Hosea 2 in the early church
[Vulgate: Osee]
78 passages quote, allude to, or echo Hosea 2, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 13 · 15 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23
Hosea 2:1
“Say of your brothers, ‘My people,’ and of your sisters, ‘My loved one.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:1 | Against Faustus the Manichaean 22.89 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 398–400 |
Hosea 2:2
Rebuke your mother, rebuke her, for she is not My wife, and I am not her husband. Let her remove the adultery from her face and the unfaithfulness from between her breasts.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:2 (2:4 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.17.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Hos 2:2–3 | Demonstration 16.3 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
| Hos 2:2 | Eleven Tractates 1.22 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Hos 2:2 | Altercatio, chapter 2, speech 47 · Evagrius of Gaul | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400 |
| Hos 2:2 | Tractates on the Gospel of John 42.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 406–420 |
Hosea 2:5
For their mother has played the harlot and has conceived them in disgrace. For she thought, ‘I will go after my lovers, who give me bread and water, wool and linen, oil and drink.’
Hosea 2:6
Therefore, behold, I will hedge up her path with thorns; I will enclose her with a wall, so she cannot find her way.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:6 (2:8 LXX) | Commentary on Romans 7.20 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Hos 2:6 | Letter 122.1 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Hos 2:6 | Eleven Tractates 1.24 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Hos 2:6–8 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 3.27 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 400–401 |
| Hos 2:6 | The Conferences 13.8 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Hosea 2:7
She will pursue her lovers but not catch them; she will seek them but not find them. Then she will say, ‘I will return to my first husband, for then I was better off than now.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:7 | Homilies on Exodus 8.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Hos 2:7 (2:9 LXX) | Commentary on Romans 8.12 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Hos 2:7 | Letter 122.1 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Hos 2:7 | Eleven Tractates 1.24 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Hos 2:7 | The Conferences 13.8 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Hosea 2:8
For she does not acknowledge that it was I who gave her grain, new wine, and oil, who lavished on her silver and gold—which they crafted for Baal.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:8 | The Instructor 2.12.126 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Hos 2:8 (2:10 LXX) | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.159 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Hos 2:8 | On Paradise 15 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 375-378 |
| Hos 2:8 | On Baptism, against the Donatists 4.23 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400–401 |
Hosea 2:9
Therefore I will take back My grain in its time and My new wine in its season; I will take away My wool and linen, which were given to cover her nakedness.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:9 | Eleven Tractates 1.22 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Hosea 2:10
And then I will expose her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and no one will deliver her out of My hands.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:10 | Eleven Tractates 1.22 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Hosea 2:11
I will put an end to all her exultation: her feasts, New Moons, and Sabbaths—all her appointed feasts.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:11 | Against Marcion 1.20 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Hos 2:11 | Against Marcion 5.4 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Hos 2:11 | Demonstration 12.2 · Aphrahat | quotation, high confidence | 337-345 |
Hosea 2:13
I will punish her for the days of the Baals when she burned incense to them, when she adorned herself with rings and jewelry, and went after her lovers. But Me she forgot,” declares the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:13 | The Instructor 2.12.126 · Clement of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
Hosea 2:15
There I will give back her vineyards and make the Valley of Achor into a gateway of hope. There she will respond as she did in the days of her youth, as in the day she came up out of Egypt.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:15 | Demonstration 16.3 · Aphrahat | allusion, medium confidence | 337-345 |
Hosea 2:17
For I will remove from her lips the names of the Baals; no longer will their names be invoked.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:17 (2:19 LXX) | Apostolic Constitutions 5.11.2 · Anonymous | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Hos 2:17 | Eleven Tractates 1.9 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Hosea 2:18
On that day I will make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air and the creatures that crawl on the ground. And I will abolish bow and sword and battle in the land, and will make them lie down in safety.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:18 | Homilies on Psalms 36-38 3.1 · Origen | echo, low confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Hos 2:18 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.1.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:18 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.2.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:18 | Eleven Tractates 1.9 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Hos 2:18 (2:20 LXX) | The Conferences 12.7 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
Hosea 2:19
So I will betroth you to Me forever; I will betroth you in righteousness and justice, in loving devotion and compassion.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:19 | Commentary on Romans 9.1 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Hos 2:19–20 | Letters 46, 47 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Hos 2:19 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.1.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:19 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.2.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:19–20 | Sermon 146 · Peter Chrysologus | quotation, high confidence | ca. 425-450 |
Hosea 2:20
And I will betroth you in faithfulness, and you will know the LORD.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:20 (2:22 LXX) | Homilies on Leviticus 12.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Hos 2:20 (2:22 LXX) | Commentary on Romans 2.11 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Hos 2:20 (2:22 LXX) | Catechetical Lecture 12.26 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Hos 2:20 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.1.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
Hosea 2:21
“On that day I will respond—” declares the LORD—“I will respond to the heavens, and they will respond to the earth.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:21 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.1.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:21 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.3.1 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
Hosea 2:22
And the earth will respond to the grain, to the new wine and oil, and they will respond to Jezreel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:22 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.1.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:22 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.3.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
Hosea 2:23
And I will sow her as My own in the land, and I will have compassion on ‘No Compassion.’ I will say to those called ‘Not My People,’ ‘You are My people,’ and they will say, ‘You are my God.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hos 2:23 | Against Heresies 1.10.3 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Hos 2:23 | Against Heresies 3.9.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | allusion, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Hos 2:23 | Against the Jews 3 · Tertullian | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Hos 2:23 (2:25 LXX) | Against Marcion 4.16 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Hos 2:23 | Eclogae on Exodus-Judges, column 813 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Hos 2:23 | Lines 237–260 · Commodian | allusion, high confidence | 3rd century (disputed) |
| Hos 2:23 | Commentary on Romans 7.18 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| Hos 2:23 | To Quirinus 1.19 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Hos 2:23 (2:25 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.40 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Hos 2:23 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.1.2 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:23 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.1.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:23 | Treatise on the Mysteries 2.3.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Hos 2:23 | Commentary on Romans 9:25–26 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Hos 2:23 | Question 44, section 12 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Hos 2:23 | Letter 120.10 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Hos 2:23 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 31.31.10 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, medium confidence | 374-377 |
| Hos 2:23 | Apostolic Constitutions 3.16.3 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Hos 2:23 | Tractates 8 · Gaudentius of Brescia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 397-410 |
| Hos 2:23 | Book 2, chapter 18 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
| Hos 2:23 | Part 2, chapter 15 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |