Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.9.1–7.24.4
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 7, chapter 9
7.9.1CSEL 5:458
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCXXV, breui illa quidem sed turbida tyrannorum tempestate discussa, tranquilla sub Vespasiano duce saeuitum rediit.
In the 825th year from the founding of the City, when that brief but stormy tempest of tyrants had been dispersed, tranquility returned under Vespasian as leader.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Peace returns under Vespasian.
- “tranquilla … saeuitum rediit” as printed is corrupt; translated by sense (“tranquility returned”).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.1 (CSEL 5:458; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.2CSEL 5:458–459
namque, ut paulo altius repetam, Iudaei post passionem Christi destituti in totum gratia Dei cum omnibus undique malis circumuenirentur, quibusdam in Carmelo monte seducti sortibus, quae portenderent exortos a Iudaea duces rerum potituros fore, praedictumque ad se trahentes in rebellionem exarserunt extinctisque Romanis praesidiis legatum quoque Syriae suppetias ferentem rapta aquila et caesis copiis fugauerunt.
For, to go back a little further, the Jews after the passion of Christ, wholly deprived of the grace of God, when they were beset on every side with all evils, were led astray by certain oracles on Mount Carmel, which foretold that leaders arising from Judea would gain supreme power; applying the prediction to themselves, they blazed into rebellion, wiped out the Roman garrisons, and put to flight the legate of Syria too, who was bringing help, seizing his eagle and cutting down his forces.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Jewish revolt begins.
- The prophecy is in Suetonius, Vespasian 4.5, and Tacitus, Histories 5.13; the oracle at Carmel in Suetonius, Vespasian 5.6. The verdict on the Jews is Orosius's own.
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus, Hist. 5.13 (Tacitus; allusion)
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.2 (CSEL 5:458–459; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.3CSEL 5:459–460
ad hos Vespasianus a Nerone missus Titum filium suum maiorem inter legatos habuit; nam multas et ualidas legiones secum in Syriam traiecit. itaque cum Iudaeos, multis eorum oppidis captis in urbem Hierosolymorum praecipue ob diem festum congregatos, obsidione clausisset, cognita Neronis morte hortatu plurimorum regum et ducum — maxime Iosephi Iudaeorum ducis sententia, qui captus cum in uincla coiceretur, constantissime dixerat, sicut Suetonius refert, continuo se ab eodem sed imperatore soluendum — imperium adeptus est, relictoque in castris ad procurationem obsidionis Hierosolymorum filio Tito, per Alexandriam profectus est Romam; sed cognita interfectione Vitelli paulisper Alexandriae substitit.
Vespasian, sent against them by Nero, had his elder son Titus among his legates; for he brought many strong legions with him into Syria. So when, having taken many of their towns, he had shut up by siege the Jews, who were gathered in the city of Jerusalem, chiefly because of a feast day, on learning of Nero's death, at the urging of very many kings and generals, and especially at the declaration of Josephus, leader of the Jews, who, when captured and being thrown into chains, had most firmly said, as Suetonius reports, that he would soon be freed by the same man, but as emperor, he took the empire, and, leaving his son Titus in camp to manage the siege of Jerusalem, set out for Rome by way of Alexandria; but learning of the killing of Vitellius, he stopped for a little while at Alexandria.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vespasian becomes emperor during the siege.
- Suetonius, Vespasian 5.6; Josephus, Jewish War 3.399–408.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): losepbi → Iosephi; imperium adoptus est → imperium adeptus est.
Extrabiblical texts: Josephus, J.W. 3.399-408 (Josephus (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.3 (CSEL 5:459–460; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.4CSEL 5:460
Titus uero magna ac diuturna obsidione Iudaeos premens, machinis cunctisque bellicis molibus non sine multo suorum sanguine tandem muros ciuitatis inrupit. sed ad expugnandam interiorem templi munitionem, quam reclusa multitudo sacerdotum ac principum tuebatur, maiore ui et mora opus fuit.
Titus, pressing the Jews with a great and long siege, with engines and all the machinery of war, not without much blood of his own men, at last broke through the walls of the city. But to storm the inner fortification of the temple, which a multitude of priests and chief men shut up in it was defending, greater force and delay were needed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Titus breaks into Jerusalem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.4 (CSEL 5:460; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.5CSEL 5:460
quod tamen postquam in potestatem redactum opere atque antiquitate suspexit, diu deliberauit utrum tamquam incitamentum hostium incenderet an in testimonium uictoriae reseruaret. sed Ecclesia Dei iam per totum Orbem uberrime germinante, hoc tamquam effetum ac uacuum nullique usui bono commodum arbitrio Dei auferendum fuit.
When this had been brought under his power, he admired it for its workmanship and antiquity and long deliberated whether to burn it as an incitement of the enemy or to keep it as a witness of his victory. But since the church of God was already sprouting most abundantly throughout the whole world, it had to be taken away by the judgment of God, as worn out and empty and fit for no good use.
Notes and citation
Summary: The temple was to be removed by God's judgment.
- Orosius's view, translated as written.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.5 (CSEL 5:460; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.6CSEL 5:460
itaque Titus, imperator ab exercitu pronuntiatus, templum in Hierosolymis incendit ac diruit, quod a die conditionis primae usque ad diem euersionis ultimae manserat annis mille centum et duobus. muros urbis uniuersos solo adaequauit.
So Titus, proclaimed emperor by the army, burned and destroyed the temple at Jerusalem, which had stood from the day of its first founding to the day of its final overthrow for eleven hundred and two years. He leveled all the walls of the city to the ground.
Notes and citation
Summary: Titus destroys the temple.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.6 (CSEL 5:460; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.7CSEL 5:460–461
sexcenta milia Iudaeorum eo bello interfecta Cornelius et Suetonius referunt; Iosephus uero Iudaeus, qui ei tunc bello praefuit et apud Vespasianum propter praedictum imperium ueniam gratiamque meruerat, scribit undecies centena milia gladio et fame perisse, reliquias uero Iudaeorum diuersis actas condicionibus toto Orbe dispersas: quarum numerus ad nonaginta milia hominum fuisse narratur.
Cornelius and Suetonius report that six hundred thousand Jews were killed in that war; but Josephus the Jew, who then commanded in that war and had earned pardon and favor with Vespasian because he had foretold his rule, writes that eleven hundred thousand perished by sword and hunger, and that the remnants of the Jews, driven under various conditions, were scattered over the whole world, their number being said to have been about ninety thousand people.
Notes and citation
Summary: The numbers of the dead.
- Tacitus, Histories 5.13 (600,000 besieged); Josephus, Jewish War 6.420 (1,100,000 dead, 97,000 captives).
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus, Hist. 5.13 (Tacitus; allusion); Josephus, J.W. 6.420 (Josephus (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.7 (CSEL 5:460–461; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.8CSEL 5:461
Vespasianus et Titus imperatores magnificum agentes de Iudaeis triumphum Vrbem ingressi sunt. pulchrum et ignotum antea cunctis mortalibus inter trecentos uiginti triumphos, qui a conditione Vrbis usque in id tempus acti erant, hoc spectaculum fuit, patrem et filium uno triumphali curru uectos gloriosissimam ab his, qui Patrem et Filium offenderant, uictoriam reportasse.
The emperors Vespasian and Titus entered the City celebrating a magnificent triumph over the Jews. Fine and unknown before to all mortals, among the three hundred and twenty triumphs that had been celebrated from the founding of the City to that time, was this spectacle: a father and son, borne in one triumphal chariot, bringing back a most glorious victory over those who had offended the Father and the Son.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Flavian triumph over the Jews.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): magnifioum → magnificum.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.8 (CSEL 5:461; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.9CSEL 5:461–462
qui continuo omnibus bellis ac tumultibus domi forisque conpressis pacem totius Orbis pronuntiauerunt et Ianum geminum obseratis cohiberi claustris sexto demum ipsi post Vrbem conditam censuerunt. iure enim idem honos ultioni passionis Domini inpensus est, qui etiam natiuitati fuerat adtributus.
They at once, having suppressed all wars and tumults at home and abroad, proclaimed the peace of the whole world and decreed that twin Janus be shut with bolted bars, they themselves for the sixth time after the founding of the City. For rightly the same honor was paid to the avenging of the Lord's passion as had also been assigned to his birth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Janus is closed after Jerusalem's fall.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): conditam cemsierunt → conditam censuerunt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.9 (CSEL 5:461–462; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.10CSEL 5:462
tunc deinde sine ullis bellorum tumultibus in inmensum respublica Romana prouehitur: siquidem Achaia Lycia Rhodus Byzantium Samus Thracia Cilicia Commagene tunc primum redactae in prouincias Romanis iudicibus legibusque paruerunt.
Then the Roman commonwealth was advanced immensely without any tumults of war: for Achaea, Lycia, Rhodes, Byzantium, Samos, Thrace, Cilicia, and Commagene were then first made provinces and obeyed Roman judges and laws.
Notes and citation
Summary: New provinces under Vespasian.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.10 (CSEL 5:462; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.11CSEL 5:462
Nono autem imperii eius anno tres ciuitates Cypri terrae motu corruerunt et Romae magna pestilentia fuit.
In the ninth year of his rule three cities of Cyprus fell in an earthquake, and there was a great pestilence at Rome.
Notes and citation
Summary: Earthquake in Cyprus; plague at Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.11 (CSEL 5:462; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.12CSEL 5:462
Vespasianus autem in uilla propria circa Sabinos nono anno principatus sui profluuio uentris est mortuus.
Vespasian died of a flux of the bowels in his own villa in the Sabine country in the ninth year of his principate.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vespasian's death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.12 (CSEL 5:462; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.13CSEL 5:462
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCXXVIII Titus, segregatis a numero principum Othone et Vitellio ab Augusto octauus, biennio post Vespasianum regnauit. cuius tanta tranquillitas in imperio fuit, ut nullius omnino sanguinem in republica administranda fudisse referatur.
In the 828th year from the founding of the City, Titus, eighth from Augustus, setting aside Otho and Vitellius from the number of the princes, reigned two years after Vespasian. Such was the tranquility of his rule that he is reported to have shed no one's blood at all in governing the commonwealth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Titus's gentle reign.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.13 (CSEL 5:462; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.14CSEL 5:462
et tamen tunc Romae orto repente incendio plurimae aedes publicae concrematae sunt. abruptum tunc etiam Bebii montis uerticem magna profudisse incendia ferunt torrentibusque flammarum uicina regionis cum urbibus hominibusque delesse.
And yet then a fire suddenly broke out at Rome and very many public buildings were burned. They say that then too the broken summit of Mount Vesuvius poured out great fires and with torrents of flames destroyed the neighboring parts of the region with cities and people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fire at Rome and the eruption of Vesuvius.
- “Bebii” as printed, for Vesbius (Vesuvius).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.14 (CSEL 5:462; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.9.15CSEL 5:462–463
Titus cum ingenti omnium luctu in eadem uilla, qua pater eius, morbo absumptus est.
Titus, to the great grief of all, was carried off by disease in the same villa as his father.
Notes and citation
Summary: Titus's death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.9.15 (CSEL 5:462–463; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-9-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 10
7.10.1CSEL 5:463
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCXXX Domitianus Titi frater, ab Augusto nonus, fratri successit in regnum. qui per annos xv ad hoc paulatim per omnes scelerum gradus creuit, ut confirmatissimam toto Orbe Christi Ecclesiam datis ubique crudelissimae persecutionis edictis conuellere auderet.
In the 830th year from the founding of the City, Domitian, brother of Titus, ninth from Augustus, succeeded his brother on the throne. For fifteen years he grew gradually through all the degrees of crimes to the point that he dared to tear apart the church of Christ, firmly established throughout the world, by issuing everywhere edicts of most cruel persecution.
Notes and citation
Summary: Domitian's reign and persecution.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.10.1 (CSEL 5:463; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.10.2CSEL 5:463
is in tantam superbiam prolapsus fuit, ut dominum sese ac deum uocari scribi colique iusserit. nobilissimos e senatu inuidiae simul ac praedae causa alios palam interfecit, alios in exilium trusit ibique trucidari imperauit. libidinis intemperantia quidquid cogitari potest, fecit. plurimas Vrbis aedes destructis populi Romani rebus extruxit.
He fell into such pride that he ordered himself to be called, written of, and worshiped as lord and god. Of the noblest men of the senate, out of envy and for plunder, he killed some openly, drove others into exile, and ordered them slaughtered there. In the intemperance of his lust he did whatever can be thought. He built very many buildings in the City, destroying the goods of the Roman people.
Notes and citation
Summary: Domitian's pride and cruelty.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.10.2 (CSEL 5:463; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.10.3CSEL 5:463
bellum aduersum Germanos et Dacos per legatos gessit pari reipublicae pernicie, cum et in Vrbe ipse senatum populumque laniaret et foris male circumactum exercitum adsidua hostes caede conficerent.
He waged war against the Germans and Dacians through legates with equal ruin to the commonwealth, since in the City he himself was mangling the senate and people, and abroad the enemy were finishing off the badly maneuvered army with continual slaughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Domitian's failed wars.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.10.3 (CSEL 5:463; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.10.4CSEL 5:463–464
nam quanta fuerint Diurpanei Dacorum regis cum Fusco duce proelia quantaeque Romanorum clades, longo textu euoluerem, nisi Cornelius Tacitus, qui hanc historiam diligentissime contexuit, de reticendo interfectorum numero et Sallustium Crispum et alios auctores quamplurimos sanxisse et se ipsum idem potissimum elegisse dixisset. Domitianus tamen prauissima elatus iactantia, sub nomine superatorum hostium de extinctis legionibus triumphauit.
For how great were the battles of Diurpaneus, king of the Dacians, with the general Fuscus and how great the disasters of the Romans, I would unfold in a long account, had not Cornelius Tacitus, who wove this history most carefully, said that both Sallustius Crispus and very many other authors had decided to keep silent about the number of the slain, and that he himself chose above all to do the same. Domitian nevertheless, carried away by most perverse boasting, triumphed over the destroyed legions under the name of conquered enemies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Domitian's Dacian disasters.
- From a lost part of Tacitus's Histories.
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus (Tacitus; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.10.4 (CSEL 5:463–464; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.10.5CSEL 5:464
idemque efferatus superbia, qua se deum coli uellet, persecutionem in Christianos agi secundus a Nerone imperauit. quo tempore etiam beatissimus Iohannes apostolus in Patmum insulam relegatus fuit.
And the same man, made savage by pride, by which he wished to be worshiped as a god, ordered a persecution to be carried out against the Christians, the second after Nero. At this time too the most blessed apostle John was banished to the island of Patmos.
Rev 1:9 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The second persecution; John on Patmos.
- Compare Rev 1:9.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): efferatus snperbia → efferatus superbia; lohannes → Iohannes.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.10.5 (CSEL 5:464; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.10.6CSEL 5:464
inter Iudaeos quoque acerbitate tormentorum et cruentissimae quaestionis exquiri genus Dauid atque interfici praeceptum est, dum prophetis sanctis et inuidetur et creditur, quasi adhuc futurus esset ex semine Dauid, qui regnum possit adipisci.
Among the Jews too it was ordered that the family of David be sought out by the cruelty of tortures and most bloody inquiry and killed, while the holy prophets were both envied and believed, as if one were still to come from the seed of David who could obtain the kingdom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Domitian hunts the family of David.
- Compare Eusebius, Church History 3.19–20 (from Hegesippus).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inter Indaeos → inter Iudaeos.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 3.19-3.20 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.10.6 (CSEL 5:464; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.10.7CSEL 5:464–465
continuo tamen Domitianus crudeliter in Palatio a suis interfectus est: cuius cadauer populari sandapila per uespillones exportatum atque ignominiosissime sepultum est.
Soon, however, Domitian was cruelly killed in the Palace by his own men: his corpse was carried out on a common bier by corpse-bearers and most ignominiously buried.
Notes and citation
Summary: Domitian's murder.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.10.7 (CSEL 5:464–465; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-10-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 11
7.11.1CSEL 5:465
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCXLVI — quamuis Eutropius quinquagesimum hunc esse annum scripserit — Nerua admodum senex a Petronio praefecto praetorio et Parthenio spadone, interfectore Domitiani, imperator decimus ab Augusto creatus Traianum in regnum adoptauit, per quem reuera adflictae reipublicae diuina prouisione consuluit.
In the 846th year from the founding of the City (although Eutropius has written that this was the 850th year), Nerva, a very old man, was made emperor, tenth from Augustus, by Petronius the praetorian prefect and Parthenius the eunuch, Domitian's murderer; he adopted Trajan as heir to the throne, through whom indeed he provided by divine providence for the afflicted commonwealth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nerva becomes emperor and adopts Trajan.
- Eutropius, Breviarium 8.1. No extrabiblical id exists for Eutropius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.11.1 (CSEL 5:465; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-11-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-11-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.11.2CSEL 5:465
hic primo edicto suo cunctos exules reuocauit — unde et Iohannes apostolus hac generali indulgentia liberatus Ephesum rediit — emensoque anno imperii sui Nerua confectus morbo diem obiit.
By his first edict he recalled all exiles, by which general indulgence the apostle John too was freed and returned to Ephesus; and when a year of his rule had passed, Nerva died, worn out by disease.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nerva recalls exiles; John returns to Ephesus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.11.2 (CSEL 5:465; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-11-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-11-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 12
7.12.1CSEL 5:465
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCXLVII Traianus, genere Hispanus, undecimus ab Augusto reipublicae gubernacula Nerua tradente suscepit ac per annos decem et nouem tenuit.
In the 847th year from the founding of the City, Trajan, a Spaniard by birth, eleventh from Augustus, took up the helm of the commonwealth from Nerva and held it for nineteen years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Trajan becomes emperor.
- The digital text reads DCCCXXVU; corrected to DCCCXLVII, following the preceding date (846).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): DCCCXXVU → DCCCXLVII.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.12.1 (CSEL 5:465; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.12.2CSEL 5:465
apud Agrippinam Galliae urbem insignia sumpsit imperii; mox Germaniam trans Rhenum in pristinum statum reduxit; trans Danuuium multas gentes subegit; regiones autem trans Euphraten et Tigrin sitas prouincias fecit;
He took the insignia of empire at Agrippina, a city of Gaul; soon he brought Germany across the Rhine back to its former state; he subdued many peoples across the Danube; and he made provinces of the regions lying beyond the Euphrates and the Tigris;
Notes and citation
Summary: Trajan's conquests.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): trabs Euphraten → trans Euphraten.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.12.2 (CSEL 5:465; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.12.3CSEL 5:465–466
Seleuciam et Ctesiphontem et Babylonem occupauit in persequendis sane Christianis errore deceptus tertius a Nerone, cum passim repertos cogi ad sacrificandum idolis ac detrectantes interfici praecepisset plurimique interficerentur, Plinii Secundi, qui inter ceteros iudices persecutor datus fuerat, relatu admonitus, eos homines praeter confessionem Christi honestaque conuenticula nihil contrarium Romanis legibus facere, fiducia sane innocentis confessionis nemini mortem grauem ac formidulosam uideri, rescriptis ilico lenioribus temperauit edictum.
he occupied Seleucia, Ctesiphon, and Babylon. Deceived by error in persecuting Christians, the third after Nero, when he had ordered that those found anywhere should be forced to sacrifice to idols and those who refused should be killed, and very many were being killed, he was advised by the report of Plinius Secundus, who had been appointed persecutor among the other judges, that these men did nothing contrary to Roman laws apart from confessing Christ and holding honorable gatherings, and that, in confidence of an innocent confession, death seemed grievous and frightful to none of them; he at once tempered the edict by milder rescripts.
Notes and citation
Summary: Trajan's persecution and Pliny's report.
- Pliny, Letters 10.96–97.
Extrabiblical texts: Pliny the Younger, Ep. 10.96-97 (Pliny the Younger, Letters; allusion)
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.12.3 (CSEL 5:465–466; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.12.4CSEL 5:466
uerumtamen continuo Romae aurea domus, a Nerone totis priuatis publicisque rebus inpensis condita, repentino conflagrauit incendio, ut intellegeretur missa etiam ab alio persecutio in ipsius potissime monumentis, a quo primum exorta esset, atque in ipso auctore puniri.
Nevertheless, at once at Rome the Golden House, built by Nero at the expense of all private and public property, was burned in a sudden fire, so that it might be understood that the persecution, though ordered by another, was punished above all in the monuments of him by whom it had first arisen, and in the author himself.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Golden House burns.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.12.4 (CSEL 5:466; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.12.5CSEL 5:466–467
terrae motu quattuor urbes Asiae subuersae, Elea Myrina Pitane Cyme, et Graeciae ciuitates duae, Opuntiorum et Oritorum; tres Galatiae ciuitates eodem terrae motu dirutae; Pantheum Romae fulmine concrematum; terrae motus in Antiochia paene totam subruit ciuitatem.
Four cities of Asia were overthrown by an earthquake, Elaea, Myrina, Pitane, and Cyme, and two cities of Greece, of the Opuntii and the Oriti; three cities of Galatia were destroyed by the same earthquake; the Pantheon at Rome was burned by lightning; an earthquake at Antioch overturned almost the whole city.
Notes and citation
Summary: Earthquakes and fires under Trajan.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.12.5 (CSEL 5:466–467; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.12.6CSEL 5:467
incredibili deinde motu sub uno tempore Iudaei quasi rabie efferati per diuersas terrarum partes exarserunt. nam et per totam Libyam aduersus incolas atrocissima bella gesserunt: quae adeo tunc interfectis cultoribus desolata est, ut, nisi postea Hadrianus imperator collectas illuc aliunde colonias deduxisset, uacua penitus terra abraso habitatore mansisset.
Then, in an incredible movement at one time, the Jews, as if maddened with rage, blazed up in various parts of the earth. For throughout all Libya they waged most savage wars against the inhabitants; and Libya was then so desolated by the killing of its cultivators that, had not the emperor Hadrian afterward brought colonies gathered from elsewhere and settled them there, the land would have remained utterly empty, its inhabitants scraped away.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Jewish revolt in Libya.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (missing full stop): terrarum partes exarserunt nam → terrarum partes exarserunt. nam.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.12.6 (CSEL 5:467; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.12.7CSEL 5:467
Aegyptum uero totam et Cyrenen et Thebaidam cruentis seditionibus turbauerunt. in Alexandria autem commisso proelio uicti et adtriti sunt. in Mesopotamia quoque rebellantibus iussu imperatoris bellum inlatum est. itaque multa milia eorum uasta caede deleta sunt.
They threw all Egypt, Cyrene, and the Thebaid into confusion with bloody seditions. At Alexandria, however, when battle was joined, they were defeated and crushed. In Mesopotamia too war was made on the rebels by order of the emperor. So many thousands of them were destroyed in vast slaughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: The revolt in Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.12.7 (CSEL 5:467; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.12.8CSEL 5:467
sane Salaminam urbem Cypri interfectis omnibus accolis deleuerunt. Traianus, ut quidam ferunt, apud Seleuciam Isauriae urbem profluuio uentris extinctus est.
Indeed they destroyed Salamis, a city of Cyprus, killing all its inhabitants. Trajan, as some say, died of a flux of the bowels at Seleucia, a city of Isauria.
Notes and citation
Summary: Salamis is destroyed; Trajan dies.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.12.8 (CSEL 5:467; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-12-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 13
7.13.1CSEL 5:467
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCLXVII Hadrianus, consobrinae Traiani filius, duodecimus ab Augusto principatum adeptus, uno et uiginti annis imperauit.
In the 867th year from the founding of the City, Hadrian, son of Trajan's cousin, twelfth from Augustus, obtained the principate and ruled for twenty-one years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hadrian becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.13.1 (CSEL 5:467; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.13.2CSEL 5:467–468
hic per Quadratum discipulum apostolorum et Aristidem Atheniensem, uirum fide sapientiaque plenum, et per Serenum Granium legatum libris de Christiana religione conpositis instructus atque eruditus, praecepit per epistulam ad Minucium Fundanum proconsule Asiae datam ut nemini liceret Christianos sine obiectu criminis aut probatione damnare;
He, instructed and taught by books composed on the Christian religion by Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, by Aristides the Athenian, a man full of faith and wisdom, and by Serenus Granius the legate, ordered in a letter given to Minucius Fundanus, proconsul of Asia, that no one should be allowed to condemn Christians without a charge being brought or proof;
Notes and citation
Summary: Hadrian's rescript protecting Christians.
- Compare Eusebius, Church History 4.3, 4.8–9; Justin, 1 Apol. 68.
Extrabiblical texts: Quadratus, Quadr. (Quadratus, Apology (fragment); allusion); Aristides, Apol. (Apology; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.3 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.13.2 (CSEL 5:467–468; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.13.3CSEL 5:468
idemque continuo pater patriae in senatu ultra morem maiorum appellatur et uxor eius Augusta. Hadrianus rempublicam iustissimis legibus ordinauit; bellum contra Sauromatas gessit et uicit.
and at once he was called father of the country in the senate, beyond the custom of the ancestors, and his wife Augusta. Hadrian ordered the commonwealth with most just laws; he waged war against the Sauromatae and won.
Notes and citation
Summary: Hadrian's honors and laws.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.13.3 (CSEL 5:468; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.13.4CSEL 5:468
Iudaeos sane, perturbatione scelerum suorum exagitatos et Palaestinam prouinciam quondam suam depopulantes, ultima caede perdomuit, ultusque est Christianos, quos illi Cocheba duce, cur sibi aduersum Romanos non adsentarentur, excruciabant;
The Jews, indeed, driven by the confusion of their crimes and laying waste Palestine, once their own province, he subdued with final slaughter, and he avenged the Christians, whom they, under the leadership of Cocheba, were torturing because they would not side with them against the Romans;
Notes and citation
Summary: Hadrian crushes Bar Kokhba.
- Cocheba is Simon bar Kokhba. Compare Justin, 1 Apol. 31.6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): perturbatioae → perturbatione.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 1 Apol. 31.6 (First Apology; allusion)
Topics: Persecution, Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.13.4 (CSEL 5:468; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.13.5CSEL 5:468–469
praecepitque, ne cui Iudaeo introeundi Hierosolymam esset licentia, Christianis tantum ciuitate permissa: quam ipse in optimum statum murorum exstructione reparauit et Aeliam uocari de praenomine suo praecepit.
and he ordered that no Jew should have leave to enter Jerusalem, the city being permitted only to Christians; he himself restored it to the best condition by building walls and ordered it to be called Aelia, from his own first name.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jerusalem becomes Aelia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uooari → uocari.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.13.5 (CSEL 5:468–469; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-13-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 14
7.14.1CSEL 5:469
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCLXXXVIII Antoninus cognomento Pius tertius decimus ab Augusto imperator creatus cum liberis suis Aurelio et Lucio uiginti et non plenis tribus annis rempublicam gubernauit adeo tranquille et sancte, ut merito Pius et pater patriae nominatus sit.
In the 888th year from the founding of the City, Antoninus, surnamed Pius, thirteenth from Augustus, was made emperor and with his children Aurelius and Lucius governed the commonwealth for not quite twenty-three years, so peacefully and righteously that he was deservedly named Pius and father of the country.
Notes and citation
Summary: Antoninus Pius's reign.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray mark and digitization slips; stray period): | Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCLxxxvm → Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCLXXXVIII; non plenis tribus annis. rempublicam → non plenis tribus annis rempublicam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.14.1 (CSEL 5:469; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-14-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-14-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.14.2CSEL 5:469
huius tamen temporibus Valentinus haeresiarches et Cerdo magister Marcionis Romam uenerunt. uerum Iustinus philosophus librum pro Christiana religione compositum Antonino tradidit benignumque eum erga Christianos homines fecit. Antoninus ad duodecimum ab Vrbe lapidem morbo correptus interiit.
