Numbers 19 in the early church
66 passages quote, allude to, or echo Numbers 19, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 5 · 6 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22
Numbers 19:1
Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:1–22 | Numbers, lines 473–497 · Cyprianus Gallus | allusion, high confidence | early 5th cent. |
Numbers 19:2
“This is the statute of the law that the LORD has commanded: Instruct the Israelites to bring you an unblemished red heifer that has no defect and has never been placed under a yoke.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:2 | Epistle of Barnabas 8.1 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| Num 19:2 | Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:2 | Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:2–9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.11 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Num 19:2 | Letter 78.17 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Num 19:2 | Letter 108.12 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Num 19:2 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.30.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Num 19:2 | Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 30.30.5 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Num 19:2 | On Illustrious Men 57 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | 392–393 |
Numbers 19:3
Give it to Eleazar the priest, and he will have it brought outside the camp and slaughtered in his presence.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:3 | Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:3 | Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:5
Then the heifer must be burned in his sight. Its hide, its flesh, and its blood are to be burned, along with its dung.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:5 | Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:6
The priest is to take cedar wood, hyssop, and scarlet wool and throw them onto the burning heifer.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:6 | Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:9
Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to gather up the ashes of the heifer and store them in a ceremonially clean place outside the camp. They must be kept by the congregation of Israel for preparing the water of purification; this is for purification from sin.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:9 | Epistle of Barnabas 8.1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| Num 19:9 | Letter 69.12 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, medium confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Num 19:9 | Cib. 11 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:9 | Oration 39.3 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Num 19:9 | Oration 40.10 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Num 19:9 | Letter 78.17 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Numbers 19:10
The man who has gathered up the ashes of the heifer must also wash his clothes, and he will be ceremonially unclean until evening. This is a permanent statute for the Israelites and for the foreigner residing among them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:10–12 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Numbers 19:11
Whoever touches any dead body will be unclean for seven days.
Numbers 19:12
He must purify himself with the water on the third day and on the seventh day; then he will be clean. But if he does not purify himself on the third and seventh days, he will not be clean.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:12–13 | Letter 69.12 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Num 19:12 | Cib. 14 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:12–13 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Numbers 19:13
Anyone who touches a human corpse and fails to purify himself defiles the tabernacle of the LORD. That person must be cut off from Israel. He remains unclean, because the water of purification has not been sprinkled on him, and his uncleanness is still on him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:13 | Cib. 10 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, medium confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:14
This is the law when a person dies in a tent: Everyone who enters the tent and everyone already in the tent will be unclean for seven days,
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:14 | Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:14 | Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:14 | Cib. 13 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:14–18 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Num 19:14 | Letter 109.1 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
Numbers 19:15
and any open container without a lid fastened on it is unclean.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:15 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.169 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Num 19:15 | Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:15 | Cib. 13 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:16
Anyone in the open field who touches someone who has been killed by the sword or has died of natural causes, or anyone who touches a human bone or a grave, will be unclean for seven days.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:16 | Cib. 10 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:16 | Cib. 14 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:17
For the purification of the unclean person, take some of the ashes of the burnt sin offering, put them in a jar, and pour fresh water over them.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:17 | Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:17 | Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:18
Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to take some hyssop, dip it in the water, and sprinkle the tent, all the furnishings, and the people who were there. He is also to sprinkle the one who touched a bone, a grave, or a person who has died or been slain.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:18 | Epistle of Barnabas 8.1 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 70–135 (often ca. 130) |
| Num 19:18 | Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:19
The man who is ceremonially clean is to sprinkle the unclean person on the third day and on the seventh day. After he purifies the unclean person on the seventh day, the one being cleansed must wash his clothes and bathe in water, and that evening he will be clean.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:19 | Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:19–21 | Demonstration of the Gospel 1.3.10 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Numbers 19:20
But if a person who is unclean does not purify himself, he will be cut off from the assembly, because he has defiled the sanctuary of the LORD. The water of purification has not been sprinkled on him; he is unclean.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:20 | Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:20 | Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:20 | Cib. 10 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:21
This is a permanent statute for the people: The one who sprinkles the water of purification must wash his clothes, and whoever touches the water of purification will be unclean until evening.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:21 | Cib. 6 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Num 19:21 | Cib. 9 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
Numbers 19:22
Anything the unclean person touches will become unclean, and anyone who touches it will be unclean until evening.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Num 19:22 | Commentary on the Song of Songs 2.169 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 240–245 (Rufinus's translation ca. 410) |
| Num 19:22 | Letter 70.1 · Cyprian of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | 249/250–258 |
| Num 19:22 | Letter 108.7 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, low confidence | ca. 386–430 |
| Num 19:22 | Letter 17 to the bishops of Macedonia, chapter 3 · Innocent I, bishop of Rome | quotation, high confidence | 401–417 |
| Num 19:22 | The Conferences 12.2 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |