Isaiah 41 in the early church

[Vulgate: Isaias]

42 passages quote, allude to, or echo Isaiah 41, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 15 · 17 · 18 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 25 · 28

Isaiah 41:1

“Be silent before Me, O islands, and let the peoples renew their strength. Let them come forward and testify; let us together draw near for judgment.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:1Oration 44.1 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidenceca. 362–383
Isa 41:1On the Complaints of Job and David 4.34 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 383-390

Isaiah 41:2

Who has aroused one from the east and called him to his feet in righteousness? He hands nations over to him and subdues kings before him. He turns them to dust with his sword, to windblown chaff with his bow.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:2Homily on Isaiah 5 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 235–250
Isa 41:2Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 41:2Preparation for the Gospel 11.23.9 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 313–324
Isa 41:2On Ecclesiastical Theology 1.20.80 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339

Isaiah 41:3

He pursues them, going on safely, hardly touching the path with his feet.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:3Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 41:4

Who has performed this and carried it out, calling forth the generations from the beginning? I, the LORD—the first and the last—I am He.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:4Against Heresies 4.5.1 · Irenaeus of Lyonsquotation, medium confidenceca. 180–190
Isa 41:4Against Praxeas 19 · Tertullianquotation, high confidenceca. 213 or later
Isa 41:4Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)
Isa 41:4Preparation for the Gospel 11.13.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, medium confidenceca. 313–324
Isa 41:4On Ecclesiastical Theology 2.19.15 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 337–339
Isa 41:4Theological Oration 3 (Or. 29), On the Son 17 · Gregory of Nazianzusquotation, high confidence380

Isaiah 41:5

The islands see and fear; the ends of the earth tremble. They approach and come forward.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:5Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 41:6

Each one helps the other and says to his brother, “Be strong!”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:6Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 41:7

The craftsman encourages the goldsmith, and he who wields the hammer cheers him who strikes the anvil, saying of the welding, “It is good.” He nails it down so it will not be toppled.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:7Prophetic Extracts 4.19 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidencebefore 325 (probably ca. 310–320)

Isaiah 41:8

“But you, O Israel, My servant, Jacob, whom I have chosen, descendant of Abraham My friend—

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:81 Clement 10.1 · Clement of Romeallusion, medium confidenceca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100)
Isa 41:8Miscellanies 2.5.20 · Clement of Alexandriaallusion, high confidenceca. 198–203
Isa 41:8Against the Jews 2 · Tertullianallusion, medium confidenceca. 197–207
Isa 41:8Homilies 18.13 · Anonymousallusion, low confidence4th century (reworking earlier material)
Isa 41:8Demonstration 20.16 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345

Isaiah 41:10

Do not fear, for I am with you; do not be afraid, for I am your God. I will strengthen you; I will surely help you; I will uphold you with My righteous right hand.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:10Letter 100.3 · Jeromequotation, high confidenceca. 370–419

Isaiah 41:11

Behold, all who rage against you will be ashamed and disgraced; those who contend with you will be reduced to nothing and will perish.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:11Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.47.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397
Isa 41:11Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.48.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

Isaiah 41:12

You will seek them but will not find them. Those who wage war against you will come to nothing.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:12Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.47.1 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-397
Isa 41:12Explanation of Twelve Psalms 1.48.2 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 387-397

Isaiah 41:15

Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:15–20To Quirinus 2.4 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidenceca. 248–250 (book 3 perhaps later)

Isaiah 41:17

The poor and needy seek water, but there is none; their tongues are parched with thirst. I, the LORD, will answer them; I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:17Against Hermogenes 34 · Tertullianquotation, medium confidenceca. 200–206
Isa 41:17–19Demonstration 20.14 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345
Isa 41:17Explanation of Twelve Psalms 61.23.1 · Ambroseallusion, medium confidenceca. 387-397

Isaiah 41:18

I will open rivers on the barren heights, and fountains in the middle of the valleys. I will turn the desert into a pool of water, and the dry land into flowing springs.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:18Against Marcion 3.5 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)
Isa 41:18Against Marcion 4.13 · Tertullianquotation, high confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)

Isaiah 41:21

“Present your case,” says the LORD. “Submit your arguments,” says the King of Jacob.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:21Demonstration 14.5 · Aphrahatquotation, high confidence337-345

Isaiah 41:22

“Let them come and tell us what will happen. Tell the former things, so that we may reflect on them and know the outcome. Or announce to us what is coming.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:22–23On First Principles 4.3.14 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398)
Isa 41:22Homily on Isaiah 1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 235–250
Isa 41:22Homily on Isaiah 4 · Origenallusion, medium confidenceca. 235–250
Isa 41:22Apology for Origen 4.1 · Pamphilus of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397)

Isaiah 41:23

Tell us the things that are to come, so that we may know that you are gods. Yes, do something good or evil, that we may look on together in dismay.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:23Homily on Isaiah 1 · Origenquotation, high confidenceca. 235–250
Isa 41:23Apology for Origen 4.1 · Pamphilus of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 308–310 (Rufinus's Latin about 397)

Isaiah 41:25

I have raised up one from the north, and he has come—one from the east who calls on My name. He will march over rulers as if they were mortar, like a potter who treads the clay.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:25Miscellanies 5.14.99 · Clement of Alexandriaquotation, low confidenceca. 198–203
Isa 41:25Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.22 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, medium confidenceca. 313–324

Isaiah 41:28

When I look, there is no one; there is no counselor among them; when I ask them, they have nothing to say.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Isa 41:28Against Marcion 4.25 · Tertullianquotation, medium confidence207/208 (third edition, completed later)