2 Kings 21 in the early church
[LXX: 4 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 4 Kings]
24 passages quote, allude to, or echo 2 Kings 21, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 3 · 5 · 6 · 9 · 12 · 13 · 16 · 18 · 19
2 Kings 21:1
Manasseh was twelve years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty-five years. His mother’s name was Hephzibah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:1 | Miscellanies 1.21.120 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 2 Kgs 21:1 | Didascalia 2.22 (Latin) · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | first half of the third century |
| 2 Kgs 21:1 | Preparation for the Gospel 10.14.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| 2 Kgs 21:1–16 | Demonstration 11.2 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 2 Kgs 21:1–19 | On Apostate Kings 8 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 2 Kgs 21:1–11 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.22.0 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
2 Kings 21:3
For he rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had destroyed, and he raised up altars for Baal. He made an Asherah pole, as King Ahab of Israel had done, and he worshiped and served all the host of heaven.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:3–6 | On Apostate Kings 9 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
2 Kings 21:5
In both courtyards of the house of the LORD, he built altars to all the host of heaven.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:5 | Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
2 Kings 21:6
He sacrificed his own son in the fire, practiced sorcery and divination, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:6 | Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| 2 Kgs 21:6 | On the Witch of Endor 25 · Eustathius of Antioch | quotation, high confidence | ca. 324–337 |
2 Kings 21:9
But the people did not listen and Manasseh led them astray, so that they did greater evil than the nations that the LORD had destroyed before the Israelites.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:9 | Homilies on Numbers 16.7 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
2 Kings 21:12
this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Behold, I am bringing such calamity upon Jerusalem and Judah that the news will reverberate in the ears of all who hear it.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:12–16 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.22.1 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
2 Kings 21:13
I will stretch out over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria and the plumb line used against the house of Ahab, and I will wipe out Jerusalem as one wipes out a bowl—wiping it and turning it upside down.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:13 | Didascalia 2.22 (Latin) · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | first half of the third century |
2 Kings 21:16
Moreover, Manasseh shed so much innocent blood that he filled Jerusalem from end to end, in addition to the sin that he had caused Judah to commit, doing evil in the sight of the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:16 | Against the Jews 2 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| 2 Kgs 21:16 | Catechetical Lecture 2.13 · Cyril of Jerusalem | allusion, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| 2 Kgs 21:16 | On Apostate Kings 9 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 2 Kgs 21:16 | Homilies on Matthew 22.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, high confidence | ca. 390 |
| 2 Kgs 21:16 | City of God 18.24 · Augustine of Hippo | echo, low confidence | 413–426 |
| 2 Kgs 21:16 | Commentary on Jeremiah 3.45 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
2 Kings 21:18
And Manasseh rested with his fathers and was buried in his palace garden, the garden of Uzza. And his son Amon reigned in his place.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:18 | On Apostate Kings 9 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |
2 Kings 21:19
Amon was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem two years. His mother’s name was Meshullemeth daughter of Haruz; she was from Jotbah.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Kgs 21:19 | Miscellanies 1.21.120 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 2 Kgs 21:19 | Didascalia 2.23 (Latin) · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | first half of the third century |
| 2 Kgs 21:19 | Preparation for the Gospel 10.14.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| 2 Kgs 21:19–23 | Apostolic Constitutions 2.23.4 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |