Numbers 19 in the early church

66 passages quote, allude to, or echo Numbers 19, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.

Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 5 · 6 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22

Numbers 19:1

Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:1–22Numbers, lines 473–497 · Cyprianus Gallusallusion, high confidenceearly 5th cent.

Numbers 19:2

“This is the statute of the law that the LORD has commanded: Instruct the Israelites to bring you an unblemished red heifer that has no defect and has never been placed under a yoke.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:2Epistle of Barnabas 8.1 · Anonymousallusion, high confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Num 19:2Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:2Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:2–9Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.11 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Num 19:2Letter 78.17 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Num 19:2Letter 108.12 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Num 19:2Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.30.4 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Num 19:2Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.30.5 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, high confidence374-377
Num 19:2On Illustrious Men 57 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidence392–393

Numbers 19:3

Give it to Eleazar the priest, and he will have it brought outside the camp and slaughtered in his presence.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:3Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:3Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:5

Then the heifer must be burned in his sight. Its hide, its flesh, and its blood are to be burned, along with its dung.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:5Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:6

The priest is to take cedar wood, hyssop, and scarlet wool and throw them onto the burning heifer.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:6Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:9

Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to gather up the ashes of the heifer and store them in a ceremonially clean place outside the camp. They must be kept by the congregation of Israel for preparing the water of purification; this is for purification from sin.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:9Epistle of Barnabas 8.1 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Num 19:9Letter 69.12 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, medium confidence249/250–258
Num 19:9Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:9Oration 39.3 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Num 19:9Oration 40.10 · Gregory of Nazianzusallusion, medium confidenceca. 362–383
Num 19:9Letter 78.17 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419

Numbers 19:10

The man who has gathered up the ashes of the heifer must also wash his clothes, and he will be ceremonially unclean until evening. This is a permanent statute for the Israelites and for the foreigner residing among them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:10–12Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.7 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324

Numbers 19:11

Whoever touches any dead body will be unclean for seven days.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:11Fragments on Luke, column 351 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 220-254
Num 19:11Preparation for the Gospel 8.8.38 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, low confidenceca. 313–324
Num 19:11–12Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.6 · Eusebius of Caesareaallusion, high confidenceca. 314–324
Num 19:11–16Demonstration 15.6 · Aphrahatallusion, high confidence337-345
Num 19:11Tractates on the Psalms 118.3.3 · Hilary of Poitiersallusion, high confidenceca. 360–367
Num 19:11Letter 121.10 · Jeromeallusion, high confidenceca. 370–419
Num 19:11Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 9.4.3 · Epiphanius of Salamisquotation, medium confidence374-377
Num 19:11Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 9.4.7 · Epiphanius of Salamisallusion, medium confidence374-377
Num 19:11Exposition of Psalm 118 3.11.2 · Ambroseallusion, high confidenceca. 386-397
Num 19:11Exposition of Psalm 118 21.13.1 · Ambrosequotation, high confidenceca. 386-397
Num 19:11–22Homily 2 · Gregory of Nyssaallusion, medium confidenceca. 390–394
Num 19:11Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 27 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence5th century (disputed)
Num 19:11Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 28 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence5th century (disputed)
Num 19:11–12Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 97 · Anonymousallusion, high confidence5th century (disputed)
Num 19:11On the Good of Marriage 23 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, high confidence401

Numbers 19:12

He must purify himself with the water on the third day and on the seventh day; then he will be clean. But if he does not purify himself on the third and seventh days, he will not be clean.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:12–13Letter 69.12 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Num 19:12Cib. 14 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:12–13Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.8 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324

Numbers 19:13

Anyone who touches a human corpse and fails to purify himself defiles the tabernacle of the LORD. That person must be cut off from Israel. He remains unclean, because the water of purification has not been sprinkled on him, and his uncleanness is still on him.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:13Cib. 10 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, medium confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:14

This is the law when a person dies in a tent: Everyone who enters the tent and everyone already in the tent will be unclean for seven days,

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:14Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:14Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:14Cib. 13 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:14–18Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.9 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324
Num 19:14Letter 109.1 · Jeromeallusion, medium confidenceca. 370–419

Numbers 19:15

and any open container without a lid fastened on it is unclean.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:15Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.169 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Num 19:15Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:15Cib. 13 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:16

Anyone in the open field who touches someone who has been killed by the sword or has died of natural causes, or anyone who touches a human bone or a grave, will be unclean for seven days.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:16Cib. 10 · Methodius of Olympusallusion, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:16Cib. 14 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:17

For the purification of the unclean person, take some of the ashes of the burnt sin offering, put them in a jar, and pour fresh water over them.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:17Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:17Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:18

Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to take some hyssop, dip it in the water, and sprinkle the tent, all the furnishings, and the people who were there. He is also to sprinkle the one who touched a bone, a grave, or a person who has died or been slain.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:18Epistle of Barnabas 8.1 · Anonymousallusion, medium confidenceca. 70–135 (often ca. 130)
Num 19:18Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:19

The man who is ceremonially clean is to sprinkle the unclean person on the third day and on the seventh day. After he purifies the unclean person on the seventh day, the one being cleansed must wash his clothes and bathe in water, and that evening he will be clean.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:19Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:19–21Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.10 · Eusebius of Caesareaquotation, high confidenceca. 314–324

Numbers 19:20

But if a person who is unclean does not purify himself, he will be cut off from the assembly, because he has defiled the sanctuary of the LORD. The water of purification has not been sprinkled on him; he is unclean.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:20Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:20Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:20Cib. 10 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:21

This is a permanent statute for the people: The one who sprinkles the water of purification must wash his clothes, and whoever touches the water of purification will be unclean until evening.

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:21Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)
Num 19:21Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympusquotation, high confidencelate 3rd cent. (disputed)

Numbers 19:22

Anything the unclean person touches will become unclean, and anyone who touches it will be unclean until evening.”

BSB
ReferencePassageKindDate
Num 19:22Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.169 · Origenallusion, high confidenceca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410)
Num 19:22Letter 70.1 · Cyprian of Carthagequotation, high confidence249/250–258
Num 19:22Letter 108.7 · Augustine of Hippoallusion, low confidenceca. 386–430
Num 19:22Letter 17 to the bishops of Macedonia, chapter 3 · Innocent I, bishop of Romequotation, high confidence401–417
Num 19:22The Conferences 12.2 · John Cassianquotation, high confidenceca. 426–429