Ezekiel 37 in the early church
[Vulgate: Ezechiel]
171 passages quote, allude to, or echo Ezekiel 37, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 16 · 17 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28
Ezekiel 37:1
The hand of the LORD was upon me, and He brought me out by His Spirit and set me down in the middle of the valley, and it was full of bones.
Ezekiel 37:2
He led me all around among them, and I saw a great many bones on the floor of the valley, and indeed, they were very dry.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:2 | Against Heresies 5.15.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:2 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:2 | PG 12:1091 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ezek 37:2 | Res. 1.21 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:2 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.13.2 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
Ezekiel 37:3
Then He asked me, “Son of man, can these bones come to life?” “O Lord GOD,” I replied, “only You know.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:3 | Against Heresies 5.15.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:3 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:3 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 30 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:3 | PG 12:1091 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ezek 37:3 | Res. 1.21 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:3 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.13.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
Ezekiel 37:4
And He said to me, “Prophesy concerning these bones and tell them, ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the LORD!
Ezekiel 37:5
This is what the Lord GOD says to these bones: I will cause breath to enter you, and you will come to life.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:5 | Against Heresies 5.15.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:5 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:5 | PG 12:1091 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ezek 37:5 | Res. 1.21 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:5 | Res. 2.21 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:5 | Homilies on the Psalms 33.13 · Basil of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360-378 |
| Ezek 37:5–6 | Question 41, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Ezek 37:5 | Question 106, section 9 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Ezek 37:5 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.13.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Ezek 37:5 | Poem 31, lines 253–286 · Paulinus of Nola | echo, medium confidence | ca. 393–431 |
Ezekiel 37:6
I will attach tendons to you and make flesh grow upon you and cover you with skin. I will put breath within you so that you will come to life. Then you will know that I am the LORD.’”
Ezekiel 37:7
So I prophesied as I had been commanded. And as I prophesied, there was suddenly a noise, a rattling, and the bones came together, bone to bone.
Ezekiel 37:8
As I looked on, tendons appeared on them, flesh grew, and skin covered them; but there was no breath in them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:8 | First Apology 52 · Justin Martyr | allusion, high confidence | ca. 150–155 |
| Ezek 37:8 | Against Heresies 5.15.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:8 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:8 | Res. 3.9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:8 | Treatise on the Mysteries 1.5.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, high confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Ezek 37:8 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.71.10 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Ezek 37:8 | On the Soul and the Resurrection, Migne page 135 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, high confidence | ca. 379–380 |
| Ezek 37:8 | Poem 31, lines 315–346 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
Ezekiel 37:9
Then He said to me, “Prophesy to the breath; prophesy, son of man, and tell the breath that this is what the Lord GOD says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe into these slain, so that they may live!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:9 | Against Heresies 5.15.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:9 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:9 | Res. 3.9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:9 | Ancoratus 88.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374 |
| Ezek 37:9 | Ancoratus 99.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Ezek 37:9 | On the Complaints of Job and David 1.15 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 383-390 |
| Ezek 37:9 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 10.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
Ezekiel 37:10
So I prophesied as He had commanded me, and the breath entered them, and they came to life and stood on their feet—a vast army.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:10 | Against Heresies 5.15.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:10 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:10 | Treatise on the Mysteries 1.5.3 · Hilary of Poitiers | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 360–366 |
| Ezek 37:10 | Oration 42.6 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, high confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Ezek 37:10 | Ancoratus 88.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| Ezek 37:10 | Poem 31, lines 315–346 · Paulinus of Nola | allusion, high confidence | ca. 393–431 |
| Ezek 37:10 | Literal Commentary on Genesis 10.5 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–415 |
Ezekiel 37:11
Then He said to me, “Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel. Look, they are saying, ‘Our bones are dried up, and our hope has perished; we are cut off.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:11 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:11 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 30 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:11 | PG 12:1095 (Ps 1 LXX) · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Ezek 37:11 | Commentary on John 10.229 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Ezek 37:11 | Commentary on John 10.234 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| Ezek 37:11 | Homilies on Leviticus 7.2 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Ezek 37:11–14 | To Quirinus 3.58 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later) |
| Ezek 37:11 | Res. 1.23 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:11 | Res. 3.9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:11 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 37:11 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.15.7 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Ezek 37:11 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.15.8 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Ezek 37:11 | Apostolic Constitutions 5.7.5 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 37:11 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 43–45 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
Ezekiel 37:12
Therefore prophesy and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘O My people, I will open your graves and bring you up from them, and I will bring you back to the land of Israel.
Ezekiel 37:13
Then you, My people, will know that I am the LORD, when I open your graves and bring you up from them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:13 | Against Heresies 5.15.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:13 | Against Heresies 5.34.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:13 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:13 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Ezekiel 37:14
I will put My Spirit in you and you will live, and I will settle you in your own land. Then you will know that I, the LORD, have spoken, and I will do it, declares the LORD.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:14 | Against Heresies 5.15.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:14 | Against Heresies 5.34.1 · Irenaeus of Lyons | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Ezek 37:14 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 29 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:14 | On the Resurrection of the Flesh 30 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 208–212 |
| Ezek 37:14 | Res. 3.9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Ezek 37:14 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 37:14 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.13.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | allusion, medium confidence | 374-377 |
Ezekiel 37:16
“And you, son of man, take a single stick and write on it: ‘Belonging to Judah and to the Israelites associated with him.’ Then take another stick and write on it: ‘Belonging to Joseph—the stick of Ephraim—and to all the house of Israel associated with him.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:16–17 | Commentary on Jeremiah 4.42 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
| Ezek 37:16–24 | Commentary on Jeremiah 6.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 414-419 |
Ezekiel 37:17
Then join them together into one stick, so that they become one in your hand.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:17 | Letter 74.3 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Ezekiel 37:21
you are to tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I will take the Israelites out of the nations to which they have gone, and I will gather them from all around and bring them into their own land.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:21 | Prophetic Extracts 3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Ezek 37:21 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Ezekiel 37:22
I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel, and one king will rule over all of them. Then they will no longer be two nations and will never again be divided into two kingdoms.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:22 | Prophetic Extracts 3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Ezek 37:22 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 37:22 | City of God 18.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
Ezekiel 37:23
They will no longer defile themselves with their idols or detestable images, or with any of their transgressions. I will save them from all their apostasies by which they sinned, and I will cleanse them. Then they will be My people, and I will be their God.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:23 | Prophetic Extracts 3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Ezek 37:23–24 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Ezek 37:23 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 37:23 | City of God 18.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
Ezekiel 37:24
My servant David will be king over them, and there will be one shepherd for all of them. They will follow My ordinances and keep and observe My statutes.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:24 | Prophetic Extracts 3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Ezek 37:24 | Question 111, section 1 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, high confidence | ca. 370–384 |
| Ezek 37:24 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Ezek 37:24 | Homilies on Matthew 2.3 · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390 |
| Ezek 37:24 | City of God 18.34 · Augustine of Hippo | quotation, high confidence | 413–426 |
Ezekiel 37:25
They will live in the land that I gave to My servant Jacob, where your fathers lived. They will live there forever with their children and grandchildren, and My servant David will be their prince forever.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:25 | Prophetic Extracts 3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Ezek 37:25 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.17.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| Ezek 37:25 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Ezekiel 37:26
And I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be an everlasting covenant. I will establish them and multiply them, and I will set My sanctuary among them forever.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:26 | Prophetic Extracts 3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Ezek 37:26 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Ezekiel 37:27
My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be My people.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:27 | Prophetic Extracts 3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Ezek 37:27 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Ezekiel 37:28
Then the nations will know that I the LORD sanctify Israel, when My sanctuary is among them forever.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ezek 37:28 | Prophetic Extracts 3.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Ezek 37:28 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |