Euripides (plays and fragments) in the early church
Texts outside the 66 books of the Protestant Bible. A bracket shows which other churches include a book in their Old Testament canon: RC = Roman Catholic, EO = Eastern Orthodox, ETH = Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo.
Plays and fragments of the Athenian tragedian; the locator names the play where known (e.g. Alc. 1–9).
103 passages cite it, in date order.
| Passage | Cites | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| On the Sole Government of God 3 · Anonymous | frag. | quotation, low confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| On the Sole Government of God 5 · Anonymous | Or. 591-599 | quotation, high confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| On the Sole Government of God 5 · Anonymous | Ion 436-451 | quotation, high confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| On the Sole Government of God 5 · Anonymous | frag. 292 | quotation, high confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| On the Sole Government of God 5 · Anonymous | frag. 286 | quotation, high confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| On the Sole Government of God 5 · Anonymous | Tro. 884-888 | quotation, high confidence | 2nd–3rd century (disputed) |
| To Autolycus 2.8 · Theophilus of Antioch | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| To Autolycus 2.37 · Theophilus of Antioch | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 180–185 |
| A Plea for the Christians 5 · Athenagoras | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| A Plea for the Christians 21 · Athenagoras | Alc. 1–9 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| A Plea for the Christians 25 · Athenagoras | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| A Plea for the Christians 29 · Athenagoras | — | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 176–180 |
| The Instructor 2.2.24 · Clement of Alexandria | Bacch. 918 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| The Instructor 3.2.13 · Clement of Alexandria | Iph. aul. 71–77 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| The Instructor 3.8.41 · Clement of Alexandria | Or. 588–590 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 2.25 · Clement of Alexandria | Tro. 884–886 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 2.30 · Clement of Alexandria | Alc. 3–4 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 3.42 · Clement of Alexandria | Iph. taur. | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 6.68 · Clement of Alexandria | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 7.74 · Clement of Alexandria | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 7.76 · Clement of Alexandria | Or. 591–595 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 7.76 · Clement of Alexandria | Alc. 755–760 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 7.76 · Clement of Alexandria | Ion 442–447 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 10.101 · Clement of Alexandria | Iph. taur. 569 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 12.118 · Clement of Alexandria | Bacch. 918–919 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Exhortation to the Greeks 12.119 · Clement of Alexandria | Bacchae | allusion, high confidence | ca. 190–200 |
| Miscellanies 1.8.40 · Clement of Alexandria | Phoenician Women 471–472 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 1.8.41 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments 56, 206 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 1.15.73 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 482 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 1.24.163 · Clement of Alexandria | Antiope fragment 203 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 2.15.63 · Clement of Alexandria | Chrysippus frag. 840; Medea 1078–79 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 2.19.102 · Clement of Alexandria | Antiope frag. 200 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 2.20.107 · Clement of Alexandria | Andromache 629–30; Orestes 1287 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 2.23.144 · Clement of Alexandria | Hecuba 569–570 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 3.3.15 · Clement of Alexandria | Cresphontes frag. 449; Polyidus frag. 638 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 3.3.22 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments 900, 908 | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 3.3.23 · Clement of Alexandria | — | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.5.24 · Clement of Alexandria | Alexander frag. 54 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.7.49 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 958 | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.7.53 · Clement of Alexandria | Hypsipyle frag. 757 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.8.63 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments 545–546 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.20.125 · Clement of Alexandria | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.20.126 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 909 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.23.148 · Clement of Alexandria | Bacchae 498 | allusion, low confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.25.155 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 910 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.25.162 · Clement of Alexandria | Bacchae 470–476 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 4.26.172 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 911 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.5.30 · Clement of Alexandria | Phoenician Women 536–540 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.6.36 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 594 | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.11.70 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 912 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.11.75 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 968 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.11.75 · Clement of Alexandria | Herc. fur. 1345–1346 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.14.111 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 210 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.14.114 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 941 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.14.114 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 593 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 5.14.137 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 913 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.7 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments (Erechtheus, Oeneus) | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.8 · Clement of Alexandria | Medea 618 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.9 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment (Erechtheus) | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.10 · Clement of Alexandria | Orestes 211; fragments | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.11 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment (Aegeus) | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.12 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.13 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.14 · Clement of Alexandria | Alcestis 1159–1160 and other play endings; fragment | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.16 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment (Telephus) | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.18 · Clement of Alexandria | Medea 516–519; fragments | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.22 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 6.2.24 · Clement of Alexandria | fragments (Chrysippus, Protesilaus) | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 7.4.23 · Clement of Alexandria | fragment 266 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 7.4.27 · Clement of Alexandria | Orest. 395–396 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| Miscellanies 8.9.27 · Clement of Alexandria | Med. 1–8 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| On the Soul 17 · Tertullian | Or. | allusion, low confidence | ca. 210 |
| Fragment 24 · Julius Africanus | — | allusion, low confidence | after 221 |
| Against Celsus 2.20 · Origen | Phoen. 18–20 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 2.34 · Origen | Bacch. 498 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 4.30 · Origen | Phoen. 546 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 4.77 · Origen | Phoen. 546 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 7.50 · Origen | — | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against Celsus 8.44 · Origen | Hipp. 612 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 248 |
| Against the Nations 7.33 · Arnobius of Sicca | Heracles | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 297–303 |
| Divine Institutes 1.6.8 · Lactantius | — | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Divine Institutes 5.15.11 · Lactantius | — | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 303–311 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 1.7.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Melanippe frag. 484 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 6.6.2 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Syleus fr. | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 6.7.24 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Phoen. 18–20 | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 6.7.25 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Phoen. 20 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 6.7.29 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Phoen. 570 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 6.7.30 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Phoen. 546–547 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 10.3.18 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Melanippe Desmotis frag. | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 10.3.19 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Med. 231 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.38 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Antiope (fragment) | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | fr. 941 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Preparation for the Gospel 13.13.41 · Eusebius of Caesarea | Pirithous fr. 593 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| Letter 63 · Basil of Caesarea | fr. 902 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Letter 74 · Basil of Caesarea | Bacch. | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| Letter 41 · Gregory of Nazianzus | Phoen. 531-532 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 360–390 |
| Oration 2.12 · Gregory of Nazianzus | fragment | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Homilies 22.2 · Basil of Caesarea | Hipp. 612 | quotation, high confidence | ca. 363-378 |
| Panarion (Adversus Haereses), Haer. 1-64 64.67.3 · Epiphanius of Salamis | Phoen. 469 | quotation, high confidence | 374-377 |
| Against Jovinianus 1.48 · Jerome | Andr. 930 | quotation, high confidence | 393 |
| Against Jovinianus 2.14 · Jerome | — | allusion, medium confidence | 393 |
| Greek Questions to the Christians 3.5 · Anonymous | Med. 1417 | quotation, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 145–146 · Anonymous | Phoen. | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |