῖτε καί, ὅσον ἐφʼ ὑμῖν, ἀτιμάζετε, καταρώμενοι ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς ὑμῶν τοὺς πιστεύοντας ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστόν. Οὐ γὰρ ἐξουσίαν ἔχετε αὐτόχειρες γενέσθαι ἡμῶν διὰ τοὺς νῦν ἐπικρατοῦντας· ὁσάκις δὲ ἂν ἐδυνήθητε, καὶ τοῦτο ἐπράξατε.
Apekteinate gar ton dikaion kai pro autou tous prophētas autou; kai nyn tous elpizontas epʼ auton kai ton pempsanta auton pantokratora kai poiētēn tōn holōn theon atheteite kai, hoson ephʼ hymin, atimazete, katarōmenoi en tais synagōgais hymōn tous pisteuontas epi ton Christon. Ou gar exousian echete autocheires genesthai hēmōn dia tous nyn epikratountas; hosakis de an edynēthēte, kai touto epraxate.
“For you killed the Righteous One, and before him his prophets; and now you reject those who hope in him and in the one who sent him, God Almighty and Maker of all things, and, as far as you can, dishonor them, cursing in your synagogues those who believe in Christ. For you do not have authority to lay hands on us yourselves, because of those who now rule; but whenever you could, you did this too.
Acts 7:52 (echo, high confidence) · 1 Thess 2:15 (echo, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin charges that Christians are cursed in the synagogues.
- “Cursing in your synagogues those who believe in Christ”: often connected with the Birkat ha-Minim, a benediction against heretics in the synagogue prayer; its date and original target are debated.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 16.4 (Archambault 1:76; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-16-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
16.5Archambault 1:76–78
Διὸ καὶ ἐμβοᾷ ὑμῖν ὁ θεὸς διὰ τοῦ Ἡσαΐου λέγων· Ἴδετε ὡς ὁ δίκαιος ἀπώλετο, καὶ οὐδεὶς κατανοεῖ. Ἀπὸ γὰρ προσώπου τῆς ἀδικίας ἦρται ὁ δίκαιος. Ἔσται ἐν εἰρήνῃ· ἡ ταφὴ αὐτοῦ ᾖρται ἐκ τοῦ μέσου. Ὑμεῖς προσηγάγετε ὧδε, υἱοὶ ἄνομοι, σπέρμα μοιχῶν καὶ τέκνα πόρνης. Ἐν τίνι ἐνετρυφᾶτε καὶ ἐπὶ τίνα ἠνοίξατε τὸ στόμα καὶ ἐπὶ τίνι ἐχαλάσατε τὴν γλῶσσαν;
Dio kai emboą hymin ho theos dia tou Hēsaïou legōn; Idete hōs ho dikaios apōleto, kai oudeis katanoei. Apo gar prosōpou tēs adikias ērtai ho dikaios. Estai en eirēnę̄; hē taphē autou ę̄rtai ek tou mesou. Hymeis prosēgagete hōde, huioi anomoi, sperma moichōn kai tekna pornēs. En tini enetryphate kai epi tina ēnoixate to stoma kai epi tini echalasate tēn glōssan?
“Therefore God cries to you through Isaiah, saying: ‘See how the righteous one has perished, and no one considers it. For the righteous one has been taken away from the presence of injustice. He shall be in peace; his burial has been taken away from the midst. Come here, you lawless sons, seed of adulterers and children of a harlot. In whom have you delighted, and against whom have you opened your mouth, and against whom have you loosed your tongue?’”
Isa 57:1 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 57:2 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 57:3 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 57:4 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isa 57:1–4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (stray accent); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): ὁ δίκάιος → ὁ δίκαιος; προσηγάγετε ὥδε → προσηγάγετε ὧδε.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 16.5 (Archambault 1:76–78; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-16-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 17
17.1Archambault 1:78–80
Οὐχ οὕτως γὰρ τὰ ἄλλα ἔθνη εἰς ταύτην τὴν ἀδικίαν τὴν εἰς ἡμᾶς καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐνέχονται, ὅσον ὑμεῖς, οἳ κἀκείνοις τῆς κατὰ τοῦ δικαίου καὶ ἡμῶν τῶν ἀπʼ ἐκείνου κακῆς προλήψεως αἴτιοι ὑπάρχετε· μετὰ γὰρ τὸ σταυρῶσαι ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖνον τὸν μόνον ἄμωμον καὶ δίκαιον ἄνθρωπον, διʼ οὗ τῶν μωλώπων ἴασις γίνεται τοῖς διʼ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα προσχωροῦσιν, ἐπειδὴ ἐγνώκατε αὐτὸν ἀναστάντα ἐκ νεκρῶν καὶ ἀναβάντα εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, ὡς αἱ προφητεῖαι προεμήνυον γενησόμενον, οὐ μόνον οὐ μετενοήσατε ἐφʼ οἷς ἐπράξατε κακοῖς, ἀλλὰ ἄνδρας ἐκλεκτοὺς ἀπὸ Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐκλεξάμενοι τότε ἐξεπέμψατε εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν, λέγοντας αἵρεσιν ἄθεον Χριστιανῶν πεφηνέναι, καταλέγοντάς τε ταῦτα ἅπερ καθʼ ἡμῶν οἱ ἀγνοοῦντες ἡμᾶς πάντες λέγουσιν· ὥστε οὐ μόνον ἑαυτοῖς ἀδικίας αἴτιοι ὑπάρχετε, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν ἁπλῶς ἀνθρώποις.
