Apologetic Book
Liber apologeticus contra Pelagium de arbitrii libertate
Read the whole work on one page
Contents
Reading pages: 1.1–14.3 · 15.1–24.7 · 25.1–33.7
- 1.1Orosius explains why he must write.
- 1.2He must expose the wolves in the flock.
- 1.3God wills the error and its authors to be exposed.
- 1.4The fathers have already written against the heresy.
- 1.5Old heretics live again in the Pelagians.
- 1.6Pelagius and Caelestius hiss like serpents in the church.
- 2.1The fathers counter the heresy with Scripture and prayer.
- 2.2The heretics themselves must be exposed.
- 2.3Tempering the stench is not enough.
- 2.4One builds, another destroys.
- 2.5Pelagius as Goliath.
- 2.6Like David fleeing Absalom, the orthodox are driven out.
- 2.7Goliath challenges from within the church.
- 3.1Orosius disclaims the role of David.
- 3.2Orosius came from Jerome's Bethlehem to the synod.
- 3.3The synod asks Orosius about Africa.
- 3.4Caelestius was condemned at Carthage.
- 3.5Augustine's writings against Pelagius.
- 3.6John has Pelagius brought in.
- 4.1Pelagius disdains Augustine; John seats him.
- 4.2John takes Augustine's part.
- 4.3John asks for charges against Pelagius himself.
- 4.4Pelagius admits his teaching.
- 4.5The doctrine was already condemned.
- 4.6Jerome has also condemned it.
- 5.1The orthodox refuse to be accusers.
- 5.2John cites Abraham and Zechariah; Orosius appeals to the fathers.
- 6.1A poor interpreter garbles the proceedings.
- 6.2John defends Pelagius's qualification.
- 6.3Orosius anathematizes denial of God's help.
- 6.4The Latins ask for a Latin judgment.
- 6.5The matter is referred to Pope Innocent.
- 7.1John accuses Orosius of blasphemy.
- 7.2The alleged blasphemy.
- 7.3Orosius denies the charge.
- 7.4John could not have understood Latin.
- 7.5John acts as accuser, witness and judge.
- 7.6Who was present at the session.
- 7.7Passerius and Domnus served as interpreters.
- 7.8No one else heard the alleged word.
- 8.1Perhaps the interpreter erred.
- 8.2False witnesses in Jerusalem, as against Christ and Stephen.
- 8.3Orosius does not challenge the bishop.
- 8.4Orosius swears his innocence.
- 8.5Like Susanna and Naboth, the innocent are falsely accused.
- 9.1Orosius turns to examine the question itself.
- 9.2To deny God's power would be blasphemy.
- 9.3Both detracted from God's power.
- 9.4God can do all things.
- 9.5Even pagans see God's power.
- 9.6The Jews know of the Red Sea crossing.
- 9.7The Jordan, Elijah and Habakkuk.
- 9.8Lazarus and the man born blind.
- 9.9The calming of the storm and Peter on the water.
- 10.1Only God can do all things.
- 10.2Paul attributes his labor to grace.
- 10.3Grace stands between “not I” and “with me.”
- 10.4Grace gives the will itself.
- 10.5Father, Son and Spirit all aid man.
- 11.1The Pelagian boast rebuked.
- 11.2Pelagius's book of Testimonies lacked any mention of grace.
- 11.3Silence is not affirmation.
- 11.4Silence is not speech.
- 11.5Pelagius's added qualification does not cohere.
- 11.6Pelagius has no real need of God's help.
- 11.7If it is easy for man, grace is superfluous.
- 11.8Pelagius must choose between grace and free ability.
- 12.1Orosius leaves the full refutation to Augustine and Jerome.
- 12.2God, not man, preserved the three young men.
- 12.3The healings show God's ability, not man's.
- 12.4Pelagius presumes to forgive sins by his own power.
- 13.1Pelagius's boast about sinning and not sinning.
- 13.2Only baptismal grace frees from past sin.
- 13.3All must await God's judgment.
- 13.4Sins are judged only at the end.
- 13.5Man can sin by himself but not free himself.
- 13.6Christ alone judges.
- 14.1Repentance begins salvation but does not make one sinless.
- 14.2David was forgiven yet punished.
- 14.3Paul's sufferings; mercy over judgment.
- 15.1Some do not fear the coming judgment.
- 15.2The self-righteous will be rejected.
- 15.3Only the sinless dwells on God's mountain: Christ.
- 15.4Christ alone is without sin.
- 15.5No one is worthy to open the book.
- 15.6Only the Lion of Judah can open it.
- 15.7The book is the book of judgment, given to the Son.
- 16.1Pelagius's claim makes him rival Christ.
- 16.2Pelagius as forerunner of Antichrist.
- 16.3Christ won through suffering; Pelagius claims it at ease.
- 16.4Christ was tempted again; Pelagius claims to be beyond temptation.
- 16.5Pelagius has no horns and few eyes, yet presumes much.
- 16.6Pelagius claims the sevenfold Spirit.
- 16.7Pelagius's claims mocked: wisdom and understanding.
- 16.8Counsel, strength, and knowledge.
- 16.9Piety and fear of God.
- 16.10Pelagius as if the Spirit rested on him as on Christ.
- 16.11Only Christ has the fullness; we run after his fragrance.
- 17.1Pelagius protests his humility.
- 17.2His words are humble, his writings proud.
- 17.3Only Christ is sinless.
- 17.4Follow Christ or confess to being the other.
- 17.5Grace is given by measure from Christ's fullness.
- 17.6Each receives a measure of faith.
- 17.7Gifts are distributed by the Spirit.
- 17.8The church as a body of mutually dependent members.
- 17.9The fullness dwells in Christ.
- 17.10No one has the fullness alone.
- 17.11Christ is the true light; the apostles reflect it.
- 17.12We have only the lamp of the prophetic word.
- 17.13Our lamps are fragile.
- 18.1What light lacks, darkness fills.
- 18.2Man needs help and still sins.
- 18.3Each gift has its weakness.
- 18.4Every virtue borders a vice.
- 18.5Grace is a gift, not a debt.
- 18.6Children of wrath made children of mercy.
- 18.7All must appear before Christ's judgment seat.
- 18.8Pelagius does not need the judge's mercy.
- 18.9The righteous are humble; Pelagius is sure.
- 19.1Pelagius insists he affirms God's help.
- 19.2Orosius takes up the challenge.
- 19.3God's help reaches the church and all nations.
- 19.4Grace is continual, not only natural endowment.
- 19.5God gives rain when and where he wills.
- 19.6The farmer plows in hope of God's gift.
- 19.7God gives the growth.
- 19.8God's help is everywhere.
- 20.1The devil roams the earth.
- 20.2The devil worked before there was any church.
- 20.3God guarded men even then.
- 20.4God asks about Job.
- 20.5Even the devil admits God protected Job.
- 20.6God limits the devil's power over Job.
- 20.7God shields the weak from the devil.
- 21.1Now the special grace given to the church.
- 21.2Paul on grace given in Christ.
- 21.3Peter on the grace foretold by the prophets.
- 21.4Turning to Job as a man “without crime.”
- 21.5The Pelagian appeal to Job and Zechariah.
- 21.6“Without crime” is not “without sin.”
- 21.7Paul uses “without crime” of ordinary believers.
- 21.8The Corinthians are both blameless and at fault.
- 21.9Scripture speaks according to human judgment.
- 21.10Such praise is not God's final verdict.
- 22.1Job's trial confounded the devil.
- 22.2God humbles Job after his trial.
- 22.3God's questions to Job.
- 22.4Job confesses he is nothing.
- 22.5Zechariah too was rebuked.
- 22.6“Blameless” is an example, not perfection.
- 23.1“Spotless in the way” means orthodox in faith.
- 23.2Spotless faith in the Trinity.
- 23.3Abraham's spotlessness is faith.
- 23.4David prays to be cleansed of hidden faults.
- 23.5Peter is both praised and rebuked.
- 23.6Peter sinned out of love.
- 24.1Even David prayed for cleansing.
- 24.2David was not allowed to build the temple.
- 24.3Pelagius demands what God never did.
- 24.4Nothing new under the sun.
- 24.5David and Solomon chosen for the temple.
- 24.6Neither David nor Solomon was sinless.
- 24.7God alone is true.
- 25.1Pelagius hopes for what David and Solomon lacked.
- 25.2The correction is a new patch on an old garment.
- 25.3Orosius returns to Christ, the head.
- 25.4Christ set forth as propitiation.
- 25.5Christ the mediator and the Word.
- 25.6The sinless Word made flesh.
- 25.7Christ creates, redeems, and judges.
- 26.1God gave free will with a law.
- 26.2Freedom is meant for chosen service.
- 26.3God's power is joined to reason and order.
- 26.4God chastises without overturning nature.
- 26.5The fall and original sin.
- 27.1One man's sin brought death to all.
- 27.2God's not doing something does not mean inability.
- 27.3Orosius calls on Peter and Paul.
- 27.4Peter on the hope of salvation.
- 27.5Paul on predestination and the fullness of times.
- 28.1Pelagius will not wait for God's time.
- 28.2Not even Moses was made sinless before the time.
- 28.3Everything has its time.
- 28.4God will judge in his time.
- 28.5Wait for God's order, as Christ did.
- 28.6Christ could but would not.
- 28.7Christ drinks the cup.
- 28.8Even Antichrist comes in his time.
- 28.9The days shortened for the elect.
- 28.10Pelagius demands assent to the unprecedented.
- 28.11Pelagius twists the orthodox position.
- 28.12Even the demons know the appointed time.
- 28.13If demons still have time, so is Pelagius still tempted.
- 29.1Pelagius's indecorous Letter to Demetrias.
- 29.2Orosius blames Pelagius's ghostwriters.
- 29.3Pelagius accuses the catholics of calling nature evil.
- 29.4Anathema to anyone who calls God's creation evil.
- 29.5Human nature is weak, not evil.
- 29.6The saints confess weakness.
- 29.7Jeremiah, Habakkuk, and David confess.
- 29.8The apostles confess.
- 29.9All flesh is grass.
- 30.1Pelagius resists all these testimonies.
- 30.2Pelagius's charge against those who plead weakness.
- 30.3Pelagius misrepresents the church.
- 30.4The church's true teaching.
- 30.5The unforgiving servant.
- 30.6Pelagius is like Laodicea.
- 30.7Pelagius is not Peter.
- 30.8Peter: the yoke no one could bear.
- 30.9Peter's verdict reverses Pelagius's.
- 30.10No saint bore the law; all were saved by grace.
- 31.1Pelagius rebukes those whom Peter defends.
- 31.2Pelagius's bodily bulk mocked.
- 31.3The narrow way; Augustine's judgment.
- 31.4The great commandments.
- 31.5Does Pelagius keep the first commandment perfectly?
- 31.6Does he never flatter the great?
- 31.7Does he love all Christians as himself?
- 31.8Receive the kingdom like an infant.
- 31.9The infant asks and receives.
- 32.1Orosius gives his own view.
- 32.2Complaining of weakness is itself a sin.
- 32.3Glory in weakness.
- 32.4When weak, then strong.
- 32.5Weakness prays always.
- 32.6God does more than we ask.
- 32.7Sinlessness belongs to the hidden future glory.
- 32.8Sinlessness is a future gift.
- 32.9Victory over sin comes at the resurrection.
- 32.10Perfection belongs to the resurrection.
- 32.11Let him show perfection, not claim it.
- 32.12Grace is sufficient.
- 33.1Free will offers itself as soil to God.
- 33.2Our part is prayer and devotion.
- 33.3The vine and the branches.
- 33.4Adam out of paradise; the thief into it.
- 33.5Sinlessness awaits paradise.
- 33.6Orosius concludes.
- 33.7Hate the heresy, not the heretic.