Empedocles (fragments) in the early church
Texts outside the 66 books of the Protestant Bible. A bracket shows which other churches include a book in their Old Testament canon: RC = Roman Catholic, EO = Eastern Orthodox, ETH = Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo.
76 passages cite it, in date order.
| Passage | Cites | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| A Plea for the Christians 22 · Athenagoras | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 2.27 · Clement of Alexandria | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Against Heresies 2.14.4 · Irenaeus of Lyons | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 180–190 |
| Miscellanies 3.3.14 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments 118, 124, 125 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.4.13 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 119 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.23.150 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 146 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.1.9 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 114 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.2.15 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 17 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.3.18 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 4 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.8.48 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 38 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.9.59 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 3.6–8 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.12.81 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 133 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.13.85 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 17.14 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.14.103 · Clement of Alexandria | — | allusion, low confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.14.122 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 147 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.14.140 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 132 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.17 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments 6, 17 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.24 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 117 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.3.30 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments 111, 112 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.17.149 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments B 39, B 2 | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Apology 50 · Tertullian | — | allusion, low confidence | ca. 197 |
| Irrision of the Gentile Philosophers 2 · Hermias | — | allusion, high confidence | 3rd–6th century (disputed) |
| On the Soul 3 · Tertullian | — | echo, low confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 5 · Tertullian | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 8 · Tertullian | — | allusion, high confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 15 · Tertullian | frag. B105 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 17 · Tertullian | — | echo, low confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 20 · Tertullian | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 32 · Tertullian | frag. B117 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 33 · Tertullian | — | echo, low confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 43 · Tertullian | — | allusion, low confidence | ca. 210 |
| On the Soul 54 · Tertullian | — | echo, low confidence | ca. 210 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 1.3.2 · Hippolytus of Rome | fragment 117 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 5.7.30 · Hippolytus of Rome | fragment 119 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 6.11.1 · Hippolytus of Rome | fragment 109 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 6.12.1 · Hippolytus of Rome | fragment 110 | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 6.25.1 · Hippolytus of Rome | fragment 16 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 6.26.2 · Hippolytus of Rome | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.2 · Hippolytus of Rome | — | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.4 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 6 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.9 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 17 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.10 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 16 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.13 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 29 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.14 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 115.13 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.15 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 115.14 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.16 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 115.4–5 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.17 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 115.6–8 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.19 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 115.9–12 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.21 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 115.11–12 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.23 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 115.1–2 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.29.26 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 110 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.30.1 · Hippolytus of Rome | — | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.30.3 · Hippolytus of Rome | — | allusion, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 7.31.4 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 131 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 10.7.3 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 6 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Refutation of All Heresies 10.7.5 · Hippolytus of Rome | frag. 17.19–20 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 222–235 |
| Against Celsus 1.32 · Origen | — | allusion, low confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 5.49 · Origen | B137 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 8.53 · Origen | frag. 115 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Divine Institutes 2.12.4 · Lactantius | — | allusion, high confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| On the Workmanship of God 17.6 · Lactantius | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 303–305 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 4.14.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | frag. 128 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 5.5.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | frag. 115 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 7.12.1 · Eusebius of Caesarea | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 8.14.23 · Eusebius of Caesarea | — | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.30 · Eusebius of Caesarea | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.49 · Eusebius of Caesarea | fr. B 147 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 14.14.6 · Eusebius of Caesarea | fr. B 6 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 15.23.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | — | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 15.37.3 · Eusebius of Caesarea | — | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Epitome of the Divine Institutes 35.3 · Lactantius | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 314–320 |
| Oration 4.59 · Gregory of Nazianzus | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Hexaemeron 8.2 · Basil of Caesarea | fr. 117 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370 |
| Letter 84.6 · Jerome | — | allusion, low confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| On the Making of Man 28 · Gregory of Nyssa | 117 | quotation, high confidence | 379 |
| Against Jovinianus 2.6 · Jerome | — | allusion, high confidence | 393 |