Against Celsus 4.59
Summary: Just as buildings differ according to their use, so bodies differ according to the souls that dwell in them; no wise person would bury Socrates and his accuser Anytus with equal honor.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:331
Καὶ γὰρ ἄτοπον λίθους μὲν λίθων καὶ οἰκοδομήματα οἰκοδομημάτων νομίζεσθαι εἶναι καθαρώτερα ἢ μιαρώτερα παρὰ τὸ εἰς τιμὴν τοῦ θείου κατεσκευάσθαι ἢ εἰς ἀτιμοτάτων σωμάτων καὶ ἐναγῶν ὑποδοχὴν, σώματα δὲ σωμάτων μὴ διαφέρειν παρὰ τὸ λογικὰ εἶναι τὰ ἐνοικήσαντα ἢ ἄλογα, καὶ λογικῶν τὰ σπουδαιότερα ἢ τοὺς φαυλοτάτους ἀνθρώπους. τὸ τοιοῦτόν γε πεποίηκε τολμῆσαί τινας ἀποθεῶσαι μὲν τὰ τῶν διαφερόντων σώματα ὡς δεξάμενα ψυχὴν σπουδαίαν. ἀποῤῥίψαι δὲ ἢ ἀτιμάσαι τὰ τῶν φαυλοτάτων· οὐχ ὅτι πάντως τὸ τοιοῦτον ὑγιῶς γεγένηται, ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἀπό τινος ἐννοίας ὑγιοῦς ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν. ἢ ὁμοίως ὁ σοφὸς μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν Ἀνύτου καὶ Σωκράτους φροντίσει τῆς ταφῆς τοῦ Σωκράτους σώματος καὶ τῆς Ἀνύτου καὶ τὸ παραπλήσιον ἀμφοτέροις κατασκευάσει ἠρίον ἢ τάφον; καὶ ταῦτα δὲ διὰ τὸ ὧν οὐδὲν ἔργον θεοῦ, τοῦ ὧν ἀναφερομένου ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου σῶμα ἢ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ σώματος ὄφεων καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ βοὸς ἢ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ σώματος βοὸς μελισσῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἵππου ἢ ὄνου καὶ τῶν ἐξ ἵππου μὲν σφηκῶν ἐξ ὄνου δὲ κανθάρων, διʼ ἃ ἠναγκάσθημεν ἐπαναλαβεῖν καὶ τὸ ψυχὴ μὲν θεοῦ ἔργον, σώματος δὲ ἄλλη φύσις.
English · Claude translation
For it is absurd that stones should be thought purer or more defiled than stones, and buildings than buildings, according as they have been built for the honor of the divine or to receive the most dishonorable and accursed bodies, while bodies should not differ from bodies according as their inhabitants are rational or irrational, and, among rational ones, according as they are the better people or the worst of men. Such a view has led some to dare to deify the bodies of eminent men as having received a good soul, and to cast out or dishonor those of the worst; not that such a thing has always been done soundly, but that it had its origin in a sound notion. Or will the wise man, after the death of Anytus and Socrates, care alike for the burial of the body of Socrates and that of Anytus, and build a similar monument or tomb for both? And we have said these things because of the phrase “of which none is the work of God,” the “of which” referring to the body of a man, or the serpents that come from the body, and to that of an ox, or the bees that come from the body of an ox, and to that of a horse or donkey, and the wasps from a horse and beetles from a donkey; on account of which we were compelled to take up again the statement, “The soul is the work of God, but the nature of the body is different.”
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- Anytus was one of Socrates' accusers.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 4.59 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/59/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 4.59 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/59/).
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