Zechariah 14 in the early church
[Vulgate: Zacharias]
71 passages quote, allude to, or echo Zechariah 14, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 18
Zechariah 14:1
Behold, a day of the LORD is coming when your plunder will be divided in your presence.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:1–2 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.160 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:1–3 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:1–2 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:1–2 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.20 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:1 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.52 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:1–4 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.4.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:1–4 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Zechariah 14:2
For I will gather all the nations for battle against Jerusalem, and the city will be captured, the houses looted, and the women ravished. Half of the city will go into exile, but the rest of the people will not be removed from the city.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:2 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.10 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:2–3 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.15 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Zechariah 14:3
Then the LORD will go out to fight against those nations, as He fights in the day of battle.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:3 | Prophetic Extracts 3.28 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Zech 14:3 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.16 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Zechariah 14:4
On that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem, and the Mount of Olives will be split in two from east to west, forming a great valley, with half the mountain moving to the north and half to the south.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:4 | Against Marcion 4.39 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Zech 14:4 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 86 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| Zech 14:4–6 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:4 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.17 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:4 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.20 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:4 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.27 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:4 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.28 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:4 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.4.25 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:4 | Catechetical Lecture 12.11 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
Zechariah 14:5
You will flee by My mountain valley, for it will extend to Azal. You will flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Then the LORD my God will come, and all the holy ones with Him.
Zechariah 14:6
On that day there will be no light, no cold or frost.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:6–7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.43 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:6–7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.44 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:6–7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.7.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:6–7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.7.5 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:6 | Catechetical Lecture 13.24 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Zech 14:6 | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 24 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 404 |
Zechariah 14:7
It will be a unique day known only to the LORD, without day or night; but when evening comes, there will be light.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:7 | Sibylline Oracles 8.421ff. · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 2nd-3rd cent. |
| Zech 14:7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.14.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:7–9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.46 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:7 | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.7.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:7 | Catechetical Lecture 13.24 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, high confidence | ca. 350 |
| Zech 14:7 | Apostolic Constitutions 5.14.14 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
| Zech 14:7 | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 24 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 404 |
Zechariah 14:8
And on that day living water will flow out from Jerusalem, half of it toward the Eastern Sea and the other half toward the Western Sea, in summer and winter alike.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:8 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.48 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:8 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.49 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:8 | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.7.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Zechariah 14:9
On that day the LORD will become King over all the earth—the LORD alone, and His name alone.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.50 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.51 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.52 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:9–10 | Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.53 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:9–10 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.4.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.4.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.7.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:9 | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.7.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Zechariah 14:11
People will live there, and never again will there be an utter destruction. So Jerusalem will dwell securely.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:11 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Zechariah 14:12
And this will be the plague with which the LORD strikes all the peoples who have warred against Jerusalem: Their flesh will rot while they stand on their feet, their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongues will rot in their mouths.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:12 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Zechariah 14:13
On that day a great panic from the LORD will come upon them, so that each will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will rise against the other.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:13 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Zechariah 14:14
Judah will also fight at Jerusalem, and the wealth of all the surrounding nations will be collected—gold, silver, and apparel in great abundance.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:14 | Against the Jews 9 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 197–207 |
| Zech 14:14 | Against Marcion 3.13 · Tertullian | quotation, high confidence | 207/208 (third edition, completed later) |
| Zech 14:14 | Homilies on Leviticus 3.8 · Origen | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 238–250 (Rufinus's translation ca. 400–410) |
| Zech 14:14 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Zechariah 14:15
And a similar plague will strike the horses and mules, camels and donkeys, and all the animals in those camps.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:15 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Zechariah 14:16
Then all the survivors from the nations that came against Jerusalem will go up year after year to worship the King, the LORD of Hosts, and to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:16–17 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.1.20 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:16–19 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.3.34 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:16–19 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.4.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:16–18 | Demonstration of the Gospel 8.4.25 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |
| Zech 14:16 | Book of Rules 4 · Tyconius | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380 |
Zechariah 14:18
And if the people of Egypt will not go up and enter in, then the rain will not fall on them; this will be the plague with which the LORD strikes the nations who do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zech 14:18–19 | Demonstration of the Gospel 2.1.21 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 314–324 |