Against Celsus 3.58
Summary: Christians speak freely before good fathers and teachers; they turn youths away only from immoral teachers, and they build on a good philosophical education to lead students to the deeper wisdom of the prophets and apostles.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:252–253
Οἱ δὲ παρὰ τῷ Κέλσῳ παραπλήσιοι τοῖς ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις ἐριουργοῖς ὅμοιοι δὲ καὶ τοῖς σκυτοτόμοις καὶ κναφεῦσι καὶ ἀπαιδευτοτάτοις ἀγροίκοις παρόντος μὲν πατρὸς καὶ διδασκάλων οὐδέν φησι λέγειν ἐθελήσουσιν οὐδὲ δυνήσονται τοῖς παισὶν ἑρμηνεύειν ἀγαθόν. καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο δʼ ἐροῦμεν· ποίου φῂς. ὦ οὗτος, πατρὸς καὶ ποίου διδασκάλου; εἰ μὲν τοῦ ἀρετὴν ἀποδεχομένου καὶ κακίαν ἀποστρεφομένου καὶ ἀσπαζομένου τὰ κρείττονα, ἄκουε ὅτι καὶ μάλα θαῤῥοῦντες ὡς εὐδοκιμοῦντες παρὰ τῷ τοιούτῳ κριτῇ ἐροῦμεν τοῖς παισὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα. εἰ δʼ ἐνώπιον πατρὸς διαβεβοημένου πρὸς ἀρετὴν καὶ καλοκἀγαθίαν σιωπῶμεν καὶ τῶν τὰ ἐναντία τῷ ὑγιεῖ λόγῳ διδασκόντων, τοῦτο μηδʼ ἡμῖν ἐγκάλει, οὐ γὰρ εὐλόγως ἐγκαλεῖς, καὶ σὺ γοῦν τὰ φιλοσοφίας ὄργια τοῖς νέοις καὶ υἱοῖς, πατέρων ἀργὸν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀνωφελὲς νομιζόντων φιλοσοφίαν, παραδιδοὺς τοῖς παισὶν οὐκ ἐπὶ τῶν φαύλων πατέρων ἐρεῖς· ἀλλὰ βουλόμενος χωρίζεσθαι τοὺς προτραπέντας ἐπὶ φιλοσοφίαν υἱοὺς τῶν μοχθηρῶν πατέρων ἐπιτηρήσεις καιροὺς, ἵνα καθίκωνται οἱ φιλοσοφίας λόγοι τῶν νέων, καὶ περὶ τῶν διδασκάλων δὲ τὰ αὐτὰ φήσομεν, εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἀποτρέπομεν διδασκάλων διδασκόντων τὰ ἄσεμνα τῆς κωμῳδίας καὶ τοὺς ἀκολάστους τῶν ἰάμβων καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα, ἃ μήτε τὸν λέγοντα ἐπιστρέφει μήτε τοὺς ἀκούοντας ὠφελεῖ, καὶ μὴ εἰδότας φιλοσόφως ἀκούειν ποιημάτων καὶ ἐπιλέγειν ἑκάστοις τὰ συντείνοντα εἰς ὠφέλειαν τῶν νέων, τοῦτο ποιοῦντες οὐκ αἰσχυνόμεθα ὁμολογεῖν τὸ πραττόμενον· εἰ δὲ παραστήσεις μοι διδασκάλους πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν προπαιδεύοντας καὶ ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ γυμνάζοντας, οὐκ ἀποτρέψω μὲν ἀπὸ τούτων τοὺς νέους πειράσομαι δὲ προγυμνασαμένους αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐν ἐγκυκλίοις μαθήμασι καὶ τοῖς φιλοσοφουμένοις ἀναβιβάσαι ἐπὶ τὸ σεμνὸν καὶ ὑψηλὸν τῆς λεληθυίας τοὺς πολλοὺς Χριστιανῶν μεγαλοφωνίας, περὶ τῶν μεγίστων καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτων διαλαμβανόντων καὶ ἀποδεικνύντων καὶ παριστάντων αὐτὰ πεφιλοσοφῆσθαι παρὰ τοῖς τοῦ θεοῦ προφήταις καὶ τοῖς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἀποστόλοις.
English · Claude translation
Those whom Celsus likens to wool-workers in houses, and compares to cobblers, fullers, and the most uneducated boors, “will not want,” he says, “nor be able, while the father and teachers are present, to explain anything good to the children.” To this too we shall say: What sort of father do you mean, sir, and what sort of teacher? If one who approves virtue, turns from vice, and embraces better things, hear that we shall speak our teachings to the children with great confidence, knowing we shall win approval before such a judge. But if we keep silent in the presence of a father notorious for hostility to virtue and nobility of character, and of those who teach things contrary to sound reason, do not blame us for this, for you would not blame us reasonably. You yourself, at any rate, when handing on the mysteries of philosophy to young men and sons whose fathers consider philosophy an idle and useless business, will not speak in front of the bad fathers; but, wishing to separate the sons who have been drawn to philosophy from their wretched fathers, you will watch for opportunities for the words of philosophy to reach the young. And we shall say the same about teachers. If we turn people away from teachers who teach the indecencies of comedy and the licentious iambics and whatever else neither improves the speaker nor benefits the hearers, and who do not know how to hear poetry philosophically and to pick out in each work what tends to the benefit of the young, we are not ashamed to admit that we do this. But if you present to me teachers who give a preparatory education for philosophy and train people in philosophy, I will not turn the young away from them, but will try, when they have been trained first as in the general studies and in philosophical subjects, to raise them to the majestic and lofty grandeur of Christian speech, hidden from the many, which treats the greatest and most necessary matters and demonstrates and shows that they were treated philosophically by the prophets of God and the apostles of Jesus.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The “general studies” (ἐγκύκλια μαθήματα) are the standard liberal curriculum preparatory to philosophy.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 3.58 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/58/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 3.58 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/58/).
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