Seven Books of History against the Pagans 3.1.1–3.13.11
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 3, chapter 1
3.1.1CSEL 5:135
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCLXIIII, quem annum sicut grauissimum propter ignotam sibi captiuitatem Roma persensit ita magnificum propter insolitam pacem Graecia habuit, eo siquidem tempore, quo Galli Romam captam incensamque tenuerunt ac uendiderunt, Artaxerxes rex Persarum discedere ab armis et quiescere in pace uniuersam Graeciam per legatos praecepit, denuntians contradictorem pacis bello inpetendum.
In the 364th year from the founding of the City, a year which Rome felt as most grievous because of a captivity unknown to it, while Greece held it magnificent because of an unaccustomed peace (for at the time when the Gauls held, after capturing and burning it, and sold Rome), Artaxerxes, king of the Persians, commanded through envoys that all Greece withdraw from arms and rest in peace, declaring that any opponent of the peace would be attacked in war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Artaxerxes imposed peace on Greece in the year of the Gallic sack.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.1 (CSEL 5:135; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.2CSEL 5:135–136
quem ita iubentem potuissent utique Graeci tam constanter contemnere, quam fortiter saepe uicerunt, nisi porrectam undecumque occasionem quam auide desiderauerant, tam libenter hausissent —
The Greeks could surely have despised him giving such orders as steadfastly as they had often bravely defeated him, had they not seized the opportunity offered from any quarter, which they had so eagerly desired, as gladly as they did:
Notes and citation
Summary: The Greeks accepted because they longed for peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.2 (CSEL 5:135–136; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.3CSEL 5:136
ostenderunt enim, quam aegre et misere illa eatenus gesserint, quae tam facile indigna etiam condicione posuerunt: nam quid tam indignum liberis et fortibus uiris, quam longe remoti; saepe uicti, adhuc hostis et deinde minitantis imperio arma deponere pacique seruire? — si non in ipso tantum adnuntiatae pacis sono per corda cunctorum aegra belli tabuisset intentio et post diuturnas laborum uigilias oscitantes ac stupefactos quies inopina laxasset, priusquam ipsam quietem uoluntas pacta conponeret.
for they showed how reluctantly and wretchedly they had carried on those things until then, which they laid down so easily, even on unworthy terms. For what is so unworthy of free and brave men as, at the command of an enemy far removed, often defeated, still an enemy and threatening besides, to lay down arms and be slaves to peace? Unless, at the very sound of the announced peace, the sick intention of war had wasted away in the hearts of all, and unexpected rest had relaxed them, yawning and stupefied after long vigils of labours, before their will had set the agreed rest in order.
Notes and citation
Summary: Their eagerness showed how weary of war they were.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): ostesderunt → ostenderunt; eatenns → eatenus; minitantis. imperio → minitantis imperio; cunctorum. aegra → cunctorum aegra.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.3 (CSEL 5:136; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.4CSEL 5:136
unde autem tanta fatigatio omnium per totam Graeciam populorum corda corporaque oppresserit, quae efferos animos ignoto adquiescere otio tam facile persuasit, quam breuissime ostendam.
But whence so great a weariness oppressed the hearts and bodies of all peoples throughout Greece, which so easily persuaded savage spirits to acquiesce in an unknown leisure, I shall show as briefly as possible.
Notes and citation
Summary: He will explain Greece's weariness.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): adquiesoere → adquiescere.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.4 (CSEL 5:136; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.5CSEL 5:136
Lacedaemonii, utpote homines et Graeci homines, quo plura habebant, eo ampliora cupientes, postquam Atheniensium potiti sunt, uniuersam Asiam spe dominationis hauserunt.
The Lacedaemonians, being men and Greek men, desiring more the more they had, after they had gained control of the Athenians, swallowed all Asia in the hope of domination.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta sought to dominate Asia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.5 (CSEL 5:136; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.6CSEL 5:136–137
itaque toto Orienti bellum monentes Hircyliden ducem in hanc militiam legunt. qui eum sibi aduersus duos potentissimos Artaxerxis Persarum regis praefectos Farnabasum et Tissafernen pugnandum uideret, prouiso ad tempus consilio, ut pondus geminae congressionis eluderet. unum denuntiato bello adpetit, alterum pacta pace suspendit.
So, stirring up war with the whole East, they chose Hircylides as general for this campaign. Since he saw that he had to fight against two very powerful prefects of Artaxerxes, king of the Persians, Pharnabazus and Tissaphernes, he took a counsel suited to the time, to evade the weight of a double engagement: he attacked one by declaring war, and held the other in suspense by a pact of peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Spartan general fought one Persian satrap and made peace with the other.
- Hircylides is Dercylidas.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): potentissimes → potentissimos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.6 (CSEL 5:136–137; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.7CSEL 5:137
Farnabazus Tissafernen apud Artaxerxen, communem tunc regem, defert ut proditorem, praesertim qui cum hoste belli tempore de foederis condicione pepigisset; hortaturque regem, ut in locum eius Cononem Atheniensem uirum, qui tunc forte apud Cyprum exulabat, ducem nauali bello constituat. acceptis igitur quingentis argenti talentis Conon per Farnabazum euocatur classique praeficitur.
Pharnabazus denounced Tissaphernes to Artaxerxes, then their common king, as a traitor, especially as one who had agreed with the enemy in time of war on the terms of a treaty; and he urged the king to appoint in his place as commander in the naval war Conon, an Athenian, who was then by chance living in exile in Cyprus. So, having received five hundred talents of silver, Conon was summoned through Pharnabazus and put in command of the fleet.
Notes and citation
Summary: Conon was given command of the Persian fleet.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): Farnabazns Tiasafernen apaud → Farnabazus Tissafernen apud.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.7 (CSEL 5:137; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.8CSEL 5:137–138
quibus conpertis Lacedaemonii et ipsi auxilia naualis belli a rege Aegypti Hereynione per legatos petunt, a quo centum instructas triremes et sescenta milia modium frumenti acceperunt; a sociis etiam undique magna contraxere subsidia.
On learning this, the Lacedaemonians too asked by envoys for help for the naval war from Hercynion, king of Egypt, from whom they received a hundred equipped triremes and six hundred thousand measures of grain; from their allies also they gathered great reinforcements on every side.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta got ships and grain from Egypt.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): anxilia → auxilia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.8 (CSEL 5:137–138; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.9CSEL 5:138
cui militiae consensu omnium Agesilaum ducem decreuerunt, uirum pede claudum, sed qui in difficillimo rerum statu mallent sibi regem claudicare quam regnum. raro umquam ita pares omni industria duces in unum coiere bellum, qui acerbissimis inuicem proeliis fatigati et multo sanguine obliti uelut inuicti ab alterutro recesserunt.
For this campaign they decreed by consent of all Agesilaus as general, a man lame in the foot, but they preferred, in the most difficult state of affairs, that their king limp rather than their kingdom. Rarely have generals so equal in all diligence come together in one war; worn out by most bitter battles against each other and smeared with much blood, they withdrew from each other as though unconquered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agesilaus and Conon fought indecisively.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.9 (CSEL 5:138; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.10CSEL 5:138
igitur Conon accepto iterum per se ipsum a Rege Magno stipendio reuersus ad classem inuadit hostiles agros, turres castella ceteraque praesidia expugnat et ueluti effusa tempestas quacumque incubuit cuncta prosternit.
So Conon, having again received pay from the Great King in person, returned to the fleet, invaded the enemy's lands, stormed towers, forts and other strongholds, and, like a storm let loose, laid everything low wherever he fell.
Notes and citation
Summary: Conon ravaged Spartan territory.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.10 (CSEL 5:138; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.11CSEL 5:138
Lacedaemonii uero domesticis malis circumuenti externis inhiare desistunt abiciuntque spem dominationis inminente periculo seruitutis; Agesilaum, quem cum exercitu in Asiam miserant, ad subsidium patriae reuocant.
The Lacedaemonians, beset by evils at home, ceased to gape after foreign things and cast away the hope of domination with the danger of slavery threatening; they recalled Agesilaus, whom they had sent with an army into Asia, to help the fatherland.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta recalled Agesilaus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ahiciuntque → abiciuntque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.11 (CSEL 5:138; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.12CSEL 5:138–139
interea Pisander, dux apud Spartam per Agesilaum regem relictus, maximam munitissimamque tunc classem instruxerat, motus aemulatione uirtutis Agesilai, ut, illo pedestrem expeditionem agitante, ipse quoque nauali discursu oram maritimam peruagaretur.
Meanwhile Pisander, the commander left at Sparta by King Agesilaus, had prepared a very great and well-equipped fleet, moved by rivalry with the courage of Agesilaus, so that, while he conducted a land expedition, he too might range the coast in naval raids.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pisander prepared a Spartan fleet.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.12 (CSEL 5:138–139; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.13CSEL 5:139
Conon uero suscepto negotio duplicem curam inpendebat debens sociis sollicitudinem, patriae fidem, ut huic exhiberet naturam, illis praeberet industriam: in hoc propensior ciuibus, quod quieti libertatique eorum alieni sanguinis discrimen inpenderet et pugnaret aduersus insolentissimos hostes periculo regis, praemio patriae.
Conon, having taken up the task, gave a double care, owing diligence to his allies and loyalty to his country, so as to show to the one his nature and to offer the other his industry; in this more inclined to his citizens, that he spent the risk of others' blood for their quiet and liberty, and fought against most insolent enemies at the king's risk, for the reward of his country.
Notes and citation
Summary: Conon served Persia but fought for Athens.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): duplioem → duplicem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.13 (CSEL 5:139; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.14CSEL 5:139
conserunt itaque nauale certamen Persae Conone, Spartani Pisandro duce; milites remiges ipsique ductores uno pariter in mutuam caedem ardore rapiuntur.
So they joined a naval battle, the Persians under Conon, the Spartans under Pisander; soldiers, rowers and the commanders themselves were swept with one equal ardour into mutual slaughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of Cnidus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.14 (CSEL 5:139; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.15CSEL 5:139–140
magnitudinem atque atrocitatem belli istius inclinatos ex hoc semper in posterum Lacedaemoniorum status prodit: namque ex illo fluere ac sublapsa retro referri Spartanorum spes uisa, donec adsurgendo aegre ac misere recidendo confecta et potestate careret et nomine.
The greatness and atrocity of this war are shown by the state of the Lacedaemonians, declining from then on always into the future: for from that time the hope of the Spartans seemed to ebb and, slipping, to be carried backward, until, rising with difficulty and falling back wretchedly, it was spent and lacked both power and name.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta declined from that battle.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): aegre ae misere → aegre ac misere.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.15 (CSEL 5:139–140; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.16CSEL 5:140
Atheniensibus uero haec eadem pugna initium recuperandae potentiae sicut Lacedaemoniis amittendae fuit. primi igitur Thebani, auxilio Atheniensium fulti, superiore clade saucios ac trepidos adgrediuntur, multa animati fiducia propter uirtutem atque industriam Epaminondae ducis sui, cum quo sibi facile obtinere posse imperium totius Graeciae uidebantur.
For the Athenians this same battle was the beginning of recovering power, as for the Lacedaemonians of losing it. So first the Thebans, supported by the help of the Athenians, attacked them, wounded and trembling from the earlier disaster, inspired with much confidence because of the courage and diligence of their general Epaminondas, with whom they thought they could easily gain the rule of all Greece.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thebes under Epaminondas attacked Sparta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.16 (CSEL 5:140; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.17CSEL 5:140
fit itaque terrestre proelium, Thebanis minimo negotio uincentibus. uincitur enim etiam hoc conflictu Lysander et occiditur; Pausanias quoque dux alter Lacedaemoniorum insimulatus proditionis in exilium traditur;
So a land battle took place, the Thebans winning with very little trouble. For in this conflict too Lysander was defeated and killed; Pausanias, the other general of the Lacedaemonians, accused of treachery, was sent into exile;
Notes and citation
Summary: Thebes won; Lysander was killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word division slip): proditioni sin exilium → proditionis in exilium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.17 (CSEL 5:140; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.18CSEL 5:140–141
Thebani autem uictoria potiti, collecta uniuersi exercitus manu, Spartam contendunt, putantes se uacuam praesidio ciuitatem nullo intraturos negotio, cuius iam omnes paene copias cum ipso rege delessent atque ab omnibus sociis destitutos uiderent.
the Thebans, having gained the victory, gathered the force of their whole army and marched on Sparta, thinking they would enter without any trouble a city empty of defence, almost all of whose forces they had already destroyed together with the king, and which they saw abandoned by all its allies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thebes marched on Sparta.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uiotoria → uictoria.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.18 (CSEL 5:140–141; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.19CSEL 5:141
Lacedaemonii periculo ciuitatis inpulsi habito inexercitati militis qualicumque dilectu obuiam hosti procedunt. sed uictis semel aduersum uictores obsistendi nec uirtus nec animus erat.
The Lacedaemonians, driven by the danger to the city, held some kind of levy of untrained soldiers and went out to meet the enemy. But having been conquered once, they had neither the courage nor the spirit to resist the victors.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta's untrained levy could not resist.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.19 (CSEL 5:141; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.20CSEL 5:141
cum igitur caedes tantum unius paene partis ageretur, repente rex Agesilaus arcessitus ex Asia inprouisus bello superuenit; Thebanos iam successu duplicis uictoriae laetiores segnioresque adgreditur nec difficile superat, maxime cum adhuc apud ipsum paene integrae uires haberentur. ipse tamen Agesilaus grauiter uulneratur.
So when only the slaughter of almost one side was going on, suddenly King Agesilaus, summoned from Asia, came upon the battle unexpectedly; he attacked the Thebans, already more joyful and slack from the success of a double victory, and overcame them without difficulty, especially since his forces were still almost intact. Agesilaus himself, however, was seriously wounded.
Notes and citation
Summary: Agesilaus returned and defeated the Thebans.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): oum igHur oaedes → cum igitur caedes; apud ipeum → apud ipsum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.20 (CSEL 5:141; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.21CSEL 5:141
at uero Athenienses cum conperissent insperata Lacedaemonios uictoria subleuatos, pristinae seruitutis, de qua tunc respirare uix coeperant, trepidi metu exercitum contrahunt eumque Boeotiis in auxilium adiungunt, commissum Iphicrati duci, qui adulescens admodum, uixdum annos uiginti natus, infirmitatem aetatis maturitate animi muniebat.
But the Athenians, when they learned that the Lacedaemonians had been raised up by an unexpected victory, trembling with fear of their former slavery, from which they had then scarcely begun to breathe again, gathered an army and joined it to the Boeotians in aid, entrusted to the general Iphicrates, who, quite young, barely twenty years old, fortified the weakness of his age with maturity of spirit.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens sent Iphicrates to help the Boeotians.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): at uero Athenienses eum → at uero Athenienses cum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.21 (CSEL 5:141; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.22CSEL 5:141–142
Conon quoque, uir quidem Atheniensis, dux autem Persici exercitus, audito Agesilai reditu ad populandos Lacedaemoniorum agros reuertitur. ita Spartani, strepitu circumsonantium undique hostium clausi atque exterriti, ultima propemodum desperatione tabuerunt.
Conon too, an Athenian man but commander of the Persian army, hearing of the return of Agesilaus, came back to ravage the lands of the Lacedaemonians. So the Spartans, shut in by the din of enemies sounding all around them and terrified, wasted away in almost final despair.
Notes and citation
Summary: Conon ravaged Spartan land; Sparta despaired.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.22 (CSEL 5:141–142; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.23CSEL 5:142
sed Conon postquam uasta hostilis soli populatione satiatus est, Athenas pergit, in maximo gaudio ciuium ipse tristis, quippe cum uideret urbem populo quondam cultuque ornatissimam, nunc miserabili ruinarum ac desolationis squalore confectam.
But Conon, after he had sated himself with the vast devastation of the enemy's soil, went to Athens, himself sad amid the greatest joy of the citizens, since he saw the city, once most adorned with people and culture, now consumed by the wretched squalor of ruins and desolation.
Notes and citation
Summary: Conon grieved over ruined Athens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.23 (CSEL 5:142; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.24CSEL 5:142
itaque magnum pietatis miserationisque monumentum in reparatione eius operatus est. namque eam a Lacedaemoniis exinanitam Lacedaemoniorum praedis repleuit, Persis incendentibus concrematam Persis aedificantibus reformauit.
So he wrought a great monument of piety and compassion in its restoration: for he filled it, emptied by the Lacedaemonians, with the spoils of the Lacedaemonians, and rebuilt it, burned by the Persians, with Persians building.
Notes and citation
Summary: Conon rebuilt Athens with Spartan spoils and Persian labour.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.24 (CSEL 5:142; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.1.25CSEL 5:142
interea Artaxerxes rex Persarum, sicut principio dictum est, uniuersis Graeciae populis per legatos, ut ab armis discederent et paci adquiescerent, imperauit: non quia misericorditer fessis consuleret, sed ne se in Aegypto bellis occupato aliqua in regnum suum temptaretur inruptio.
Meanwhile Artaxerxes, king of the Persians, as was said at the beginning, commanded all the peoples of Greece through envoys to withdraw from arms and acquiesce in peace: not because he took merciful thought for the weary, but so that, while he was occupied with wars in Egypt, no invasion of his kingdom would be attempted.
Notes and citation
Summary: Artaxerxes imposed peace for his own ends.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.1.25 (CSEL 5:142; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-1-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 2
3.2.1CSEL 5:142–143
Cunctis igitur Graecis optatissima quiete resolutis domesticoque otio torpentibus Lacedaemonii, inquieti magis quam strenui et furore potius quam uirtute intolerabiles, post bella deposita temptant furta bellorum.
So when all the Greeks were relaxed in a most longed-for quiet and torpid with domestic leisure, the Lacedaemonians, restless rather than vigorous, and intolerable by fury rather than by courage, after laying down wars attempted thefts of war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta broke the peace by stealth.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.1 (CSEL 5:142–143; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.2CSEL 5:143
nam speculati absentiam Arcadum castellum eorum repentina inruptione perfringunt. Arcades uero exciti iniuria, iuncto sibi Thebanorum auxilio amissa furto bello repetunt.
For, spying out the absence of the Arcadians, they broke into their fort by a sudden attack. The Arcadians, roused by the injury, joined to themselves the help of the Thebans and sought back by war what they had lost by theft.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta seized an Arcadian fort; Arcadia and Thebes struck back.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): iunoto → iuncto.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.2 (CSEL 5:143; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.3CSEL 5:143
in eo proelio Archidamus dux Lacedaemoniorum uulneratus cum iam caedi suos ut uictos uideret, occisorum corpora per praeconem ad sepulturam poposcit: quod signum uictoriae traditae inter Graecos haberi solet.
In that battle Archidamus, the Lacedaemonian general, wounded, when he saw his men already being slaughtered as conquered, asked through a herald for the bodies of the slain for burial: which among the Greeks is held to be a sign of victory conceded.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta conceded defeat by asking for its dead.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.3 (CSEL 5:143; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.4CSEL 5:143
Thebani autem hac confessione contenti, dato parcendi signo, finem dedere certamini.
The Thebans, content with this admission, gave the signal for sparing and put an end to the contest.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Thebans stopped the battle.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.4 (CSEL 5:143; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.5CSEL 5:143
paucis deinde interuenientibus indutiarum diebus, Lacedaemoniis ad alia bella conuersis, Thebani cum Epaminonda duce de inuadenda Lacedaemona quasi secura et destituta cepere fiduciam. taciti intempesta nocte Lacedaemonam ueniunt; sed non ita incautam uel indefensam, sicut rebantur, offendunt:
Then, a few days of truce intervening, while the Lacedaemonians were turned to other wars, the Thebans with their general Epaminondas took confidence about invading Lacedaemon as though secure and abandoned. They came silently to Lacedaemon in the dead of night; but they did not find it as unguarded or undefended as they had thought:
Notes and citation
Summary: Epaminondas attempted a night attack on Sparta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.5 (CSEL 5:143; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.6CSEL 5:143–144
armati enim senes cum reliqua turba inbellis aetatis, praecognito aduentu hostium, in ipsis se portarum angustiis obiecerunt et aduersus quindecim milia militum uix centum confecti aeuo homines proruperunt. his itaque tantam belli molem sustinentibus iuuentus superueniens congredi aduersus Thebanos aperto certamine incunctanter decreuit.
for the old men, armed, with the rest of the crowd of unwarlike age, having foreknown the enemy's coming, threw themselves into the very narrows of the gates, and scarcely a hundred men worn out with age burst out against fifteen thousand soldiers. While they were sustaining so great a mass of war, the youth arrived and resolved without hesitation to engage the Thebans in open battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta's old men held the gates until the young men came.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.6 (CSEL 5:143–144; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.7CSEL 5:144
commisso proelio cum Lacedaemonii uincerentur, repente Epaminondas dux Thebanorum incautius dimicans uulneratur. quare dum his ex dolore metus, illis ex gaudio stupor nascitur, ueluti ex consensu tacito utrimque discessum est.
When battle was joined and the Lacedaemonians were being defeated, suddenly Epaminondas, general of the Thebans, fighting too incautiously, was wounded. Therefore, while fear arose in these from grief and stupor in those from joy, both sides withdrew as if by tacit consent.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epaminondas was wounded and both sides withdrew.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.7 (CSEL 5:144; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.8CSEL 5:144
Epaminondas autem grauiter saucius cum de uictoria suorum conperisset scutumque exosculatus esset, remota manu, qua uulnus occluserat, egressum sanguinis ac mortis patefecit introitum: cuius mortem sic Thebanorum perditio subsecuta est, ut non perdidisse ducem sed ipsi cum eo tunc perisse uiderentur.
But Epaminondas, gravely wounded, when he had learned of his men's victory and had kissed his shield, removed the hand with which he had closed the wound and opened an exit for the blood and an entrance for death: and the ruin of the Thebans so followed his death that they seemed not to have lost a general but themselves to have perished with him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Epaminondas died, and Thebes's power with him.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.8 (CSEL 5:144; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.9CSEL 5:144
Contexui indigestae historiae inextricabilem cratem atque incertos bellorum orbes huc et illuc lymphatico furore gestorum uerbis e uestigio secutus inplicui, quoniam tanto, ut uideo, inordinatius scripsi, quanto magis ordinem custodiui.
I have woven the tangled wickerwork of an undigested history, and, following in words step by step the uncertain cycles of wars waged here and there with frenzied fury, I have entangled them; for, as I see, I have written the more disorderly the more I have kept to the order.
Notes and citation
Summary: The history is as tangled as the wars.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): histeriae → historiae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.9 (CSEL 5:144; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.10CSEL 5:144–145
improba dominandi Lacedaemoniorum cupiditas quantis populis, qualibus urbibus, quibus prouinciis cuiusmodi odiorum motus, quantas causas certaminum suscitarit, quis uel numero uel ordine uel ratione disponat? cum ipsi quoque non plus adflicti bellis quam bellorum confusione referantur:
The wicked desire of the Lacedaemonians for domination, among how many peoples, what cities, which provinces, what kind of movements of hatred, how many causes of conflict it stirred up, who could set out in number or order or reckoning? Since they themselves too are reported to have been afflicted no more by wars than by the confusion of wars:
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta's lust for power caused countless wars.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.10 (CSEL 5:144–145; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.11CSEL 5:145
siquidem tracto per aliquot aetates hoc continuo bello Athenienses Lacedaemonii Arcades Boeotii Thebani, postremo Graecia Asia Persis atque Aegyptos cum Libya insulisque, maximis nauales simul pedestresque conflictus indiscretis egere discursibus. referre caesa hominum milia non possem, etiam si bella numerarem.
for, this continuous war being drawn out through several generations, the Athenians, Lacedaemonians, Arcadians, Boeotians, Thebans, and at last Greece, Asia, Persia and Egypt with Libya and the islands carried on the greatest naval and land conflicts in indiscriminate raids. I could not report the thousands of men slain, even if I numbered the wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: Countless thousands died in these wars.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.11 (CSEL 5:145; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.12CSEL 5:145
At nunc increpet haec tempora atque illa conlaudet, quicumque nescit hosce omnes istarum urbium prouinciarumque populos ita nunc in solis ludis ac theatris consenescere, sicuti tunc in castris maxime proeliisque tabuisse.
But now let anyone rail at these times and praise those, who does not know that all these peoples of those cities and provinces now grow old in nothing but games and theatres, just as then they wasted away chiefly in camps and battles.
Notes and citation
Summary: Those peoples now grow old at games, not in war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.12 (CSEL 5:145; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.13CSEL 5:145
florentissima illa et totius tunc imperium Orientis adfectans Lacedaemoniorum ciuitas uix centum habere potuit senes; ita incessabilibus circumuenta malis inmaturas misere expendebat aetates:
That most flourishing city of the Lacedaemonians, then aspiring to the empire of the whole East, could scarcely have a hundred old men; so beset by unceasing evils, it wretchedly spent unripe lives:
Notes and citation
Summary: Sparta had barely a hundred old men.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): adfeotans → adfectans.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.13 (CSEL 5:145; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.2.14CSEL 5:145–146
et queruntur nunc homines, quorum refertae pueris et senibus ciuitates secura iuuenum peregrinatione ditantur pacificisque exercitiis stipendia domesticae uoluptatis adquirunt? nisi forte — ut adsolent humanae mutabilitati omnia sordere praesentia — nouitates rerum acta audituque prurientibus ipsa etiam uita fastidio est.
and do men complain now, whose cities, filled with boys and old men, grow rich by the safe travels of young men and earn by peaceful exercises the wages of domestic pleasure? Unless perhaps, as for human changeableness all present things are commonly worthless, to those itching for novelties in deed and hearing even life itself is a weariness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Today's peaceful prosperity is still complained of.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): secura. iuuenum → secura iuuenum; nonitates → nouitates.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.2.14 (CSEL 5:145–146; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-2-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 3
3.3.1CSEL 5:146
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCLXXVI saeuissimo terrae motu Achaia uniuersa concussa est et duae tunc ciuitates, id est Ebora et Helice, abruptis locorum hiatibus deuoratae.
In the 376th year from the founding of the City all Achaia was shaken by a most savage earthquake, and two cities then, that is, Ebora and Helice, were swallowed up by chasms that broke open in the ground.
Notes and citation
Summary: An earthquake swallowed two cities of Achaia.
- Ebora is Bura.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): saenissimo → saeuissimo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.3.1 (CSEL 5:146; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.3.2CSEL 5:146
At ego nunc e contrario poteram similia in diebus nostris apud Constantinopolim, aeque modo principem gentium, praedicta et facta sed non perfecta narrare, cum post terribilem denuntiationem conscientiamque mali sui praesciam subter commota funditus terra tremeret et desuper fusa caelitus flamma penderet, donec orationibus Arcadii principis et populi Christiani praesentem perditionem Deus exoratus auerteret,
But I could now, on the contrary, tell of similar things in our own days at Constantinople, now likewise the chief of the nations, foretold and begun but not completed: when, after a terrible warning and a conscience foreknowing its own evil, the earth trembled, shaken from its foundations beneath, and flame poured from heaven hung above, until God, entreated by the prayers of the emperor Arcadius and the Christian people, turned away the present destruction,
Notes and citation
Summary: At Constantinople a similar disaster was averted by prayer.
- Probably the earthquake and fiery sign at Constantinople of 396.
Topics: Prayer
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.3.2 (CSEL 5:146; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.3.3CSEL 5:146–147
probans se solum esse et conseruatorem humilium et punitorem malorum. sed haec ut commemorata sint magis quam explicita uerecundiae concesserim ut et qui scit recolat et qui nescit inquirat.
proving that he alone is both the preserver of the humble and the punisher of the wicked. But I would yield it to modesty that these things be mentioned rather than set out, so that whoever knows may recall them and whoever does not may inquire.
Luke 1:52 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: God preserves the humble and punishes the wicked.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.3.3 (CSEL 5:146–147; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.3.4CSEL 5:147
Interea Romani, qui per septuaginta annos ab urbe Vulseoram, praeterea Faliscorum Aequorum et Sutrinorum subacti et adtriti adsiduis bellis conficiebantur, tandem in supra scriptis diebus Camillo duce easdem cepere ciuitates et rediuiuo finem dedere certamini.
Meanwhile the Romans, who for seventy years had been worn out and crushed by constant wars with the city of the Volsci, and besides with the Falisci, the Aequi and the Sutrini, at last in the days written above, under Camillus as leader, took these same cities and put an end to the reviving contest.
Notes and citation
Summary: Camillus ended Rome's long wars with its neighbours.
- The name is garbled in the digital text (*Vulseoram*).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): septuainta → septuaginta.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.3.4 (CSEL 5:147; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.3.5CSEL 5:147
Praenestinos etiam eodem tempore, qui usque ad portam Romae bellando et caedendo peruenerant, ad flumen Haliam T. Quintio pugnante uicerunt.
At the same time too they defeated the Praenestines, who had come fighting and killing as far as the gate of Rome, at the river Allia, with Titus Quintius commanding.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome defeated Praeneste at the Allia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Praenestinoa → Praenestinos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.3.5 (CSEL 5:147; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-3-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 4
3.4.1CSEL 5:147
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCLXXXIIII L. Genucio et Q. Seruilio consulibus ingens uniuersam Romam pestilentia corripuit:
In the 384th year from the founding of the City, in the consulship of Lucius Genucius and Quintus Servilius, a great pestilence seized all Rome:
Notes and citation
Summary: A great plague struck Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Seruiilio → Seruilio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.4.1 (CSEL 5:147; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.4.2CSEL 5:147–148
non ut adsolet plus minusue solito temporum turbata temperies, hoc est aut intempestiua siccitas hiemis aut repentinus calor ueris aut incongruus umor aestatis uel autumni diuitis indigesta inlecebra, insuper etiam exspirata de Calabris saltibus aura corrumpens, repentinos acutarum infirmitatum adferre transcursus;
not, as is usual, a disturbance of the seasons' balance, more or less than normal (that is, either an untimely drought of winter, or a sudden heat of spring, or an unsuitable moisture of summer, or the undigested allurement of a rich autumn, and besides a corrupting breeze breathed out from the Calabrian forests), bringing sudden passing attacks of acute illnesses;
Notes and citation
Summary: It was not an ordinary seasonal sickness.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): ant intempestina → aut intempestiua.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.4.2 (CSEL 5:147–148; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.4.3CSEL 5:148
sed grauis diuturnaque in nullo dispar sexu, in nulla aetate dissimilis generali cunctos per biennium iugiter tabe confecit, ut etiam quos non egit in mortem, turpi macie exinanitos adflictosque dimiserit.
but grave and long-lasting, no different in either sex, not unlike in any age, it wasted all continuously for two years with a general consumption, so that even those it did not drive to death it left emptied and afflicted with a foul leanness.
Notes and citation
Summary: The plague lasted two years and spared no one.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.4.3 (CSEL 5:148; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.4.4CSEL 5:148
conquererentur hoc, ut arbitror, loco obtrectatores temporis Christiani, si forte silentio praeterierim, quibus tunc caerimoniis Romani placauerint deos et sedauerint morbos.
The detractors of Christian times would complain at this point, I think, if I passed over in silence with what ceremonies the Romans then appeased the gods and calmed the diseases.
Notes and citation
Summary: He will tell how Rome tried to appease the gods.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.4.4 (CSEL 5:148; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.4.5CSEL 5:148
cum pestilentia in dies crudesceret, auctores suasere pontifices, ut ludi scaenici diis expetentibus ederentur. ita pro depellenda temporali peste corporum arcessitus est perpetuus morbus animorum.
When the pestilence grew worse day by day, the pontiffs as advisers urged that stage plays be put on for the gods who demanded them. So, to drive away a temporary plague of the body, a perpetual disease of souls was summoned.
Notes and citation
Summary: Stage plays were introduced to appease the gods.
- Cf. Augustine, *City of God* 1.32.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.4.5 (CSEL 5:148; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.4.6CSEL 5:148–149
uber nunc quidem mihi iste doloris atque increpationis locus est, sed, in quo iam reuerentia tua studium sapientiae et ueritatis exercuit, mihi super eo audere fas non est, commonuisse me satis sit et ex qualibet intentione lectorem ad illius lectionis plenitudinem remisisse.
Here indeed there is rich room for grief and reproach; but on a matter in which Your Reverence has already exercised the zeal for wisdom and truth, it is not right for me to venture; let it be enough for me to have reminded, and to have referred the reader, whatever his purpose, to the fullness of that reading.
Notes and citation
Summary: He refers the reader to Augustine's treatment.
- Augustine, *City of God* 1.32–33; 2.8, 13.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.4.6 (CSEL 5:148–149; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-4-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 5
3.5.1CSEL 5:149
Sequitur hanc miseram luem miserioremque eius expiationem proximo anno satis triste prodigium. repente siquidem medio Vrbis terra dissiluit, uastoque praeruptu hiantia subito inferna patuerunt.
This wretched plague and its more wretched expiation were followed the next year by a sad enough portent. For suddenly in the middle of the City the earth burst apart, and through a vast chasm the gaping depths suddenly lay open.
Notes and citation
Summary: A chasm opened in the Forum.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Greek letters and stray mark in the digital text; digitization slip): Sequitur bano → Sequitur hanc; subitο·ιinferna → subito inferna.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.5.1 (CSEL 5:149; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-5-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.5.2CSEL 5:149
manebat diu ad spectaculum terroremque cunctorum patenti uoragine inpudens specus nefariamque uiui hominis sepulturam diis interpretibus expetebat.
The shameless cave remained a long time with its open abyss, a spectacle and terror to all, and, as the gods' interpreters said, demanded the wicked burial of a living man.
Notes and citation
Summary: The chasm was said to demand a living man.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.5.2 (CSEL 5:149; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-5-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.5.3CSEL 5:149
satisfecit inprobis faucibus praecipitio sui M. Curtius, uir eques armatus, iniecitque crudeli terrae inopinam satietatem, cui parum esset, quod ex tanta pestilentia mortuos per sepulchra susciperet, nisi etiam uiuos scissa sorberet.
Marcus Curtius, an armed knight, satisfied the wicked jaws by throwing himself in, and cast into the cruel earth an unexpected surfeit, for which it was too little that it received through tombs those dead of so great a pestilence, unless, split open, it also swallowed the living.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcus Curtius leapt into the chasm.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inopimam → inopinam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.5.3 (CSEL 5:149; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-5-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 6
3.6.1CSEL 5:149
Anno ab urbe condita CCCLXXXVIII iterum terribilis Gallorum inundatio iuxta Anienem fluuium ad quartum ab Vrbe lapidem consedit, facile sine dubio pondere multitudinis et alacritate uirtutis perturbatam occupatura ciuitatem, nisi otio et lentitudine torpuisset.
In the 388th year from the founding of the City, again a terrible flood of Gauls settled by the river Anio at the fourth milestone from the City; doubtless it would easily have seized the alarmed city by the weight of its numbers and the eagerness of its courage, had it not grown torpid with leisure and slowness.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gauls again threatened Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.6.1 (CSEL 5:149; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.6.2CSEL 5:149–150
ubi atrocissimam pugnam Manlius Torquatus singulariter inchoauit, T. Quintius dictator cruentissima congressione confecit. fugati ex hoc proelio plurimi Galli, instauratis iterum copiis in bellum ruentes a C. Sulpicio dictatore superati sunt.
There Manlius Torquatus began a most fierce battle in single combat, and Titus Quintius the dictator finished it in a most bloody engagement. Very many Gauls, put to flight in this battle, renewed their forces, rushed again into war, and were overcome by the dictator Gaius Sulpicius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Manlius Torquatus and the dictators defeated the Gauls.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.6.2 (CSEL 5:149–150; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.6.3CSEL 5:150
post paululum quoque Tuscorum pugna sub C. Marcio consecuta est: ubi conici datur quantum hominum caesum sit, quando octo milia sunt capta Tuscorum.
A little later a battle with the Etruscans followed under Gaius Marcius: in which one may infer how many men were killed, since eight thousand Etruscans were captured.
Notes and citation
Summary: A battle with the Etruscans.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): quantum. hominum → quantum hominum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.6.3 (CSEL 5:150; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.6.4CSEL 5:150
Tertio autem in isdem diebus Galli se in praedam per maritima loca subiectosque campos ab Albanis montibus diffuderunt; aduersum quos, nouo militum dilectu habito conscriptisque legionibus decem, LX milia Romanorum, negatis sibi Latinorum auxiliis, processerunt.
A third time in the same days the Gauls spread out for plunder through the coastal regions and the plains below the Alban mountains; against them, a new levy of soldiers having been held and ten legions enrolled, sixty thousand Romans went out, the help of the Latins being refused them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome raised ten legions against the Gauls.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Tertio antem → Tertio autem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.6.4 (CSEL 5:150; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.6.5CSEL 5:150
confecit hanc pugnam M. Valerius, auxiliante coruo alite, unde postea Coruinus est dictus. occiso enim prouocatore Gallo, hostes territi sparsimque fugientes grauiter trucidati sunt.
Marcus Valerius finished this battle, helped by a raven, from which he was afterwards called Corvinus. For when the Gallic challenger had been killed, the enemy, terrified and fleeing in scattered groups, were heavily slaughtered.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valerius Corvinus defeated the Gauls with a raven's help.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.6.5 (CSEL 5:150; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-6-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 7
3.7.1CSEL 5:150–151
Numerandum etiam inter mala censeo primum illud ictum cum Carthaginiensibus foedus, quod isdem temporibus fuit; praesertim ex quo tam grauia orta sunt mala, ut exim coepisse uideantur.
I think that the first treaty struck with the Carthaginians, which was at the same time, should also be counted among the evils; especially since such grievous evils arose from it that they seem to have begun from then.
Notes and citation
Summary: The first treaty with Carthage began great evils.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.7.1 (CSEL 5:150–151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.7.2CSEL 5:151
anno siquidem ab Vrbe condita CCCCII legati a Carthagine Romam missi sunt foedusque pepigerant.
For in the 402nd year from the founding of the City envoys were sent from Carthage to Rome and made a treaty.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage made a treaty with Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): foednsque → foedusque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.7.2 (CSEL 5:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.7.3CSEL 5:151
quem ingressum Carthaginiensium in Italiam malorum grandinem secuturam continuarumque miseriarum tenebras iuges historiarum fides locorumque infamia et abominatio dierum, quibus ea gesta sunt, protestantur.
That a hailstorm of evils and continual darkness of continuous miseries would follow this entry of the Carthaginians into Italy, the trustworthiness of histories, the infamy of places, and the abomination of the days on which those things were done all bear witness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage's entry into Italy brought endless misery.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray letter): secuturam x continuarumque → secuturam continuarumque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.7.3 (CSEL 5:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.7.4CSEL 5:151
Tunc etiam nox usque ad plurimam diei partem tendi uisa est et saxea de nubibus grando descendens ueris terram lapidibus uerberauit.
Then too night was seen to stretch into the greater part of the day, and a hail of stone coming down from the clouds beat the earth with real stones.
Notes and citation
Summary: Portents of darkness and stone-hail.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Tanc etiam → Tunc etiam; uisa eat → uisa est.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.7.4 (CSEL 5:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.7.5CSEL 5:151
Quibus diebus etiam Alexander Magnus, uere ille gurges miseriarum atque atrocissimus turbo totius Orientis, est natus.
In those days too Alexander the Great was born, truly a whirlpool of miseries and the most atrocious whirlwind of the whole East.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander the Great was born.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.7.5 (CSEL 5:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.7.6CSEL 5:151
Tunc etiam Ochus, qui et Artaxerxes, post transactum in Aegypto maximum diuturnumque bellum plurimos Iudaeorum in transmigrationem egit atque in Hyrcania ad Caspium mare habitare praecepit:
Then too Ochus, also called Artaxerxes, after finishing a very great and long war in Egypt, drove very many of the Jews into deportation and commanded them to live in Hyrcania by the Caspian Sea:
Notes and citation
Summary: Artaxerxes Ochus deported Jews to Hyrcania.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): maximum. diuturnumque → maximum diuturnumque.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.7.6 (CSEL 5:151; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.7.7CSEL 5:151–152
quos ibi usque in hodiernum diem amplissimis generis sui incrementis consistere atque exim quandoque erupturos opinio est.
the opinion is that they remain there to this day with very great increase of their race and will some day break out from there.
Notes and citation
Summary: They are said to remain there and may yet break out.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inorementis → incrementis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.7.7 (CSEL 5:151–152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.7.8CSEL 5:152
cuius etiam belli tempestate transcurrens et Sidonam opulentissimam Phoenicis prouinciae urbem deleuit et Aegyptum, quamuis prius uictus, tunc tamen subactam comminutamque ferro Persarum subiecit imperio.
In the storm of that war, passing through, he also destroyed Sidon, the richest city of the province of Phoenicia, and Egypt, although he had earlier been defeated, he then subjected to the empire of the Persians, subdued and crushed by the sword.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ochus destroyed Sidon and subdued Egypt.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): transourrens → transcurrens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.7.8 (CSEL 5:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-7-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 8
3.8.1CSEL 5:152
Iam hinc statim a Romanis aduersum Samnitas, gentem opibus armisque ualidam, pro Campanis et Sedicinis bella suscepta sunt; Samniticum bellum ancipiti statu gestum Pyrrhus uel maximus Romani nominis hostis excepit; Pyrrhi bellum mox Punicum consecutum est:
From here at once wars were undertaken by the Romans against the Samnites, a people strong in wealth and arms, on behalf of the Campanians and Sidicini; the Samnite war, waged in an uncertain state, was taken over by Pyrrhus, perhaps the greatest enemy of the Roman name; the war with Pyrrhus was soon followed by the Punic war:
Notes and citation
Summary: The Samnite, Pyrrhic, and Punic wars followed one another.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Samniticum. bellum → Samniticum bellum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.8.1 (CSEL 5:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.8.2CSEL 5:152
et quamuis numquam post mortem Numae a bellorum cladibus fuisse cessatum patentes semper Iani portae indicent, ex eo tamen ueluti per meridiem toto inpressus caelo malorum feruor incanduit.
and although the gates of Janus, always open, show that there was never a respite from the disasters of wars after the death of Numa, yet from that time, as though at midday, a heat of evils pressed on the whole sky blazed up.
Notes and citation
Summary: From then on evils blazed like the noonday sun.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uefuti → ueluti.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.8.2 (CSEL 5:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.8.3CSEL 5:152
porro autem, inchoato semel bello Punico utrum aliquando bella caedes ruinae atque omnia infandarum mortium genera nisi Caesare Augusto imperante cessauerint, inquirat inueniat prodat quisquis infamanda Christiana tempora putat.
Moreover, once the Punic war had begun, whether wars, slaughter, ruins and all kinds of unspeakable deaths ever ceased except under the rule of Caesar Augustus, let whoever thinks the Christian times are to be defamed inquire, find out and declare.
Notes and citation
Summary: War never ceased until Augustus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.8.3 (CSEL 5:152; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.8.4CSEL 5:152–153
absque illo tamen inter bella Punica unius anni ueluti auis praeteruolantis excursu Romani propter clausas Iani portas inter febres morbosque reipublicae, ad hoc breuissimo pacis signo uelut tenuissimo aquae gelidae haustu inlecti sunt, ut in peius recalescentes multo grauius uehementiusque adflictarentur.
Apart from that, however, amid the Punic wars, in the passing of one single year, as of a bird flying by, because of the closing of the gates of Janus amid the fevers and diseases of the commonwealth, the Romans were so enticed by this briefest sign of peace, as by the slightest draught of cold water, that, growing hot again for the worse, they were afflicted much more gravely and violently.
Notes and citation
Summary: A single year of peace only made things worse.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ueluti anis → ueluti auis; brenissimo → breuissimo; in peins → in peius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.8.4 (CSEL 5:152–153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.8.5CSEL 5:153
At uero, si indubitatissime constat sub Augusto primum Caesare post Parthicam pacem uniuersum terrarum orbem positis armis abolitisque discordiis generali pace et noua quiete conpositum Romanis paruisse legibus, Romana iura quam propria arma maluisse spretisque ducibus suis iudices elegisse Romanos,
But if it is beyond all doubt established that under Caesar Augustus, for the first time, after the peace with Parthia, the whole world, arms laid down and discords abolished, settled in a general peace and a new quiet, obeyed the laws of the Romans, preferred Roman law to its own arms, and, scorning its own leaders, chose Roman judges;
Notes and citation
Summary: Under Augustus the whole world for the first time lived in peace under Roman law.
Topics: Rulers and the state
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.8.5 (CSEL 5:153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.8.6CSEL 5:153
postremo omnibus gentibus, cunctis prouinciis, innumeris ciuitatibus, infinitis populis, totis terris unam fuisse uoluntatem libero honestoque studio inseruire paci atque in commune consulere — quod prius ne una quidem ciuitas unusue populus ciuium uel, quod maius est, una domus fratrum iugiter habere potuisset —;
and finally that all nations, all provinces, countless cities, innumerable peoples, the whole earth had one will, to serve peace with free and honourable zeal and to take counsel for the common good (which before not even one city or one people of citizens, or, what is more, one household of brothers could have maintained continuously);
Notes and citation
Summary: All the world then shared one will for peace.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (punctuation slip): ciuium uel; quod → ciuium uel, quod.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.8.6 (CSEL 5:153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.8.7CSEL 5:153
quodsi etiam, cum imperante Caesare ista prouenerint, in ipso imperio Caesaris inluxisse ortum in hoc mundo Domini nostri Iesu Christi liquidissima probatione manifestum est:
and if, since these things came about under the rule of Caesar, it is also manifest by the clearest proof that in the very reign of Caesar the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ shone forth in this world:
Luke 2:1 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ was born in the reign of Augustus.
- Luke 2:1.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inlnxisse → inluxisse.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.8.7 (CSEL 5:153; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.8.8CSEL 5:153–154
inuiti licet illi, quos in blasphemiam urguebat inuidia, cognoscere faterique cogentur, pacem istam totius mundi et tranquillissimam serenitatem non magnitudine Caesaris sed potestate filii Dei, qui in diebus Caesaris apparuit, exstitisse nec unius urbis imperatori sed creatori orbis uniuersi orbem ipsum generali cognitione paruisse, qui, sicut sol oriens diem luce perfundit, ita adueniens misericorditer extenta mundum pace uestierit. quod plenius, cum ad id ipso perficiente Domino uentum fuerit, proferetur.
then those whom envy drove to blasphemy will be forced, though unwilling, to recognize and confess that this peace of the whole world and its most tranquil calm came about not by the greatness of Caesar but by the power of the Son of God, who appeared in the days of Caesar, and that the world itself obeyed, in a general knowledge, not the emperor of one city but the creator of the whole world, who, as the rising sun floods the day with light, so at his coming mercifully clothed the world with an extended peace. This will be set out more fully when, the Lord himself bringing it about, we come to that point.
Luke 1:78 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The peace of Augustus came from the power of the Son of God.
- 'Rising sun' recalls Mal 4:2 and Luke 1:78.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inniti licet → inuiti licet.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.8.8 (CSEL 5:153–154; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-8-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 9
3.9.1CSEL 5:154
Igitur anno ab urbe condita CCCCVIIII Romani bellum Latinis rebellantibus intulerunt Manlio Torquato et Decio Mure consulibus. in quo bello unus consul interfectus est, alter exstitit parricida.
So in the 409th year from the founding of the City the Romans made war on the rebelling Latins, in the consulship of Manlius Torquatus and Decius Mus. In that war one consul was killed, the other became the killer of his son.
Notes and citation
Summary: In the Latin war one consul died, the other killed his son.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.9.1 (CSEL 5:154; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.9.2CSEL 5:154
Manlius enim Torquatus filium suum, iuuenem, uictorem, interfectoremque Metii Tusculani, nobilis equitis et tum praecipue prouocantis atque insultantis hostis, occidit.
For Manlius Torquatus killed his son, a young man, a victor, the slayer of Metius of Tusculum, a noble knight and an enemy who was then especially challenging and insulting.
Notes and citation
Summary: Manlius executed his victorious son.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.9.2 (CSEL 5:154; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.9.3CSEL 5:154
alius uero consul cum iterato conflictu illud cornu, cui praeerat, caedi atque adfligi uideret, in confertissimos hostes sponte prolapsus occubuit.
But the other consul, when in a renewed engagement he saw the wing he commanded being cut down and crushed, threw himself of his own accord among the densest enemies and fell.
Notes and citation
Summary: Decius devoted himself to death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): consul oum iterato → consul cum iterato.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.9.3 (CSEL 5:154; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.9.4CSEL 5:154–155
Manlius quamuis uictor occursum tamen nobilium iuuenum Romanorum, qui legitime exhiberi solet, triumphans parricida non meruit.
Manlius, although victor, did not deserve, as a triumphing slayer of his son, the procession of the noble Roman youths which is customarily shown.
Notes and citation
Summary: Manlius was denied the customary honour.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.9.4 (CSEL 5:154–155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.9.5CSEL 5:155
Anno autem post hunc subsequente Minucia uirgo Vestalis ob admissum incestum damnata est uiuaque obruta in campo, qui nunc sceleratus uocatur.
In the year following this, Minucia, a Vestal Virgin, was condemned for incest committed and buried alive in the field which is now called the Accursed.
Notes and citation
Summary: A Vestal was buried alive.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.9.5 (CSEL 5:155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-9-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 10
3.10.1CSEL 5:155
At uero paruo enim tempore interiecto horresco referre quod gestum est. nam Claudio Marcello et Valerio Flacco consulibus incredibili rabie et amore scelerum Romanae matronae exarserunt.
But after a short interval of time I shudder to report what was done. For in the consulship of Claudius Marcellus and Valerius Flaccus Roman matrons burned with an incredible madness and love of crimes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Roman matrons committed a strange crime.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): eiim → enim; horresoo → horresco.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.10.1 (CSEL 5:155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-10-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-10-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.10.2CSEL 5:155
erat utique foedus ille ac pestilens annus infictaeque iam undique cateruatim strages egerebantur et adhuc tamen penes omnes de corrupto aere simplex credulitas erat, cum, exsistente quadam ancilla indice et conuincente, primum multae matronae ut biberent quae coxerant uenena compulsae, deinde, simul atque hausere, consumptae sunt.
That was indeed a foul and pestilent year; the dead were already being carried out in crowds everywhere, and yet all simply believed it came from corrupted air, when, a certain slave girl coming forward as informer and proving it, first many matrons were compelled to drink the poisons they had brewed, and then, as soon as they drank, they were consumed.
Notes and citation
Summary: The deaths were found to be poisonings by matrons.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.10.2 (CSEL 5:155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-10-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-10-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.10.3CSEL 5:155
tanta autem multitudo fuit matronarum in his facinoribus consciarum, ut trecentae septuaginta damnatae ex illis simul fuisse referantur.
So great was the multitude of matrons privy to these crimes that three hundred and seventy of them are reported to have been condemned at once.
Notes and citation
Summary: Three hundred and seventy were condemned.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.10.3 (CSEL 5:155; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-10-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-10-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 11
3.11.1CSEL 5:155–156
Anno ab Vrbe condita CCCCXXII Alexander rex Epirotarum, Alexandri illius Magni auunculus, traiectis in Italiam copiis cum bellum aduersus Romanos pararet et circa finitimas Romae urbes firmare uires exercitus sui auxiliaque uel sibi adquirere uel hostibus subtrahere studens bellis exerceretur, a Samnitibus, qui Lucanae genti suffragabantur, maximo bello in Lucania uictus atque occisus est.
In the 422nd year from the founding of the City, Alexander, king of the Epirotes, uncle of that Alexander the Great, having brought his forces over into Italy, while he was preparing war against the Romans and was engaged in wars around the cities neighbouring Rome, eager to strengthen the forces of his army and either gain allies for himself or withdraw them from the enemy, was defeated and killed in a very great war in Lucania by the Samnites, who were supporting the Lucanian people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander of Epirus was killed in Lucania.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): circa. finitimas → circa finitimas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.11.1 (CSEL 5:155–156; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-11-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-11-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.11.2CSEL 5:156
Sed, quoniam aliquantum Romanas clades recensendo progressus sum, uel Alexandri istius mentione commonitus, de Philippo Macedonum rege, qui Olympiadem huius Alexandri Epirotae sororem uxorem habuit, ex qua Alexandrum Magnum genuit, paucissimis annis retro repetitis magna paruis in quantum potero colligam.
But since I have advanced somewhat in reviewing Roman disasters, reminded also by the mention of this Alexander, I shall gather, as far as I can, great things into small compass concerning Philip, king of the Macedonians, who had as wife Olympias, sister of this Alexander of Epirus, and by her begot Alexander the Great, going back a very few years.
Notes and citation
Summary: He turns to Philip of Macedon.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.11.2 (CSEL 5:156; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-11-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-11-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 12
3.12.1CSEL 5:156–157
Anno ab urbe condita cccc Philippus Amyntae filius Alexandri pater regnum Macedonum adeptus, xxv annis tenuit, quibus hos omnes acerbitatum aceruos cunctasque malorum moles struxit.
In the 400th year from the founding of the City, Philip, son of Amyntas and father of Alexander, obtained the kingdom of the Macedonians and held it twenty-five years, in which he piled up all these heaps of bitterness and all these masses of evils.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip reigned twenty-five years.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.1 (CSEL 5:156–157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.2CSEL 5:157
hic primum ab Alexandro fratre obses Thebanis datus, per triennium apud Epaminondam strenuissimum imperatorem et summum philosophum eruditus est.
He was first given by his brother Alexander as a hostage to the Thebans and was educated for three years in the house of Epaminondas, a most vigorous general and a great philosopher.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip was educated at Thebes under Epaminondas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.2 (CSEL 5:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.3CSEL 5:157
ipso autem Alexandro scelere Eurydices matris occiso, quamuis ea iam commisso adulterio et altero primum filio interfecto filiaque uiduata generi nuptias mariti morte pepigisset, conpulsus a populo regnum, quod paruo occisi fratris filio tuebatur, suscepit.
When Alexander himself had been killed by the crime of their mother Eurydice (although she, having already committed adultery and first killed another son and widowed her daughter, had promised marriage to her son-in-law upon her husband's death), he was compelled by the people to take up the kingdom, which he was guarding for the little son of his slain brother.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip took the throne after his mother's crimes.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): Eurydioes matris ocoiso → Eurydices matris occiso.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.3 (CSEL 5:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.4CSEL 5:157
qui cum foris concursu exsurgentium undique hostium, domi autem deprehensarum saepe insidiarum metu fatigaretur, primum bellum cum Atheniensibus gessit.
Wearied abroad by the onset of enemies rising up on every side and at home by fear of plots often detected, he first waged war with the Athenians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip first fought Athens.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nndique → undique.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.4 (CSEL 5:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.5CSEL 5:157
quibus uictis arma ad Illyrios transtulit multisque milibus hostium trucidatis Larissam urbem nobilissimam cepit.
Having defeated them, he turned his arms against the Illyrians and, slaughtering many thousands of the enemy, took Larissa, a most noble city.
Notes and citation
Summary: He defeated the Illyrians and took Larissa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.5 (CSEL 5:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.6CSEL 5:157
inde Thessaliam non magis amore uictoriae quam ambitione habendorum equitum Thessalorum, quorum robur ut exercitui suo admisceret, inuasit.
From there he invaded Thessaly, not so much from love of victory as from ambition to have the Thessalian cavalry, whose strength he might mix into his army.
Notes and citation
Summary: He invaded Thessaly for its cavalry.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.6 (CSEL 5:157; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.7CSEL 5:157–158
ita Thessalis ex inprouiso praeoccupatis atque in potestatem redactis, iungendo equitum peditumque fortissimas turmas et copias inuictissimum fecit exercitum.
So, the Thessalians being seized unexpectedly and brought under his power, by joining the strongest squadrons and forces of horse and foot he made a most invincible army.
Notes and citation
Summary: He built an invincible army.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.7 (CSEL 5:157–158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.8CSEL 5:158
igitur uictis Atheniensibus subiectisque Thessalis Olympiadem, Arabae regis Molossorum sororem duxit uxorem. qui Aruba cum per hoc, quod societatem Macedonum adfinitate regis paciscebatur, imperium suum se dilataturum putaret, per hoc deceptus amisit priuatusque in exilio consenuit.
So, the Athenians defeated and the Thessalians subdued, he married Olympias, sister of Arybas, king of the Molossians. Arybas, thinking that by this, since he was contracting an alliance with the Macedonians by kinship with the king, he would enlarge his own empire, was deceived by this very thing, lost it, and grew old as a private man in exile.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip married Olympias and dispossessed her brother.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): imparium → imperium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.8 (CSEL 5:158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.9CSEL 5:158
deinde Philippus, cum Mothonam urbem oppugnaret, ictu sagittae oculum perdidit. ipsam uero urbem mox expugnauit et cepit.
Then Philip, while besieging the city of Methone, lost an eye from the stroke of an arrow. But he soon stormed and took the city itself.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip lost an eye at Methone.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray comma): et cepit., → et cepit..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.9 (CSEL 5:158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.10CSEL 5:158
Exim Graeciam prope totam consiliis praeuentam uiribus domuit. quippe Graeciae ciuitates dum imperare singulae cupiunt, imperium omnes perdiderunt et dum in mutuum exitium sine modo ruunt, omnibus perire quod singulae amitterent oppressae demum seruientesque senserunt.
Thereafter he subdued by force almost all Greece, first outwitted by his counsels. For the cities of Greece, while each desired to rule, all lost their rule, and while they rushed without measure to mutual destruction, they realized only when crushed and enslaved that what each lost was perishing for all.
Notes and citation
Summary: Greece's divisions let Philip conquer it.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): Graeoiam → Graeciam; mutuum. exitium → mutuum exitium; siagulae → singulae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.10 (CSEL 5:158; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.11CSEL 5:158–159
quarum dum insanas conuersationes Philippus ueluti e specula obseruat auxiliumque semper inferioribus suggerendo contentiones, bellorum fomites, callidus doli artifex fouet, uictos sibi pariter uictoresque subiecit.
While Philip watched their mad dealings as from a watchtower, and, always suggesting help to the weaker side, cunning craftsman of deceit, fostered contentions, the kindling of wars, he subjected to himself conquered and conquerors alike.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip played the Greek cities off against each other.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): obserua auxiliumque → obseruat auxiliumque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.11 (CSEL 5:158–159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.12CSEL 5:159
huic autem ad obtinendam totius Graeciae dominationem immoderata Thebanorum dominatio facultatem dedit, qui uictos Lacedaemonios ac Phocenses, caedibus etiam rapinisque confectos, cum insuper in communi Graeciae concilio tanta pecuniae multa onerauissent, quantam illi soluere nullo modo possent, ad arma confugere coegerunt.
The immoderate domination of the Thebans gave him the opportunity to gain the domination of all Greece: when they had defeated the Lacedaemonians and the Phocians, worn out also by slaughter and plunder, and had moreover burdened them in the common council of Greece with so great a fine of money as they could in no way pay, they forced them to take refuge in arms.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thebes's harshness drove Sparta and Phocis to war.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): immoderata. Thebanorum → immoderata Thebanorum; qui uiotos → qui uictos; nulle modo → nullo modo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.12 (CSEL 5:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.13CSEL 5:159
itaque Phocenses Philomelo duce et auxiliis Lacedaemoniorum Atheniensiumque fulti commissa pugna fugatisque hostibus Thebanorum castra ceperunt. sequenti proelio inter inmensas utriusque populi strages Philomelus occisus est; in cuius locum Phocenses Oenomaum ducem creauerunt.
So the Phocians, with Philomelus as leader and supported by the help of the Lacedaemonians and Athenians, joined battle, routed the enemy and took the camp of the Thebans. In the next battle, amid immense slaughter of both peoples, Philomelus was killed; in his place the Phocians made Onomarchus general.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Phocian war: Philomelus fell.
- The digital text names him *Oenomaus*; he is Onomarchus in other sources.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): oeperunt → ceperunt; in ouius locum → in cuius locum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.13 (CSEL 5:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.14CSEL 5:159
Porro autem Thebani et Thessali omisso dilectu ciuium Philippum Macedoniae regem, quem hostem prius repellere laborabant, ultro sibi ducem expetiuerunt. commisso proelio et Phocensibus paene ad internecionem caesis uictoria ad Philippum concessit.
But the Thebans and Thessalians, giving up a levy of their own citizens, of their own accord sought as their leader Philip, king of Macedonia, whom earlier they had laboured to repel as an enemy. Battle was joined, the Phocians were cut down almost to extermination, and victory went to Philip.
Notes and citation
Summary: Thebes and Thessaly called in Philip, who crushed the Phocians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.14 (CSEL 5:159; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.15CSEL 5:159–160
sed Athenienses audito belli euentu, ne Philippus transiret in Graeciam, angustias Thermopylarum pari ratione sicut aduentantibus antea Persis occupauere.
But the Athenians, on hearing the outcome of the war, to keep Philip from crossing into Greece, seized the narrows of Thermopylae in the same way as they had earlier when the Persians approached.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens held Thermopylae against Philip.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.15 (CSEL 5:159–160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.16CSEL 5:160
Igitur Philippus ubi exclusum se ab ingressu Graeciae praestructis Thermopylis uidet, paratum in hostes bellum uertit in socios: nam ciuitates, quarum paulo ante dux fuerat, ad gratulandum ac suscipiendum patentes hostiliter inuadit, crudeliter
So Philip, when he saw himself shut out from entering Greece by the blocking of Thermopylae, turned the war prepared against the enemy upon his allies: for the cities whose leader he had been a little before, which lay open to congratulate and receive him, he attacked as an enemy, cruelly
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip turned on his own allies.
- The sentence continues in 3.12.17.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (hyphenation and stray mark): gratu- * landum → gratulandum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.16 (CSEL 5:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.17CSEL 5:160
diripit, omnique societatis conscientia penitus abolita coniuges liberosque omnium sub corona uendidit, templa quoque uniuersa subuertit spoliauitque, nec tamen umquam per xxv annos quasi iratis dis uictus est.
plundered them, and, every sense of alliance utterly abolished, sold the wives and children of all at auction; he also overthrew and despoiled all the temples; and yet in twenty-five years he was never defeated, as though the gods were angry.
Notes and citation
Summary: He sacked their cities and temples, yet was never defeated.
- Ironical: the gods whose temples he despoiled never punished him.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.17 (CSEL 5:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.18CSEL 5:160
post haec in Cappadociam transiit ibique bellum pari perfidia gessit, captos per dolum finitimos reges interfecit totamque Cappadociam imperio Macedoniae subdidit.
After this he crossed into Cappadocia and there waged war with equal treachery; he killed neighbouring kings captured by deceit and subjected all Cappadocia to the empire of Macedonia.
Notes and citation
Summary: He conquered Cappadocia by treachery.
- 'Cappadocia' is probably a slip for Chalcidice or Thrace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.18 (CSEL 5:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.19CSEL 5:160
inde post caedes incendia depraedationesque in sociis urbibus gestas parricidia in fratres conuertit, quos patri ex nouerca genitos cum coheredes regni uereretur, interficere adgressus est.
Then, after the slaughter, burnings and plundering carried out in allied cities, he turned to the murder of his brothers, whom, born to his father of a stepmother, he feared as co-heirs of the kingdom, and set about killing them.
Notes and citation
Summary: He set about killing his half-brothers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.19 (CSEL 5:160; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.20CSEL 5:160–161
cum autem unum ex his occidisset, duo in Olynthum confugerunt: quam mox Philippus hostiliter adgressus urbem antiquissimam et florentissimam, caedibus ac sanguine repletam opibus hominibusque uacuauit, abstractos etiam fratres supplicio et neci dedit.
When he had killed one of them, two fled to Olynthus: Philip soon attacked it as an enemy, filled that most ancient and flourishing city with slaughter and blood, emptied it of wealth and men, and gave the brothers, dragged out, to punishment and death.
Notes and citation
Summary: He destroyed Olynthus and killed his brothers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.20 (CSEL 5:160–161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.21CSEL 5:161
dein cum, excidio socieram et parricidio fratrum elatus, licere sibi omnia quae cogitauisset putaret, auraria loca in Thessalia et argenti metalla in Thracia inuasit ac, ne quod ius uel fas inuiolatum praetermitteret, praeoccupato mari et classe dispersa piraticam quoque exercere instituit.
Then, elated by the destruction of his allies and the murder of his brothers, thinking everything he had thought of allowed to him, he seized the gold-bearing places in Thessaly and the silver mines in Thrace, and, so as to leave no right or law unviolated, having seized the sea and scattered his fleet, he began also to practise piracy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip seized mines and took to piracy.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): piraticam. quoque → piraticam quoque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.21 (CSEL 5:161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.22CSEL 5:161
praeterea, cum eum fratres duo Thraciae reges de regni terminis ambigentes iudicem ex consensu praeoptauissent, Philippus more ingenii sui ad iudicium tamquam ad bellum cum instructo exercitu ingressus inscios iuuenes uita regnoque priuauit
Moreover, when two brothers, kings of Thrace, disputing about the boundaries of their kingdom, had by consent chosen him as judge, Philip, after the manner of his character, came to the judgment as if to a war, with an army drawn up, and deprived the unsuspecting young men of life and kingdom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Asked to arbitrate, Philip killed two Thracian kings.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ad indicium → ad iudicium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.22 (CSEL 5:161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.23CSEL 5:161
Athenienses uero, qui prius Philippi ingressum Thermopylarum munitione reppulerant, ultro pacem eius expetentes fraudulentissimum hostem de neglecta introitus custodia commonuerunt.
But the Athenians, who had earlier repelled Philip's entry by fortifying Thermopylae, now of their own accord seeking peace with him, warned that most fraudulent enemy that the guard of the entrance had been neglected.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athens sought peace and left Thermopylae open.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): paoem → pacem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.23 (CSEL 5:161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.24CSEL 5:161
ceterae etiam Graeciae ciuitates ut intentius ciuilibus bellis uacarent, sub specie pacis et foederis sponte se externae dominationi subiecerunt,
The other cities of Greece too, so as to be more intently free for civil wars, under the appearance of peace and treaty submitted of their own accord to foreign domination,
Notes and citation
Summary: The Greek cities submitted to him.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.24 (CSEL 5:161; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.25CSEL 5:161–162
maxime cum Thessali Boeotiique poscerent Philippum, ut professum se aduersum Phocenses ducem exhiberet susceptumque bellum gereret, contra Phocenses adhibitis secum Atheniensibus et Lacedaemoniis uel differri bellum uel auferri et pretio et precibus laborarent.
especially since the Thessalians and Boeotians were demanding of Philip that he show himself the declared leader against the Phocians and wage the war he had undertaken, while the Phocians, joining the Athenians and Lacedaemonians with them, laboured both with money and prayers to have the war either postponed or removed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Both sides courted Philip.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.25 (CSEL 5:161–162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.26CSEL 5:162
Philippus tacite utrisque diuersa promisit, Phocensibus pacem et ueniam se daturum sacramento confirmans, Thessalis uero adfuturum se mox cum exercitu spondet, bellum tamen ab utrisque parari uetat.
Philip secretly promised different things to both: to the Phocians he confirmed by oath that he would give peace and pardon, to the Thessalians he pledged that he would soon be present with an army; yet he forbade both to prepare for war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip promised both sides different things.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.26 (CSEL 5:162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.27CSEL 5:162
igitur Philippus instructis copiis angustias Thermopylarum securus ingreditur easque occupatas dispositis praesidiis emunit.
So Philip, his forces drawn up, entered the narrows of Thermopylae without fear and, having occupied them, fortified them with garrisons placed.
Notes and citation
Summary: He occupied Thermopylae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.27 (CSEL 5:162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.28CSEL 5:162
tunc primum se non Phocenses soli, sed omnis Graecia captam esse persensit: siquidem primos Phocenses Philippus rupta fide calcatoque sacramento infandae dilacerationi dedit, inde omnium urbes finesque populatus cruenta praesentia effecit, ut etiam absens timeretur.
Then for the first time not the Phocians alone but all Greece felt itself captured: for first Philip, breaking faith and trampling his oath, gave the Phocians to unspeakable tearing apart, then, ravaging the cities and territories of all, by his bloody presence brought it about that he was feared even when absent.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip betrayed the Phocians and terrorized Greece.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray hyphen): Phooenses → Phocenses; captam-esse → captam esse.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.28 (CSEL 5:162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.29CSEL 5:162
ubi uero in regnum redit, more pastorum, qui pecora sua nunc per aestiuos nunc per hibernos saltus circumducunt, populos et urbes, ut illi replenda uel relinquenda quaeque loca uidebantur, ad libidinem suam transfert.
When he returned to his kingdom, after the manner of shepherds who lead their flocks now through summer pastures, now through winter ones, he transferred peoples and cities at his pleasure, as each place seemed to him to need filling or emptying.
Notes and citation
Summary: He moved peoples about like flocks.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.29 (CSEL 5:162; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.30CSEL 5:162–163
miseranda ubique facies et atrocissimum miseriarum genus obuersabatur, perpeti cidium sine inruptione, sine bello captiuitatem, sine crimine exilium, sine uictore dominatum.
Everywhere a pitiable sight and a most atrocious kind of misery met the eye: to suffer ruin without an invasion, captivity without war, exile without crime, domination without a victor.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ruin, captivity, and exile without war.
- The digital text reads *perpeti cidium*, apparently a corruption of a word for 'ruin' (*excidium*).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.30 (CSEL 5:162–163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-30
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.31CSEL 5:163
premit miseros inter iniuriarum stimulos superfusus pauor ipsaque dissimulatione dolor crescit hoc altius demissus quo minus profiteri licet timentium, ne ipsae quoque lacrimae pro contumacia accipiantur.
Amid the goads of injuries an overwhelming fear pressed the wretched, and grief itself grew by its very concealment, sunk the deeper the less it was permitted to declare it, as they feared that even their tears might be taken for defiance.
Notes and citation
Summary: People could not even weep openly.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.31 (CSEL 5:163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-31). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-31
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.32CSEL 5:163
alios populos, auulsos a sedibus suis, finibus hostium apponit; alios in extremis regni terminis statuit; quosdam aemulatione uirium, ne possint quod posse creduntur, in supplemento exhaustarum urbium diuidit.
Some peoples, torn from their seats, he set against the borders of enemies; others he placed at the farthest limits of the kingdom; some, from jealousy of their strength, lest they be able to do what they were believed able to do, he divided up to fill out depleted cities.
Notes and citation
Summary: He scattered whole peoples.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): anulsos → auulsos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.32 (CSEL 5:163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-32). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-32
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.12.33CSEL 5:163
ita gloriosissimum illud quondam florentis Graeciae corpus in multas laceratasque particulas exstincta primum libertate concidit.
So that once most glorious body of flourishing Greece, its liberty first extinguished, fell into many torn little pieces.
Notes and citation
Summary: Greece was torn to pieces.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): laoeratasque → laceratasque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.12.33 (CSEL 5:163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-33). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-12-33
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 3, chapter 13
3.13.1CSEL 5:163
Sed haec cum per aliquantas Graeciae ciuitates exercuisset et tamen omnes metu premeret, coniciens ex praeda paucorum opes omnium, ad perficiendam aequalem in uniuersis uastationem utili emolumento necessariam maritimam urbem ratus, Byzantium, nobilem ciuitatem, aptissimam iudicauit, ut receptaculum sibi terra marique fieret, eamque obsistentem ilico obsidione cinxit.
But when he had done these things throughout a number of the cities of Greece and still held all down by fear, inferring from the plunder of a few the wealth of all, and thinking a maritime city necessary as a useful source of profit for completing an equal devastation in all, he judged Byzantium, a noble city, most suitable, so that it might become his base by land and sea; and when it resisted he at once surrounded it with a siege.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip besieged Byzantium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.1 (CSEL 5:163; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.2CSEL 5:163–164
haec autem Byzantium quondam a Pausania rege Spartanorum condita, post autem a Constantino Christiano principe in maius aucta et Constantinopolis dicta, gloriosissimi nunc imperii sedes et totius caput Orientis est.
This Byzantium, once founded by Pausanias, king of the Spartans, and afterwards enlarged by Constantine, the Christian emperor, and called Constantinople, is now the seat of a most glorious empire and the capital of the whole East.
Notes and citation
Summary: Byzantium is now Constantinople.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.2 (CSEL 5:163–164; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.3CSEL 5:164
Philippus uero post longam et inritam obsidionem, ut pecuniam quam obsidendo exhauserat praedando repararet, piraticam adgressus est. captas itaque CLXX naues mercibus confertas distraxit et anhelanti inopiae parua recreatione subuenit.
But Philip, after a long and fruitless siege, so as to restore by plundering the money he had exhausted by besieging, took to piracy. So he sold off a hundred and seventy captured ships full of merchandise and relieved his gasping want with a small refreshment.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip turned pirate to pay for the siege.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.3 (CSEL 5:164; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.4CSEL 5:164
inde propter agendam praedam et curandam obsidionem diuisit exercitum. ipse autem cum fortissimis profectus multas Cherronesi urbes cepit profligatisque populis opes abstulit. ad Scythiam quoque cum Alexandro filio praedandi intentione pertransit.
Then he divided his army for taking plunder and managing the siege. He himself set out with the bravest, took many cities of the Chersonese and carried off the wealth of the routed peoples. He also passed over into Scythia with his son Alexander, intent on plunder.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip plundered the Chersonese and Scythia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.4 (CSEL 5:164; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.5CSEL 5:164–165
Scythis tunc Atheas regnabat: qui cum Histrianorum bello premeretur, auxilium a Philippo per Apollonienses petiit, sed continuo Histrianorum rege mortuo et belli metu et auxiliorum necessitate liberatus pactionem foederis cum Philippo habitam dissoluit.
Atheas then reigned over the Scythians: when he was pressed by war with the Histrians, he asked help from Philip through the people of Apollonia; but when the king of the Histrians soon died, freed both from fear of war and from need of help, he dissolved the treaty agreement made with Philip.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Scythian king broke his treaty with Philip.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.5 (CSEL 5:164–165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.6CSEL 5:165
Philippus dimissa obsidione Byzantii Scythicum bellum totis uiribus adgreditur commissoque proelio cum Scythae et numero et uirtute praestarent, Philippi fraude uincuntur.
Philip, abandoning the siege of Byzantium, attacked the Scythian war with all his forces, and when battle was joined, though the Scythians excelled in both number and courage, they were defeated by Philip's fraud.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip defeated the Scythians by fraud.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Byoatii → Byzantii.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.6 (CSEL 5:165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.7CSEL 5:165
in ea pugna xx milia puerorum ac feminarum Scythicae gentis capta, pecorum magna copia abducta, auri atque argenti nihil repertum: nam et ea res primo fidem inopiae Scythicae dedit. uiginti milia nobilium equarum sufficiendo generi in Macedoniam missa.
In that battle twenty thousand boys and women of the Scythian race were captured, a great quantity of cattle carried off, no gold or silver found: and this first gave credence to Scythian poverty. Twenty thousand noble mares were sent to Macedonia to supply the breed.
Notes and citation
Summary: He took captives and mares but no gold.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.7 (CSEL 5:165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.8CSEL 5:165
Sed reuertenti Philippo Triballi bello obuiant: in quo ita Philippus in femore uulneratus est, ut per corpus eius equus interficeretur. cum omnes occisum putarent, in fugam uersi praedam amiserunt. aliquantula deinde mora dum conualescit a uulnere in pace conquieuit;
But as Philip was returning, the Triballi met him in war, in which Philip was so wounded in the thigh that his horse was killed through his body. When all thought him dead, they turned to flight and lost the plunder. Then for a little while, until he recovered from the wound, he rested in peace;
Notes and citation
Summary: The Triballi wounded Philip.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.8 (CSEL 5:165; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.9CSEL 5:165–166
statim uero ut conualuit Atheniensibus bellum intulit: qui in tanto discrimine positi Lacedaemonios quondam hostes tunc socios adsciscunt totiusque Graeciae ciuitates legationibus fatigant, ut communem hostem communibus uiribus petant. itaque aliquantae urbes Atheniensibus se coniunxere, quasdam uero ad Philippum belli metus traxit.
but as soon as he recovered he made war on the Athenians, who, placed in so great a crisis, took as allies the Lacedaemonians, once enemies, and wearied the cities of all Greece with embassies, that they should attack the common enemy with common strength. So a number of cities joined the Athenians, but fear of war drew some to Philip.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip attacked Athens, which rallied Greece.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.9 (CSEL 5:165–166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.10CSEL 5:166
proelio commisso cum Athenienses longe maiore numero militum praestarent, adsiduis tamen bellis indurata Macedonum uirtute uincuntur.
When battle was joined, though the Athenians excelled by a far greater number of soldiers, they were nevertheless defeated by the courage of the Macedonians, hardened by constant wars.
Notes and citation
Summary: Macedon defeated Athens at Chaeronea.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): oemmisso → commisso.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.10 (CSEL 5:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
3.13.11CSEL 5:166
quam pugnam longe omnibus bellis anterioribus atrociorem fuisse ipse rerum exitus docuit: nam hic dies apud uniuersam Graeciam adquisitae dominationis gloriam et uetustissimae libertatis statum finiuit.
That this battle was far more atrocious than all earlier wars the outcome itself showed: for this day ended, for all Greece, the glory of domination acquired and the condition of most ancient liberty.
Notes and citation
Summary: This battle ended Greek liberty.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 3.13.11 (CSEL 5:166; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/3-13-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).