Seven Books of History against the Pagans 5.15.1–5.19.24
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 5, chapter 15
5.15.1CSEL 5:308
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXXXV P. Scipione Nasica et L. Calpurnio Bestia consulibus Iugurthae Numidarum regi bellum consensu populi Romani senatus indixit.
In the 635th year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Publius Scipio Nasica and Lucius Calpurnius Bestia, the senate, with the consent of the Roman people, declared war on Jugurtha, king of the Numidians.
Notes and citation
Summary: War is declared on Jugurtha.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.1 (CSEL 5:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.2CSEL 5:308
Sed ego de Iugurtha ordinis tantum loco et causa commemorationis breuiter perstrinxerim, quia ut de natura eius uaria atque intolerabili ita et de rebus tam dolose quam strenue gestis propter opimam scriptorum luculentiam satis sufficiens apud omnes notitia est.
But I would touch on Jugurtha only briefly, for the sake of order and as a matter of record, because, as about his varied and intolerable nature, so also about his deeds, done as craftily as vigorously, there is sufficient knowledge among all because of the rich brilliance of the writers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius will be brief on Jugurtha, whom others have described.
- The reference is chiefly to Sallust's Jugurthine War.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): scriptorum. luculentiam → scriptorum luculentiam.
Extrabiblical texts: Sallust (Sallust; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.2 (CSEL 5:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.3CSEL 5:308
Igitur Iugurtha, Micipsae Numidarum regis adoptiuus heresque inter naturales eius filios factus, primum coheredes suos, id est Hiempsalem occidit, Adherbalem bello uictum Africa expulit.
So Jugurtha, adopted by Micipsa, king of the Numidians, and made heir among his natural sons, first killed his coheirs, that is, Hiempsal, and drove Adherbal, defeated in war, out of Africa.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jugurtha kills and expels Micipsa's sons.
- Orosius's “coheredes … id est Hiempsalem” is loose; Adherbal was the other coheir, later also killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): adoptiuns → adoptiuus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.3 (CSEL 5:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.4CSEL 5:308
Calpurnium deinde consulem aduersum se missum pecunia corrupit atque ad turpissimas condiciones pacis adduxit.
Then he bribed the consul Calpurnius, who was sent against him, and brought him to most shameful terms of peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jugurtha bribes Calpurnius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.4 (CSEL 5:308; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.5CSEL 5:308–309
praeterea cum Romam ipse uenisset, omnibus pecunia aut corruptis aut adtemptatis seditiones dissensionesque permiscuit; quam cum egrederetur infami satis notauit elogio dicens: o urbem uenalem et mature perituram, si emptorem inuenerit!
Moreover, when he himself had come to Rome, having either bribed or tempted everyone with money, he stirred up seditions and dissensions; and as he left the City he branded it with an infamous enough saying: “O city for sale, and soon to perish, if it finds a buyer!”
Notes and citation
Summary: Jugurtha's saying about venal Rome.
- The saying is also in Sallust, Jugurthine War 35.10.
Extrabiblical texts: Sallust, Jug. 35.10 (Sallust; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.5 (CSEL 5:308–309; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.6CSEL 5:309
Insequenti anno A. Postumium, Postumii consulis fratrem, quem is quadraginta milium armatorum exercitui praefecerat, apud Calamam urbem thesauris regiis conditis inhiantem bello oppressit atque uicto ignominiosissimum foedus exegit. uniuersam paene Africam a Romanis deficientem regno suo iunxit.
In the following year he crushed in war Aulus Postumius, brother of the consul Postumius, whom the consul had put in command of an army of forty thousand armed men, while he was coveting the royal treasures stored at the city of Calama, and exacted from him when defeated a most ignominious treaty. He joined to his kingdom almost all of Africa as it fell away from the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jugurtha defeats Aulus Postumius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): adque uicto → atque uicto.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.6 (CSEL 5:309; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.7CSEL 5:309
postea tamen Metelli consulis integritate et disciplina coercitus, duobus etiam proeliis uictus uidit praesente se et uastari Numidiam suam et non posse defendi: a quo ad deditionem coactus trecentos obsides dedit, frumentum atque alios commeatus persoluturum sese spopondit, tria milia amplius perfugarum reddidit.
Afterward, however, checked by the integrity and discipline of the consul Metellus, and defeated in two battles, he saw his Numidia both laid waste in his presence and unable to be defended; forced by him to surrender, he gave three hundred hostages, promised to pay grain and other supplies, and returned more than three thousand deserters.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metellus forces Jugurtha's surrender.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.7 (CSEL 5:309; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.8CSEL 5:309–310
exim cum incertus in pace improbos non cohiberet excursus, C. Marii consulis non minore paene, quam ipse praeditus erat, astutia Romanisque uiribus fractus est, maxime postquam Marius urbem Capsam, ab Hercule Phoenice ut ferunt conditam, regiis tunc thesauris confertissimam dolo circumuenit et cepit.
Then, when, unsettled in peace, he did not restrain his wicked raids, he was broken by the cunning of the consul Gaius Marius, hardly less than his own, and by the Roman forces, especially after Marius by a stratagem surrounded and took the city of Capsa, founded, as they say, by the Phoenician Hercules, which was then crammed with royal treasures.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius takes Capsa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.8 (CSEL 5:309–310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.9CSEL 5:310
diffidens deinde propriis rebus et uiribus Iugurtha societatem cum Boccho Maurorum rege fecit, cuius equitatu in immensum auctus Marianum exercitum creberrimis incursionibus fatigauit.
Then, distrusting his own affairs and strength, Jugurtha made an alliance with Bocchus, king of the Moors; enormously increased by his cavalry, he wore out Marius's army with very frequent raids.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jugurtha allies with Bocchus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): so cietatem cum Boccho Manrorum → societatem cum Boccho Maurorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.9 (CSEL 5:310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.10CSEL 5:310
postremo apud Cirtam, urbem antiquam, Masinissae regiam, aduersum Romanos expugnationem eius parantes sexaginta milibus equitum instructus occurrit.
Finally, at Cirta, an ancient city, the royal seat of Masinissa, he met the Romans, who were preparing to storm it, with sixty thousand cavalry.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle near Cirta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.10 (CSEL 5:310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.11CSEL 5:310
numquam ulla Romano militi tumultuosior pugna et terribilior fuit, adeo ut discursu et fremitu circumcursantium et impetentium equitum suscitatus puluis caelum subtexuerit, diem ademerit noctemque obduxerit, tantus autem telorum nimbus ingruerit, ut nulla pars corporis ab ictu tuta esset, quippe quibus et uisus ad prospiciendum impedimento caliginis et
Never was any battle more tumultuous and terrifying for the Roman soldier, so much so that the dust raised by the running and noise of the cavalry riding around and charging covered the sky, took away the day, and brought on night, and so great a cloud of missiles fell on them that no part of the body was safe from a blow, since for them both sight for looking ahead was hindered by the darkness and
Notes and citation
Summary: The terrifying cavalry battle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): impedimento caliginis et. → impedimento caliginis et.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.11 (CSEL 5:310; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.12CSEL 5:310–311
expeditio ad cauendum compressione multitudinis deerat. nec laborabat eques Maurus ac Numida, ut bene conlocatum hostem opportuno teli impetu rimaretur, sed potius in incertum pila mittebant certi quod uulnera incerta non essent. ita coacti in unum Romani pedites densabantur. intercapedinem tanti periculi nox interueniens dedit.
freedom of movement for taking care was lacking because of the pressure of the crowd. Nor did the Moorish and Numidian horseman labor to search out a well-placed enemy with a well-timed throw of a missile; rather they threw their javelins at random, certain that the wounds would not be uncertain. So the Roman infantry were forced together into one mass. Night intervening gave a respite from such great danger.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Romans are pressed together; night brings relief.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): coacti in anum → coacti in unum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.12 (CSEL 5:310–311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.13CSEL 5:311
eadem postera die et belli et periculi facies: erumpere in hostem quamuis stricto miles gladio non ualebat, eminus enim iaculis repellebatur; fugere non poterant, undique enim uelocior ad persequendum eques incluserat.
The next day the face of war and danger was the same: the soldier, though his sword was drawn, could not break out against the enemy, for he was driven back by javelins from a distance; they could not flee, for the cavalry, swifter to pursue, had shut them in on every side.
Notes and citation
Summary: The second day of the battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.13 (CSEL 5:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.14CSEL 5:311
iam tertia dies et nullum undecumque suffragium, dira undique mortis facies obiciebatur: tandem Marius consul forti desperatione spei uiam fecit, uniuerso simul agmine prorupit e uallo campoque sese simul et proelio dedit.
Now it was the third day, and there was no help from anywhere; the dreadful face of death was presented on every side. At last the consul Marius by brave despair made a way for hope: he broke out from the rampart with the whole column at once and gave himself to the field and to battle together.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius breaks out on the third day.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.14 (CSEL 5:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.15CSEL 5:311
et cum iterum circumfusi hostes non solum agminis extrema laniarent, uerum etiam media excussis procul telis caederent turbatosque Romanos insuper etiam aestus solis, intolerantia sitis, mortis circumstantia usque ad extremum desperationis defetigaret, subito notum illud Romanorum aduersus Afros tempestatum imbriumque suffragium caelo missum insperatae saluti fuit.
And when the enemy, surrounding them again, were not only mangling the ends of the column but also cutting down its middle with missiles hurled from afar, and the heat of the sun besides, unbearable thirst, and death standing all around were wearing the confused Romans down to the last extreme of despair, suddenly that well-known help of storms and rain sent from heaven to the Romans against the Africans brought unhoped-for safety.
Notes and citation
Summary: A sudden rainstorm saves the Romans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.15 (CSEL 5:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.16CSEL 5:311
siquidem repentina pluuia sitientibus Romanis et aestuantibus refrigerium potumque praebuit, porro autem Numidis hastilia telorum, quae manu intorquere sine ammentis solent, lubrica ac per hoc inutilia reddidit;
For the sudden rain gave refreshment and drink to the thirsty and overheated Romans, while it made slippery and therefore useless the shafts of the Numidians' javelins, which they are accustomed to hurl by hand without throwing-thongs;
Notes and citation
Summary: The rain disables the Numidian javelins.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.16 (CSEL 5:311; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.17CSEL 5:311–312
scuta etiam, quae elephanti corio extento atque durato habilia et tuta gestabant — cuius ea natura est, ut acceptum imbrem tamquam spongia ebibat ac per hoc intractabile repentino pondere fiat — quia circumferri non poterant, defendere nequiuerunt. ita ex insperato conturbatis destitutisque Mauris ac Numidis Bocchus ac Iugurtha fugerunt.
and the shields too, which, made of elephant hide stretched and hardened, they carried as handy and safe (its nature is such that it drinks in rain like a sponge and so becomes unmanageable from the sudden weight), since they could not be carried about, could not protect them. So, the Moors and Numidians being unexpectedly thrown into confusion and left helpless, Bocchus and Jugurtha fled.
Notes and citation
Summary: The sodden shields fail; the kings flee.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.17 (CSEL 5:311–312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.18CSEL 5:312
post hoc nonaginta milia armatorum nouissimo bello ab isdem regibus obiecta; haec quoque usque ad internecionem Romanis uincentibus caesa referuntur. ex eo Bocchus spem belli abiciens, pacem petiuit atque in pretium pacis Iugurtham dolo captum catenisque obrutum per Sullam legatum misit ad Marium.
After this ninety thousand armed men were thrown against them in a last battle by the same kings; these too are reported to have been slaughtered to the point of annihilation as the Romans conquered. From then on Bocchus, abandoning hope of war, sought peace, and as the price of peace he had Jugurtha captured by treachery and sent him, loaded with chains, through the legate Sulla to Marius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bocchus betrays Jugurtha to Marius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.18 (CSEL 5:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.19CSEL 5:312
qui in triumpho ante currum cum duobus filiis suis actus et mox in carcere strangulatus est.
He was driven in the triumph before the chariot with his two sons and soon strangled in prison.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jugurtha's end.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.19 (CSEL 5:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.20CSEL 5:312
Isdem diebus obscenum prodigium ac triste uisum est. L. Heluius eques Romanus cum uxore et filia de Roma in Apuliam rediens, tempestate correptus cum filiam consternatam uideret, ut citius propioribus tectis succederent, relictis uehiculis arreptisque equis filiam uirginem equo insidentem in medium agmen accepit.
In the same days an indecent and sad portent was seen. Lucius Helvius, a Roman knight, returning from Rome to Apulia with his wife and daughter, was caught in a storm; when he saw his daughter terrified, in order to reach the nearer houses more quickly, he left the carriages, took horses, and placed his maiden daughter, seated on a horse, in the middle of the column.
Notes and citation
Summary: A knight's daughter caught in a storm.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.20 (CSEL 5:312; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.21CSEL 5:312–313
puella continuo ictu fulminis exanimata est, sed omnibus sine scissura aliqua uestimentis ademptis ac pectoris pedumque uinculis dissolutis, monilibus etiam anulisque discussis, ipso quoque corpore inlaeso, nisi quod obscenum in modum nuda et lingua paululum exerta iacuit; equus quoque ipse, quo utebatur, straturis frenis et cingulis dissolutis passim ac dispersis exanimis procul iacuit.
The girl was at once killed by a stroke of lightning, but with all her clothes taken off without any tear, the bands of her breast and feet loosed, her necklaces and rings scattered, and her body itself unharmed, except that she lay naked in an indecent way with her tongue put out a little; the horse too, which she was riding, lay lifeless some way off, its trappings, bridle, and girths loosed and scattered everywhere.
Notes and citation
Summary: She is killed by lightning and stripped.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.21 (CSEL 5:312–313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.22CSEL 5:313
Paruo post hoc intercessu temporis L. Veturius eques Romanus Aemiliam uirginem Vestalem furtiuo stupro polluit. duas praeterea uirgines Vestales eadem Aemilia ad participationem incesti sollicitatas contubernalibus sui corruptoris exposuit ac tradidit. indicio per seruum facto supplicium de omnibus sumptum est.
A short interval of time after this, Lucius Veturius, a Roman knight, defiled the Vestal virgin Aemilia by secret illicit intercourse. Moreover, this same Aemilia solicited two other Vestal virgins to share the unchastity and exposed and handed them over to the companions of her seducer. When information was given by a slave, punishment was inflicted on all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scandal among the Vestal virgins.
- stupro: illicit intercourse; incesti: the sacrilegious unchastity of a Vestal.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.22 (CSEL 5:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.23CSEL 5:313
Isdem praeterea Iugurthini belli temporibus L. Cassius consul in Gallia Tigurinos usque Oceanum persecutus rursusque ab isdem insidiis circumuentus occisus est.
Moreover, in the same times of the Jugurthine war, the consul Lucius Cassius in Gaul pursued the Tigurini as far as the Ocean and was in turn surrounded by them in an ambush and killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cassius is killed by the Tigurini.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.23 (CSEL 5:313; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.24CSEL 5:313–314
Lucius quoque Piso uir consularis, legatus Cassii consulis, interfectus. C. Publius alter legatus, ne residua exercitus portio, quae in castra confugerat, deleretur, obsides et dimidiam partem rerum omnium Tigurinis turpissimo foedere dedit: qui Romam reuersus, a Caelio tribuno plebi die dicta eo quod Tigurinis obsides dederat, in exilium profugit.
Lucius Piso too, a man of consular rank, legate of the consul Cassius, was killed. Gaius Publius, the other legate, so that the remaining part of the army, which had fled into the camp, should not be destroyed, gave the Tigurini hostages and half of everything by a most shameful treaty; on returning to Rome, when a day for trial was set by Caelius, tribune of the plebs, because he had given hostages to the Tigurini, he fled into exile.
Notes and citation
Summary: A shameful treaty with the Tigurini.
- “C. Publius” as printed; the legate was Gaius Popillius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.24 (CSEL 5:313–314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.15.25CSEL 5:314
Caepio proconsule capta urbe Gallorum, cui nomen est Tolosae, centum milia pondo auri et argenti centum decem milia e templo Apollinis sustulit: quod cum ad Massiliam, amicam populo Romano urbem, cum praesidiis misisset, interfectis clam — sicut quidam contestantur — quibus ea custodienda et peruehenda commiserat, cuncta per scelus furatus fuisse narratur. unde etiam magna quaestio post Romae acta est.
Caepio, as proconsul, having captured a city of the Gauls named Tolosa, took from the temple of Apollo a hundred thousand pounds of gold and a hundred and ten thousand of silver. When he had sent this with guards to Massilia, a city friendly to the Roman people, he is said, after secretly killing (as some testify) those to whom he had entrusted it for guarding and transport, to have stolen it all by a crime. Hence a great inquiry was afterward held at Rome.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caepio's theft of the gold of Tolosa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.15.25 (CSEL 5:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-15-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 16
5.16.1CSEL 5:314
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXLII C. Manlius consul et Q. Caepio proconsule aduersus Cimbros et Teutonas et Tigurinos et Ambronas, Gallorum Germanorum gentes, quae tunc ut imperium Romanum extinguerent conspirauerant, missi prouincias sibi Rhodano flumine medio diuiserunt.
In the 642nd year from the founding of the City, the consul Gaius Manlius and the proconsul Quintus Caepio, sent against the Cimbri, Teutones, Tigurini, and Ambrones, peoples of the Gauls and Germans, who had then conspired to destroy the Roman empire, divided the provinces between them with the river Rhone in the middle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Manlius and Caepio face the Cimbri.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (II read as U)): DCXLU → DCXLII.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.1 (CSEL 5:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.2CSEL 5:314
ubi dum inter se grauissima inuidia et contentione disceptant, cum magna ignominia et periculo Romani nominis uicti sunt. siquidem in ea pugna M. Aemilius consularis captus atque interfectus est, duo filii consulis caesi;
There, while they were quarreling with each other with very bitter envy and rivalry, they were defeated, with great disgrace and danger to the Roman name. For in that battle Marcus Aemilius, a man of consular rank, was captured and killed, and two sons of the consul were slain;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Romans are defeated at Arausio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.2 (CSEL 5:314; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.3CSEL 5:314–315
LXXX milia Romanorum sociorumque ea tempestate trucidata, XL milia calonum atque lixarum interfecta Antias scribit.
Antias writes that eighty thousand Romans and allies were slaughtered at that time, and forty thousand camp servants and sutlers killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The losses at Arausio.
Extrabiblical texts: Valerius Antias (Valerius Antias (fragments); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.3 (CSEL 5:314–315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.4CSEL 5:315
ita ex omni penitus exercitu decem tantummodo homines, qui miserum nuntium ad augendas miserias reportarent, superfuisse referuntur.
So of the whole army only ten men are reported to have survived to bring back the wretched news and increase the misery.
Notes and citation
Summary: Only ten survive.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.4 (CSEL 5:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.5CSEL 5:315
hostes binis castris atque ingenti praeda potiti noua quadam atque insolita exsecratione cuncta quae ceperant pessum dederunt;
The enemy, having taken both camps and enormous booty, destroyed everything they had taken by a new and unusual kind of curse;
Notes and citation
Summary: The victors destroy the spoils.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.5 (CSEL 5:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.6CSEL 5:315
uestis discissa et proiecta est, aurum argentumque in flumen abiectum, loricae uirorum concisae, phalerae equorum disperditae, equi ipsi gurgitibus inmersi, homines laqueis collo inditis ex arboribus suspensi sunt, ita ut nihil praedae uictor, nihil misericordiae uictus adgnosceret.
clothing was torn and thrown away, gold and silver cast into the river, the men's breastplates cut up, the horses' trappings destroyed, the horses themselves plunged into the eddies, the men hanged from trees with nooses put round their necks, so that the victor recognized no booty and the vanquished no mercy.
Notes and citation
Summary: The ritual destruction of the spoils.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.6 (CSEL 5:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.7CSEL 5:315
maximus tunc Romae non solum luctus, uerum etiam metus fuit, ne confestim Cimbri Alpes transgrederentur Italiamque delerent.
At Rome there was then very great not only grief but also fear, lest the Cimbri should immediately cross the Alps and destroy Italy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fear at Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.7 (CSEL 5:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.8CSEL 5:315
Isdem temporibus Q. Fabius Maximus filium suum adulescentem, rus relegatum, cum duobus seruis parricidii ministris interfecit ipsosque continuo seruos in pretium sceleris manumisit. die dicta Cn. Pompeio accusante damnatus est.
At the same time Quintus Fabius Maximus killed his young son, whom he had banished to the country, with two slaves as agents of the murder, and immediately freed those slaves as the price of the crime. When a day for trial was set, with Gnaeus Pompeius as accuser, he was condemned.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fabius Maximus murders his son.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.8 (CSEL 5:315; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.9CSEL 5:315–316
Igitur Marius quarto consul cum iuxta Isarae Rhodanique flumina, ubi in sese confluunt, castra posuisset, Teutones Cimbri et Tigurini et Ambrones postquam continuo triduo circa Romanorum castra pugnarunt, si quo pacto eos excuterent uallo atque in aequor effunderent, tribus agminibus Italiam petere destinarunt.
So when Marius, consul for the fourth time, had pitched camp near the rivers Isère and Rhone where they flow together, the Teutones, Cimbri, Tigurini, and Ambrones, after fighting for three days continuously around the Roman camp to see whether they could somehow drive them out of their rampart and pour them out onto the plain, resolved to make for Italy in three columns.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius camps at the confluence; the enemy marches on Italy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.9 (CSEL 5:315–316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.10CSEL 5:316
Marius, post digressum hostium castra mouit et collem occupauit, qui campo et fluuio, ubi hostes sese diffuderant, imminebat. cumque exercitui eius aqua ad potandum deesset, querellisque omnium coargueretur, aquam quidem in conspectu esse respondit, sed eam ferro uindicandam. primis itaque calonibus cum clamore in pugnam ruentibus subsecutus exercitus, mox iusto certamine conpositis ordinibus bellum gestum et uicere Romani.
Marius, after the enemy's departure, moved camp and seized a hill which overlooked the plain and the river where the enemy had spread out. And when his army lacked water to drink and he was reproached by the complaints of all, he answered that water was indeed in sight but must be won with the sword. So, when the camp servants first rushed into battle with a shout, the army followed, and soon the war was fought in a regular battle with ordered ranks, and the Romans conquered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius wins the fight for water.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.10 (CSEL 5:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.11CSEL 5:316
quarto die rursus productae utrimque in campum acies usque ad meridiem paene pari pugnauere discrimine. post ubi incalescente sole fluxa Gallorum corpora in modum niuium distabuerunt, usque in noctem caedes potius quam pugna.
On the fourth day the battle lines were again led out on both sides into the plain and fought until almost midday with nearly equal fortune. Afterward, when the sun grew hot and the soft bodies of the Gauls melted away like snow, slaughter rather than battle
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls wilt in the heat.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): fluxa Gallorum. corpora → fluxa Gallorum corpora.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.11 (CSEL 5:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.12CSEL 5:316
protracta est. ducenta milia armatorum in eo bello interfecta sunt, octoginta milia capta, uix tria milia fugisse referuntur; dux quoque eorum Teutobodus occisus est.
went on until night. Two hundred thousand armed men were killed in that war, eighty thousand captured, and scarcely three thousand are reported to have fled; their leader Teutobodus too was killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The losses of the Teutones.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.12 (CSEL 5:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.13CSEL 5:316
mulieres eorum constantiore animo quam si uicissent consuluere consulem, ut, si inuiolata castitate uirginibus sacris ac dis seruiendum esset, uitam sibi reseruarent. itaque cum petita non impetrauissent, paruulis suis ad saxa conlisis cunctae sese ferro ac suspendio peremerunt. haec de Tigurinis et Ambronibus gesta sunt.
Their women, with a firmer spirit than if they had conquered, asked the consul that, if their chastity were kept inviolate and they might serve the sacred virgins and the gods, they might keep their lives. So when they did not obtain what they asked, they dashed their little children against the rocks and all killed themselves by the sword and by hanging. These things were done concerning the Tigurini and Ambrones.
Notes and citation
Summary: The women kill their children and themselves.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.13 (CSEL 5:316; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.14CSEL 5:316–317
Teutones autem et Cimbri integris copiis Alpium niues emensi Italiae plana peruaserant, ibique cum rigidum genus diu blandioribus auris, poculis, cibis ac lauacris emolliretur, Marius v consul et Catulus aduersum eos missi, die ad pugnam et campo dato Hannibalis secuti ingenium in nebula disposuere pugnam, in sole pugnarunt.
The Teutones and Cimbri, with their forces intact, crossed the snows of the Alps and overran the plains of Italy; and there, while that hardy race was long softened by milder air, drink, food, and baths, Marius, consul for the fifth time, and Catulus were sent against them; when the day and field for battle had been fixed, following the ingenuity of Hannibal, they drew up the battle in a fog and fought in the sun.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius and Catulus meet the Cimbri in Italy.
- Orosius has confused the peoples: the Teutones had been destroyed at Aquae Sextiae (5.16.12); it was the Cimbri who entered Italy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.14 (CSEL 5:316–317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.15CSEL 5:317
prima siquidem perturbatio Gallorum fuit, quod Romanam aciem prius offendere dispositam quam adesse senserunt. cumque ilico uulnerati equites retro in suos cogerentur, totamque multitudinem indisposite adhuc aduentantem conturbarent, et sol cum uento ortus ex aduerso emicuisset, uisus eorum puluis oppleuit et splendor hebetauit.
For the first confusion of the Gauls was that they ran into the Roman line already drawn up before they perceived that it was there. And when their horsemen, wounded at once, were driven back on their own men and threw into confusion the whole multitude still coming up in disorder, and the sun, rising with the wind, flashed in their faces, dust filled their eyes and the glare dulled them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fog, sun and dust confound the Cimbri.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (illegible character in the digital text): ad??uc → adhuc.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.15 (CSEL 5:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.16CSEL 5:317
ita factum est, ut tanta ac tam terribilis multitudo minima Romanorum clade, sua autem ultima internecione caederetur. centum quadraginta milia eorum tunc in bello caesa, sexaginta milia capta dicuntur.
So it came about that so great and so terrible a multitude was cut down with very small loss to the Romans and with its own utter annihilation. A hundred and forty thousand of them are said to have been slain in that battle, and sixty thousand captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Cimbri are annihilated.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.16 (CSEL 5:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.17CSEL 5:317
mulieres grauiorem paene excitauere pugnam, quae plaustris in modum castrorum circumstructis, ipsae autem desuper propugnantes, diu repulere Romanos. sed cum ab his nouo caedis genere terrerentur — abscisis enim cum crine uerticibus inhonesto satis uulnere turpes relinquebantur — ferrum, quod in hostes sumpserant, in se suosque uerterunt.
The women stirred up an almost fiercer battle: they set their wagons around like a camp and, fighting from above, long drove back the Romans. But when they were terrified by a new kind of slaughter (for their scalps were cut off with the hair, and they were left disfigured by a quite shameful wound), they turned the steel they had taken up against the enemy on themselves and their own.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Cimbrian women resist and then kill themselves.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.17 (CSEL 5:317; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.18CSEL 5:317–318
namque aliae concursu mutuo iugulatae, aliae apprehensis inuicem faucibus strangulatae, aliae funibus per equorum crura consertis ipsisque continuo equis exstimulatis, postquam suas isdem funibus, quibus equorum crura nexuerant, indidere ceruices, protractae atque exanimatae sunt, aliae laqueo de subrectis plaustrorum temonibus pependerunt.
For some cut each other's throats in mutual assault, some strangled each other gripping one another's throats, some tied ropes to the legs of horses, and when the horses were at once goaded, having put round their own necks the same ropes with which they had bound the horses' legs, were dragged and killed; others hanged themselves with nooses from the raised poles of the wagons.
Notes and citation
Summary: The ways the women died.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): indidere coruices → indidere ceruices.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.18 (CSEL 5:317–318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.19CSEL 5:318
inuenta est etiam quaedam, quae duos filios traiectis per colla eorum laqueis ad suos pedes uinxerit et, cum se ipsam suspendio morituram dimisisset, secum traxerit occidendos.
One woman was even found who had tied her two sons to her feet with nooses passed through their necks and, when she had let herself go to die by hanging, dragged them with her to be killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: A mother hangs herself with her sons.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.19 (CSEL 5:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.20CSEL 5:318
inter haec multa ac miserabilia mortis genera reguli quoque duo strictis in se gladiis concurrisse referuntur. Lugius et Boiorix reges in acie ceciderunt; Claodicus et Caesoris capti sunt.
Among these many and pitiable kinds of death, two chieftains too are reported to have run at each other with drawn swords. The kings Lugius and Boiorix fell in the battle; Claodicus and Caesorix were captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fate of the Cimbrian kings.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): reguli quoque dus → reguli quoque duo; Lugius. et → Lugius et.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.20 (CSEL 5:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.21CSEL 5:318
ita in his duobus proeliis CCCXL milia Gallorum caesa et CXL milia capta sunt, absque innumera mulierum multitudine, quae se suosque paruulos femineo furore, ui autem uirili necauerunt.
So in these two battles three hundred and forty thousand Gauls were slain and a hundred and forty thousand captured, apart from the countless multitude of women, who killed themselves and their little children with a woman's frenzy but a man's strength.
Notes and citation
Summary: The totals of the Cimbrian wars.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.21 (CSEL 5:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.22CSEL 5:318
igitur talem Marii triumphum Romanamque uictoriam incredibile facinus et numquam antea Romanis cognitum Romae subito perpetratum uersa
So an incredible crime, never before known to the Romans, suddenly committed at Rome, turned such a triumph of Marius and such a Roman victory
Notes and citation
Summary: A crime darkens Marius's triumph.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): perpetratum uersa. → perpetratum uersa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.22 (CSEL 5:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.23CSEL 5:318
in horrorem ac maerorem tota Vrbe fuscauit. Publicius siquidem Malleolus seruis adnitentibus matrem suam interfecit; damnatus parricidii insutusque in culleum et in mare proiectus est;
into horror and grief and darkened the whole City. For Publicius Malleolus, with his slaves helping, killed his mother; condemned for parricide, he was sewn into a sack and thrown into the sea;
Notes and citation
Summary: Publicius Malleolus kills his mother.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.23 (CSEL 5:318; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.16.24CSEL 5:318–319
inpleueruntque Romani et facinus et poenam, unde et Solon Atheniensis decernere non ausus fuerat, dum fieri posse non credit, et Romani, qui se ortos a Romulo scirent, etiam hoc fieri posse intellegentes supplicium singulare sanxerunt.
and the Romans fulfilled both crime and punishment; for this reason Solon of Athens had not dared to decree a penalty, since he did not believe it could happen, while the Romans, who knew that they were sprung from Romulus, understanding that even this could happen, established a unique punishment.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Roman penalty for parricide.
- Romulus killed his brother; hence the Romans knew kin-murder was possible.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.16.24 (CSEL 5:318–319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-16-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 17
5.17.1CSEL 5:319
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCXLV post Cimbricum et Teutonicum bellum et quintum Marii consulatum, quo status imperii Romani iure conseruatus iudicatur, sexto consulatu eiusdem C. Marii ita labefactatus est, ut paene usque ad extremum intestina clade conciderit.
In the 645th year from the founding of the City, after the Cimbrian and Teutonic war and the fifth consulship of Marius, in which the state of the Roman empire is judged to have been rightly preserved, in the sixth consulship of the same Gaius Marius it was so shaken that it almost collapsed completely through internal disaster.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome is shaken in Marius's sixth consulship.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.1 (CSEL 5:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.2CSEL 5:319
euoluere ac percurrere mihi discordiarum ambages et inextricabiles seditionum causas incommodum simul ac longum uidetur;
To unfold and run through the windings of the discords and the tangled causes of the seditions seems to me both tiresome and long;
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius will be brief on the seditions.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.2 (CSEL 5:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.3CSEL 5:319
sane breuiter strinxisse sufficiat, quia primus L. Apuleius Saturninus excitati tumultus auctor exstiterit, Q. Metello Numidico uiro sane primario acerrimus inimicus, qui eum censorem creatum protractum domo atque in Capitolium confugientem armata multitudine obsedit, unde equitum Romanorum indignatione deiectus est, plurima ante Capitolium caede facta. A. Nunium deinde, conpetitorem suum, Saturninus et Glaucia fraude C. Marii consulis occiderunt.
let it suffice to touch on it briefly: Lucius Apuleius Saturninus was the first author of the tumult that was stirred up, a most bitter enemy of Quintus Metellus Numidicus, truly a leading man; when Metellus had been made censor, Saturninus dragged him from his house and, as he fled to the Capitol, besieged him with an armed multitude, from which he was driven off by the indignation of the Roman knights, after very great slaughter before the Capitol. Then Saturninus and Glaucia, through the treachery of the consul Gaius Marius, killed Aulus Nunius, Saturninus's rival.
Notes and citation
Summary: Saturninus attacks Metellus and murders Nunius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.3 (CSEL 5:319; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.4CSEL 5:319–320
subsequente anno Marius sexto consul et Glaucia praetor et Saturninus tribunus plebi conspirauerunt Metellum Numidicum in exilium quacumque ui agere. die dicta a suppositis eiusdem factionis iudicibus per scelus innocens Metellus damnatus in exilium cum totius Vrbis dolore discessit.
In the following year Marius, consul for the sixth time, Glaucia as praetor, and Saturninus as tribune of the plebs conspired to drive Metellus Numidicus into exile by any force. When a day for trial was set, the innocent Metellus was criminally condemned by judges of the same faction put in place for the purpose and went into exile amid the grief of the whole City.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metellus is exiled.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.4 (CSEL 5:319–320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.5CSEL 5:320
idem Saturninus Memmium, uirum acrem et integrum, fieri consulem timens, orta subito seditione fugientem per P. Mettium satellitem informi stipite conminutum interfecit.
The same Saturninus, fearing that Memmius, a keen and upright man, would become consul, raised a sudden sedition and, as Memmius fled, killed him through his henchman Publius Mettius, who battered him with a shapeless club.
Notes and citation
Summary: Saturninus has Memmius murdered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.5 (CSEL 5:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.6CSEL 5:320
fremente pro tantis reipublicae malis senatu populoque Romano, Marius consul accommodato ad tempus ingenio consensui bonorum sese inmiscuit commotamque plebem leni oratione sedauit. Saturninus infamibus ausis contionem domi suae habuit ibique ab aliis rex, ab aliis imperator est appellatus.
While the senate and the Roman people raged at such great evils of the commonwealth, the consul Marius, with a character suited to the times, joined the consensus of the good men and calmed the agitated plebs with a mild speech. Saturninus, in his infamous daring, held an assembly in his own house, and there was called king by some and commander by others.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius changes sides; Saturninus is hailed as king.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.6 (CSEL 5:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.7CSEL 5:320
Marius manipulatim plebe descripta alterum consulem cum praesidiis in colle disposuit, ipse portas communiuit. in foro proelium commissum est; Saturninus a Marianis foro pulsus in Capitolium confugit; Marius fistulas, quibus eo aqua deducebatur, incidit.
Marius, having organized the plebs by maniples, posted the other consul with guards on the hill and himself fortified the gates. Battle was joined in the forum; Saturninus, driven from the forum by the Marians, fled to the Capitol; Marius cut the pipes by which water was brought there.
Notes and citation
Summary: Saturninus is besieged on the Capitol.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.7 (CSEL 5:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.8CSEL 5:320
bellum deinde in aditu Capitolii horridum satis actum est, multi circa Saufeium et Saturninum caesi. Saturninus palam clamitans, Marium auctorem esse omnium molitionum suarum, contestatus est;
Then a quite fearful fight took place at the approach to the Capitol, and many around Saufeius and Saturninus were slain. Saturninus, crying aloud openly, declared that Marius was the author of all his schemes;
Notes and citation
Summary: Saturninus accuses Marius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.8 (CSEL 5:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.9CSEL 5:320
cum autem ipse Saturninus et Saufeius et Labienus cogente Mario in curiam confugissent, per equites Romanos effractis foribus occisi sunt. C. Glaucia extractus e domo Claudii trucidatus est.
but when Saturninus himself, Saufeius, and Labienus, under pressure from Marius, had taken refuge in the senate house, they were killed by Roman knights after the doors were broken down. Gaius Glaucia was dragged out of the house of Claudius and slaughtered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Saturninus and his allies are killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.9 (CSEL 5:320; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.10CSEL 5:320–321
Furius, tribunus plebi, bona omnium publicanda decreuit. Cn. Dolabella, Saturnini frater, per forum holitorium fugiens, cum L. Giganio interfectus est. itaque auctoribus tantae seditionis occisis quies populo fuit.
Furius, tribune of the plebs, decreed that the property of all of them be confiscated. Gnaeus Dolabella, Saturninus's brother, fleeing through the vegetable market, was killed with Lucius Giganius. So, with the authors of so great a sedition killed, the people had quiet.
Notes and citation
Summary: The sedition ends.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): interfeotus → interfectus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.10 (CSEL 5:320–321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.11CSEL 5:321
tunc Cato atque Pompeius rogationem de reditu Metelli Numidici totius Vrbis gaudio promulgarunt: quae ne perficeretur, Marii consulis et Furii tribuni plebi factionibus intercessum est.
Then Cato and Pompeius proposed a bill for the return of Metellus Numidicus, to the joy of the whole City; its passage was blocked by the factions of the consul Marius and the tribune of the plebs Furius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Metellus's recall is blocked.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.11 (CSEL 5:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.12CSEL 5:321
Rutilius quoque uir integerrimus adeo fidei atque innocentiae constantia usus est, ut die sibi ab accusatoribus dicta, usque ad cognitionem neque capillum barbamue promiserit neque sordida ueste humiliue habitu suffragatores conciliarit, inimicos permulserit, iudices temperarit, orationem quoque a praetore concessam nihilo summissiorem quam animum habuerit.
Rutilius too, a man of the greatest integrity, showed such constancy of good faith and innocence that, when a day for trial was set for him by his accusers, until the hearing he neither let his hair or beard grow nor won supporters by mourning dress or humble bearing, nor soothed his enemies, nor softened the judges, and even the speech allowed him by the praetor was no more submissive than his spirit.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rutilius's dignified conduct on trial.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): Butilius quoque air → Rutilius quoque uir; indices temperarit → iudices temperarit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.12 (CSEL 5:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.17.13CSEL 5:321
cum euidenti oppugnaretur calumnia et opinione bonorum omnium iure absoluendus putaretur, peiurio iudicum condemnatus est. qui Zmyrnam conmigrans litterarum studiis intentus consenuit.
Although he was attacked by obvious slander and in the opinion of all good men was thought to deserve acquittal by right, he was condemned by the perjury of the judges. He moved to Smyrna and grew old there devoted to the study of letters.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rutilius is condemned and retires to Smyrna.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): iudioum → iudicum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.17.13 (CSEL 5:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-17-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 18
5.18.1CSEL 5:321
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCLIII Sex. Iulio Caesare et L. Marcio Philippo consulibus intestinis causis sociale bellum tota commouit Italia.
In the 653rd year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Sextus Julius Caesar and Lucius Marcius Philippus, the war with the allies, from internal causes, convulsed all Italy.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Social War begins.
- The year is as the digital text prints it (DCLIII); the numeral may be misread (DCLIX, 659?). The Social War began in 91 BC.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Vrbe eondita → Vrbe condita; tota commonit Italia → tota commouit Italia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.1 (CSEL 5:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.2CSEL 5:321
siquidem Liuius Drusus, tribunus plebi, Latinos omnes spe libertatis inlectos cum placito explere non posset, in arma excitauit.
For Livius Drusus, tribune of the plebs, when he could not fulfill his promise to all the Latins, whom he had enticed with the hope of freedom, roused them to arms.
Notes and citation
Summary: Livius Drusus incites the Latins.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.2 (CSEL 5:321; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.3CSEL 5:321–322
eo accessit, ut maestam Vrbem prodigia dira terrerent. nam sub ortu solis globus ignis a regione septentrionis cum maximo caeli fragore emicuit.
To this was added that dreadful portents terrified the sorrowing City. For at sunrise a ball of fire flashed out from the region of the north with a very great crash in the sky.
Notes and citation
Summary: Portents at Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cam maximo caeli → cum maximo caeli.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.3 (CSEL 5:321–322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.4CSEL 5:322
apud Arretinos cum panes per conuiuia frangerentur, cruor e mediis panibus quasi ex uulneribus corporum fluxit.
At Arretium, when loaves were broken at banquets, blood flowed from the middle of the loaves as from wounds of bodies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Bleeding bread at Arretium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.4 (CSEL 5:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.5CSEL 5:322
praeterea per septem continuos dies grando lapidum, inmixtis etiam testarum fragmentis, terram latissime uerberauit. in Samnitibus uastissimo terrae hiatu flamma prorupit et usque in caelum extendi uisa est.
Moreover, for seven continuous days a hail of stones, mixed even with fragments of pottery, beat the earth over a very wide area. Among the Samnites flame burst out from a vast chasm in the earth and was seen to stretch up to the sky.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hail of stones and fire from the earth.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.5 (CSEL 5:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.6CSEL 5:322
conplures praeterea in itinere uidere Romani globum coloris aurei caelo ad terram deuolui maioremque factum rursus a terra in sublime ad orientem solem ferri ac magnitudine sua ipsum solem obtexisse.
Moreover, a number of Romans on a journey saw a globe of golden color roll down from the sky to the earth and, having grown larger, be borne again from the earth up to the east and by its size cover the sun itself.
Notes and citation
Summary: A golden globe in the sky.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.6 (CSEL 5:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.7CSEL 5:322
Drusus tantis malis anxius domi suae incerto quidem auctore interfectus est.
Drusus, troubled by such evils, was killed in his own house by an assassin who remains unknown.
Notes and citation
Summary: Drusus is murdered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.7 (CSEL 5:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.8CSEL 5:322
Igitur Picentes Vestini Marsi Paeligni Marrucini Samnites Lucani cum adhuc occultam defectionem meditarentur, C. Seruium praetorem, legatum ad se missum, apud Asculum occiderunt statimque clausa ciuitate omnes ciues Romanos indicta caede iugularunt.
So the Picentes, Vestini, Marsi, Paeligni, Marrucini, Samnites, and Lucanians, while they were still planning a secret revolt, killed the praetor Gaius Servius, who had been sent to them as envoy, at Asculum, and at once, shutting the city, slaughtered all Roman citizens in a proclaimed massacre.
Notes and citation
Summary: The allies revolt and massacre Romans at Asculum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.8 (CSEL 5:322; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.9CSEL 5:322–323
continuo atrocissimam perniciem infamissima praecessere prodigia. namque omnium generum animalia, quae manus hominum blande perpeti atque inter homines uiuere solita erant, relictis stabulis pascuisque cum balatu hinnitu mugituque miserabili ad siluas montesque fugerunt. canes quoque, quorum naturae est extra homines esse non posse, lacrimosis ululatibus uagi luporum ritu oberrarunt. igitur Cn.
Immediately the most ill-omened portents went before a most dreadful destruction. For animals of all kinds that were used to bearing the hands of men gently and living among men left their stalls and pastures and fled to the woods and mountains with pitiful bleating, neighing, and lowing. Dogs too, whose nature is that they cannot be apart from men, wandered about like wolves with tearful howling. So Gnaeus
Notes and citation
Summary: Tame animals flee to the wild.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.9 (CSEL 5:322–323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.10CSEL 5:323
Pompeius praetor cum Picentibus iussu senatus bellum gessit et uictus est, postquam sibi Samnites Papium Mutilum imperatorem praefecerant, Marsi autem Agamemnonem archipiratam praeoptauerant.
Pompeius, as praetor, by order of the senate waged war with the Picentes and was defeated, after the Samnites had set Papius Mutilus over themselves as commander, and the Marsi had chosen Agamemnon, an arch-pirate.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompeius is defeated by the Picentes.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Pioentibus → Picentibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.10 (CSEL 5:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.11CSEL 5:323
Iulius Caesar Samnitium pugna uictus caeso fugit exercitu. Rutilius consul Marium propinquum suum legatum sibi legit: quem adsidue summonentem moram bello utilem fore et paulisper in castris exerceri militem oportere tironem,
Julius Caesar, defeated in battle by the Samnites, fled after his army was cut down. The consul Rutilius chose his kinsman Marius as his legate; when Marius kept advising that delay would be useful for the war and that the raw soldiers ought to be trained in camp for a little while,
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius advises Rutilius to delay.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): proquinquum → propinquum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.11 (CSEL 5:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.12CSEL 5:323
dolo id eum agere ratus contempsit seseque in insidias Marsorum et uniuersum agmen exercitus sui incautus iniecit, ubi et ipse consul occisus et multi nobiles interfecti et octo milia Romanorum militum caesa sunt.
Rutilius, thinking he did this from guile, scorned him and recklessly threw himself and the whole column of his army into an ambush of the Marsi, where the consul himself was killed, many nobles slain, and eight thousand Roman soldiers cut down.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rutilius dies in an ambush.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.12 (CSEL 5:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.13CSEL 5:323
arma et corpora interfectorum in conspectum Marii legati Tolenus fluuius pertulit atque in testimonium cladis euexit. Marius raptis continuo copiis uictores insperatus oppressit, octo milia et ipse Marsorum interfecit.
The river Tolenus carried the arms and bodies of the slain into the sight of the legate Marius and brought them down as a witness of the disaster. Marius at once gathered his forces, fell unexpectedly on the victors, and himself killed eight thousand Marsi.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius avenges Rutilius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.13 (CSEL 5:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.14CSEL 5:323
Caepio autem a Vestinis et Marsis deductus in insidias, cum exercitu trucidatus est. L. uero Iulius Caesar postquam apud Aeserniam uictus aufugerat, contractis undique copiis aduersum Samnitas et Lucanos dimicans multa hostium milia interfecit.
Caepio, however, was led into an ambush by the Vestini and Marsi and was slaughtered with his army. But Lucius Julius Caesar, after he had fled defeated at Aesernia, gathered forces from everywhere, fought against the Samnites and Lucanians, and killed many thousands of the enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caepio is killed; Caesar recovers.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Samnitas. et → Samnitas et.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.14 (CSEL 5:323; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.15CSEL 5:323–324
cumque ab exercitu imperator appellatus esset Romamque nuntios de uictoria misisset, senatus saga, hoc est uestem maeroris, quam exorto sociali bello sumpserat, hac spe adridente deposuit atque antiquum togae decorem recuperauit. Marius deinde sex milia Marsorum cecidit, septem milia armis exuit.
And when he had been hailed commander by the army and had sent messengers to Rome about the victory, the senate, as this hope smiled on it, laid aside the military cloaks, that is, the garment of mourning, which it had put on when the war with the allies broke out, and recovered the ancient dignity of the toga. Then Marius slew six thousand Marsi and stripped seven thousand of their arms.
Notes and citation
Summary: The senate resumes the toga after a victory.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.15 (CSEL 5:323–324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.16CSEL 5:324
Sulla cum uiginti et quattuor cohortibus Aeserniam missus, ubi artissima obsidione Romani ciues et milites premebantur, maximo bello et plurima caede hostium urbem sociosque seruauit.
Sulla, sent with twenty-four cohorts to Aesernia, where Roman citizens and soldiers were hard pressed by a very close siege, saved the city and the allies with a very great battle and very great slaughter of the enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla relieves Aesernia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Romam ciues → Romani ciues.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.16 (CSEL 5:324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.17CSEL 5:324
Cn. Pompeius Picentes graui proelio fudit, qua uictoria senatus laticlauia et cetera dignitatis insignia recepit, cum togas tantummodo uictoria Caesaris primum respirante sumpsisset. Porcius Cato praetor Etruscos, Plotius legatus Vmbros plurimo sanguine inpenso et difficillimo labore uicerunt.
Gnaeus Pompeius routed the Picentes in a heavy battle; by this victory the senate took back the broad purple stripes and the other insignia of rank, having taken back only the togas when Caesar's victory first gave breathing space. Porcius Cato as praetor conquered the Etruscans, and Plotius as legate the Umbrians, with very much blood spent and most difficult labor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Victories over the Picentes, Etruscans and Umbrians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.17 (CSEL 5:324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.18CSEL 5:324
Cn. Pompeio L. Porcio Catone consulibus Pompeius diu obsedit Asculum ciuitatem; nec tamen expugnauisset, nisi populum in campum prorumpentem grauissima oppressione uicisset. decem et octo milia Marsorum in ea pugna cum Franco imperatore suo caesa sunt, capta tria milia.
In the consulship of Gnaeus Pompeius and Lucius Porcius Cato, Pompeius long besieged the city of Asculum; and yet he would not have taken it had he not defeated the people as they burst out onto the plain, with very heavy slaughter. Eighteen thousand Marsi with their commander Francus were slain in that battle, and three thousand captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompeius defeats the allies at Asculum.
- “Franco” as printed (Fraucus in some sources).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (capital letter inside a word in the digital text): L. PorCio → L. Porcio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.18 (CSEL 5:324; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.19CSEL 5:324–325
quattuor milia autem Italici uiri ex ea caede profugi iugum montis coacto in unum agmine forte conscenderant, ubi oppressi exanimatique niuibus miserabili morte riguerunt.
But four thousand Italians, fleeing from that slaughter, had happened to climb a mountain ridge with their column drawn together into one, where, overwhelmed and killed by the snows, they froze in a pitiful death.
Notes and citation
Summary: Four thousand fugitives freeze on a mountain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.19 (CSEL 5:324–325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.20CSEL 5:325
namque ita, ut attoniti timore hostium steterant, alii stirpibus uel saxis reclines, alii armis suis innitentes, patentibus cuncti oculis dentibusque nudatis uiuentium in modum uisebantur; nec ullum erat procul intuentibus mortis indicium nisi diuturna immobilitas, quam nullo modo humanae uitae uegetatio diu perpeti potest.
For just as they had stood stunned with fear of the enemy, some leaning against stumps or rocks, others resting on their arms, all were seen like living men, with eyes open and teeth bared; nor was there any sign of death for those looking from afar except the long stillness, which the vigor of human life can in no way endure for long.
Notes and citation
Summary: The frozen men look alive.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.20 (CSEL 5:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.21CSEL 5:325
eadem die Picentes congressi et uicti sunt, quorum dux Vidacilius conuocatis principibus suis post magnificas epulas largaque pocula cunctos ad exemplum sui prouocans hausto ueneno absumptus est, cunctis factum eius laudantibus sed nemine subsequente.
On the same day the Picentes engaged and were defeated; their leader Vidacilius, having called together his chief men, after a magnificent banquet and generous drinking, urging all to follow his example, drank poison and died, all praising his deed but none following it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vidacilius poisons himself.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.21 (CSEL 5:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.22CSEL 5:325
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCLXI cum ad obsidendos Pompeios Romanus isset exercitus et Postumius Albinus uir consularis, tunc L. Sullae legatus, intolerabili superbia omnium in se militum odia suscitasset, lapidibus occisus est.
In the 661st year from the founding of the City, when the Roman army had gone to besiege Pompeii, and Postumius Albinus, a man of consular rank, then legate of Lucius Sulla, had roused against himself the hatred of all the soldiers by intolerable arrogance, he was stoned to death.
Notes and citation
Summary: Postumius Albinus is stoned by his soldiers.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): Anno ab Yrbe condita DCLXI cam ad → Anno ab Vrbe condita DCLXI cum ad.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.22 (CSEL 5:325; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.23CSEL 5:325–326
Sulla consul ciuilem cruorem non nisi hostili sanguine expiari posse testatus est: cuius rei conscientia permotus exercitus ita pugnam adortus est, ut sibi unusquisque pereundum uideret nisi uicisset. decem et octo milia Samnitium illo proelio caesa sunt; Iuuentium quoque, Italicum ducem, et magnum ipsius populum persecutus occidit.
Sulla as consul declared that the blood of citizens could be expiated only by the blood of enemies; the army, moved by the guilt of this deed, attacked so that each man saw he must perish unless he conquered. Eighteen thousand Samnites were slain in that battle; he also pursued and killed Juventius, the Italian leader, and a great body of his people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla's army expiates its crime in battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.23 (CSEL 5:325–326; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.24CSEL 5:326
Porcius Cato consul Marianas copias habens cum aliquanta strenue gessisset, gloriatus est, C. Marium non maiora fecisse, et ob hoc, cum ad lacum Fucinum contra Marsos bellum gereret, a filio C. Marii in tumultu belli quasi ab incerto auctore prostratus est.
The consul Porcius Cato, who had the forces of Marius, after he had done a number of things vigorously, boasted that Gaius Marius had not done greater things; and for this, while he was waging war against the Marsi at the Fucine lake, he was struck down in the confusion of battle by the son of Gaius Marius, as if by an unknown hand.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cato is killed by the younger Marius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.24 (CSEL 5:326; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.25CSEL 5:326
C. Gabinius legatus in expugnatione hostilium castrorum interfectus est. Marrucini Vestinique Sulpicio legato Pompei persequente uastati sunt. Popaedius et Obsidius, Italici imperatores, ab eodem Sulpicio apud flumen Teanum horribili proelio oppressi et occisi sunt.
The legate Gaius Gabinius was killed in storming the enemy camp. The Marrucini and Vestini were laid waste as Sulpicius, Pompeius's legate, pursued them. Popaedius and Obsidius, Italian commanders, were crushed and killed by the same Sulpicius at the river Teanus in a horrible battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Further battles of the Social War.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.25 (CSEL 5:326; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.26CSEL 5:326
Pompeius Asculum ingressus praefectos centuriones cunctosque principes eorum uirgis cecidit securique percussit, seruos praedamque omnem sub hasta uendidit, reliquos liberos quidem sed nudos et egentes abire praecepit; et cum de hac praeda opitulationem aliquam in usum stipendii publici senatus fore speraret, nihil tamen Pompeius ex ea egenti aerario contulit.
Pompeius, entering Asculum, beat with rods and beheaded the prefects, centurions, and all their chief men, sold the slaves and all the booty at auction, and ordered the rest to leave free but naked and destitute; and although the senate hoped that some help from this booty would go to the public pay, Pompeius contributed nothing of it to the needy treasury.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompeius's harsh treatment of Asculum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.26 (CSEL 5:326; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.27CSEL 5:326
namque eodem tempore cum penitus exhaustum esset aerarium et ad stipendium frumenti deesset expensa, loca publica quae in circuitu Capitolii pontificibus auguribus decemuiris et flaminibus in possessionem tradita erant, cogente inopia uendita sunt et sufficiens pecuniae modus, qui ad tempus inopiae subsidio esset, acceptus est.
For at the same time, when the treasury was completely exhausted and money was lacking for the grain allowance, the public lands around the Capitol which had been given into the possession of the pontiffs, augurs, decemvirs, and flamens were sold under pressure of want, and a sum of money was received sufficient to serve as help for the time of need.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sacred lands are sold to pay for grain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.27 (CSEL 5:326; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.28CSEL 5:326–327
equidem tunc in sinus ipsius ciuitatis euersarum omnium urbium nudatarumque terrarum abrasae undique opes congerebantur, cum ipsa Roma turpi adigente inopia praecipuas sui partes auctionabatur.
Indeed, at that very time the riches scraped from everywhere of all the overthrown cities and stripped lands were being heaped into the bosom of the city itself, while Rome herself, driven by shameful want, was auctioning off her own chief parts.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome, enriched by plunder, was yet impoverished.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.28 (CSEL 5:326–327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.29CSEL 5:327
quamobrem consideret tunc tempora sua, cum quasi inexplebilis uenter cuncta consumens et semper esuriens cunctis urbibus, quas miseras faciebat, ipsa miserior nihil relinquens nihil habebat et stimulo domesticae famis ad continuationem bellicae inquietudinis trudebatur.
Therefore let her consider her times then, when, like an insatiable belly consuming everything and always hungry, she herself, more wretched than all the cities she made wretched, leaving nothing, had nothing, and was driven by the goad of hunger at home to continue the unrest of war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome's insatiable greed made her wretched.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.29 (CSEL 5:327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.18.30CSEL 5:327
Isdem temporibus rex Sothimus cum magnis Thracum auxiliis Graeciam ingressus cunctos Macedoniae fines depopulatus est tandemque a C. Sentio praetore superatus redire in regnum coactus est.
At the same time King Sothimus, entering Greece with great Thracian auxiliaries, ravaged all the territory of Macedonia, and at last, overcome by the praetor Gaius Sentius, was forced to return to his kingdom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sothimus raids Macedonia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.18.30 (CSEL 5:327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-18-30
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 5, chapter 19
5.19.1CSEL 5:327
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCLXII nondum finito sociali bello Romae primum bellum ciuile commotum est, eodemque anno Mithridaticum bellum etsi minus infame non tamen minus graue coeptum est.
In the 662nd year from the founding of the City, before the war with the allies was finished, the first civil war was stirred up at Rome, and in the same year the Mithridatic war, though less infamous, yet no less grave, began.
Notes and citation
Summary: The first civil war and the Mithridatic war begin.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): non tamen minus grane → non tamen minus graue.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.1 (CSEL 5:327; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.2CSEL 5:327–328
equidem de Mithridatici belli spatio uarie traditum est, utrum abhinc primum coeperit an tunc praecipue exarserit, maxime cum alii triginta alii quadraginta annos gestum ferant. sed quamuis isdem gesta temporibus perplexis coaceruata malis exarserint, a me tamen speciatim, etsi breuiter, singula proferentur.
Indeed, about the length of the Mithridatic war there are various traditions, whether it first began at this point or then chiefly blazed up, especially since some say it was waged for thirty years, others for forty. But although things done at the same times blazed up heaped together in tangled evils, I shall nevertheless set them out one by one, if briefly.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius will treat the wars separately.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.2 (CSEL 5:327–328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.3CSEL 5:328
Marius, Sulla consule et contra Mithridatem in Asiam cum exercitu profecturo, in Campania tamen propter socialis belli reliquias consistente, adfectauit septimum consulatum et bellum suscipere Mithridaticum.
When Sulla, as consul, was about to set out for Asia with an army against Mithridates, but was staying in Campania because of the remnants of the war with the allies, Marius aimed at a seventh consulship and at taking on the Mithridatic war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius seeks the Mithridatic command.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.3 (CSEL 5:328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.4CSEL 5:328
quo Sulla cognito inpatiens reuera iuuenis intemperataque ira percitus cum quattuor legionibus primum ante Vrbem consedit, ubi Gratidium Marii legatum quasi primam uictimam belli ciuilis occidit, mox Vrbem cum exercitu inrupit, faces ad inflammandam Vrbem poposcit. omnibus metu abditis, per Sacram uiam cito agmine in forum uenit.
When Sulla learned this, being truly an impatient young man and stirred by unrestrained anger, he first encamped before the City with four legions, where he killed Gratidius, Marius's legate, as the first victim, as it were, of the civil war; soon he burst into the City with his army and called for torches to set the City on fire. With everyone hidden in fear, he came into the forum along the Sacred Way with a swift column.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulla marches on Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ocoidit → occidit; infiammandam → inflammandam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.4 (CSEL 5:328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.5CSEL 5:328
Marius cum permouere nobilitatem, inflammare plebem, equestrem denique ordinem perarmare aduersus Sullam frustra adtemptasset, postremo seruis spe libertatis et praedae ad arma sollicitatis, nequiquam repugnare ausus, tandem in Capitolium concessit. sed cum eo Sullanae cohortes inruissent, magna suorum caede diffugit.
Marius, having vainly tried to stir the nobility, to inflame the plebs, and finally to arm the equestrian order against Sulla, at last, after soliciting the slaves to arms with the hope of freedom and booty, dared to resist in vain and finally withdrew to the Capitol. But when Sulla's cohorts burst in there, he fled with great slaughter of his men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius flees from Sulla.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.5 (CSEL 5:328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.6CSEL 5:328
ibi tunc Sulpicius Marii collega seruo suo prodente prostratus est; seruum uero ipsum, quod hostem indicauerat, manumitti, quod uero dominum prodiderat, saxo Tarpeio deici consules decreuerunt.
There Sulpicius, Marius's colleague, was then struck down when his slave betrayed him; the consuls decreed that the slave himself should be freed because he had informed on an enemy, but thrown from the Tarpeian rock because he had betrayed his master.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sulpicius is betrayed by his slave.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.6 (CSEL 5:328; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.7CSEL 5:328–329
Marius fugiens cum persequentum instantia circumsaeptus esset, in Minturnensium paludibus sese abdidit; e quibus infeliciter luto oblitus ignominioseque protractus, turpi autem spectaculo Minturnas deductus contrususque in carcerem percussorem ad se missum solo uultu exterruit.
Marius, fleeing, when he was surrounded by the pressure of his pursuers, hid himself in the marshes of Minturnae; dragged out of them unhappily, smeared with mud, and ignominiously, he was led to Minturnae in a shameful spectacle and thrust into prison, where by his look alone he terrified the assassin sent to him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius is captured at Minturnae.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Marins fugiens → Marius fugiens; protraetus → protractus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.7 (CSEL 5:328–329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.8CSEL 5:329
deinde lapsus e uinculis in Africam transfugit sollicitatoque ex Vtica filio, ubi in custodia obseruabatur, continuo Romam regressus Cinnae consuli societate scelerum coniunctus est.
Then, slipping out of his chains, he crossed over to Africa, and after summoning his son from Utica, where he was kept under guard, he at once returned to Rome and joined the consul Cinna in a partnership of crimes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius returns and joins Cinna.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.8 (CSEL 5:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.9CSEL 5:329
igitur ad profligandam uniuersam rempublicam exercitum sibi in quattuor partes diuiserunt. tres siquidem legiones Mario datae, parti copiarum Cn. Carbo praepositus est, partem Sertorius accepit, ille scilicet Sertorius, iam hic ciuilis belli incentor et particeps, qui etiam hoc finito aliud post in Hispania bellum excitauit, quod per multos annos maximis Romanorum cladibus traxit. cetera uero exercitus portio Cinnam secuta est. porro autem Cn.
So to ruin the whole commonwealth they divided the army among themselves into four parts. Three legions were given to Marius; Gnaeus Carbo was set over part of the forces; Sertorius received a part, that Sertorius, of course, already here an instigator and partner of civil war, who even when this was ended later stirred up another war in Spain, which he dragged out for many years with very great disasters for the Romans. The rest of the army followed Cinna. Then Gnaeus
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius and Cinna divide their forces.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray mark): per multos! annos → per multos annos; cetera nero → cetera uero.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.9 (CSEL 5:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.10CSEL 5:329
Pompeius, qui a senatu cum exercitu arcessitus, ut reipublicae opitularetur, et diu sese nouarum rerum aucupatione suspenderat, contemptus a Mario, uel Cinna ad Octauium alterum consulem sese contulit et mox cum Sertorio conflixit.
Pompeius, who had been summoned by the senate with his army to help the commonwealth and had long held himself in suspense, watching for a change of affairs, scorned by Marius and Cinna, joined Octavius, the other consul, and soon clashed with Sertorius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompeius Strabo fights Sertorius.
- “uel Cinna” as printed; translated as “and Cinna.”
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.10 (CSEL 5:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.11CSEL 5:329
infelicem pugnam interuentus noctis diremit; sescenteni ex utraque parte milites trucidati sunt.
The coming of night broke off the unhappy battle; six hundred soldiers on each side were slaughtered.
Notes and citation
Summary: An indecisive battle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ex utrae parte → ex utraque parte.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.11 (CSEL 5:329; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.12CSEL 5:329–330
postera die cum permixtim corpora ad sepulturam discernerentur, miles Pompeianus fratris sui, quem ipse interfecerat, corpus adgnouit: in concursu enim utrique cognitionem uultus galea, considerationem furor ademerat; quamuis parum sit culpae circa ignorantiam, ut uideatur nescisse de fratre quem non ambigitur scisse de ciue.
The next day, when the bodies lying mixed together were being sorted for burial, a soldier of Pompeius recognized the body of his brother, whom he himself had killed: in the clash the helmet had taken from both the recognition of the face, and fury had taken away reflection; although there is little guilt in ignorance, so that he may seem not to have known about his brother, whom it is not doubted that he knew to be a fellow citizen.
Notes and citation
Summary: A soldier finds he has killed his brother.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.12 (CSEL 5:329–330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.13CSEL 5:330
itaque uictor uicto infelicior, ubi et fratris corpus agnouit et parricidium suum, exsecratus bella ciuilia ilico pectus suum gladio transuerberans simulque lacrimas et sanguinem fundens super fraternum sese cadauer abiecit.
So the victor, more unhappy than the vanquished, when he recognized both his brother's body and his own kin-murder, cursing civil wars, at once ran his own breast through with his sword and, shedding tears and blood together, threw himself on his brother's corpse.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fratricide kills himself.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.13 (CSEL 5:330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.14CSEL 5:330
Et quid hoc profuit ad confusionem crudelis incepti, quod in primo statim bellorum ciuilium exordio infamis fama percrebruit, concurrisse ignaros quidem fratres sed conscios ciues, petisse fratrem scelere uictorem spolia fratris occisi ac mox tantae immanitatis reum eodem gladio atque eadem manu per suam necem parricidium, quod admiserat, uindicasse?
And what good did it do toward confounding this cruel undertaking that, right at the first beginning of the civil wars, the infamous report spread that brothers had clashed unaware, yet citizens knowingly, that a brother, victorious through crime, had sought the spoils of the brother he had killed, and that, soon guilty of such monstrousness, he had avenged by his own death, with the same sword and the same hand, the kin-murder he had committed?
Notes and citation
Summary: The example did nothing to stop the civil wars.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.14 (CSEL 5:330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.15CSEL 5:330
numquid intentarum animositates partium tam triste mouit exemplum? numquid apud quemquam periculum sceleris reppulit terror erroris? numquid haec, quae communis est etiam cum beluis, pietas et reuerentia naturae? quod unus perimendo ac pereundo commisit, quia in se agi posset intremuit seseque ab huiusmodi incepto conscientia uictus remouit?
Did so sad an example move the passions of the intent factions? Did the terror of such an error drive back from anyone the danger of crime? Did this piety and reverence for nature, which is common even with beasts, make anyone tremble, because what one man had committed by killing and dying could be done to himself, and, overcome by conscience, withdraw from such an undertaking?
Notes and citation
Summary: No one was deterred.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): reuerentis- naturae?. → reuerentia naturae?.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.15 (CSEL 5:330; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.16CSEL 5:330–331
quin potius annis fere quadraginta consequentibus in tantum continuata sunt bella ciuilia, ut magnitudo laudis adpendenda ex magnitudine sceleris putaretur. omnes enim post tale documentum in tali militia parricidiorum pericula refugissent, nisi parricidia ipsa uoluissent.
On the contrary, for about forty years following, civil wars were continued so long that the greatness of glory was thought to be weighed by the greatness of crime. For after such a lesson all would have shunned the dangers of kin-murder in such warfare, had they not wanted the kin-murders themselves.
Notes and citation
Summary: Forty years of civil war followed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.16 (CSEL 5:330–331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.17CSEL 5:331
Igitur Marius coloniam Ostiensem ui ingressus omnia ibi genera libidinis auaritiae et crudelitatis exercuit.
So Marius, entering the colony of Ostia by force, practiced every kind of lust, greed, and cruelty there.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius sacks Ostia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.17 (CSEL 5:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.18CSEL 5:331
Pompeius fulmine adflatus interiit; exercitus uero eius pestilentia correptus paene totus absumptus est. nam undecim milia uirorum de castris Pompei mortua, sex milia autem de parte Octauii consulis siderata sunt.
Pompeius died struck by lightning; his army, seized by pestilence, was almost wholly destroyed. For eleven thousand men died from Pompeius's camp, and six thousand from the side of the consul Octavius were struck down.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pompeius Strabo dies; plague in the armies.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.18 (CSEL 5:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.19CSEL 5:331
Marius Antium et Ariciam ciuitates hostiliter inrupit cunctosque in his praeter proditores interfecit, bona suis diripienda permisit. post Cinna consul cum legionibus et Marius cum fugitiuis Vrbem ingressi nobilissimos quosque e senatu et plurimos consulares uiros interfecerunt.
Marius broke into the cities of Antium and Aricia as an enemy and killed everyone in them except the traitors, and let his men plunder their goods. Afterward the consul Cinna with his legions and Marius with the runaway slaves entered the City and killed all the noblest men of the senate and very many men of consular rank.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius and Cinna massacre the nobles.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Arioiam → Ariciam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.19 (CSEL 5:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.20CSEL 5:331
Sed quota haec portio ostentatae miseriae est? **uno uerbo definisse caedem bonorum, cuius fuit tanta numerositas, tanta diuturnitas, tanta crudelitas tantaque diuersitas?
But what fraction is this of the misery displayed? [Could I] define in one word the slaughter of good men, whose number was so great, whose duration so long, whose cruelty so great, and whose variety so great?
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: The slaughter of good men cannot be told.
- The digital text marks a gap (**) before “uno uerbo”; a word such as “possumne” is missing; supplied by sense.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.20 (CSEL 5:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.21CSEL 5:331
uerumtamen aequius est me aliquid utilitatis subtraxisse causae quam tantum horroris ingessisse notitiae, siue peritis haec siue imperitis obiciantur.
Yet it is fairer that I should have withheld something useful to my case than heaped so much horror into the record, whether these things are set before the learned or the unlearned.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius restrains his account.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.21 (CSEL 5:331; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.22CSEL 5:331–332
de patria siquidem, de ciuibus et de maioribus nostris haec loquimur, qui his exagitati malis tam abominanda gesserunt, de quibus etiam auditis posteri perhorrescant, qui profecto nolunt ista nimis exaggerari aut sufficientis notitiae moderatione, si sciunt, aut misericordis reuerentiae contemplatione, si nesciunt.
For we speak of our homeland, of our fellow citizens, and of our ancestors, who, driven by these evils, did deeds so abominable that even their descendants shudder to hear of them, and who surely do not want these things exaggerated too much, either out of a measured sufficient knowledge, if they know them, or out of regard for merciful reverence, if they do not.
Notes and citation
Summary: Reverence for ancestors limits the telling.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.22 (CSEL 5:331–332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.23CSEL 5:332
Igitur Marius cum interfectorum ciuium capita inlata conuiuiis, oblata Capitoliis, conlata Rostris ad spectaculum ornatumque congereret ac septimum consulatum cum Cinna tertium consule peruasisset, in exordio consularis imperii sera tandem morte praereptus est.
So Marius, when he had heaped up the heads of murdered citizens, brought in at banquets, displayed on the Capitol, gathered on the Rostra, for show and ornament, and had seized a seventh consulship with Cinna as consul for the third time, was at last carried off by a late death at the beginning of his consular command.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marius dies in his seventh consulship.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.23 (CSEL 5:332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
5.19.24CSEL 5:332
Cinna bonorum neces malorum caede suppleuit. nam cum introducta per Marium fugitiuorum manus insatiabilis praedandi esset nullamque partem auctoribus praedae consulibus ministraret, in forum quasi stipendii causa sollicitata, militibusque circumdata, inermis extincta est. caesa sunt illa die in foro Vrbis octo milia fugitiuorum, idemque Cinna quarto consul ab exercitu suo interfectus est.
Cinna added to the deaths of the good the slaughter of the bad. For when the band of runaway slaves brought in by Marius was insatiable in plundering and gave no share to the consuls, the authors of the plunder, it was lured into the forum as if for pay, surrounded by soldiers, and destroyed unarmed. Eight thousand runaways were slain that day in the forum of the City; and the same Cinna, consul for the fourth time, was killed by his own army.
Notes and citation
Summary: Cinna massacres the slaves and is killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 5.19.24 (CSEL 5:332; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/5-19-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).