Daniel 1 in the early church
82 passages quote, allude to, or echo Daniel 1, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 12 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 20
Daniel 1 as a whole
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1–Dan:12 | Canon 60 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 343–381 |
| Dan 1–Dan:12 | Canon 47 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 397 |
Daniel 1:1
In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it.
Daniel 1:2
And the Lord delivered into his hand Jehoiakim king of Judah, along with some of the articles from the house of God. He carried these off to the land of Shinar, to the house of his god, where he put them in the treasury of his god.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:2 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 3 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
| Dan 1:2 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 4 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:3
Then the king ordered Ashpenaz, the chief of his court officials, to bring in some Israelites from the royal family and the nobility—
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:3 | Letter to Origen 1 · Julius Africanus | allusion, low confidence | ca. 220–245 |
| Dan 1:3 | Homilies on Ezekiel 4.5 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Dan 1:3 | Letter 100.7 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Dan 1:3–4 | Against Jovinianus 1.25 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Dan 1:3–5 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 5 · Polychronius of Apamea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
| Dan 1:3 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 6 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:4
young men without blemish, handsome, gifted in all wisdom, knowledgeable, quick to understand, and qualified to serve in the king’s palace—and to teach them the language and literature of the Chaldeans.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:4 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 7 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
| Dan 1:4 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 8 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:5
The king assigned them daily provisions of the royal food and wine. They were to be trained for three years, after which they were to enter the king’s service.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:5 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 22 · Polychronius of Apamea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:6
Among these young men were some from Judah: Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:6 | Miscellanies 2.20.103 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Dan 1:6 | Fragment 41 · Julius Africanus | allusion, medium confidence | after 221 |
| Dan 1:6 | Homilies on Ezekiel 4.5 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Jerome's translation in the 380s) |
| Dan 1:6 | Commentary on Romans 10.21 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Dan 1:6 | Question 14, section 5 · Ambrosiaster | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Dan 1:6–7 | Letter 65.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Dan 1:6–7 | On Paradise 21 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Dan 1:6 | On Jacob and the Happy Life 1.36 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| Dan 1:6 | Homilies on Matthew 43.5 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| Dan 1:6 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 9 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
| Dan 1:6 | Apology against Jerome 1.26 · Rufinus of Aquileia | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 401 |
| Dan 1:6–7 | Part 2, chapter 33 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | allusion, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Daniel 1:7
The chief official gave them new names: To Daniel he gave the name Belteshazzar; to Hananiah, Shadrach; to Mishael, Meshach; and to Azariah, Abednego.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:7 | First Apology 46 · Justin Martyr | echo, low confidence | ca. 150–155 |
| Dan 1:7 | Homilies on Numbers 25.3 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Dan 1:7 | Acts of Fructuosus, Augurius and Eulogius 4 · Anonymous | allusion, low confidence | 259 (21 January) |
| Dan 1:7 | On the Complaints of Job and David 4.27 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
Daniel 1:8
But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s food or wine. So he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself.
Daniel 1:9
Now God had granted Daniel favor and compassion from the chief official,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:9 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 13 · Polychronius of Apamea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
| Dan 1:9 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 14 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:10
but he said to Daniel, “I fear my lord the king, who has assigned your food and drink. For why should he see your faces looking thinner than those of the other young men your age? You would endanger my head before the king!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:10 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 15 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:12
“Please test your servants for ten days. Let us be given only vegetables to eat and water to drink.
Daniel 1:15
And at the end of ten days, they looked healthier and better nourished than all the young men who were eating the king’s food.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:15 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 17 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:16
So the steward continued to withhold their choice food and the wine they were to drink, and he gave them vegetables instead.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:16 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 16 · Polychronius of Apamea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 400-430 |
| Dan 1:16 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 17 · Polychronius of Apamea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:17
To these four young men God gave knowledge and understanding in every kind of literature and wisdom. And Daniel had insight into all kinds of visions and dreams.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:17 | Commentary on Daniel 1.4-10 · Hippolytus of Rome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 202-204 |
| Dan 1:17 | On Fasting 9 · Tertullian | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210–220 |
| Dan 1:17–20 | Homilies on Numbers 18.3 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Dan 1:17–20 | Against Celsus 6.14 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Dan 1:17 | Homilies 22.2 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Dan 1:17 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 21 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:18
Now at the end of the time specified by the king, the chief official presented them to Nebuchadnezzar.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:18 | Commentary on Daniel 1, scholion 22 · Polychronius of Apamea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400-430 |
Daniel 1:20
In every matter of wisdom and understanding about which the king consulted them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and enchanters in his entire kingdom.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan 1:20 | Against Celsus 3.45 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |