To Autolycus 2.35

Summary: The law forbids the worship of anything created; the prophets, speaking by one Spirit, agree about the one Creator and condemn idolatry.

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Greek text · Otto 8:158–162

Ὁ μὲν οὖν θεῖος νόμος οὐ μόνον κωλύει τὸ εἰδώλοις προσκυνεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς στοιχείοις, ἡλίῳ σελήνῃ ἢ τοῖς λοιποῖς ἄστροις, ἀλλʼ οὔτε τῷ οὐρανῷ οὔτε γῇ οὔτε θαλάσσῃ ἢ πηγαῖς ἢ ποταμοῖς θρησκεύειν· ἀλλʼ ἢ μόνῳ τῷ ὄντως θεῷ καὶ ποιητῇ τῶν ὅλων χρὴ λατρεύειν ἐν ὁσιότητι καρδίας καὶ εἰλικρινεῖ γνώμῃ. Διό φησιν ὁ ἅγιος νόμος· Οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις, οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου. Ὁμοίως καὶ οἱ προφῆται. Σολομὼν μὲν οὖν καὶ τὸ διὰ νεύματος μὴ ἁμαρτάνειν διδάσκει ἡμᾶς, λέγων· Οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου ὀρθὰ βλεπέτωσαν, τὰ δὲ βλέφαρά σου νευέτω δίκαια. Καὶ Μωσῆς δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς προφήτης περὶ μοναρχίας θεοῦ λέγει· Οὗτος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ὁ στερεῶν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ κτίζων τὴν γῆν, οὗ αἱ χεῖρες κατέδειξαν πᾶσαν τὴν στρατιὰν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ οὐ παρέδειξεν ὑμῖν αὐτὰ τοῦ ὀπίσω αὐτῶν πορεύεσθαι. Ἠσαΐας δὲ καὶ αὐτός φησιν· Οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός, ὁ στερεώσας τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ θεμελιώσας τὴν γῆν καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ διδοὺς πνοὴν τῷ λαῷ τῷ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς καὶ πνεῦμα τοῖς πατοῦσιν αὐτήν· Οὗτος κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν. Καὶ πάλιν διʼ αὐτοῦ· Ἐγώ, φησίν, ἐποίησα γῆν καὶ ἄνθρωπον ἐπʼ αὐτῇ, ἐγὼ τῇ χειρί μου ἐστερέωσα τὸν οὐρανόν. Καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ κεφαλαίῳ· Οὗτος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ὁ κατασκευάσας τὰ ἄκρα τῆς γῆς· οὐ πεινάσει οὐδὲ κοπιάσει, οὐδέ ἐστιν ἐξεύρησις τῆς φρονήσεως αὐτοῦ. Ὁμοίως καὶ Ἱερεμίας· καί φησιν· Ὁ ποιήσας τὴν γῆν ἐπὶ τῇ ἰσχύϊ αὐτοῦ, ἀνορθώσας τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐν τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ ἐξέτεινεν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ πλῆθος ὕδατος ἐν οὐρανῷ, καὶ ἀνήγαγεν νεφέλας ἐξ ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς, ἀστραπὰς εἰς ὑετὸν ἐποίησεν καὶ ἐξήγαγεν ἀνέμους ἐκ θησαυρῶν αὐτοῦ. Ὁρᾶν ἔστιν πῶς φίλα καὶ σύμφωνα ἐλάλησαν πάντες οἱ προφῆται, ἑνὶ καὶ τῷ αὐτῷ πνεύματι ἐκφωνήσαντες περί τε μοναρχίας θεοῦ καὶ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου γενέσεως καὶ τῆς ἀνθρώπου ποιήσεως. Οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ ὤδιναν, πενθοῦντες τὸ ἄθεον γένος τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ τοὺς δοκοῦντας εἶναι σοφοὺς διὰ τὴν ἐν αὐτοῖς πλάνην καὶ πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας κατῄσχυναν. Ὁ μὲν Ἱερεμίας ἔφη· Ἐμωράνθη πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἀπὸ γνώσεως αὐτοῦ, κατῃσχύνθη πᾶς χρυσοχόος ἀπὸ τῶν γλυπτῶν αὐτοῦ, εἰς μάτην ἀργυροκόπος ἀργυροκοπεῖ, οὐκ ἔστιν πνεῦμα ἐν αὐτοῖς, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπισκοπῆς αὐτῶν ἀπολοῦνται. Τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ὁ Δαυὶδ λέγει· Ἐφθάρησαν καὶ ἐβδελύχθησαν ἐν ἐπιτηδεύμασιν αὐτῶν, οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός· πάντες ἐξέκλιναν, ἅμα ἠχρειώθησαν. Ὁμοίως καὶ Ἀμβακούμ· Τί ὠφελεῖ γλυπτὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὅτι ἔγλυψεν αὐτὸ φαντασίαν ψευδῆ; Οὐαὶ τῷ λέγοντι τῷ λίθῳ Ἐξεγέρθητι, καὶ τῷ ξύλῳ Ὑψώθητι. Ὁμοίως εἶπον καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ τῆς ἀληθείας προφῆται. Καὶ τί μοι τὸ πλῆθος καταλέγειν τῶν προφητῶν, πολλῶν ὄντων καὶ μυρία φίλα καὶ σύμφωνα εἰρηκότων; Οἱ γὰρ βουλόμενοι δύνανται ἐντυχόντες τοῖς διʼ αὐτῶν εἰρημένοις ἀκριβῶς γνῶναι τὸ ἀληθές, καὶ μὴ παράγεσθαι ὑπὸ διανοίας καὶ ματαιοπονίας. Οὗτοι οὖν οὓς προειρήκαμεν προφῆται ἐγένοντο ἐν Ἑβραίοις, ἀγράμματοι καὶ ποιμένες καὶ ἰδιῶται.

English · Claude translation

The divine law forbids worshiping not only idols but also the heavenly bodies, the sun, the moon, or the other stars; nor may one worship the heaven or the earth or the sea or springs or rivers. One must serve only the true God and Maker of all things, in holiness of heart and sincerity of mind. That is why the holy law says: “You shall not commit adultery, you shall not murder, you shall not steal, you shall not bear false witness, you shall not covet your neighbor's wife.” The prophets say the same. Solomon teaches us not to sin even by a nod, saying: “Let your eyes look straight ahead, and let your eyelids nod what is right.” And Moses, himself a prophet, says about the sole sovereignty of God: “This is your God, who makes firm the heaven and creates the earth, whose hands displayed all the host of heaven; and he did not show them to you so that you should go after them.” Isaiah himself says: “Thus says the Lord God, who made firm the heaven and founded the earth and all that is in it, who gives breath to the people on it and spirit to those who walk on it: this is the Lord your God.” And again through him: “I,” he says, “made the earth and man upon it; with my hand I made firm the heaven.” And in another chapter: “This is your God, who formed the ends of the earth; he will not hunger or grow weary, and his understanding is unsearchable.” Likewise Jeremiah says: “He made the earth by his strength, he set the world upright by his wisdom, and by his understanding he stretched out the heaven, and a mass of water in the heaven; he brought up clouds from the end of the earth, made lightnings for the rain, and brought out winds from his storehouses.” One can see how all the prophets spoke in friendship and agreement, uttering by one and the same Spirit their teaching on the sole sovereignty of God, the origin of the world, and the making of the human being. More than that: they were in anguish, grieving over the godless race of human beings, and they put to shame those who seemed to be wise, because of the error and hardness of heart in them. Jeremiah said: “Every man has become foolish, without knowledge; every goldsmith is put to shame by his carved images; in vain does the silversmith work the silver; there is no breath in them; in the day of their visitation they will perish.” David says the same: “They are corrupt and have become abominable in their deeds; there is no one who does good, not even one; all have turned aside, together they have become worthless.” Likewise Habakkuk: “What does a carved image profit the man who carved it, a false phantom? Woe to him who says to the stone, Wake up, and to the wood, Rise up.” So spoke the other prophets of truth as well. Why should I list the multitude of the prophets, who are many and have said ten thousand things in friendship and agreement? Those who wish can, by reading what was spoken through them, know the truth precisely, and not be led astray by opinion and futile labor. These prophets we have mentioned arose among the Hebrews: unlettered men, shepherds, and ordinary people.

About this passage

Source
Otto 8:158–162 · Johann Carl Theodor Otto, ed., Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres, Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8 (Jena: Mauke, 1861) · Greek text: J. C. T. Otto, Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres (Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8, 1861), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Otto, CorpApol 8. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Otto (1861); made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Scripture
Topics
Scripture and canon

Notes

Translation notes

  • The saying ascribed to Moses is not found in this form in the Pentateuch; it resembles Deut 4:19 combined with Isa 45:12.
  • The prophetic quotations are Prov 4:25; Isa 42:5; 45:12; 40:28; Jer 10:12–15; Ps 14:1–3 (13:1–3 LXX); and Hab 2:18–19, all close to the Septuagint.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (misplaced accent: βλεφαρά for βλέφαρά; misprint: Ἀββαπούμ for Ἀμβακούμ (Habakkuk)): τὰ δὲ βλεφαρά σου → τὰ δὲ βλέφαρά σου; Ὁμοίως καὶ Ἀββαπούμ → Ὁμοίως καὶ Ἀμβακούμ.

Cite this passage

Theophilus, Autol. 2.35 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/35/).

Plain text
Theophilus, Autol. 2.35 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/35/).

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