In his times, however, Valentinus the heresiarch and Cerdo, the teacher of Marcion, came to Rome. But Justin the philosopher handed Antoninus a book composed on behalf of the Christian religion and made him kindly toward Christians. Antoninus died, seized by disease, at the twelfth milestone from the City.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valentinus, Cerdo, and Justin's apology.
- Compare Eusebius, Church History 4.11.
Extrabiblical texts: Justin, 1 Apol. (First Apology; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.11 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Heresy, Gnosticism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.14.2 (CSEL 5:469; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-14-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-14-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 15
7.15.1CSEL 5:469–470
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCCXI Marcus Antoninus Verus quartus decimus ab Augusto regnum cum Aurelio Commodo fratre suscepit mansitque in eo annis decem et nouem. hi primi rempublicam aequo iure tutati sunt.
In the 911th year from the founding of the City, Marcus Antoninus Verus, fourteenth from Augustus, took up the rule with his brother Aurelius Commodus and remained in it for nineteen years. They were the first to protect the commonwealth with equal right.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus as joint emperors.
- Orosius's names are confused: the joint emperors were Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Antoninus Veras → Antoninus Verus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.1 (CSEL 5:469–470; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.2CSEL 5:470
bellum deinde contra Parthos admirabili uirtute et felicitate gesserunt. Annius Antoninus Verus ad id bellum profectus est. Vologesus enim, rex Parthorum, graui eruptione Armeniam Cappadociam Syriamque uastabat.
Then they waged war against the Parthians with admirable courage and success. Annius Antoninus Verus set out for that war. For Vologeses, king of the Parthians, was laying waste Armenia, Cappadocia, and Syria with a heavy incursion.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Parthian war.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.2 (CSEL 5:470; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.3CSEL 5:470
sed Antoninus, per strenuissimos duces magnis rebus gestis, Seleuciam Assyriae urbem super Hydaspen fluuium sitam cum quadringentis milibus hominum cepit et cum fratre de uictoria Parthica triumphauit; ac non multo post, dum cum fratre in uehiculo sedet, casu morbi, quem apoplexian Graeci uocant, suffocatus interiit.
But Antoninus, having done great things through very energetic generals, took Seleucia, a city of Assyria situated on the river Hydaspes, with four hundred thousand people, and triumphed with his brother over the Parthian victory; and not long after, while sitting in a carriage with his brother, he died, suffocated by an attack of the disease which the Greeks call apoplexy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Victory over Parthia; Verus's death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.3 (CSEL 5:470; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.4CSEL 5:470–471
Eo defuncto Marcus Antoninus solus reipublicae praefuit. sed in diebus Parthici belli persecutiones Christianorum quarta iam post Neronem uice in Asia et in Gallia graues praecepto eius exstiterunt multique sanctorum martyrio coronati sunt.
When he had died, Marcus Antoninus alone governed the commonwealth. But in the days of the Parthian war severe persecutions of Christians, now the fourth after Nero, arose by his command in Asia and Gaul, and many of the saints were crowned with martyrdom.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fourth persecution, in Asia and Gaul.
- The martyrs of Lyons and Vienne (Eusebius, Church History 5.1).
Extrabiblical texts: Ep. Lugd. (Letter of the Churches of Vienne and Lyons; allusion)
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.4 (CSEL 5:470–471; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.5CSEL 5:471
secuta est lues plurimis infusa prouinciis, totamque Italiam pestilentia tanta uastauit, ut passim uillae, agri atque oppida sine cultore atque habitatore deserta in ruinas siluasque concesserint.
A plague followed, spread over very many provinces, and so great a pestilence laid waste all Italy that everywhere villas, fields, and towns, deserted without cultivator or inhabitant, gave way to ruins and woods.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Antonine plague.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.5 (CSEL 5:471; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.6CSEL 5:471
exercitum uero Romanum cunctasque legiones per longinqua late hiberna dispositas ita consumptas ferunt, ut Marcomannicum bellum, quod continuo exortum est, non nisi nouo dilectu militum, quem triennio iugiter apud Carnuntium Marcus Antoninus habuit, gestum fuisse referatur.
They say the Roman army and all the legions, placed widely in distant winter quarters, were so consumed that the Marcomannic war, which arose at once, is reported to have been fought only with a new levy of soldiers, which Marcus Antoninus held continuously for three years at Carnuntum.
Notes and citation
Summary: The army is rebuilt for the Marcomannic war.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): canctasque → cunctasque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.6 (CSEL 5:471; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.7CSEL 5:471
hoc quidem bellum prouidentia Dei administratum esse cum plurimis argumentis tum praecipue epistula grauissimi ac modestissimi imperatoris apertissime declaratum est.
That this war was directed by the providence of God has been most plainly declared by very many proofs, but especially by a letter of the most serious and modest emperor.
Notes and citation
Summary: God's providence in the Marcomannic war.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.7 (CSEL 5:471; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.8CSEL 5:471
nam cum insurrexissent gentes inmanitate barbarae, multitudine innumerabiles, hoc est Marcomanni Quadi Vandali Sarmatae Suebi atque omnis paene Germania, et in Quadorum usque fines progressus exercitus circumuentusque ab hostibus propter aquarum penuriam praesentius sitis quam hostis periculum sustineret:
For when peoples barbarous in savagery and countless in number had risen, that is, the Marcomanni, Quadi, Vandals, Sarmatians, Suebi, and almost all Germany, and the army, having advanced as far as the territory of the Quadi and been surrounded by the enemy, was facing, through lack of water, a more present danger from thirst than from the enemy:
Notes and citation
Summary: The army is trapped without water.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.8 (CSEL 5:471; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.9CSEL 5:471–472
ad inuocationem nominis Christi, quam subito magna fidei constantia quidam milites effusi in preces palam fecerunt, tanta uis pluuiae effusa est, ut Romanos quidem largissime ac sine iniuria refecerit, barbaros autem crebris fulminum ictibus perterritos, praesertim cum plurimi eorum occiderentur, in fugam coegerit.
at the invocation of the name of Christ, which certain soldiers suddenly made openly, pouring themselves out in prayers with great constancy of faith, so great a force of rain was poured out that it refreshed the Romans most abundantly and without harm, but drove the barbarians, terrified by frequent strokes of lightning, especially as very many of them were being killed, to flight.
Notes and citation
Summary: The rain miracle.
- The “Thundering Legion”: compare Tertullian, Apology 5.6; Eusebius, Church History 5.5.
Extrabiblical texts: Tertullian, Apol. 5.6 (Apology; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 5.5 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.9 (CSEL 5:471–472; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.10CSEL 5:472
quorum terga Romani usque ad internecionem caedentes gloriosissimam uictoriam et omnibus paene antiquorum titulis praeferendam rudi paruoque militum numero sed potentissimo Christi auxilio reportarunt.
Cutting down their backs to annihilation, the Romans won a most glorious victory, to be preferred to almost all the titles of the ancients, with a raw and small number of soldiers but by the most powerful help of Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: Victory by Christ's help.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.10 (CSEL 5:472; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.11CSEL 5:472
exstare etiam nunc apud plerosque dicuntur litterae imperatoris Antonini, ubi inuocatione nominis Christi per milites Christianos et sitim illam depulsam et conlatam fatetur fuisse uictoriam.
Letters of the emperor Antoninus are said to exist even now among many, in which he confesses that by the invocation of the name of Christ through Christian soldiers both that thirst was driven off and the victory was granted.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcus's letter on the miracle.
Topics: Miracles
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.11 (CSEL 5:472; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.15.12CSEL 5:472
idemque Antoninus Commodum filium suum adsumpsit in regnum; praeteriti etiam temporis per omnes prouincias tributa donauit omniaque simul fiscalium negotiorum calumniosa monumenta congesta in foro iussit incendi seuerioresque leges nouis constitutionibus temperauit. postremo in Pannonia constitutus repentino morbo diem obiit.
The same Antoninus took his son Commodus into the rule; he also remitted the tribute of past time throughout all the provinces, ordered all the slanderous records of fiscal business to be gathered and burned together in the forum, and tempered the more severe laws by new enactments. Finally, stationed in Pannonia, he died of a sudden illness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Marcus's last acts and death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): leges nonis constitutionibus → leges nouis constitutionibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.15.12 (CSEL 5:472; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-15-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 16
7.16.1CSEL 5:472
Anno ab Urbe condita DCCCCXXX Lucius Antoninus Commodus quintus decimus ab Augusto patri successit in regnum mansitque in eo annis xiii.
In the 930th year from the founding of the City, Lucius Antoninus Commodus, fifteenth from Augustus, succeeded his father on the throne and remained in it for thirteen years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Commodus becomes emperor.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): Lucins Antoninns → Lucius Antoninus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.16.1 (CSEL 5:472; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.16.2CSEL 5:472–473
aduersus Germanos bellum feliciter gessit. ceterum per omnia luxuriae et obscenitatis dedecore deprauatus, gladiatoriis quoque armis saepissime in ludo depugnauit et in amphitheatro feris sese frequenter obiecit; interfecit etiam quamplurimos senatores, maxime quos animaduertit nobilitate industriaque excellere.