Ouch houtōs gar ta alla ethnē eis tautēn tēn adikian tēn eis hēmas kai ton Christon enechontai, hoson hymeis, hoi kakeinois tēs kata tou dikaiou kai hēmōn tōn apʼ ekeinou kakēs prolēpseōs aitioi hyparchete; meta gar to staurōsai hymas ekeinon ton monon amōmon kai dikaion anthrōpon, diʼ hou tōn mōlōpōn iasis ginetai tois diʼ autou epi ton patera proschōrousin, epeidē egnōkate auton anastanta ek nekrōn kai anabanta eis ton ouranon, hōs hai prophēteiai proemēnyon genēsomenon, ou monon ou metenoēsate ephʼ hois epraxate kakois, alla andras eklektous apo Hierousalēm eklexamenoi tote exepempsate eis pasan tēn gēn, legontas hairesin atheon Christianōn pephēnenai, katalegontas te tauta haper kathʼ hēmōn hoi agnoountes hēmas pantes legousin; hōste ou monon heautois adikias aitioi hyparchete, alla kai tois allois hapasin haplōs anthrōpois.
“For the other nations are not so guilty of this injustice toward us and toward Christ as you are, who are the cause of their evil prejudice against the Righteous One and against us who are from him. For after you had crucified that only blameless and righteous man, through whose stripes healing comes to those who approach the Father through him, when you knew that he had risen from the dead and ascended into heaven, as the prophecies foretold would happen, not only did you not repent of the evil you had done, but you then chose picked men from Jerusalem and sent them out into all the land, saying that a godless sect of Christians had appeared, and reciting the things that all who do not know us say against us; so that you are the cause of injustice not only to yourselves, but to all other men without exception.
Isa 53:5 (allusion, high confidence) · Acts 28:22 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin accuses the Jewish leaders of spreading slanders against Christians throughout the world.
- Justin says the same in Dial. 108 and 117. There is no independent evidence of such an official embassy.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 17.1 (Archambault 1:78–80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-17-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
17.2Archambault 1:80
Καὶ δικαίως βοᾷ Ἡσαΐας· Διʼ ὑμᾶς τὸ ὄνομά μου βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι. Καὶ· Οὐαὶ τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτῶν, διότι βεβούλευνται βουλὴν πονηρὰν καθʼ ἑαυτῶν, εἰπόντες· Δήσωμεν τὸν δίκαιον, ὅτι δύσχρηστος ἡμῖν ἐστι. Τοίνυν τὰ γεννήματα τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν φάγονται. Οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνόμῳ· πονηρὰ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ συμβήσεται αὐτῷ. Καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἄλλοις· Οὐαὶ οἱ ἐπισπώμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν ὡς σχοινίῳ μακρῷ καὶ ὡς ζυγοῦ ἱμάντι δαμάλεως τὰς ἀνομίας, οἱ λέγοντες· Τὸ τάχος αὐτοῦ ἐγγισάτω, καὶ ἐλθέτω ἡ βουλὴ τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰσραήλ, ἵνα γνῶμεν. Οὐαὶ οἱ λέγοντες τὸ πονηρὸν καλὸν καὶ τὸ καλὸν πονηρόν, οἱ τιθέντες τὸ φῶς σκότος καὶ τὸ σκότος φῶς, οἱ τιθέντες τὸ πικρὸν γλυκὺ καὶ τὸ γλυκὺ πικρόν.
Kai dikaiōs boą Hēsaïas; Diʼ hymas to onoma mou blasphēmeitai en tois ethnesi. Kai; Ouai tę̄ psychę̄ autōn, dioti bebouleuntai boulēn ponēran kathʼ heautōn, eipontes; Dēsōmen ton dikaion, hoti dyschrēstos hēmin esti. Toinyn ta gennēmata tōn ergōn autōn phagontai. Ouai tǭ anomǭ; ponēra kata ta erga tōn cheirōn autou symbēsetai autǭ. Kai palin en allois; Ouai hoi epispōmenoi tas hamartias autōn hōs schoiniǭ makrǭ kai hōs zygou himanti damaleōs tas anomias, hoi legontes; To tachos autou engisatō, kai elthetō hē boulē tou hagiou Israēl, hina gnōmen. Ouai hoi legontes to ponēron kalon kai to kalon ponēron, hoi tithentes to phōs skotos kai to skotos phōs, hoi tithentes to pikron glyky kai to glyky pikron.
“And rightly does Isaiah cry: ‘Because of you my name is blasphemed among the nations.’ And: ‘Woe to their soul, for they have planned an evil plan against themselves, saying: Let us bind the righteous one, for he is troublesome to us. Therefore they shall eat the fruits of their works. Woe to the lawless one; evil shall befall him according to the works of his hands.’ And again in other words: ‘Woe to those who draw their sins as with a long rope, and their transgressions as with the strap of a heifer's yoke, who say: Let his speed come near, and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel come, that we may know it. Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who put light for darkness and darkness for light, who put bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter.’
Isa 52:5 (quotation, high confidence) · Rom 2:24 (echo, medium confidence) · Isa 3:9 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 3:10 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 3:11 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 5:18 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 5:19 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 5:20 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Isaiah's woes are applied to those who reject Christ.
- “Let us bind the righteous one, for he is troublesome to us” is the LXX of Isa 3:9–10; compare Wis 2:12.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): Διʼ ὑμάς → Διʼ ὑμᾶς; τὰς ἀμαρτίας αὐτῶν → τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.
Extrabiblical texts: Wis 2:12 (Wisdom of Solomon [in RC, EO, ETH canons]; echo)
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 17.2 (Archambault 1:80; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-17-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
17.3Archambault 1:80–82
Κατὰ οὖν τοῦ μόνου ἀμώμου καὶ δικαίου φωτός, τοῖς ἀνθρώποις πεμφθέντος παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, τὰ πικρὰ καὶ σκοτεινὰ καὶ ἄδικα καταλεχθῆναι ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ ἐσπουδάσατε. Δύσχρηστος γὰρ ὑμῖν ἔδοξεν εἶναι, βοῶν παρʼ ὑμῖν· Γέγραπται· Ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς ἐστιν, ὑμεῖς δὲ πεποιήκατε αὐτὸν σπήλαιον λῃστῶν. Καὶ τὰς τραπέζας τῶν ἐν τῷ ναῷ κολλυβιστῶν κατέστρεψε.
Kata oun tou monou amōmou kai dikaiou phōtos, tois anthrōpois pemphthentos para tou theou, ta pikra kai skoteina kai adika katalechthēnai en pasę̄ tę̄ gę̄ espoudasate. Dyschrēstos gar hymin edoxen einai, boōn parʼ hymin; Gegraptai; Ho oikos mou oikos proseuchēs estin, hymeis de pepoiēkate auton spēlaion lę̄stōn. Kai tas trapezas tōn en tǭ naǭ kollybistōn katestrepse.
“Against the only blameless and righteous light, sent to men from God, you have been eager to have bitter and dark and unjust things spoken in all the earth. For he seemed troublesome to you when he cried among you: ‘It is written, My house is a house of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers.’ And he overturned the tables of the money-changers in the temple.
Matt 21:13 (quotation, high confidence) · Isa 56:7 (allusion, medium confidence) · Jer 7:11 (allusion, medium confidence) · Matt 21:12 (allusion, high confidence) · John 1:9 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ's cleansing of the temple made him troublesome to his opponents.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): ὲν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ → ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 17.3 (Archambault 1:80–82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-17-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
17.4Archambault 1:82
Καὶ ἐβόα· Οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί, ὅτι ἀποδεκατοῦτε τὸ ἡδύοσμον καὶ τὸ πήγανον, τὴν δὲ ἀγάπην τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὴν κρίσιν οὐ κατανοεῖτε· τάφοι κεκονιαμένοι, ἔξωθεν φαινόμενοι ὡραῖοι, ἔσωθεν δὲ γέμοντες ὀστέων νεκρῶν. Καὶ τοῖς γραμματεῦσιν· Οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς, ὅτι τὰς κλεῖς ἔχετε, καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσέρχεσθε καὶ τοὺς εἰσερχομένους κωλύετε· ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοί.
Kai eboa; Ouai hymin, grammateis kai Pharisaioi, hypokritai, hoti apodekatoute to hēdyosmon kai to pēganon, tēn de agapēn tou theou kai tēn krisin ou katanoeite; taphoi kekoniamenoi, exōthen phainomenoi hōraioi, esōthen de gemontes osteōn nekrōn. Kai tois grammateusin; Ouai hymin, grammateis, hoti tas kleis echete, kai autoi ouk eiserchesthe kai tous eiserchomenous kōlyete; hodēgoi typhloi.
“And he cried: ‘Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint and rue, but do not consider the love of God and judgment. Whitewashed tombs, outwardly appearing beautiful, but inside full of dead men's bones.’ And to the scribes: ‘Woe to you, scribes, for you have the keys, and you do not go in yourselves, and you hinder those who are going in; blind guides.’
Matt 23:23 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 11:42 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 23:27 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 11:52 (quotation, high confidence) · Matt 23:13 (quotation, medium confidence) · Matt 23:24 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Jesus' woes against the scribes and Pharisees.
- Justin combines Matt 23 and Luke 11 in his own form.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): ὃτι ἀποδεκατοῦτε → ὅτι ἀποδεκατοῦτε; Οὐαὶ ὑμὶν → Οὐαὶ ὑμῖν.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 17.4 (Archambault 1:82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-17-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 18
18.1Archambault 1:82
Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀνέγνως, ὦ Τρύφων, ὡς αὐτὸς ὁμολογήσας ἔφης, τὰ ὑπʼ ἐκείνου τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν διδαχθέντα, οὐκ ἄτοπον νομίζω πεποιηκέναι καὶ βραχέα τῶν ἐκείνου λόγια πρὸς τοῖς προφητικοῖς ἐπιμνησθείς.
Epeidē gar anegnōs, ō Tryphōn, hōs autos homologēsas ephēs, ta hypʼ ekeinou tou sōtēros hēmōn didachthenta, ouk atopon nomizō pepoiēkenai kai brachea tōn ekeinou logia pros tois prophētikois epimnēstheis.
“For since you have read, Trypho, as you yourself admitted, the things taught by that Savior of ours, I do not think I have done anything out of place in mentioning a few of his sayings as well as the prophetic ones.
Notes and citation
Summary: Justin explains why he quotes Jesus' own words.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 18.1 (Archambault 1:82; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-18-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
18.2Archambault 1:82–84
Λούσασθε οὖν καὶ νῦν καθαροὶ γένεσθε καὶ ἀφέλεσθε τὰς πονηρίας ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν, ὡς δὲ λούσασθαι ὑμῖν τοῦτο τὸ λουτρὸν κελεύει ὁ θεὸς καὶ περιτέμνεσθαι τὴν ἀληθινὴν περιτομήν. Ἡμεῖς γὰρ καὶ ταύτην ἂν τὴν περιτομὴν τὴν κατὰ σάρκα καὶ τὰ σάββατα καὶ τὰς ἑορτὰς πάσας ἁπλῶς ἐφυλάσσομεν, εἰ μὴ ἔγνωμεν διʼ ἣν αἰτίαν καὶ ὑμῖν προσετάγη, τουτέστι διὰ τὰς ἀνομίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν.
Lousasthe oun kai nyn katharoi genesthe kai aphelesthe tas ponērias apo tōn psychōn hymōn, hōs de lousasthai hymin touto to loutron keleuei ho theos kai peritemnesthai tēn alēthinēn peritomēn. Hēmeis gar kai tautēn an tēn peritomēn tēn kata sarka kai ta sabbata kai tas heortas pasas haplōs ephylassomen, ei mē egnōmen diʼ hēn aitian kai hymin prosetagē, toutesti dia tas anomias hymōn kai tēn sklērokardian.
“Wash, then, and be clean now, and put away the wickedness from your souls, as God bids you wash with this washing and be circumcised with the true circumcision. For we too would keep this circumcision according to the flesh, and the Sabbaths, and in short all the feasts, if we did not know for what reason they were enjoined on you, namely because of your transgressions and hardness of heart.
Isa 1:16 (allusion, high confidence) · Matt 19:8 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Circumcision and the Sabbath were imposed on Israel because of its hardness of heart.
- Justin's view that the ceremonial law was given because of Israel's sins is distinctive and much discussed.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 18.2 (Archambault 1:82–84; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-18-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
18.3Archambault 1:84
Εἰ γὰρ ὑπομένομεν πάντα τὰ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων καὶ δαιμόνων φαύλων ἐνεργούμενα εἰς ἡμᾶς φέρειν, ὡς καὶ μέχρι τῶν ἀρρήτων, θανάτου καὶ τιμωριῶν, εὐχόμενοι ἐλεηθῆναι καὶ τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα διατιθέντας ἡμᾶς, καὶ μηδὲ μικρὸν ἀμείβεσθαι μηδένα βουλόμενοι, ὡς ὁ καινὸς νομοθέτης ἐκέλευσεν ἡμῖν, πῶς οὐχὶ καὶ τὰ μηδὲ βλάπτοντα ἡμᾶς, περιτομὴν δὲ σαρκικὴν λέγω καὶ σάββατα καὶ τὰς ἑορτάς, ἐφυλάσσομεν.
Ei gar hypomenomen panta ta ex anthrōpōn kai daimonōn phaulōn energoumena eis hēmas pherein, hōs kai mechri tōn arrētōn, thanatou kai timōriōn, euchomenoi eleēthēnai kai tous ta toiauta diatithentas hēmas, kai mēde mikron ameibesthai mēdena boulomenoi, hōs ho kainos nomothetēs ekeleusen hēmin, pōs ouchi kai ta mēde blaptonta hēmas, peritomēn de sarkikēn legō kai sabbata kai tas heortas, ephylassomen.
“For if we endure bearing all that is done against us by men and evil demons, even to the unspeakable, death and torments, praying for mercy even on those who inflict such things on us, and wishing to repay no one even a little, as the new lawgiver commanded us, how would we not keep those things which do us no harm, I mean fleshly circumcision and Sabbaths and feasts?”
Matt 5:44 (echo, high confidence) · Rom 12:17 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christians who endure death for Christ would readily keep harmless rites if they were required.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 18.3 (Archambault 1:84; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-18-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 19
19.1Archambault 1:84
Καὶ ὁ Τρύφων· Τοῦτό ἐστιν ὃ ἀπορεῖν ἄξιόν ἐστιν, ὅτι τοιαῦτα ὑπομένοντες οὐχὶ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα, περὶ ὧν νῦν ζητοῦμεν, φυλάσσετε.
Kai ho Tryphōn; Touto estin ho aporein axion estin, hoti toiauta hypomenontes ouchi kai ta alla panta, peri hōn nyn zētoumen, phylassete.
And Trypho said, “This is what deserves perplexity: that you endure such things, and yet do not keep all the other things about which we are now inquiring.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Trypho is puzzled that Christians endure martyrdom yet ignore the law.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 19.1 (Archambault 1:84; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-19-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
19.2Archambault 1:84
Οὐ γὰρ πᾶσιν ἀναγκαῖα αὕτη ἡ περιτομή, ἀλλʼ ὑμῖν μόνοις, ἵνα, ὡς προέφην, ταῦτα πάθητε ἃ νῦν ἐν δίκῃ πάσχετε. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ βάπτισμα ἐκεῖνο τὸ ἀνωφελὲς τὸ τῶν λάκκων προσλαμβάνομεν· οὐδὲν γὰρ πρὸς τὸ βάπτισμα τοῦτο τὸ τῆς ζωῆς ἐστι. Διὸ καὶ κέκραγεν ὁ θεός, ὅτι Ἐγκατελίπετε αὐτόν, πηγὴν ζῶσαν, καὶ ὠρύξατε ἑαυτοῖς λάκκους συντετριμμένους, οἳ οὐ δυνήσονται συνέχειν ὕδωρ.
Ou gar pasin anankaia hautē hē peritomē, allʼ hymin monois, hina, hōs proephēn, tauta pathēte ha nyn en dikę̄ paschete. Oude gar to baptisma ekeino to anōpheles to tōn lakkōn proslambanomen; ouden gar pros to baptisma touto to tēs zōēs esti. Dio kai kekragen ho theos, hoti Enkatelipete auton, pēgēn zōsan, kai ōryxate heautois lakkous syntetrimmenous, hoi ou dynēsontai synechein hydōr.
“For this circumcision is not necessary for all men, but for you alone, so that, as I said before, you might suffer what you now justly suffer. Nor do we receive that useless baptism of cisterns; for it is nothing compared with this baptism of life. That is why God cried out: ‘You have forsaken him, the living spring, and dug for yourselves broken cisterns, which cannot hold water.’
Jer 2:13 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Circumcision was not for all; Jewish washings are broken cisterns compared with the baptism of life.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (missing space)): κέκραγεν ὁθεός → κέκραγεν ὁ θεός.
Topics: Baptism
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 19.2 (Archambault 1:84; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-19-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
19.3Archambault 1:84–86
Καὶ ὑμεῖς μέν, οἱ τὴν σάρκα περιτετμημένοι, χρῄζετε τῆς ἡμετέρας περιτομῆς, ἡμεῖς δέ, ταύτην ἔχοντες, οὐδὲν ἐκείνης δεόμεθα. Εἰ γὰρ ἦν ἀναγκαία, ὡς δοκεῖτε, οὐκ ἂν ἀκρόβυστον ὁ θεὸς ἔπλασε τὸν Ἀδάμ, οὐδὲ ἐπέβλεψεν ἐπὶ τοῖς δώροις τοῦ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ σαρκὸς προσενέγκαντος θυσίας Ἄβελ, οὐδʼ ἂν εὐηρέστησεν ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ Ἐνώχ, καὶ οὐκ εὑρίσκετο, διότι μετέθηκεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεός.
Kai hymeis men, hoi tēn sarka peritetmēmenoi, chrę̄zete tēs hēmeteras peritomēs, hēmeis de, tautēn echontes, ouden ekeinēs deometha. Ei gar ēn anankaia, hōs dokeite, ouk an akrobyston ho theos eplase ton Adam, oude epeblepsen epi tois dōrois tou en akrobystią sarkos prosenenkantos thysias Abel, oudʼ an euērestēsen en akrobystią Enōch, kai ouk heurisketo, dioti metethēken auton ho theos.
“And you, who are circumcised in the flesh, need our circumcision; but we, having this one, have no need of that. For if it were necessary, as you think, God would not have made Adam uncircumcised, nor would he have looked on the gifts of Abel, who offered sacrifices while uncircumcised in the flesh, nor would Enoch have pleased him in uncircumcision, and was not found, because God translated him.
Gen 4:4 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 5:24 (allusion, high confidence) · Heb 11:5 (echo, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Adam, Abel, and Enoch pleased God without circumcision.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 19.3 (Archambault 1:84–86; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-19-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
19.4Archambault 1:86
Λὼτ ἀπερίτμητος ἐκ Σοδόμων ἐσώθη, αὐτῶν ἐκείνων τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτὸν καὶ τοῦ κυρίου προπεμψάντων. Νῶε, ἀρχὴ γένους ἄλλου, ἅμα τοῖς τέκνοις ἀπερίτμητος εἰς τὴν κιβωτὸν εἰσῆλθεν. Ἀπερίτμητος ἦν ὁ ἱερεὺς τοῦ ὑψίστου Μελχισεδέκ, ᾧ καὶ δεκάτας προσφορὰς ἔδωκεν Ἀβραάμ, ὁ πρῶτος τὴν κατὰ σάρκα περιτομὴν λαβών, καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτόν· οὗ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν τὸν αἰώνιον ἱερέα ὁ θεὸς καταστήσειν διὰ τοῦ Δαυῒδ μεμήνυκεν.
Lōt aperitmētos ek Sodomōn esōthē, autōn ekeinōn tōn angelōn auton kai tou kyriou propempsantōn. Nōe, archē genous allou, hama tois teknois aperitmētos eis tēn kibōton eisēlthen. Aperitmētos ēn ho hiereus tou hypsistou Melchisedek, hǭ kai dekatas prosphoras edōken Abraam, ho prōtos tēn kata sarka peritomēn labōn, kai eulogēsen auton; hou kata tēn taxin ton aiōnion hierea ho theos katastēsein dia tou Dauïd memēnyken.
“Lot, uncircumcised, was saved out of Sodom, the angels themselves and the Lord escorting him. Noah, the beginning of another race, entered the ark uncircumcised with his children. Melchizedek, the priest of the Most High, was uncircumcised, to whom Abraham, the first to receive circumcision in the flesh, gave tithe-offerings, and he blessed him; after whose order God declared through David that he would appoint the eternal priest.
Gen 19:16 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 7:7 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 14:18 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 14:20 (allusion, high confidence) · Ps 110:4 (109:4 LXX) (allusion, high confidence) · Heb 7:1 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Lot, Noah, and Melchizedek were uncircumcised; Christ is priest after Melchizedek's order.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): ὁ θεός καταστήσειν → ὁ θεὸς καταστήσειν.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 19.4 (Archambault 1:86; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-19-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
19.5Archambault 1:86–88
Ὑμῖν οὖν μόνοις ἀναγκαία ἦν ἡ περιτομὴ αὕτη, ἵνα ὁ λαὸς οὐ λαὸς ᾖ καὶ τὸ ἔθνος οὐκ ἔθνος, ὡς καὶ Ὠσηέ, εἷς τῶν δώδεκα προφητῶν, φησί. Καὶ γὰρ μὴ σαββατίσαντες οἱ προωνομασμένοι πάντες δίκαιοι τῷ θεῷ εὐηρέστησαν καὶ μετʼ αὐτοὺς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ οἱ τούτου υἱοὶ ἅπαντες μέχρι Μωσέως, ἐφʼ οὗ ἄδικος καὶ ἀχάριστος εἰς τὸν θεὸν ὁ λαὸς ὑμῶν ἐφάνη ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ μοσχοποιήσας,
Hymin oun monois anankaia ēn hē peritomē hautē, hina ho laos ou laos ę̄ kai to ethnos ouk ethnos, hōs kai Ōsēe, heis tōn dōdeka prophētōn, phēsi. Kai gar mē sabbatisantes hoi proōnomasmenoi pantes dikaioi tǭ theǭ euērestēsan kai metʼ autous Abraam kai hoi toutou huioi hapantes mechri Mōseōs, ephʼ hou adikos kai acharistos eis ton theon ho laos hymōn ephanē en tę̄ erēmǭ moschopoiēsas,
“For you alone, then, this circumcision was necessary, so that the people might be no people and the nation no nation, as Hosea, one of the twelve prophets, says. For all the righteous men named before pleased God without keeping the Sabbath, and after them Abraham and all his sons until Moses, under whom your people showed itself unjust and ungrateful toward God, making a calf in the wilderness.
Hos 1:9 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 32:4 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The righteous before Moses pleased God without the Sabbath; the law came after the golden calf.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (missing breathing); digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong breathing)): άναγκαία → ἀναγκαία; εἶς τῶν δώδεκα → εἷς τῶν δώδεκα; ἐφʼ οὖ ἄδικος → ἐφʼ οὗ ἄδικος.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 19.5 (Archambault 1:86–88; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-19-5).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
19.6Archambault 1:88–90
Ὅθεν ὁ θεὸς ἁρμοσάμενος πρὸς τὸν λαὸν ἐκεῖνον καὶ θυσίας φέρειν ὡς πρὸς ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐνετείλατο, ἵνα μὴ εἰδωλολατρῆτε· ὅπερ οὐδὲ ἐφυλάξατε, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν ἐθύετε τοῖς δαιμονίοις. Καὶ σαββατίζειν οὖν ὑμῖν προστέταχεν, ἵνα μνήμην λαμβάνητε τοῦ θεοῦ· καὶ γὰρ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ τοῦτο σημαίνει λέγων· Τοῦ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεὸς ὁ λυτρωσάμενος ὑμᾶς.
Hothen ho theos harmosamenos pros ton laon ekeinon kai thysias pherein hōs pros onoma autou eneteilato, hina mē eidōlolatrēte; hoper oude ephylaxate, alla kai ta tekna hymōn ethyete tois daimoniois. Kai sabbatizein oun hymin prostetachen, hina mnēmēn lambanēte tou theou; kai gar ho logos autou touto sēmainei legōn; Tou ginōskein hoti egō eimi ho theos ho lytrōsamenos hymas.
“Hence God, accommodating himself to that people, commanded them also to offer sacrifices as to his name, so that you might not worship idols; which you did not keep either, but even sacrificed your children to demons. And he commanded you to keep the Sabbath, that you might keep God in remembrance; for his word signifies this, saying: ‘That you may know that I am the God who redeemed you.’
Ps 106:37 (105:37 LXX) (allusion, high confidence) · Ezek 20:12 (quotation, medium confidence) · Ezek 20:20 (quotation, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Sacrifices and the Sabbath were concessions to keep Israel from idolatry.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 19.6 (Archambault 1:88–90; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-19-6).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 20
20.1Archambault 1:90
Καὶ γὰρ βρωμάτων τινῶν ἀπέχεσθαι προσέταξεν ὑμῖν, ἵνα καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ἔχητε τὸν θεόν, εὐκατάφοροι ὄντες καὶ εὐχερεῖς πρὸς τὸ ἀφίστασθαι τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῦ, ὡς καὶ Μωσῆς φησιν· Ἔφαγε καὶ ἔπιεν ὁ λαὸς καὶ ἀνέστη τοῦ παίζειν. Καὶ πάλιν· Ἔφαγεν Ἰακὼβ καὶ ἐνεπλήσθη, καὶ ἐλιπάνθη, καὶ ἀπελάκτισεν ὁ ἠγαπημένος· ἐλιπάνθη, ἐπαχύνθη, ἐπλατύνθη, καὶ ἐγκατέλιπε θεὸν τὸν ποιήσαντα αὐτόν. Τῷ γὰρ Νῶε ὃτι συγκεχώρητο ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, δικαίῳ ὄντι, πᾶν ἔμψυχον ἐσθίειν πλὴν κρέας ἐν αἵματι, ὅπερ ἐστὶ νεκριμαῖον, διὰ Μωσέως ἀνιστορήθη ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τῆς Γενέσεως.
Kai gar brōmatōn tinōn apechesthai prosetaxen hymin, hina kai en tǭ esthiein kai pinein pro ophthalmōn echēte ton theon, eukataphoroi ontes kai euchereis pros to aphistasthai tēs gnōseōs autou, hōs kai Mōsēs phēsin; Ephage kai epien ho laos kai anestē tou paizein. Kai palin; Ephagen Iakōb kai eneplēsthē, kai elipanthē, kai apelaktisen ho ēgapēmenos; elipanthē, epachynthē, eplatynthē, kai enkatelipe theon ton poiēsanta auton. Tǭ gar Nōe hoti synkechōrēto hypo tou theou, dikaiǭ onti, pan empsychon esthiein plēn kreas en haimati, hoper esti nekrimaion, dia Mōseōs anistorēthē hymin en tę̄ biblǭ tēs Geneseōs.
“For he also commanded you to abstain from certain foods, so that even in eating and drinking you might have God before your eyes, since you were prone and quick to depart from the knowledge of him, as Moses also says: ‘The people ate and drank and rose up to play.’ And again: ‘Jacob ate and was filled, and grew fat, and the beloved kicked; he grew fat, grew thick, grew broad, and forsook God who made him.’ For it has been recounted to you by Moses in the book of Genesis that God allowed Noah, a righteous man, to eat every living creature, except flesh with its blood, that is, what has died of itself.
Exod 32:6 (quotation, high confidence) · 1 Cor 10:7 (echo, medium confidence) · Deut 32:15 (quotation, high confidence) · Gen 9:3 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 9:4 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Food laws were given to keep an easily straying people mindful of God; Noah could eat all meat.
- “Flesh with its blood, that is, what has died of itself” (νεκριμαῖον): Justin's interpretation of Gen 9:4.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 20.1 (Archambault 1:90; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-20-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
20.2Archambault 1:90–92
Καὶ βουλομένου αὐτοῦ εἰπεῖν Ὡς λάχανα χόρτου, προεῖπον ἐγώ· Τὸ ὡς λάχανα χόρτου τοῦ μὴ ἀκούσεσθε ὡς εἴρηται ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅτι ὡς τὰ λάχανα εἰς τροφὴν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐπεποιήκει ὁ θεός, οὕτως καὶ τὰ ζῶα εἰς κρεωφαγίαν ἐδεδώκει; Ἀλλʼ ἐπεί τινα τῶν χόρτων οὐκ ἐσθίομεν, οὕτω καὶ διαστολὴν ἔκτοτε τῷ Νῶε διεστάλθαι φατέ.
Kai boulomenou autou eipein Hōs lachana chortou, proeipon egō; To hōs lachana chortou tou mē akousesthe hōs eirētai hypo tou theou, hoti hōs ta lachana eis trophēn tǭ anthrōpǭ epepoiēkei ho theos, houtōs kai ta zōa eis kreōphagian ededōkei? Allʼ epei tina tōn chortōn ouk esthiomen, houtō kai diastolēn ektote tǭ Nōe diestalthai phate.
And when he was about to say, “As the green herbs,” I said first: “Why do you not understand ‘as the green herbs’ as spoken by God, meaning that as God had made the herbs for man's food, so he had given the animals for eating meat? But since we do not eat some herbs, you say that a distinction was also made for Noah from that time.
Gen 9:3 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Trypho begins to cite “as the green herbs”; Justin anticipates his objection.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): εἰπεὶν → εἰπεῖν; τροφὴν τῳ ἀνθρώπῳ → τροφὴν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ; διαστολήν ἔκτοτε → διαστολὴν ἔκτοτε.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 20.2 (Archambault 1:90–92; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-20-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
20.3Archambault 1:92
Οὐκ ὡς ἐξηγεῖσθε πιστευτέον. Πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ὅτι πᾶν λάχανον χόρτου ἔστι καὶ βιβρώσκεσθαι δυνάμενος λέγειν καὶ κρατύνειν, οὐκ ἐν τούτῳ ἀσχοληθήσομαι. Ἀλλὰ εἰ καὶ τὰ λάχανα τοῦ χόρτου διακρίνομεν, μὴ πάντα ἐσθίοντες, οὐ διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὰ κοινὰ ἢ ἀκάθαρτα οὐκ ἐσθίομεν, ἀλλʼ ἢ διὰ τὸ πικρὰ ἢ θανάσιμα ἢ ἀκανθώδη· τῶν δὲ γλυκέων πάντων καὶ τροφιμωτάτων καὶ καλλίστων, θαλασσίων τε καὶ χερσαίων, ἐφιέμεθα καὶ μετέχομεν.
Ouk hōs exēgeisthe pisteuteon. Prōton men gar hoti pan lachanon chortou esti kai bibrōskesthai dynamenos legein kai kratynein, ouk en toutǭ ascholēthēsomai. Alla ei kai ta lachana tou chortou diakrinomen, mē panta esthiontes, ou dia to einai auta koina ē akatharta ouk esthiomen, allʼ ē dia to pikra ē thanasima ē akanthōdē; tōn de glykeōn pantōn kai trophimōtatōn kai kallistōn, thalassiōn te kai chersaiōn, ephiemetha kai metechomen.
“It must not be believed as you explain it. First, I will not spend time on this, though I could say and prove that every green herb is fit to be eaten. But even if we distinguish among the green herbs and do not eat them all, we do not refrain from eating them because they are common or unclean, but because they are bitter or deadly or thorny; and we seek and partake of all those that are sweet and most nourishing and finest, both of the sea and of the land.
Acts 10:14 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christians avoid some foods for practical reasons, not because they are unclean.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 20.3 (Archambault 1:92; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-20-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
20.4Archambault 1:92
Οὕτω καὶ τῶν ἀκαθάρτων καὶ ἀδίκων καὶ παρανόμων ἀπέχεσθαι ὑμᾶς ἐκέλευσεν ὁ θεὸς διὰ Μωσέως, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὸ μάννα ἐσθίοντες ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ τὰ θαυμάσια πάντα ὁρῶντες ὑμῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ γινόμενα, μόσχον τὸν χρύσεον ποιήσαντες προσεκυνεῖτε. Ὥστε δικαίως ἀεὶ βοᾷ· Υἱοὶ ἀσύνετοι, οὐκ ἔστι πίστις ἐν αὐτοῖς.
Houtō kai tōn akathartōn kai adikōn kai paranomōn apechesthai hymas ekeleusen ho theos dia Mōseōs, epeidē kai to manna esthiontes en tę̄ erēmǭ kai ta thaumasia panta horōntes hymin hypo tou theou ginomena, moschon ton chryseon poiēsantes prosekyneite. Hōste dikaiōs aei boą; Huioi asynetoi, ouk esti pistis en autois.
“So too God commanded you through Moses to abstain from unclean and unjust and lawless things, because even while you were eating the manna in the wilderness and seeing all the wonders done for you by God, you made the golden calf and worshiped it. So that he rightly cries always: ‘Senseless sons, there is no faith in them.’”
Exod 16:35 (allusion, medium confidence) · Exod 32:4 (allusion, high confidence) · Deut 32:20 (quotation, high confidence) · Jer 4:22 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The food laws were given because of Israel's idolatry.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 20.4 (Archambault 1:92; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-20-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
Chapter 21
21.1Archambault 1:92–94
Καὶ ὅτι διὰ τὰς ἀδικίας ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν εἰς σημεῖον, ὡς προέφην, καὶ τὸ σάββατον ἐντέταλται ὁ θεὸς φυλάσσειν ὑμᾶς καὶ τὰ ἄλλα προστάγματα προσετετάχει, καὶ σημαίνει ὅτι διὰ τὰ ἔθνη, ἵνα μὴ βεβηλωθῇ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ παρʼ αὐτοῖς, διὰ τοῦτο εἴασέ τινας ἐξ ὑμῶν ὅλως ζῶντας, αὐταὶ αἱ φωναὶ αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν ποιήσασθαι δύνανται ὑμῖν.
Kai hoti dia tas adikias hymōn kai tōn paterōn hymōn eis sēmeion, hōs proephēn, kai to sabbaton entetaltai ho theos phylassein hymas kai ta alla prostagmata prosetetachei, kai sēmainei hoti dia ta ethnē, hina mē bebēlōthę̄ to onoma autou parʼ autois, dia touto eiase tinas ex hymōn holōs zōntas, autai hai phōnai autou tēn apodeixin poiēsasthai dynantai hymin.
“And that God commanded you to keep the Sabbath, and imposed the other precepts, as a sign, as I said before, because of your unrighteousness and that of your fathers; and that he indicates that it was for the sake of the nations, so that his name might not be profaned among them, that he let some of you remain alive at all: his own words can prove this to you.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ezekiel shows that the Sabbath was given as a sign because of Israel's sins.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Archambault's printed text (wrong accent)): αἱ φωναί αὐτοῦ → αἱ φωναὶ αὐτοῦ.
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 21.1 (Archambault 1:92–94; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-21-1).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
21.2Archambault 1:94
Εἰσὶ δὲ εἰρημέναι διὰ τοῦ Ἰεζεκιὴλ οὕτως· Ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν· ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου πορεύεσθε, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου φυλάσσετε, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν Αἰγύπτου μὴ συναναμίγνυσθε, καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἁγιάζετε, καὶ ἔσται εἰς σημεῖον ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ὑμῶν τοῦ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν. Καὶ παρεπικράνατέ με, καὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου οὐκ ἐπορεύθησαν, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου οὐκ ἐφύλαξαν τοῦ ποιεῖν αὐτά, ἃ πονήσας αὐτὰ ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ τὰ σάββατά μου ἐβεβήλουν.
Eisi de eirēmenai dia tou Iezekiēl houtōs; Egō kyrios ho theos hymōn; en tois prostagmasi mou poreuesthe, kai ta dikaiōmata mou phylassete, kai en tois epitēdeumasin Aigyptou mē synanamignysthe, kai ta sabbata mou hagiazete, kai estai eis sēmeion ana meson emou kai hymōn tou ginōskein hoti egō kyrios ho theos hymōn. Kai parepikranate me, kai ta tekna hymōn en tois prostagmasi mou ouk eporeuthēsan, kai ta dikaiōmata mou ouk ephylaxan tou poiein auta, ha ponēsas auta anthrōpos zēsetai en autois, alla ta sabbata mou ebebēloun.
“They were spoken through Ezekiel thus: ‘I am the Lord your God; walk in my statutes, and keep my ordinances, and do not mingle with the practices of Egypt; and hallow my Sabbaths, and it shall be a sign between me and you, that you may know that I am the Lord your God. And you provoked me, and your children did not walk in my statutes, and did not keep my ordinances to do them, which if a man does he shall live by them; but they profaned my Sabbaths.
Ezek 20:19 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 20:20 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 20:21 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ezek 20:19–21.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 21.2 (Archambault 1:94; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-21-2).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
21.3Archambault 1:94
Καὶ εἶπα τοῦ ἐκχέαι τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τοῦ συντελέσαι ὀργήν μου ἐπʼ αὐτούς, καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησα, ὅπως τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ παράπαν μὴ βεβηλωθῇ ἐνώπιον τῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἐξήγαγον αὐτοὺς κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν. Καὶ ἐγὼ ἐξῇρα τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, τοῦ διασκορπίσαι ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι καὶ διασπεῖραι αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς χώραις, ἀνθʼ ὧν τὰ δικαιώματά μου οὐκ ἐποίησαν, καὶ τὰ προστάγματά μου ἀπώσαντο, καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἐβεβήλουν, καὶ ὀπίσω τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν ἦσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν.
Kai eipa tou ekcheai ton thymon mou epʼ autous en tę̄ erēmǭ tou syntelesai orgēn mou epʼ autous, kai ouk epoiēsa, hopōs to onoma mou to parapan mē bebēlōthę̄ enōpion tōn ethnōn, kai exēgagon autous katʼ ophthalmous autōn. Kai egō exę̄ra tēn cheira mou epʼ autous en tę̄ erēmǭ, tou diaskorpisai en tois ethnesi kai diaspeirai autous en tais chōrais, anthʼ hōn ta dikaiōmata mou ouk epoiēsan, kai ta prostagmata mou apōsanto, kai ta sabbata mou ebebēloun, kai opisō tōn enthymēmatōn tōn paterōn autōn ēsan hoi ophthalmoi autōn.
“‘And I said I would pour out my wrath on them in the wilderness, to accomplish my anger on them; and I did not do it, so that my name might not be utterly profaned before the nations, and I brought them out before their eyes. And I lifted up my hand against them in the wilderness, to scatter them among the nations and disperse them in the countries, because they did not do my ordinances, and rejected my statutes, and profaned my Sabbaths, and their eyes were after the desires of their fathers.
Ezek 20:21 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 20:22 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 20:23 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 20:24 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ezek 20:21–24.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (elision mark and missing space)): ἐπ᾿αὐτούς → ἐπʼ αὐτούς.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 21.3 (Archambault 1:94; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-21-3).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.
21.4Archambault 1:94–96
Καὶ ἐγὼ ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς προστάγματα οὐ καλά, καὶ δικαιώματα ἐν οἷς οὐ ζήσονται ἐν αὐτοῖς· καὶ μιανῶ αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς δώμασιν αὐτῶν, ἐν τῷ διαπορεύεσθαί με πᾶν διανοῖγον μήτραν ὅπως ἀφανίσω.
Kai egō edōka autois prostagmata ou kala, kai dikaiōmata en hois ou zēsontai en autois; kai mianō autous en tois dōmasin autōn, en tǭ diaporeuesthai me pan dianoigon mētran hopōs aphanisō.
“‘And I gave them statutes that were not good, and ordinances by which they shall not live; and I will defile them in their gifts, when I pass through every one that opens the womb, that I may destroy them.’
Ezek 20:25 (quotation, high confidence) · Ezek 20:26 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Ezek 20:25–26: God gave statutes that were not good.
- Ezekiel's “statutes that were not good” is a key text for Justin's view that parts of the law were given because of Israel's sin.
Topics: Scripture and canon
Cite (SBL): Justin, Dial. 21.4 (Archambault 1:94–96; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-dialogue/12-1/#p-21-4).
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Archambault (1909); made independently of existing English translations.