He waged war successfully against the Germans. But, depraved in everything by the disgrace of luxury and obscenity, he very often fought with gladiatorial arms in the school and often exposed himself to beasts in the amphitheater; he also killed a great many senators, especially those whom he noticed excelling in nobility and energy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Commodus's vices.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): animadnertit → animaduertit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.16.2 (CSEL 5:472–473; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.16.3CSEL 5:473
flagitia regis poena Vrbis insequitur. nam fulmine Capitolium ictum, ex quo facta inflammatio bybliothecam illam, maiorum cura studioque compositam, aedesque alias iuxta sitas rapaci turbine concremauit. deinde aliud incendium postea Romae exortum aedem Vestae et Palatium plurimamque Vrbis partem solo coaequauit.
The punishment of the City follows the crimes of the king. For the Capitol was struck by lightning, and the fire arising from it burned with a ravenous whirlwind that library collected by the care and zeal of the ancestors and other buildings situated nearby. Then another fire arising later at Rome leveled to the ground the temple of Vesta, the Palace, and the greater part of the City.
Notes and citation
Summary: Fires at Rome under Commodus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.16.3 (CSEL 5:473; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.16.4CSEL 5:473
Commodus cunctis incommodus in domo Vestiliani strangulatus interisse fertur, hostis generis humani etiam uiuus iudicatus.
Commodus, troublesome to all, is said to have died strangled in the house of Vestilianus, judged an enemy of the human race even while alive.
Notes and citation
Summary: Commodus is strangled.
- A pun: Commodus incommodus (“troublesome”).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): etiam unius iudicatus → etiam uiuus iudicatus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.16.4 (CSEL 5:473; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.16.5CSEL 5:473
Post hunc a senatu creatus est senex Heluius Pertinax sextus decimus ab Augusto. qui sexto mense quam regnare coeperat Iuliani iuris periti scelere in palatio occisus est.
After him the old man Helvius Pertinax was made emperor by the senate, sixteenth from Augustus. In the sixth month after he began to reign, he was killed in the palace by the crime of Julianus, the jurist.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pertinax is murdered.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Heluius Pertmax → Heluius Pertinax.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.16.5 (CSEL 5:473; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.16.6CSEL 5:473–474
Iulianus interfecto Pertinace inuasit imperium sed mox a Seuero apud pontem Muluium bello ciuili uictus et interfectus est mense septimo postquam coeperat imperare. ita inter Pertinacem et Iulianum unus annus absumptus est.
Julianus, after Pertinax was killed, seized the empire, but was soon defeated in civil war by Severus at the Mulvian bridge and killed in the seventh month after he began to rule. So between Pertinax and Julianus one year was used up.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julianus is defeated by Severus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): lulianus interfecto → Iulianus interfecto.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.16.6 (CSEL 5:473–474; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-16-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 17
7.17.1CSEL 5:474
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCCXLIIII Seuerus, genere Afer Tripolitanus ab oppido Lepti, qui se ex nomine imperatoris, quem occisum ultus fuerat, Pertinacem appellari uoluit, septimus decimus ab Augusto destitutum adeptus imperium XVIII annis tenuit.
In the 944th year from the founding of the City, Severus, an African of Tripolitania from the town of Leptis, who wished to be called Pertinax from the name of the emperor whose murder he had avenged, seventeenth from Augustus, obtained the abandoned empire and held it for eighteen years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Septimius Severus becomes emperor.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (n for u)): Pertinacem appellari noluit → Pertinacem appellari uoluit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.17.1 (CSEL 5:474; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.17.2CSEL 5:474
hic natura saeuus, multis semper bellis lacessitus, fortissime quidem rempublicam sed laboriosissime rexit. Pescennium Nigrum, qui in Aegypto et Syria ad tyrannidem adspirauerat, apud Cyzicum uicit et interfecit. Iudaeos et Samaritas rebellare conantes ferro cohercuit.
He, savage by nature, always provoked by many wars, governed the commonwealth very bravely indeed but most laboriously. He defeated and killed at Cyzicus Pescennius Niger, who had aspired to tyranny in Egypt and Syria. He restrained with the sword the Jews and Samaritans who were attempting to rebel.
Notes and citation
Summary: Severus defeats Niger and the rebels.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): multis semper beliis → multis semper bellis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.17.2 (CSEL 5:474; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.17.4CSEL 5:474
Parthos Arabas Adiabenosque superauit. quinta post Neronem persecutione Christianos excruciauit, plurimique sanctorum per diuersas prouincias martyrio coronati sunt.
He overcame the Parthians, Arabs, and Adiabeni. He tormented the Christians in the fifth persecution after Nero, and very many of the saints were crowned with martyrdom in various provinces.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fifth persecution.
- The staged text has no section 7.17.3.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.17.4 (CSEL 5:474; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.17.5CSEL 5:474
hanc profanam in Christianos et Ecclesiam Dei praesumptionem Seueri caelestis ultio e uestigio acta subsequitur. nam continuo rapitur uel potius retrahitur in Galliam Seuerus e Syria ad tertium ciuile bellum;
This profane presumption of Severus against the Christians and the church of God was followed immediately by heavenly vengeance. For at once Severus was snatched, or rather dragged back, from Syria into Gaul to a third civil war;
Notes and citation
Summary: Heaven avenges the persecution.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.17.5 (CSEL 5:474; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.17.6CSEL 5:474–475
unum iam enim Romae aduersus Iulianum, aliud in Syria contra Pescennium gesserat, tertium Clodius Albinus, Iuliani in occidendo Pertinace socius, qui se in Gallia Caesarem fecerat, suscitabat; cuius bello multum utrimque Romani sanguinis fusum est. Albinus tamen apud Lugdunum oppressus et interfectus est.
for he had already waged one at Rome against Julianus, another in Syria against Pescennius; the third was being stirred up by Clodius Albinus, Julianus's partner in killing Pertinax, who had made himself Caesar in Gaul; in this war much Roman blood was shed on both sides. Albinus, however, was crushed and killed at Lugdunum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Severus defeats Albinus at Lyons.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.17.6 (CSEL 5:474–475; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.17.7CSEL 5:475
Seuerus uictor in Britannias defectu paene omnium sociorum trahitur. ubi magnis grauibusque proeliis saepe gestis receptam partem insulae a ceteris indomitis gentibus uallo distinguendam putauit. itaque magnam fossam firmissimumque uallum, crebris insuper turribus communitum, per centum triginta et duo milia passuum a mari ad mare duxit.
Severus, victorious, was drawn into the Britains by the defection of almost all the allies. There, after often fighting great and heavy battles, he thought that the recovered part of the island should be separated from the other unsubdued peoples by a wall. So he drew a great ditch and a very strong rampart, fortified besides with frequent towers, for a hundred and thirty-two miles from sea to sea.
Notes and citation
Summary: Severus's wall in Britain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.17.7 (CSEL 5:475; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.17.8CSEL 5:475
ibique apud Eboracum oppidum morbo obiit. reliquit duos filios, Bassianum et Getam: quorum Geta hostis publicus indicatus interiit, Bassianus Antonini cognomine adsumpto regno potitus est.
And there he died of disease at the town of Eboracum. He left two sons, Bassianus and Geta: of these Geta, judged a public enemy, died; Bassianus, taking the surname Antoninus, gained the throne.
Notes and citation
Summary: Severus dies at York.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (page number leaked into the digital text): regno potitus est. 504 → regno potitus est..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.17.8 (CSEL 5:475; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-17-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 18
7.18.1CSEL 5:475
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCCLXII Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus idemque Caracalla octauus decimus ab Augusto principatum adeptus est mansitque in eo annis non plenis septem.
In the 962nd year from the founding of the City, Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus, also called Caracalla, eighteenth from Augustus, obtained the principate and remained in it for not quite seven years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caracalla becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.18.1 (CSEL 5:475; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.18.2CSEL 5:475–476
uixit patre asperior, omnibus autem hominibus libidine intemperantior, qui etiam nouercam suam Iuliam uxorem duxerit. hic contra Parthos bellum moliens, inter Edessam et Carras ab hostibus circumuentus occisus est.
He lived harsher than his father, and more intemperate in lust than all men, he who even married his stepmother Julia. Planning war against the Parthians, he was surrounded by the enemy between Edessa and Carrhae and killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caracalla's vices and death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.18.2 (CSEL 5:475–476; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.18.3CSEL 5:476
Post hunc nonus decimus ab Augusto Ophilus Macrinus, qui praefectus praetorio erat, cum filio Diadumeno inuasit imperium sed emenso anno continuo apud Archelaidem militari tumultu occisus est.
After him, nineteenth from Augustus, Opilius Macrinus, who was praetorian prefect, seized the empire with his son Diadumenus, but when a year had passed he was at once killed in a military tumult at Archelais.
Notes and citation
Summary: Macrinus's short reign.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Ophilus Maorinus → Ophilus Macrinus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.18.3 (CSEL 5:476; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.18.4CSEL 5:476
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCCLXX Marcus Aurelius Antoninus uicensimus ab Augusto imperium adeptus tenuit annis quattuor.
In the 970th year from the founding of the City, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, twentieth from Augustus, obtained the empire and held it for four years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elagabalus becomes emperor.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Marcus Aurelins → Marcus Aurelius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.18.4 (CSEL 5:476; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.18.5CSEL 5:476
hic sacerdos Heliogabali templi nullam sui nisi stuprorum flagitiorum totiusque obscenitatis infamem satis memoriam reliquit. tumultu autem militari exorto, Romae cum matre interfectus est.
He, a priest of the temple of Heliogabalus, left no memory of himself except one infamous enough for illicit intercourse, shameful acts, and every obscenity. When a military tumult arose, he was killed at Rome with his mother.
Notes and citation
Summary: Elagabalus's infamy and death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.18.5 (CSEL 5:476; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.18.6CSEL 5:476
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCCLXXIIII Aurelius Alexander uicensimus primus ab Augusto senatus ac militum uoluntate imperator creatus tredecim annis digno aequitatis praeconio fuit:
In the 974th year from the founding of the City, Aurelius Alexander, twenty-first from Augustus, created emperor by the will of the senate and the soldiers, was for thirteen years worthy of the praise of fairness:
Notes and citation
Summary: Severus Alexander becomes emperor.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): senatus ao militum → senatus ac militum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.18.6 (CSEL 5:476; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.18.7CSEL 5:476–477
cuius mater Mamea Christiana Origenem presbyterum audire curauit: nam statim expeditione in Persas facta Xerxen regem eorum maximo bello uictor oppressit.
his mother Mamaea, a Christian, took care to hear Origen the presbyter; for at once, making an expedition against the Persians, he crushed Xerxes their king as victor in a very great war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Mamaea hears Origen; Alexander defeats the Persians.
- Compare Eusebius, Church History 6.21.3–4. “Xerxes” as printed, for Artaxerxes (Ardashir).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): bello nictor → bello uictor.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.21.3-6.21.4 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.18.7 (CSEL 5:476–477; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.18.8CSEL 5:477
Vlpiano usus adsessore summam sui moderationem reipublicae exhibuit; sed militari tumultu apud Mogontiacum interfectus est.
Using Ulpian as his assessor, he showed the commonwealth the greatest moderation; but he was killed in a military tumult at Mogontiacum.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander is killed at Mainz.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.18.8 (CSEL 5:477; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-18-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 19
7.19.1CSEL 5:477
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCCLXXXVII Maximinus uicensimus secundus ab Augusto nulla senatus uoluntate imperator ab exercitu, postquam bellum in Germania prospere gesserat, creatus persecutionem in Christianos sextus a Nerone exercuit.
In the 987th year from the founding of the City, Maximinus, twenty-second from Augustus, created emperor by the army without any will of the senate, after he had waged war successfully in Germany, carried out a persecution against the Christians, the sixth from Nero.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximinus's persecution.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray comma): postquam, bellum → postquam bellum.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.19.1 (CSEL 5:477; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.19.2CSEL 5:477
sed continuo, hoc est tertio quam regnabat anno, a Pupieno Aquileiae interfectus et persecutionis et uitae finem fecit. qui maxime propter Christianam Alexandri, cui successerat, et Mameae matris eius familiam persecutionem in sacerdotes et clericos, id est doctores, uel praecipue propter Origenem presbyterum miserat.
But at once, that is, in the third year of his reign, he was killed by Pupienus at Aquileia and made an end of both persecution and life. He had sent the persecution against the priests and clergy, that is, the teachers, chiefly because of the Christian household of Alexander, whom he had succeeded, and of his mother Mamaea, and especially because of Origen the presbyter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximinus's death; his persecution aimed at clergy.
- Compare Eusebius, Church History 6.28.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.28 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Persecution, Church office
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.19.2 (CSEL 5:477; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.19.3CSEL 5:477–478
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCCLXLI Gordianus uicensimus tertius ab Augusto imperator creatus est mansitque in eo annis sex. nam Pupienus, interfector Maximini, et frater eius Balbinus, qui usurpauerant imperium, in Palatio mox interfecti sunt.
In the 991st year from the founding of the City, Gordian, twenty-third from Augustus, was created emperor and remained in it six years. For Pupienus, the slayer of Maximinus, and his brother Balbinus, who had usurped the empire, were soon killed in the Palace.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gordian III becomes emperor.
- The numeral DCCCCLXLI is translated as printed; “brother” is Orosius's error (Balbinus was Pupienus's colleague).
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.19.3 (CSEL 5:477–478; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.19.4CSEL 5:478
Gordianus admodum puer in Orientem ad bellum Parthicum profecturus, sicut Eutropius scribit, Iani portas aperuit: quas utrum post Vespasianum et Titum aliquis clauserit, neminem scripsisse memini, cum tamen eas ab ipso Vespasiano post annum apertas Cornelius Tacitus prodat.
Gordian, still a mere boy, about to set out to the East for the Parthian war, opened the gates of Janus, as Eutropius writes; whether anyone closed them after Vespasian and Titus I remember no one has written, though Cornelius Tacitus reports that they were opened by Vespasian himself a year later.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gordian opens the gates of Janus.
- Eutropius, Breviarium 9.2; Tacitus in a lost passage. No extrabiblical id exists for Eutropius.
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus (Tacitus; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.19.4 (CSEL 5:478; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.19.5CSEL 5:478
igitur Gordianus ingentibus proeliis aduersum Parthos prospere gestis suorum fraude haud longe a Circesso super Euphraten interfectus est.
So Gordian, having fought huge battles successfully against the Parthians, was killed by the treachery of his own men not far from Circesium on the Euphrates.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gordian is murdered.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.19.5 (CSEL 5:478; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-19-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 20
7.20.1CSEL 5:478
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCCLXLVII Philippus uicensimus quartus ab Augusto imperator creatus Philippum filium suum consortem regni fecit mansitque in eo annis septem.
In the 997th year from the founding of the City, Philip, twenty-fourth from Augustus, was created emperor, made his son Philip partner in the rule, and remained in it seven years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip the Arab becomes emperor.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip (II read as U)): DCCCCLXLVU → DCCCCLXLVII.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.20.1 (CSEL 5:478; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-20-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-20-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.20.2CSEL 5:478–479
hic primus imperatorum omnium Christianus fuit ac post tertium imperii eius annum millesimus a conditione Romae annus impletus est. ita magnificis ludis augustissimus omnium praeteritorum hic natalis annus a Christiano imperatore celebratus est.
He was the first of all the emperors to be a Christian, and after the third year of his rule the thousandth year from the founding of Rome was completed. So this birthday year, the most august of all past ones, was celebrated with magnificent games by a Christian emperor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip, the first Christian emperor, celebrates Rome's millennium.
- The claim that Philip was a Christian is in Eusebius, Church History 6.34; it is disputed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): imperatore celebratos est → imperatore celebratus est.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.34 (Church History; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.20.2 (CSEL 5:478–479; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-20-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-20-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.20.3CSEL 5:479
nec dubium est, quin Philippus huius tantae deuotionis gratiam et honorem ad Christum et Ecclesiam reportarit, quando uel ascensum fuisse in Capitolium immolatasque ex more hostias nullus auctor ostendit.
Nor is there doubt that Philip directed the grace and honor of this great devotion to Christ and the church, since no author shows either that there was an ascent to the Capitol or that victims were sacrificed according to custom.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philip did not sacrifice at the Capitol.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.20.3 (CSEL 5:479; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-20-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-20-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.20.4CSEL 5:479
ambo tamen quamuis diuersis locis tumultu militari et Decii fraude interfecti sunt.
Both, however, though in different places, were killed by a military tumult and the treachery of Decius.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Philips are killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.20.4 (CSEL 5:479; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-20-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-20-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 21
7.21.1CSEL 5:479
Anno ab Vrbe condita millesimo quarto Decius, ciuilis belli incentor et repressor, occisis Philippis uicensimus quintus ab Augusto inuasit imperium tenuitque annis tribus.
In the 1004th year from the founding of the City, Decius, instigator and suppressor of civil war, having killed the Philips, seized the empire, twenty-fifth from Augustus, and held it three years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Decius becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.21.1 (CSEL 5:479; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.21.2CSEL 5:479
idem continuo, in quo se etiam ob hoc Philippos interfecisse docuit, ad persequendos interficiendosque Christianos septimus post Neronem feralia dispersit edicta plurimosque sanctorum ad coronas Christi de suis crucibus misit.
The same man at once, in a way by which he also showed that he had killed the Philips for this reason, scattered deadly edicts, the seventh after Nero, for persecuting and killing Christians, and sent very many of the saints from their crosses to the crowns of Christ.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Decian persecution.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.21.2 (CSEL 5:479; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.21.3CSEL 5:479
idemque filium suum Caesarem legit: cum quo simul continuo in medio barbarorum sinu interfectus est.
And the same man chose his son as Caesar: with him he was soon killed at the same time in the middle of the barbarians' territory.
Notes and citation
Summary: Decius dies with his son.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.21.3 (CSEL 5:479; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.21.4CSEL 5:479–480
Anno ab Vrbe condita millesimo septimo Gallus Hostilianus uicensimus sextus ab Augusto regnum adeptus uix duobus annis cum Volusiano filio obtinuit.
In the 1007th year from the founding of the City, Gallus Hostilianus, twenty-sixth from Augustus, obtained the rule and held it barely two years with his son Volusianus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gallus becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.21.4 (CSEL 5:479–480; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.21.5CSEL 5:480
exeritur ultio uiolati nominis Christiani et usquequo ad profligandas ecclesias edicta Decii cucurrerunt, eatenus incredibilium morborum pestis extenditur: nulla fere prouincia Romana, nulla ciuitas, nulla domus fuit, quae non illa generali pestilentia correpta atque uacuata sit.
The punishment for the violated Christian name is carried out, and as far as the edicts of Decius ran for the ruin of the churches, so far the plague of incredible diseases extended: there was almost no Roman province, no city, no house which was not seized and emptied by that general pestilence.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plague follows the persecution.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): exeritnr → exeritur.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.21.5 (CSEL 5:480; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.21.6CSEL 5:480
hac sola pernicie insignes Gallus et Volusianus dum contra Aemilianum nouis rebus studentem bellum ciuile moliuntur, occisi sunt. Aemilianus tamen tertio mense inuasae tyrannidis extinctus est.
Gallus and Volusianus, notable for this ruin alone, were killed while they were preparing civil war against Aemilianus, who was striving for revolution. Aemilianus, however, died in the third month of the tyranny he had seized.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gallus and Aemilianus die.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Aemilianum nonis rebus → Aemilianum nouis rebus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.21.6 (CSEL 5:480; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-21-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 22
7.22.1CSEL 5:480–481
Anno ab Vrbe condita millesimo decimo duo imperatores uicensimo septimo post Augustum loco creati sunt: Valerianus in Raetia ab exercitu Augustus appellatus, Romae autem a senatu Gallienus Caesar creatus; mansitque Gallienus in regno infeliciter annis xv, respirante paulisper ab illa supra solitum iugi et graui pestilentia genere humano. prouocat poenam suam obliuiosa malitia. impietas enim flagella quidem excruciata sentit, sed a quo flagellatur, obdurata non sentit.
In the 1010th year from the founding of the City, two emperors were created in the twenty-seventh place after Augustus: Valerian was hailed Augustus by the army in Raetia, while at Rome Gallienus was created Caesar by the senate; and Gallienus remained in the rule unhappily for fifteen years, the human race breathing again a little from that unusually continuous and heavy pestilence. Forgetful malice provokes its own punishment. For impiety, when tormented, feels the whips, but, hardened, does not feel by whom it is whipped.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valerian and Gallienus; impiety does not learn.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.1 (CSEL 5:480–481; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.2CSEL 5:481
ut de superioribus taceam, facta a Decio Christianorum persecutione totum Romanum imperium pestilentia magna uexauit. mentita est iniquitas sibi, prauo in perniciem suam circumuenta iudicio, pestilentiam communis casus esse accidentemque ex morbis mortem naturae finem esse non poenam.
To say nothing of earlier events, when the persecution of Christians had been carried out by Decius, a great pestilence harried the whole Roman empire. Iniquity lied to itself, deceived by a perverse judgment to its own ruin, that pestilence was a common chance and that death arising from diseases was the end of nature, not a punishment.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans called the plague natural.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.2 (CSEL 5:481; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.3CSEL 5:481
rursus igitur atque in breui iram Dei sceleratis actionibus prouocat exceptura plagam, cuius aliquandiu meminisse cogatur. Valerianus siquidem mox ut arripuit imperium octauus a Nerone, adigi per tormenta Christianos ad idololatriam abnegantesque interfici iussit, fuso per omnem Romani regni latitudinem sanctorum sanguine.
So again and in a short time it provokes the wrath of God by wicked deeds, about to receive a blow which it would be forced to remember for some time. For Valerian, as soon as he seized the empire, eighth from Nero, ordered Christians to be driven by tortures to idolatry and those who refused to be killed, the blood of the saints being poured out throughout the whole breadth of the Roman realm.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valerian's persecution.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.3 (CSEL 5:481; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.4CSEL 5:481–482
Valerianus ilico, nefarii auctor edicti, a Sapore Persarum rege captus, imperator populi Romani ignominiosissima apud Persas seruitute consenuit, hoc infamis officii continua, donec uixit, damnatione sortitus, ut ipse adclinis humi regem semper, ascensurum in equum, non manu sua sed dorso attolleret.
Valerian, the author of the wicked edict, was at once captured by Sapor, king of the Persians, and, emperor of the Roman people, grew old in most ignominious servitude among the Persians, condemned for as long as he lived to this continual infamous duty: that, bending down on the ground, he should always raise the king, when about to mount his horse, not with his hand but with his back.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valerian is captured by Sapor.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Yalerianus ilico → Valerianus ilico.
Extrabiblical texts: Lactantius, Mort. 5 (On the Deaths of the Persecutors; allusion)
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.4 (CSEL 5:481–482; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.5CSEL 5:482
et Gallienus quidem tam claro Dei iudicio territus tamque misero collegae permotus exemplo pacem ecclesiis trepida satisfactione restituit. sed non conpensat iniuriae ultionisque mensuram unius impii quamuis perpetua et super modum abominanda captiuitas contra tot milia excruciata sanctorum, iustorumque sanguis ad Deum clamans in eadem sese terra, ubi fusus est, uindicari rogat.
And Gallienus indeed, terrified by so clear a judgment of God and moved by the wretched example of his colleague, restored peace to the churches with anxious satisfaction. But the captivity of one impious man, however perpetual and beyond measure abominable, does not make up the measure of the wrong and the vengeance against so many thousands of tortured saints; and the blood of the righteous, crying to God, asks to be avenged in the same land where it was shed.
Gen 4:10 (allusion, medium confidence) · Rev 6:10 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: One man's captivity does not avenge so much blood.
- Compare Gen 4:10; Rev 6:10.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): sese.terra → sese terra.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.5 (CSEL 5:482; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.6CSEL 5:482–483
non enim de solo constitutore praecepti iusto supplicium iudicio flagitabatur sed etiam exsecutores delatores accusatores spectatores ac iudices, postremo omnes qui iniustissimae crudelitati uel tacita uoluntate adsentabantur — quia Deus secretorum cognitor est — quorum maxima per omnes prouincias pars hominum uersabatur, eadem ultionis plaga corripi iustum erat. soluuntur repente undique permissu Dei ad hoc circumpositae relictaeque gentes laxatisque habenis in omnes Romanorum fines inuehuntur.
For punishment was demanded by just judgment not only of the one who made the decree, but it was just that the executors, informers, accusers, spectators, and judges, and finally all who assented to that most unjust cruelty even by silent will (since God knows secret things), of whom the greater part of men in all the provinces consisted, should be seized by the same blow of vengeance. Suddenly, by God's permission, the peoples placed round about and left for this purpose are loosed on all sides and, with reins slackened, burst into all the territories of the Romans.
Notes and citation
Summary: God unleashes the barbarians.
- “God knows secret things”: compare Sus 42 (Dan 13:42 Vulg.).
Extrabiblical texts: Sus 42 (Susanna [in RC, EO, ETH canons]; allusion)
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.6 (CSEL 5:482–483; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.7CSEL 5:483
Germani Alpibus Raetia totaque Italia penetrata Rauennam usque perueniunt; Alamanni Gallias peruagantes etiam in Italiam transeunt; Graecia Macedonia Pontus Asia Gothorum inundatione deletur; nam Dacia trans Danuuium in perpetuum aufertur; Quadi et Sarmatae Pannonias depopulantur; Germani ulteriores abrasa potiuntur Hispania; Parthi Mesopotamiam auferunt Syriamque conradunt.
The Germans, having penetrated the Alps, Raetia, and all Italy, reach as far as Ravenna; the Alamanni, ranging through the Gauls, cross even into Italy; Greece, Macedonia, Pontus, and Asia are destroyed by the flood of the Goths; for Dacia beyond the Danube is taken away forever; the Quadi and Sarmatians ravage the Pannonias; the farther Germans, having stripped Spain, take possession of it; the Parthians carry off Mesopotamia and scrape Syria bare.
Notes and citation
Summary: Invasions on every frontier.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; wrong letter in the digital text): Itałia → Italia; in ltaliam → in Italiam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.7 (CSEL 5:483; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.8CSEL 5:483
exstant adhuc per diuersas prouincias in magnarum urbium ruinis paruae et pauperes sedes, signa miseriarum et nominum indicia seruantes, ex quibus nos quoque in Hispania Tarraconem nostram ad consolationem miseriae recentis ostendimus.
There still exist in various provinces, among the ruins of great cities, small and poor dwellings, preserving signs of the miseries and traces of the names, among which we too in Spain point to our Tarraco as a consolation for the recent misery.
Notes and citation
Summary: Ruined cities still show the damage.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ei quibus nos → ex quibus nos.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.8 (CSEL 5:483; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.9CSEL 5:483–484
et ne quid forte Romani corporis ab hac dilaceratione cessaret, conspirant intrinsecus tyranni, consurgunt bella ciuilia, funditur ubique plurimus sanguis Romanorum Romanis barbarisque saeuientibus; sed cito ira Dei in misericordiam uertitur et coeptae ultionis maior forma quam poena in mensuram plenitudinis reputatur.
And lest any part of the Roman body perhaps should be spared this tearing apart, tyrants conspire within, civil wars arise, very much Roman blood is shed everywhere, Romans and barbarians raging alike; but quickly the wrath of God is turned to mercy, and the form of the vengeance begun is reckoned greater than the punishment in the measure of its fullness.
Notes and citation
Summary: Usurpers add to the ruin, but God relents.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.9 (CSEL 5:483–484; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.10CSEL 5:484
igitur primus Genuus, qui purpuram imperii sumpserat, apud Myrsam occiditur. Postumus in Gallia inuasit tyrannidem, multo quidem reipublicae commodo, nam per decem annos ingenti uirtute ac moderatione usus et dominantes hostes expulit et perditas prouincias in pristinam faciem reformauit; seditione tamen militum interfectus est.
So first Genuus, who had taken the purple of empire, was killed at Mursa. Postumus seized the tyranny in Gaul, indeed to the great advantage of the commonwealth, for for ten years, using great courage and moderation, he both drove out the dominating enemy and restored the lost provinces to their former condition; he was nevertheless killed in a mutiny of soldiers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Genuus and Postumus.
- “Genuus” as printed, for Ingenuus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): Postumus in Gallia. inuasit → Postumus in Gallia inuasit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.10 (CSEL 5:484; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.11CSEL 5:484
Aemilianus apud Mogontiacum cum res nouas moliretur oppressus est. post mortem Postumi Marius ibidem inuasit imperium sed continuo interfectus est. deinde Victorinus a Gallis ultro creatus et post paululum occisus est.
Aemilianus was crushed at Mogontiacum while he was plotting revolution. After the death of Postumus, Marius seized the empire in the same place but was at once killed. Then Victorinus was created by the Gauls of their own accord and was killed a little later.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Gallic usurpers.
- “Aemilianus” as printed, for Laelianus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): res nonas → res nouas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.11 (CSEL 5:484; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.12CSEL 5:484
huic successit Tetricus, qui tunc Aquitanicae praesidatus administrabat officium. multas seditiones militum pertulit. at uero in Oriente per Odenatum quendam collecta agresti manu uicti repulsique Persae, defensa Syria, recepta Mesopotamia est, et usque ad Ctesiphontem rusticani Syriae cum Odenato suo uincendo uenerunt.
He was succeeded by Tetricus, who was then administering the office of governor of Aquitania. He endured many mutinies of soldiers. But in the East, by a certain Odenathus with a band of country people gathered, the Persians were defeated and driven back, Syria defended, Mesopotamia recovered, and the peasants of Syria with their Odenathus came, conquering, as far as Ctesiphon.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tetricus in Gaul; Odenathus in the East.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.12 (CSEL 5:484; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.22.13CSEL 5:484–485
Gallienus autem cum rempublicam deseruisset ac Mediolani libidinibus inseruiret, occisus est
Gallienus, when he had deserted the commonwealth and was serving his lusts at Mediolanum, was killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gallienus is killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Gallienus autem eum → Gallienus autem cum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.22.13 (CSEL 5:484–485; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-22-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 23
7.23.1CSEL 5:485
Anno ab Vrbe condita MXXV Claudius uicesimus octauus uoluntate senatus sumpsit imperium statimque Gothos iam per annos quindecim Illyricum Macedoniamque uastantes bello adortus incredibili strage deleuit. cui a senatu clipeus aureus in curia et in Capitolio statua aeque aurea decreta est; sed continuo apud Sirmium, priusquam biennium in imperio expleret, morbo correptus interiit.
In the 1025th year from the founding of the City, Claudius, twenty-eighth, took the empire by the will of the senate, and at once attacked in war the Goths, who had already been laying waste Illyricum and Macedonia for fifteen years, and destroyed them with incredible slaughter. For this the senate decreed him a golden shield in the senate house and a statue, likewise of gold, on the Capitol; but at once, at Sirmium, before he completed two years in the empire, he was seized by disease and died.
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius Gothicus defeats the Goths.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.23.1 (CSEL 5:485; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.23.2CSEL 5:485
Claudio mortuo Quintillus frater eius ab exercitu imperator electus, uir quidem unicae moderationis et solus fratri praeferendus, septimo decimo die imperii interfectus est.
When Claudius died, his brother Quintillus was chosen emperor by the army, a man indeed of unique moderation and alone to be preferred to his brother; he was killed on the seventeenth day of his rule.
Notes and citation
Summary: Quintillus's brief reign.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.23.2 (CSEL 5:485; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.23.3CSEL 5:485
Anno ab Vrbe condita MXXVII Aurelianus uicesimus nonus imperium adeptus quinque annis ac sex mensibus tenuit, uir industria militari excellentissimus.
In the 1027th year from the founding of the City, Aurelian, twenty-ninth, obtained the empire and held it five years and six months, a man most excellent in military energy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aurelian becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.23.3 (CSEL 5:485; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.23.4CSEL 5:485–486
expeditione in Danuuium suscepta Gothos magnis proeliis profligauit dicionemque Romanam antiquis terminis statuit. inde in Orientem conuersus Zenobiam, quae occiso Odenato marito suo Syriam receptam sibi uindicabat, magis proelii terrore quam proelio in potestatem redegit.
Having undertaken an expedition to the Danube, he routed the Goths in great battles and fixed Roman rule at its ancient boundaries. Then turning to the East, he brought Zenobia, who after the killing of her husband Odenathus was claiming recovered Syria for herself, into his power more by the terror of battle than by battle.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aurelian defeats the Goths and Zenobia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.23.4 (CSEL 5:485–486; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.23.5CSEL 5:486
Tetricum, in Gallia minime sufficientem sustinere seditiones militum suorum scribentemque etiam: Eripe me his, inuicte, malis ac per hoc proditorem exercitus sui, sine labore superauit. sic Orientis et Aquilonis receptor magna gloria triumphauit.
Tetricus, quite unable in Gaul to bear the mutinies of his soldiers, and even writing “Rescue me, unconquered one, from these evils,” and so a betrayer of his own army, he overcame without effort. So, as recoverer of the East and North, he triumphed with great glory.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tetricus surrenders; Aurelian's triumph.
- Virgil, Aeneid 6.365, quoted by Tetricus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split across sections; completed in 7.23.6): magna gloria triumphauit. ur- → magna gloria triumphauit..
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Aen. 6.365 (Virgil; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.23.5 (CSEL 5:486; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.23.6CSEL 5:486
urbem Romam muris firmioribus cinxit nouissime cum persecutionem aduersus Christianos agi nonus a Nerone decerneret, fulmen ante eum magno pauore circumstantium ruit ac non multo post in itinere occisus est.
He surrounded the city of Rome with stronger walls. At last, when he was decreeing that a persecution be carried out against the Christians, ninth from Nero, a thunderbolt fell in front of him to the great terror of those standing around, and not long after he was killed on a journey.
Notes and citation
Summary: Aurelian's persecution and death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; word split across sections in the digital text): bem Romam → urbem Romam; nouissime pum → nouissime cum.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.23.6 (CSEL 5:486; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-23-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 24
7.24.1CSEL 5:486–487
Anno ab Vrbe condita MXXXII Tacitus tricesimus adeptus imperium sexto mense occisus in Ponto est. post quem Florianus parem regni sortem ferens, tertio demum mense apud Tarsum interfectus est.
In the 1032nd year from the founding of the City, Tacitus, thirtieth, having obtained the empire, was killed in Pontus in the sixth month. After him Florianus, bearing a like lot of rule, was killed at Tarsus in only the third month.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus and Florianus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.24.1 (CSEL 5:486–487; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-24-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-24-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.24.2CSEL 5:487
Anno ab Vrbe condita MXXXIII Probus tricesimus primus regnum sortitus obtinuit annis sex et mensibus quattuor. Gallias iam dudum a barbaris occupatas per multa et grauia proelia deletis tandem hostibus ad perfectum liberauit.
In the 1033rd year from the founding of the City, Probus, thirty-first, allotted the rule, held it six years and four months. He completely freed the Gauls, long occupied by barbarians, through many heavy battles, at last destroying the enemy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Probus frees Gaul.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.24.2 (CSEL 5:487; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-24-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-24-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.24.3CSEL 5:487
bella deinde ciuilia equidem plurimo sanguine duo gessit: unum in Oriente, quo Saturninum tyrannide subnixum oppressit et cepit, aliud, quo Proculum et Bonosum apud Agrippinam magnis proeliis superatos interfecit. ipse autem apud Sirmium in turre ferrata militari tumultu interfectus est.
Then he waged two civil wars indeed with very much blood: one in the East, in which he crushed and captured Saturninus, who was relying on tyranny; the other, in which he defeated Proculus and Bonosus at Agrippina in great battles and killed them. He himself was killed at Sirmium in an iron-clad tower in a military tumult.
Notes and citation
Summary: Probus's civil wars and death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; misplaced full stop): bella deiade → bella deinde; in Oriente. quo → in Oriente, quo.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.24.3 (CSEL 5:487; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-24-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-24-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.24.4CSEL 5:487–488
Anno ab Vrbe condita MXXXVIIII Carus Narbonensis tricesimus secundus suscepit imperium ac biennio tenuit. qui cum filios suos Carinum et Numerianum consortes regni effecisset, bello Parthico postquam duas nobilissimas Parthorum urbes Cochem et Ctesiphontem cepit, super Tigridem in castris fulmine ictus interiit. Numerianus, qui cum patre fuerat, rediens fraude Apri soceri sui interfectus est.
In the 1039th year from the founding of the City, Carus of Narbo, thirty-second, took up the empire and held it two years. When he had made his sons Carinus and Numerian partners in the rule, in the Parthian war, after he had taken two very famous cities of the Parthians, Coche and Ctesiphon, he died in camp on the Tigris struck by lightning. Numerian, who had been with his father, was killed on his return by the treachery of Aper, his father-in-law.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carus and Numerian die.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray letter): interfectus est. i → interfectus est..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.24.4 (CSEL 5:487–488; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-24-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-24-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).