Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.2.1–7.8.9
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 7, chapter 2
7.2.1CSEL 5:434
Principio secandi libelli cum tempora Romanae conditionis stili tenore perstringerem, multa conuenienter inter Babylonam urbem Assyriorum tunc principem gentium et Romam aeque nunc gentibus dominantem conpacta conscripsi:
At the beginning of the second book, when I was touching in my course of writing on the times of the founding of Rome, I wrote out many things fittingly arranged between the city of Babylon, then chief of the nations of the Assyrians, and Rome, which now likewise rules the nations:
Notes and citation
Summary: Recalling the Babylon–Rome parallel.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.1 (CSEL 5:434; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.2CSEL 5:434
fuisse illud primum, hoc ultimum imperium; illud paulatim cedens, at istud sensim conualescens; defluxisse illi sub uno tempore nouissimum regem, cum isti primum fuisse; illam deinde tunc inuadente Cyro captam uelut in mortem concidisse, cum istam fiducialiter adsurgentem post expulsos reges liberis uti coepisse consiliis;
that the one was the first empire, the other the last; that the one gradually gave way, while the other gradually grew strong; that the one lost its last king at the same time as the other had its first; that the one, then captured as Cyrus invaded, fell as if into death, while the other, rising confidently after the kings were expelled, began to use free counsels;
Notes and citation
Summary: The parallel between Babylon and Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.2 (CSEL 5:434; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.3CSEL 5:434–435
praecipue cum, uindicante libertatem suam Roma, tunc quoque Iudaeorum populus, qui apud Babylonam sub regibus seruiebat, in sanctam Hierusalem recepta libertate redierit templumque Domini, sicut a prophetis praedictum fuerat, reformarit.
especially since, when Rome was asserting her liberty, then too the people of the Jews, who were in servitude under kings at Babylon, having received their liberty, returned to holy Jerusalem and rebuilt the temple of the Lord, as had been foretold by the prophets.
Jer 29:10 (allusion, low confidence) · Ezra 1:1–4 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Jews' return coincided with Rome's freedom.
- Compare Jer 29:10; Ezra 1:1–4.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray comma): sicut a, prophetis → sicut a prophetis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.3 (CSEL 5:434–435; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.4CSEL 5:435
praeterea intercessisse dixeram inter Babylonium regnum, quod ab oriente fuerat, et Romanum, quod ab occidente consurgens hereditati orientis enutriebatur, Macedonicum Africanumque regnum, hoc est quasi a meridie ac septentrione breuibus uicibus partes tutoris curatorisque tenuisse.
Moreover, I had said that between the Babylonian kingdom, which had been from the east, and the Roman, which, rising from the west, was nourished on the inheritance of the east, there intervened the Macedonian and African kingdoms, which, as it were from south and north, held for short turns the parts of guardian and trustee.
Notes and citation
Summary: The intervening empires were guardians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.4 (CSEL 5:435; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.5CSEL 5:435
orientis et occidentis regnum Babylonium et Romanum iure uocitari, neminem umquam dubitasse scio; Macedonicum regnum sub septentrione cum ipsa caeli plaga tum Alexandri Magni arae positae usque ad nunc sub Riphaeis montibus docent;
That the Babylonian and Roman kingdoms are rightly called the kingdoms of the east and west, I know that no one has ever doubted; that the Macedonian kingdom was under the north is shown both by the region of the sky itself and by the altars of Alexander the Great, set up under the Riphaean mountains down to now;
Notes and citation
Summary: The four kingdoms and the four quarters.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.5 (CSEL 5:435; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.6CSEL 5:435
Carthaginem uero uniuersae praecelluisse Africae et non solum in Siciliam Sardiniam ceterasque adiacentes insulas sed etiam in Hispaniam regni terminos tetendisse, historiarum simul monumenta urbiumque declarant.
that Carthage surpassed all Africa and extended the bounds of its kingdom not only to Sicily, Sardinia, and the other neighboring islands but also into Spain, the records of histories and of cities together declare.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carthage was the southern kingdom.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.6 (CSEL 5:435; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.7CSEL 5:435
dictum est etiam, uastatae per Medos Babyloniae et inruptae per Gothos Romae pares admodum annorum numeros cucurrisse.
It was also said that the devastation of Babylon by the Medes and the breaking into Rome by the Goths ran through quite equal numbers of years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon's fall and Rome's sack.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.7 (CSEL 5:435; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.8CSEL 5:435
Nunc autem his illud adicio, quo magis clareat unum esse arbitrum saeculorum regnorum locorumque omnium Deum.
Now to these I add this, by which it may be clearer that the one God is the judge of all ages, kingdoms, and places.
Notes and citation
Summary: One God judges all ages.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.8 (CSEL 5:435; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.9CSEL 5:435–436
regnum Carthaginiense a conditione usque ad euersionem eius, paulo amplius quam septingentis annis stetit, aeque regnum Macedonicum a Carano usque ad Persen paulo minus quam septingentis; utrumque tamen septenarius ille numerus, quo iudicantur omnia, terminauit.
The Carthaginian kingdom, from its founding to its overthrow, stood a little more than seven hundred years; likewise the Macedonian kingdom, from Caranus to Perseus, a little less than seven hundred; yet that number seven, by which all things are judged, ended both.
Notes and citation
Summary: The number seven in the fate of kingdoms.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.9 (CSEL 5:435–436; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.10CSEL 5:436
Roma ipsa etiam, quamuis ad aduentum Domini Iesu Christi perfecto proueheretur imperio, tamen paululum et ipsa in occursu numeri huius offendit.
Rome too herself, although she was being advanced to a perfect empire toward the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ, nevertheless stumbled a little herself on meeting this number.
Notes and citation
Summary: Rome too met the number seven.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Roma ipsa etiam, quamnis → Roma ipsa etiam, quamuis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.10 (CSEL 5:436; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.11CSEL 5:436
nam septingentesimo conditionis suae anno quattuordecim uicos eius incertum unde consurgens flamma consumpsit, nec umquam, ut ait Liuius, maiore incendio uastata est; adeo, ut post aliquot annos Caesar Augustus ad reparationem eorum, quae tunc exusta erant, magnam uim pecuniae ex aerario publico largitus sit.
For in the seven hundredth year from her founding a flame, rising no one knows from where, consumed fourteen of her quarters, and never, as Livy says, was she laid waste by a greater fire; so much so that some years later Caesar Augustus gave a great sum of money from the public treasury for the repair of what had then been burned.
Notes and citation
Summary: The fire in Rome's seven hundredth year.
- Livy, in a lost book.
Extrabiblical texts: Livy (Livy, History of Rome; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.11 (CSEL 5:436; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.12CSEL 5:436
poteram quoque ostendere eundem duplicatum numerum mansisse Babyloniae, quae post mille quadringentos et quod excurrit annos ultime a Cyro rege capta est, nisi praesentium contemplatione reuocarer.
I could also show that the same number doubled remained for Babylon, which was finally captured by King Cyrus after fourteen hundred years and somewhat more, were I not called back by consideration of present matters.
Notes and citation
Summary: Babylon's fourteen hundred years.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.12 (CSEL 5:436; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.13CSEL 5:436
illud sane libenter adicio, quia primi illius regum omnium Nini — quamuis et pater eius Belus obscure primus regnasse referatur — illius ergo Nini anno, postquam regnare coeperat, quadragensimo tertio natus est sanctus ille Abraham, cui dictae sunt repromissiones, ex cuius semine promissus est Christus;
This I gladly add: that in the forty-third year after Ninus, first of all kings, began to reign (although his father Belus is obscurely said to have reigned first), in that forty-third year of Ninus, I say, holy Abraham was born, to whom the promises were spoken, and from whose seed Christ was promised;
Gal 3:16 (allusion, high confidence) · Gen 22:18 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Abraham was born in Ninus's forty-third year.
- “The promises were spoken … from his seed”: compare Gal 3:16; Gen 22:18. The dating follows the Chronicle of Eusebius and Jerome.
Extrabiblical texts: Chron. (Eusebius and Jerome, Chronicle; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.13 (CSEL 5:436; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.14CSEL 5:436–437
deinde nunc primi istius imperatorum omnium Augusti Caesaris — quamuis et pater eius Caesar metator imperii potius quam imperator exstiterit — istius ergo Caesaris, posteaquam imperare coepit, emenso propemodum anno quadragensimo secundo natus est Christus, qui Abrahae sub Nino primo rege fuerat repromissus.
then now, that of this first of all emperors, Augustus Caesar (although his father Caesar was rather the surveyor of the empire than its emperor), of this Caesar, I say, when nearly the forty-second year after he began to rule had passed, Christ was born, who had been promised to Abraham under Ninus, the first king.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ was born in Augustus's forty-second year.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.14 (CSEL 5:436–437; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.15CSEL 5:437
natus est autem VIII kalendas Ianuarias, cum primum incrementa omnia anni uenientis incipiunt. ita factum est, ut, cum Abraham quadragensimo tertio anno natus sit, sub fine quadragensimi secundi natiuitas Christi conueniret, ut iam non ipse in parte tertii anni sed in ipso potius tertius annus oreretur.
And he was born on the eighth day before the Kalends of January, when all the increases of the coming year first begin. So it came about that, since Abraham was born in the forty-third year, the birth of Christ fell at the end of the forty-second, so that he himself was not born in part of the third year, but rather the third year was born in him.
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ was born on 25 December.
- The eighth day before the Kalends of January is 25 December, when the days begin to lengthen.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.15 (CSEL 5:437; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.2.16CSEL 5:437
qui annus quantis, quam nouis quamque inusitatis bonis abundauerit, satis etiam me non proferente compertum haberi arbitror: toto terrarum orbe una pax omnium non cessatione sed abolitione bellorum, clausae Iani geminae portae extirpatis bellorum radicibus non repressis, census ille primus et maximus, cum in hoc unum Caesaris nomen uniuersa magnarum gentium creatura iurauit simulque per communionem census unius societatis effecta est.
How greatly that year abounded in how new and unusual goods, I think is well enough known even without my setting it out: over the whole world one peace for all, not by a cessation but by an abolition of wars; the twin gates of Janus closed, the roots of wars torn out, not held back; that first and greatest census, when the whole creation of great nations swore by this one name of Caesar and at the same time was made one fellowship by sharing in the census.
Notes and citation
Summary: The blessings of the year of Christ's birth.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; missing punctuation; stray period): quam nonis quamque → quam nouis quamque; orbe una. pax → orbe una pax; non repressis census → non repressis, census.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.2.16 (CSEL 5:437; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-2-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 3
7.3.1CSEL 5:437–438
Igitur anno ab Vrbe condita DCCLII natus est Christus salutarem mundo adferens fidem, uere petra medio rerum posita, ubi comminueretur qui offenderet, qui crederet saluaretur; uere ignis ardens, quem qui sequitur inluminatur, qui temptat exuritur;
So in the 752nd year from the founding of the City Christ was born, bringing to the world the saving faith, truly a rock set in the middle of things, on which whoever stumbled would be broken and whoever believed would be saved; truly a burning fire, which enlightens whoever follows it and burns whoever tempts it;
Luke 20:18 (allusion, medium confidence) · Rom 9:33 (echo, low confidence) · Heb 12:29 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ, the rock and the fire.
- Compare Luke 20:18; Isa 8:14; Rom 9:33; and Deut 4:24; Heb 12:29.
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.1 (CSEL 5:437–438; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.2CSEL 5:438
ipse est Christus, Christianorum caput, saluator bonorum, malorum punitor, iudex omnium, qui formam subsecuturis uerbo et opere statuens, quo magis doceret patientes in persecutionibus, quas pro uita aeterna exciperent, esse oportere, mox ut uirginis partu editus mundo apparuit, de passionibus suis coepit. namque eum rex Iudaeae Herodes simul ut natum conperit, necare decreuit plurimosque tunc paruulos, dum unum insectatur, occidit.
he is Christ, the head of Christians, the savior of the good, the punisher of the wicked, the judge of all, who, setting a pattern by word and deed for those who would follow, so as to teach the more that they must be patient in the persecutions they would undergo for eternal life, as soon as he appeared to the world, brought forth by a virgin's childbearing, began from his sufferings. For Herod, king of Judea, as soon as he learned he was born, resolved to kill him, and, while hunting one, killed very many little children.
Matt 2:16 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ's sufferings began with Herod.
- Matt 2:16.
Topics: Christology, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.2 (CSEL 5:438; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.3CSEL 5:438
hinc malignis inprobe incurrentibus digna punitio est; hinc, in quantum tranquille agitur mundus, credentium gratia, in quantum perniciose inquietatur, blasphemantium poena est, securis per omnia fidelibus Christianis, quibus aut aeternae uitae requies in tuto aut etiam huius in lucro est. quod promptius cum per ordinem referam, ipsis rebus ostendam.
Hence there is fitting punishment for the malicious who wickedly attack; hence, as far as the world is governed peacefully, it is the grace of believers, and as far as it is ruinously disturbed, it is the punishment of blasphemers, while faithful Christians are secure in all things, for whom there is either the rest of eternal life in safety or even gain in this life. When I relate this more readily in order, I shall show it by the facts themselves.
Notes and citation
Summary: Peace is a grace for believers, trouble a punishment for blasphemers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.3 (CSEL 5:438; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.4CSEL 5:438
postquam redemptor mundi, Dominus Iesus Christus, uenit in terras et Caesaris censu ciuis Romanus adscriptus est, dum per duodecim, ut dixi, annos clausae belli portae beatissima pacis tranquillitate cohibentur, Gaium nepotem suum Caesar Augustus ad ordinandas Aegypti Syriaeque prouincias misit.
After the Redeemer of the world, the Lord Jesus Christ, came to earth and was enrolled as a Roman citizen in Caesar's census, while for twelve years, as I said, the gates of war remained closed in the most blessed tranquility of peace, Caesar Augustus sent his grandson Gaius to order the provinces of Egypt and Syria.
Notes and citation
Summary: Augustus sends Gaius to the East.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.4 (CSEL 5:438; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.5CSEL 5:438–439
qui praeteriens ab Aegypto fines Palaestinae, apud Hierosolymam in templo Dei tunc sancto et celebri adorare contempsit, sicut Suetonius Tranquillus refert. quod Augustus ubi per eum conperit, prauo usus iudicio prudenter fecisse laudauit.
He, passing from Egypt by the borders of Palestine, scorned to worship in the temple of God at Jerusalem, then holy and celebrated, as Suetonius Tranquillus reports. When Augustus learned this from him, by a wrong judgment he praised him for having acted wisely.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gaius refuses to worship at Jerusalem.
- Suetonius, Augustus 93.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.5 (CSEL 5:438–439; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.6CSEL 5:439
itaque anno imperii Caesaris quadragesimo octauo adeo dira Romanos fames consecuta est, ut Caesar lanistarum familias omnesque peregrinos, seruorum quoque maximas copias, exceptis medicis et praeceptoribus, trudi Vrbe praeceperit. ita peccante principe in sanctum Dei et correpto per famem populo quantitatem offensionis qualitas ultionis ostendit.
So in the forty-eighth year of Caesar's rule so dire a famine followed for the Romans that Caesar ordered the households of gladiator trainers and all foreigners, and also very great numbers of slaves, except physicians and teachers, to be driven out of the City. So, when the prince sinned against the holy place of God and the people was chastised by famine, the quality of the punishment showed the size of the offense.
Notes and citation
Summary: A famine follows the insult to the temple.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.6 (CSEL 5:439; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.7CSEL 5:439
deinde, ut uerbis Corneli Taciti loquar, sene Augusto Ianus patefactus, dum apud extremos terrarum terminos nouae gentes saepe ex usu et aliquando cum damno quaeruntur, usque ad Vespasiani durauit imperium. hucusque Cornelius.
Then, to speak in the words of Cornelius Tacitus, “when Augustus was old, Janus was opened, while new peoples were sought at the farthest ends of the earth, often with advantage and sometimes with loss, and it remained so until the rule of Vespasian.” Thus far Cornelius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tacitus on the opening of Janus.
- From a lost part of Tacitus's Histories.
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus (Tacitus; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.7 (CSEL 5:439; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.8CSEL 5:439
ceterum et tunc capta euersaque Vrbe Hierosolymorum, sicut prophetae praenuntiauerunt, extinctisque Iudaeis Titus, qui ad uindicandum Domini Iesu Christi sanguinem iudicio Dei fuerat ordinatus, uictor triumphans cum Vespasiano patre Ianum clausit.
Moreover, then too, when the city of Jerusalem had been captured and overthrown, as the prophets foretold, and the Jews destroyed, Titus, who had been appointed by the judgment of God to avenge the blood of the Lord Jesus Christ, triumphing as victor with his father Vespasian, closed Janus.
Luke 19:43–44 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Titus closes Janus after taking Jerusalem.
- The view that the fall of Jerusalem avenged Christ's blood is Orosius's own; compare Luke 19:43–44.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.8 (CSEL 5:439; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.9CSEL 5:439
igitur etsi sub extremis Caesaris temporibus apertus est Ianus, tamen per multa ex eo tempora, quamuis in procinctu esset exercitus, nulla bella sonuerunt.
So, although Janus was opened in the last times of Caesar, yet for many times after that, though the army was in readiness, no wars resounded.
Notes and citation
Summary: Even with Janus open, no wars came.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.9 (CSEL 5:439; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.10CSEL 5:439–440
unde etiam Dominus ipse Iesus Christus in Euangeliis, cum temporibus illis in summa tranquillitate uniuersus mundus ageret cunctasque gentes pax una uelaret et a discipulis suis interrogatus esset de conclusione temporum subsequentium, inter cetera sic ait:
Hence the Lord Jesus Christ himself too in the Gospels, when in those times the whole world was living in the greatest tranquility and one peace covered all nations, and he was asked by his disciples about the end of the times to follow, said, among other things:
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ foretold wars in a time of peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.10 (CSEL 5:439–440; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.11CSEL 5:440
audituri autem estis proelia et opiniones proeliorum. uidete ne turbemini; oportet enim haec fieri, sed nondum est finis. consurget enim gens in gentem et regnum in regnum et erunt pestilentiae et fames et terrae motus per loca. haec autem omnia initia sunt dolorum. tunc tradent uos in tribulationem et occident uos, et eritis odio omnibus gentibus propter nomen meum.
“You will hear of battles and rumors of battles. See that you are not alarmed; for these things must happen, but the end is not yet. For nation will rise against nation and kingdom against kingdom, and there will be plagues and famines and earthquakes in various places. But all these are the beginning of birth pains. Then they will hand you over to tribulation and kill you, and you will be hated by all nations because of my name.”
Matt 24:6–9 (quotation, high confidence) · Luke 21:11 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ's prophecy of wars and persecution.
- Quotation of Matt 24:6–9 (with “pestilentiae” as in Luke 21:11).
Topics: Eschatology, Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.11 (CSEL 5:440; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.3.12CSEL 5:440
hoc autem diuina prouidentia docens et credentes praemonendo firmauit et incredulos praedicendo confudit.
Teaching this by divine providence, he both strengthened believers by forewarning them and confounded unbelievers by foretelling it.
Notes and citation
Summary: The prophecy strengthened believers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.3.12 (CSEL 5:440; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-3-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 4
7.4.1CSEL 5:440
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCLXVII post mortem Augusti Caesaris Tiberius Caesar imperium adeptus est mansitque in eo annis uiginti et tribus.
In the 767th year from the founding of the City, after the death of Augustus Caesar, Tiberius Caesar obtained the rule and remained in it for twenty-three years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.1 (CSEL 5:440; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.2CSEL 5:440
hic per semet ipsum nulla bella gessit, sed ne per legatos quidem aliqua grauia, nisi quod tantum aliquantis in locis praecogniti cito gentium tumores conprimebantur.
He waged no wars himself, nor even any serious ones through legates, except only that in some places swellings of peoples, recognized beforehand, were quickly suppressed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius's peaceful reign.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.2 (CSEL 5:440; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.3CSEL 5:440
sane quarto imperii eius anno Germanicus Drusi filius Caligulae pater de Germanis, ad quos ab Augusto sene missus fuerat, triumphauit.
Indeed, in the fourth year of his rule Germanicus, son of Drusus and father of Caligula, triumphed over the Germans, to whom he had been sent by the aged Augustus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Germanicus's triumph.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Germauicus → Germanicus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.3 (CSEL 5:440; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.4CSEL 5:440–441
ipse autem Tiberius plurima imperii sui parte cum magna et graui modestia reipublicae praefuit, adeo ut quibusdam praesidibus augenda prouinciis tributa suadentibus scripserit boni pastoris esse tondere pecus, non deglubere.
Tiberius himself, for the greater part of his rule, governed the commonwealth with great and grave moderation, so much so that when some governors urged that the tribute of the provinces be increased, he wrote that it was the part of a good shepherd to shear the flock, not to flay it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius's moderation.
- Compare Suetonius, Tiberius 32.2.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.4 (CSEL 5:440–441; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.5CSEL 5:441
at postquam passus est Dominus Christus atque a mortuis resurrexit et discipulos suos ad praedicandum dimisit, Pilatus, praeses Palaestinae prouinciae, ad Tiberium imperatorem atque ad senatum rettulit de passione et resurrectione Christi consequentibusque uirtutibus, quae uel per ipsum palam factae fuerant uel per discipulos ipsius in nomine eius fiebant, et de eo, quod certatim crescente plurimorum fide deus crederetur.
But after the Lord Christ had suffered and risen from the dead and sent his disciples out to preach, Pilate, governor of the province of Palestine, reported to the emperor Tiberius and to the senate about the passion and resurrection of Christ and the mighty works that followed, which had been done openly either by him or were being done by his disciples in his name, and about the fact that, as the faith of very many grew in rivalry, he was believed to be a god.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pilate reports to Tiberius about Christ.
- The tradition of Pilate's report is in Tertullian, Apology 5 and 21, and Eusebius, Church History 2.2.
Extrabiblical texts: Tertullian, Apol. 5 (Apology; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 2.2 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Christology
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.5 (CSEL 5:441; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.6CSEL 5:441
Tiberius cum suffragio magni fauoris rettulit ad senatum, ut Christus deus haberetur. senatus indignatione motus, cur non sibi prius secundum morem delatum esset, ut de suscipiendo cultu prius ipse decerneret consecrationem Christi recusauit edictoque constituit, exterminandos esse Vrbe Christianos; praecipue cum et Seianus praefectus Tiberii suscipiendae religioni obstinatissime contradiceret.
Tiberius, with the support of great favor, proposed to the senate that Christ be held a god. The senate, moved by indignation that it had not first been referred to it according to custom, so that it might itself first decide about accepting the cult, refused the consecration of Christ and established by edict that Christians should be banished from the City; especially since Sejanus, Tiberius's prefect, also most stubbornly opposed accepting the religion.
Notes and citation
Summary: The senate refuses to deify Christ.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 2.2 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.6 (CSEL 5:441; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.7CSEL 5:441
Tiberius tamen edicto accusatoribus Christianorum mortem comminatus est. itaque paulatim immutata est illa Tiberii Caesaris laudatissima modestia in poenam contradictoris senatus; nam regi, quaecumque uoluntate faciebat, uoluptas erat, atque ex mansuetissimo principe saeuissima bestia exarsit.
Tiberius nevertheless by edict threatened death to accusers of Christians. And so gradually that most praised moderation of Tiberius Caesar was changed into punishment of the opposing senate; for the ruler took pleasure in whatever he did by will, and from a most gentle prince he blazed out as a most savage beast.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius turns cruel against the senate.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray comma): itaque paulatim, immutata → itaque paulatim immutata.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.7 (CSEL 5:441; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.8CSEL 5:441–442
nam plurimos senatorum proscripsit et ad mortem coegit; uiginti sibi patricios uiros consilii causa legerat: horum uix duos incolumes reliquit, ceteros diuersis causis necauit; Seianum praefectum suum res nouas molientem interfecit;
For he proscribed very many senators and drove them to death; he had chosen twenty men of patrician rank as his council: of these he left barely two unharmed and killed the rest for various reasons; he killed his prefect Sejanus, who was plotting revolution;
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius's purges.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ihcolumes → incolumes; res nonas → res nouas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.8 (CSEL 5:441–442; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.9CSEL 5:442
filios suos Drusum et Germanicum, quorum Drusus naturalis, Germanicus adoptiuus erat, manifestis ueneni signis perdidit; filios Germanici filii sui interfecit.
he destroyed his sons Drusus and Germanicus, of whom Drusus was his natural son and Germanicus adopted, with clear signs of poison; he killed the sons of his son Germanicus.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius kills his family.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Drusns → Drusus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.9 (CSEL 5:442; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.10CSEL 5:442
referre singillatim facta eius horret pudetque; tanta libidinis et crudelitatis rabie efferbuit, ut, qui spreuerant Christo rege saluari, rege Caesare punirentur.
To relate his deeds one by one is a horror and a shame; he raged with such madness of lust and cruelty that those who had scorned to be saved by Christ as king were punished by Caesar as king.
Notes and citation
Summary: Those who scorned Christ were punished by Tiberius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.10 (CSEL 5:442; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.11CSEL 5:442
huius tamen imperii anno duodecimo noua et incredibilis clades apud Fidenatium urbem accidit: amphitheatri cauea populo gladiatorium munus spectante conlapsa est et plus quam uiginti milia hominum occidit.
In the twelfth year of his rule, however, a new and incredible disaster happened at the city of Fidenae: the seating of an amphitheater collapsed while the people were watching a gladiatorial show, and killed more than twenty thousand people.
Notes and citation
Summary: The amphitheater at Fidenae collapses.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.11 (CSEL 5:442; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.12CSEL 5:442
dignum sane posteris tantae correptionis exemplum, tunc ad spectandas hominum mortes auidos homines conuenisse, quando pro salute hominum prouidenda Deus homo esse uoluisset.
Truly an example of so great a chastisement worthy for posterity: that men, greedy to watch the deaths of men, had then gathered, when God had willed to become man to provide for the salvation of men.
Notes and citation
Summary: A chastisement for love of bloodshed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.12 (CSEL 5:442; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.13CSEL 5:442
deinde anno eiusdem septimo decimo cum Dominus Iesus Christus uoluntarie quidem se tradidit passioni, sed impie a Iudaeis apprehensus et patibulo suffixus est, maximo terrae motu per Orbem facto saxa in montibus scissa, maximarumque urbium plurimae partes plus solita concussione ceciderunt.
Then, in his seventeenth year, when the Lord Jesus Christ voluntarily gave himself up to his passion, but was impiously seized by the Jews and fastened to the cross, a very great earthquake occurred throughout the world, rocks were split on the mountains, and very many parts of the greatest cities fell with more than usual shaking.
Matt 27:51 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: An earthquake at the crucifixion.
- Compare Matt 27:51.
Topics: Christology, Passion and death of Christ
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.13 (CSEL 5:442; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.14CSEL 5:442–443
eadem quoque die ad horam diei sextam sol in totum obscuratus tetraque nox subito obducta terris est et, sicut dictum est, Impiaque aeternam timuerunt saecula noctem.
On the same day too, at the sixth hour of the day, the sun was wholly darkened, and a black night suddenly covered the earth, and, as it was said, “impious ages feared eternal night.”
Matt 27:45 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The sun is darkened at the crucifixion.
- Compare Matt 27:45. The verse is Virgil, Georgics 1.468.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Georg. 1.468 (Virgil; quotation)
Topics: Christology, Passion and death of Christ
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.14 (CSEL 5:442–443; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.15CSEL 5:443
usque adeo autem neque lunam lumini solis neque nubes obstitisse manifestum est, ut quartam decimam ea die lunam, tota caeli regione interiecta, longissime a conspectu solis afuisse et stellas tunc diurnis horis uel potius in illa horrenda nocte toto caelo fulsisse referatur. quod non solum sanctorum Euangeliorum fides, sed etiam aliquanti Graecorum libri adtestantur.
It is so plain that neither the moon nor clouds blocked the sun's light that it is reported that the moon, on that day the fourteenth, with the whole region of the sky between, was very far from the sight of the sun, and that the stars then shone in the daytime hours, or rather in that horrible night, over the whole sky. This is attested not only by the faith of the holy Gospels but also by a number of books of the Greeks.
Notes and citation
Summary: The darkness was no eclipse.
- The “books of the Greeks” probably include Phlegon, as cited in the Chronicle of Eusebius and Jerome.
Extrabiblical texts: Phlegon (Phlegon of Tralles, Chronicles; allusion)
Topics: Miracles
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.15 (CSEL 5:443; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.16CSEL 5:443
iam hinc post passionem Domini, quem Iudaei quantum in ipsis fuit persecuti sunt, continuae clades Iudaeorum, donec exinaniti dispersique deficiant, incessabiliter strepunt.
From then on, after the passion of the Lord, whom the Jews persecuted as far as lay in them, continual disasters of the Jews resound ceaselessly, until, exhausted and scattered, they fail.
Notes and citation
Summary: Disasters of the Jews after the passion.
- This is Orosius's view of Jewish history, translated as written.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.16 (CSEL 5:443; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.17CSEL 5:443
Tiberius siquidem iuuentutem eorum per speciem sacramenti in prouincias grauioris caeli relegauit, reliquos gentis eiusdem uel similia sectantes Vrbe submouit sub poena perpetuae seruitutis, nisi obtemperassent.
For Tiberius banished their youth, under pretext of military oath, to provinces of harsher climate, and removed from the City the rest of that nation, or those following similar practices, under penalty of perpetual slavery if they did not obey.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius expels the Jews from Rome.
- Compare Suetonius, Tiberius 36; Tacitus, Annals 2.85.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.17 (CSEL 5:443; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.4.18CSEL 5:443–444
sane Asiae ciuitates illo terrae motu dirutas tributo dimisso propria etiam liberalitate donauit. hic ambiguis signis ueneni obiit.
Indeed, he remitted the tribute of the cities of Asia destroyed by that earthquake and also gave to them from his own generosity. He died with ambiguous signs of poison.
Notes and citation
Summary: Tiberius's relief for Asia and his death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.4.18 (CSEL 5:443–444; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-4-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 5
7.5.1CSEL 5:444
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCXC tertius ab Augusto Gaius Caligula regnare coepit mansitque in imperio annis non plenis quattuor, homo omnium ante se flagitiosissimus et qui uere dignus Romanis blasphemantibus et Iudaeis persecutoribus punitor adhibitus uideretur.
In the 790th year from the founding of the City, Gaius Caligula, third from Augustus, began to reign and remained in power for not quite four years, the most shameful of all men before him, and one who seemed truly applied as a fitting punisher of the blaspheming Romans and the persecuting Jews.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caligula becomes emperor.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Gains Caligula → Gaius Caligula.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.1 (CSEL 5:444; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.2CSEL 5:444
hic, ut breuiter magnitudinem crudelitatis eius expromam, exclamasse fertur utinam populus Romanus unam ceruicem haberet. saepe etiam de condicione temporum suorum conquestus est, quod nullis calamitatibus publicis insignirentur.
He, to set out briefly the greatness of his cruelty, is said to have exclaimed: “Would that the Roman people had one neck!” He also often complained of the condition of his times, that they were marked by no public calamities.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caligula's cruel sayings.
- Compare Suetonius, Caligula 30.2 and 31.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.2 (CSEL 5:444; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.3CSEL 5:444
O beata germina temporis Christiani, quantum praeualuistis in rebus humanis, ut etiam crudelitas hominis magis potuerit clades desiderare quam inuenire! ecce de tranquillitate generali feritas ieiuna conqueritur; furor impius intus Saeua sedens super arma et centum uinctus aeuis Post tergum nodis fremit horridus ore cruento.
O blessed seeds of Christian times, how strongly you have prevailed in human affairs, that even a man's cruelty could rather desire disasters than find them! See, hungry savagery complains of the general tranquility; impious fury within, “seated on cruel arms and bound with a hundred brazen knots behind its back, roars, horrid, with bloody mouth.”
Notes and citation
Summary: Christian times frustrate even Caligula's cruelty.
- Virgil, Aeneid 1.294–296 (adapted; Orosius has “aeuis” for Virgil's “aenis”).
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Aen. 1.294-296 (Virgil; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.3 (CSEL 5:444; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.4CSEL 5:444–445
serui rebelles et fugitiui gladiatores perterruere Romam, euertere Italiam, Siciliam deleuerunt, iam paene uniuerso humano generi toto Orbe metuendi; in diebus autem salutis, hoc est temporibus Christianis, conuellere quietem non potest uel Caesar infestus.
Rebel slaves and runaway gladiators terrified Rome, overthrew Italy, destroyed Sicily, already to be feared by almost the whole human race throughout the world; but in the days of salvation, that is, in Christian times, not even a hostile Caesar can shake the peace.
Notes and citation
Summary: In Christian times even a bad emperor cannot break the peace.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.4 (CSEL 5:444–445; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.5CSEL 5:445
hic siquidem magno et incredibili apparatu profectus quaerere hostem uiribus otiosis, Germaniam Galliamque percurrens, in ora Oceani circa prospectum Britanniae restitit. cumque ibi Minocynobelinum Britannorum regis filium, qui a patre pulsus cum paucis oberrabat, in deditionem recepisset, deficiente belli materia Romam rediit.
For he set out with great and incredible preparation to seek an enemy for his idle forces, ran through Germany and Gaul, and stopped on the shore of the Ocean in view of Britain. And when he had there received in surrender Minocynobelinus, son of the king of the Britons, who, driven out by his father, was wandering with a few men, for lack of material for war he returned to Rome.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caligula's pointless expedition.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.5 (CSEL 5:445; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.6CSEL 5:445
isdem autem diebus Iudaei, qui iam tunc ob passionem Christi meritis ubique cladibus exagitabantur, apud Alexandriam seditione excitata, profligati caede atque urbe propulsi, expromendarum querellarum causa Philonem quendam, uirum sane in primis eruditum, legatum ad Caesarem miserant.
In those same days the Jews, who already then were harried everywhere by deserved disasters because of the passion of Christ, having stirred up a sedition at Alexandria, were crushed by slaughter and driven out of the city, and had sent to Caesar as envoy, to set out their complaints, a certain Philo, a man indeed among the most learned.
Notes and citation
Summary: Philo's embassy to Caligula.
- Philo's own account is the Embassy to Gaius. The verdict on the Jews is Orosius's own.
Extrabiblical texts: Philo (Philo of Alexandria (works); allusion)
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.6 (CSEL 5:445; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.7CSEL 5:445
sed Caligula cum omnibus hominibus tum praecipue Iudaeis infestissimus, spreta legatione Philonis omnes Iudaeorum sacras sedes atque in primis antiquum illud in Hierosolymis sacrarium profanari sacrificiis gentilium ac repleri statuis simulacrisque imperauit seque ibi ut deum coli praecepit.
But Caligula, most hostile to all men but especially to the Jews, scorned Philo's embassy and ordered all the sacred places of the Jews, and above all that ancient sanctuary at Jerusalem, to be profaned with the sacrifices of the gentiles and filled with statues and images, and commanded that he himself be worshiped there as a god.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caligula orders his statue in the temple.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.7 (CSEL 5:445; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.8CSEL 5:445–446
Pilatus autem praeses, qui sententiam damnationis in Christum dixerat, postquam plurimas seditiones in Hierosolymis excepit ac fecit, tantis inrogante Gaio angoribus coartatus est, ut sua se transuerberans manu malorum conpendium mortis celeritate quaesierit.
And Pilate the governor, who had pronounced the sentence of condemnation on Christ, after he had met with and caused very many seditions at Jerusalem, was pressed by such great distresses inflicted by Gaius that, running himself through with his own hand, he sought by the speed of death a shortcut out of his evils.
Notes and citation
Summary: Pilate's suicide.
- Compare Eusebius, Church History 2.7.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 2.7 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Killing and murder
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.8 (CSEL 5:445–446; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.9CSEL 5:446
Gaius Caligula libidinibus suis etiam illud sceleris adiecit, ut sorores suas primum stupro pollueret, deinde exilio damnaret. qui post omnes simul exules iussit occidi. ipse autem a suis protectoribus occisus est.
Gaius Caligula added to his lusts this crime too, that he first defiled his sisters by illicit intercourse and then condemned them to exile. Afterward he ordered all the exiles killed at once. He himself was killed by his own guards.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caligula's incest and death.
Topics: Sexual morality
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.9 (CSEL 5:446; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.10CSEL 5:446
duo libelli in secretis eius reperti sunt, quorum alteri pugio, alteri gladius pro signo nominis adscriptum erat: ambo lectissimorum uirorum utriusque ordinis senatorii et equestris nomina et notas continebant morti destinatorum. inuenta est et arca ingens uariorum uenenorum, quibus mox Claudio Caesare iubente demersis infecta maria traduntur non sine magno piscium exitio, quos enecatos per proxima litora passim aestus eiecit.
Two notebooks were found among his secret papers, one inscribed with “Dagger,” the other with “Sword” as the sign of its name: both contained the names and marks of the most excellent men of both orders, senatorial and equestrian, destined for death. A huge chest of various poisons was also found; when these were soon sunk by order of Claudius Caesar, the seas are said to have been infected, not without great destruction of fish, which the tide threw up dead everywhere along the nearest shores.
Notes and citation
Summary: Caligula's death lists and poisons.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip and stray period): inuenta est et area. ingens → inuenta est et arca ingens.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.10 (CSEL 5:446; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.5.11CSEL 5:446–447
Magnum reuera indicium miserentis Dei propter suffragium gratiae in populum continuo ex parte crediturum et propter irae temperamentum in populum tunc infideliter obstinatum, ut quanta multitudo hominum praeparatam mortem euaserit, ex multitudine interfectorum piscium disceretur omnibusque notesceret, quid tanta ueneni moles arte aucta agere in misera Ciuitate potuisset, quae neglegenter effusa etiam maria corrupit.
Truly a great sign of the mercy of God, both for the support of grace toward a people soon in part to believe and for the tempering of wrath toward a people then faithlessly stubborn: that from the multitude of the fish killed it might be learned how great a multitude of men had escaped the death prepared for them, and might become known to all what so great a mass of poison, increased by art, could have done in the wretched City, which, carelessly poured out, corrupted even the seas.
Notes and citation
Summary: God's mercy shown by the poisoned fish.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.5.11 (CSEL 5:446–447; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-5-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 6
7.6.1CSEL 5:447
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCXCV Tiberius Claudius ab Augusto quartus regnum adeptus est mansitque in eo annis quattuordecim.
In the 795th year from the founding of the City, Tiberius Claudius, fourth from Augustus, obtained the rule and remained in it fourteen years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.1 (CSEL 5:447; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.2CSEL 5:447
exordio regni eius Petrus, apostolus Domini Iesu Christi, Romam uenit et salutarem cunctis credentibus fidem fideli uerbo docuit potentissimisque uirtutibus approbauit; atque exim Christiani Romae esse coeperunt.
At the beginning of his reign Peter, the apostle of the Lord Jesus Christ, came to Rome, taught the saving faith to all believers with faithful word, and confirmed it with most powerful miracles; and from then on there began to be Christians at Rome.
Notes and citation
Summary: Peter comes to Rome.
- The tradition of Peter's arrival under Claudius is in Eusebius, Church History 2.14.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 2.14 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Rome and Peter
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.2 (CSEL 5:447; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.3CSEL 5:447
sensit hoc conlatum fidei suae Roma beneficium, nam cum interfecto Caligula multa de abrogando imperio ac republica in antiquum ordinem restituenda euerrendaque penitus Caesarum uniuersa familia senatus et consules decreuissent:
Rome felt this benefit conferred on her faith. For when, after Caligula was killed, the senate and consuls had decreed many things about abolishing the empire, restoring the commonwealth to its ancient order, and wiping out the whole family of the Caesars utterly:
Notes and citation
Summary: After Caligula's death the senate plans to restore the republic.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): beneficium., → beneficium,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.3 (CSEL 5:447; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.4CSEL 5:447–448
Claudius mox ut confirmauit imperium, magna atque adhuc Romae incognita usus clementia, ne in tantam nobilium multitudinem ultio, si esset coepta, saeuiret, biduum illud, quo de reipublicae statu infeliciter consultatum actumque fuerat, memoriae exemit omniumque factorum dictorumue in eo ueniam et obliuionem in perpetuum sanxit.
Claudius, as soon as he had confirmed his rule, used great clemency hitherto unknown at Rome: lest vengeance, if begun, should rage against so great a multitude of nobles, he removed from memory those two days on which the state of the commonwealth had been unhappily debated and acted upon, and decreed pardon and forgetfulness forever for all deeds and words in them.
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius grants an amnesty.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.4 (CSEL 5:447–448; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.5CSEL 5:448
ita illam praeclaram et famosam Atheniensium amnestiam, quam quidem Romae inducere Iulio Caesare interfecto senatus Cicerone suadente temptauerat, sed Antonio et Octauiano propter ultionem extincti Caesaris inrumpentibus in inritum cesserat: hanc Claudius quamuis multo truculentiore causa in caedem conspiratorum stimularetur, ultronea clementia nullo expetente firmauit.
So that famous and celebrated amnesty of the Athenians, which the senate, at Cicero's urging, had tried to introduce at Rome when Julius Caesar was killed, but which had come to nothing as Antonius and Octavian broke in to avenge the slain Caesar: this Claudius, although he was spurred by a far more savage cause to the slaughter of the conspirators, confirmed by spontaneous clemency, with no one asking for it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius's amnesty compared with Athens.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): ultronea dementia → ultronea clementia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.5 (CSEL 5:448; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.6CSEL 5:448
accidit etiam eodem tempore praesentis gratiae Dei grande miraculum: siquidem Furius Camillus Scribonianus, Dalmatiae legatus, bellum ciuile molitus legiones multas fortissimasque ad sacramenti mutationem pellexerat.
At the same time there happened also a great miracle of God's present grace: for Furius Camillus Scribonianus, legate of Dalmatia, plotting civil war, had enticed many very strong legions to change their oath.
Notes and citation
Summary: Scribonianus's revolt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.6 (CSEL 5:448; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.7CSEL 5:448
itaque die dato, ut in unum undique ad nouum imperatorem conueniretur, neque aquilae ornari neque conuelli quoquo modo signa moueriue potuerunt. exercitus tanta et tam inusitata miraculi fide motus et conuersus in paenitentiam Scribonianum quinta statim die destitutum interfecit seseque sacramento prioris militiae continuit.
So, when a day was set for all to gather in one place to the new emperor, the eagles could not be adorned, nor could the standards in any way be pulled up or moved. The army, moved by so great and unusual a proof of miracle and turned to repentance, at once on the fifth day abandoned and killed Scribonianus and held itself to the oath of its former service.
Notes and citation
Summary: The standards will not move; the revolt fails.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.7 (CSEL 5:448; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.8CSEL 5:448–449
tristius ac perniciosius urbi Romae nihil umquam fuisse quam bella ciuilia satis notum est. itaque propter aduentum apostoli Petri et tenera Christianorum germina uixdum adhuc pauca ad sanctae fidei professionem erumpentia hanc exorientem tyrannidem et consurgens istud ciuile bellum neget quisquam diuinitus esse conpressum, qui praeteritis temporibus de conpressione bellorum ciuilium simile probarit exemplum.
It is well enough known that nothing was ever sadder or more ruinous for the city of Rome than civil wars. So let anyone deny that, because of the coming of the apostle Peter and the tender seeds of Christians, still scarcely few, breaking out into profession of the holy faith, this rising tyranny and this civil war that was springing up was suppressed by divine power, if he can prove a similar example of the suppression of civil wars in past times.
Notes and citation
Summary: Peter's coming checked civil war.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; misplaced full stop): perniciosins → perniciosius; esse conpressum. qui → esse conpressum, qui.
Topics: Rome and Peter
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.8 (CSEL 5:448–449; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.9CSEL 5:449
Claudius quarto imperii sui anno, cupiens utilem reipublicae ostentare se principem, bellum ubique et uictoriam undecumque quaesiuit. itaque expeditionem in Britanniam mouit, quae excitata in tumultum propter non redhibitos transfugas uidebatur: transuectus in insulam est, quam neque ante Iulium Caesarem neque post eum quisquam adire ausus fuerat,
Claudius, in the fourth year of his rule, desiring to show himself a prince useful to the commonwealth, sought war everywhere and victory from anywhere. So he set an expedition in motion against Britain, which seemed to have been stirred into tumult because deserters had not been given back: he crossed over to the island, which no one either before Julius Caesar or after him had dared to approach,
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius invades Britain.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.9 (CSEL 5:449; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.10CSEL 5:449–450
ibique — ut uerbis Suetoni Tranquilli loquar — sine ullo proelio ac sanguine intra paucissimos dies plurimam insulae partem in deditionem recepit. Orcadas etiam insulas ultra Britanniam in Oceano positas Romano adiecit imperio ac sexto quam profectus erat mense Romam rediit.
and there, to speak in the words of Suetonius Tranquillus, “without any battle or bloodshed, within a very few days he received the greater part of the island in surrender.” He also added to the Roman empire the Orkney islands, set in the Ocean beyond Britain, and returned to Rome in the sixth month after he had set out.
Notes and citation
Summary: Britain and the Orkneys are taken.
- Suetonius, Claudius 17.2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Oroadas → Orcadas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.10 (CSEL 5:449–450; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.11CSEL 5:450
Conferatur nunc, si cuiquam placet, sub una insula tempus et tempus, bellum et bellum, Caesar et Caesar — nam de fine nil confero, quoniam hoc felicissima uictoria, illud acerbissima clades fuit — et sic demum Roma cognoscat, per eius latentem prouidentiam in agendis rebus antea se partem felicitatis habuisse, cuius agnitione suscepta plenissima felicitate perfruitur, in quantum non tamen blasphemiarum offendiculis deprauatur.
Let there now be compared, if anyone pleases, under one island, time with time, war with war, Caesar with Caesar (for I make no comparison about the end, since this was a most happy victory and that a most bitter disaster), and so at last let Rome learn that she had earlier, in the conduct of affairs, a part of happiness through the hidden providence of him, by the acknowledgment of whom she enjoys the fullest happiness, as far as she is not corrupted by the stumbling blocks of blasphemies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julius Caesar and Claudius in Britain compared.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.11 (CSEL 5:450; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.12CSEL 5:450–451
Eodem anno imperii eius fames grauissima per Syriam facta est, quam etiam prophetae praenuntiauerant; sed Christianorum necessitatibus apud Hierosolymam, conuectis ab Aegypto frumentis, Helena Adiabenorum regina conuersa ad fidem Christi largissime ministrauit.
In the same year of his rule a very severe famine occurred throughout Syria, which the prophets too had foretold; but Helena, queen of the Adiabeni, converted to faith in Christ, ministered most generously to the needs of the Christians at Jerusalem by bringing grain from Egypt.
Acts 11:28 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Famine in Syria; Helena of Adiabene's relief.
- Compare Acts 11:28 (Agabus). Josephus, Antiquities 20.2.5, describes Helena's relief, but she was a convert to Judaism; Orosius makes her a Christian.
Extrabiblical texts: Josephus, Ant. 20.51-53 (Josephus (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.12 (CSEL 5:450–451; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.13CSEL 5:451
Anno imperii eius quinto inter Theram et Therasiam insula de profundo emicuit triginta stadiorum spatio extenta.
In the fifth year of his rule an island rose up from the depths between Thera and Therasia, extending over a space of thirty stades.
Notes and citation
Summary: A new volcanic island.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.13 (CSEL 5:451; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.14CSEL 5:451
Anno eius septimo sub procuratore Iudaeae Cumano in Hierosolymis tanta seditio in diebus azymorum exorta est, ut in portarum exitu populo coartato triginta milia Iudaeorum caede prostrata et conpressione suffocata referantur.
In his seventh year, under Cumanus, procurator of Judea, so great a sedition arose at Jerusalem in the days of unleavened bread that, as the people were crowded together at the exits of the gates, thirty thousand Jews are reported to have been struck down by slaughter and suffocated by crushing.
Notes and citation
Summary: A deadly riot in Jerusalem at Passover.
- Compare Josephus, Jewish War 2.224–227.
Extrabiblical texts: Josephus, J.W. 2.224-227 (Josephus (works); allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.14 (CSEL 5:451; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.15CSEL 5:451
Anno eiusdem nono expulsos per Claudium Vrbe Iudaeos Iosephus refert. sed me magis Suetonius mouet, qui ait hoc modo: Claudius Iudaeos inpulsore Christo adsidue tumultuantes Roma expulit;
In his ninth year Josephus reports that the Jews were expelled from the City by Claudius. But Suetonius moves me more, who speaks thus: “Claudius expelled from Rome the Jews, who were constantly making disturbances at the instigation of Christ”;
Acts 18:2 (echo, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius expels the Jews from Rome.
- Suetonius, Claudius 25.4. The passage of Josephus is not found in his surviving works. Compare Acts 18:2.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): losephus → Iosephus.
Extrabiblical texts: Josephus (Josephus (works); allusion)
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.15 (CSEL 5:451; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.16CSEL 5:451–452
quod, utrum contra Christum tumultuantes Iudaeos coherceri et conprimi iusserit, an etiam Christianos simul uelut cognatae religionis homines uoluerit expelli, nequaquam discernitur.
whether he ordered the Jews who were making disturbances against Christ to be restrained and suppressed, or wished the Christians too to be expelled at the same time as men of a related religion, is by no means clear.
Notes and citation
Summary: Whether Christians were also expelled is unclear.
Topics: Jews and Judaism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.16 (CSEL 5:451–452; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.17CSEL 5:452
Verumtamen sequenti anno tanta fames Romae fuit, ut medio foro imperator correptus a populo conuiciis et fragminibus panis turpissime infestatus, aegre per pseudothyrum in Palatium refugiens furorem excitatae plebis euaserit.
Nevertheless, the following year there was so great a famine at Rome that the emperor, seized by the people in the middle of the forum and most shamefully assailed with insults and pieces of bread, barely escaped the fury of the aroused plebs by fleeing through a back door into the Palace.
Notes and citation
Summary: Famine at Rome; Claudius is mobbed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): fuit, nt medio → fuit, ut medio.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.17 (CSEL 5:452; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.6.18CSEL 5:452
Paruo autem intercedente tempore triginta et quinque senatores et trecentos simul equites Romanos minimis causis interfecit; ipse autem manifestis ueneni signis est mortuus.
After a short time he killed thirty-five senators and at the same time three hundred Roman knights for the slightest causes; he himself died with clear signs of poison.
Notes and citation
Summary: Claudius's executions and death.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.6.18 (CSEL 5:452; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-6-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 7
7.7.1CSEL 5:452–453
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCVIII Nero Caesar ab Augusto quintus principatum adeptus est mansitque in eo annis non plenis quattuordecim. Gai Caligulae auunculi sui erga omnia uitia ac scelera sectator immo transgressor, petulantiam libidinem luxuriam auaritiam crudelitatem nullo non scelere exercuit; siquidem petulantia percitus omnia paene Italiae ac Graeciae theatra perlustrans, adsumpto etiam uarii uestitus dedecore cerycas citharistas tragoedos et aurigas saepe sibi superasse uisus est.
In the 808th year from the founding of the City, Nero Caesar, fifth from Augustus, obtained the principate and remained in it for not quite fourteen years. A follower, indeed a surpasser, of his uncle Gaius Caligula in all vices and crimes, he practiced wantonness, lust, extravagance, greed, and cruelty with every crime; for, driven by wantonness, he went round almost all the theaters of Italy and Greece and, taking on even the disgrace of various costumes, often seemed to himself to have outdone heralds, lyre players, tragic actors, and charioteers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's reign and vices.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.1 (CSEL 5:452–453; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.2CSEL 5:453
libidinibus porro tantis exagitatus est, ut ne a matre quidem uel sorore ullaue consanguinitatis reuerentia abstinuisse referatur, uirum in uxorem duxerit, ipse a uiro ut uxor acceptus sit.
Moreover, he was driven by such lusts that he is reported not to have refrained even from his mother or sister or from any reverence of kinship; he took a man as wife, and was himself received by a man as wife.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's sexual crimes.
Topics: Sexual morality
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.2 (CSEL 5:453; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.3CSEL 5:453
luxuriae uero tam effrenatae fuit, ut retibus aureis piscaretur, quae purpureis funibus extrahebantur, frigidis et calidis lauaret unguentis. qui etiam numquam minus mille carrucis confecisse iter traditur.
And he was of such unbridled extravagance that he fished with golden nets, drawn out with purple ropes, and bathed in cold and hot perfumes. It is also related that he never made a journey with fewer than a thousand carriages.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's extravagance.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.3 (CSEL 5:453; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.4CSEL 5:453
denique urbis Romae incendium uoluptatis suae spectaculum fecit; per sex dies septemque noctes ardens ciuitas regios pauit aspectus;
Finally he made the burning of the city of Rome a spectacle for his pleasure; for six days and seven nights the burning city fed the royal gaze;
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero watches Rome burn.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.4 (CSEL 5:453; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.5CSEL 5:453
horrea quadro structa lapide magnaeque illae ueterum insulae, quas discurrens adire flamma non poterat, magnis machinis quondam ad externa bella praeparatis labefactatae atque inflammatae sunt, ad monumentorum bustorumque deuersoria infelici plebe conpulsa.
granaries built of squared stone, and those great tenement blocks of old, which the flame running about could not reach, were shaken and set on fire by great engines once prepared for foreign wars, while the unhappy common people were driven into the shelters of monuments and tombs.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's men spread the fire.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.5 (CSEL 5:453; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.6CSEL 5:453–454
quod ipse ex altissima illa Maecenatiana turre prospectans laetusque flammae ut aiebat pulchritudine tragico habitu Iliadam decantabat.
Watching this from that very high tower of Maecenas, and delighted, as he said, by the beauty of the flame, he sang the Iliad in tragic costume.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero sings while Rome burns.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.6 (CSEL 5:453–454; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.7CSEL 5:454
auaritiae autem tam praeruptae exstitit, ut post hoc incendium Vrbis, quam se Augustus ex latericia marmoream reddidisse iactauerat, neminem ad reliquias rerum suarum adire permiserit; cuncta, quae flammae quoquo modo superfuerant, ipse abstulit;
And he was of such headlong greed that after this burning of the City, which Augustus had boasted he had turned from brick into marble, he allowed no one to go to the remains of his property; he himself carried off everything that had in any way survived the flames;
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's greed after the fire.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.7 (CSEL 5:454; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.8CSEL 5:454
centies centena milia sestertium annua ad expensas a senatu conferri sibi imperauit; plurimos senatorum nulla exstante causa bonis priuauit; negotiatorum omnium sub una die, tormentis quoque adhibitis, omnem penitus censum abstersit.
he ordered ten million sesterces a year to be contributed to him by the senate for expenses; he deprived very many senators of their property without any cause; on a single day, even applying tortures, he wiped out completely the whole wealth of all the merchants.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's exactions.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.8 (CSEL 5:454; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.9CSEL 5:454
crudelitatis autem rabie ita efferatus est, ut plurimam senatus partem interfecerit, equestrem ordinem paene destituerit. sed ne parricidiis quidem abstinuit, matrem fratrem sororem uxorem ceterosque omnes cognatos et propinquos sine haesitatione prostrauit.
And he became so savage with the madness of cruelty that he killed the greater part of the senate and almost emptied the equestrian order. Nor did he refrain even from murders of kin: he struck down his mother, brother, sister, wife, and all his other relatives and kinsfolk without hesitation.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's murders.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.9 (CSEL 5:454; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.10CSEL 5:454–455
auxit hanc molem facinorum eius temeritas impietatis in Deum. nam primus Romae Christianos suppliciis et mortibus affecit ac per omnes prouincias pari persecutione excruciari imperauit ipsumque nomen exstirpare conatus beatissimos Christi apostolos Petrum cruce, Paulum gladio occidit.
The rashness of his impiety toward God increased this mass of crimes. For he was the first at Rome to afflict Christians with tortures and deaths, and ordered them to be tormented with equal persecution throughout all the provinces; and, trying to root out the very name, he killed the most blessed apostles of Christ, Peter by the cross and Paul by the sword.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's persecution; Peter and Paul are killed.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom, Rome and Peter
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.10 (CSEL 5:454–455; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.11CSEL 5:455
mox aceruatim miseram ciuitatem obortae undique oppressere clades. nam subsequente autumno tanta Vrbi pestilentia incubuit, ut triginta milia funerum in rationem Libitinae uenirent. Britannica deinde clades e uestigio accidit, qua duo praecipua oppida magna ciuium sociorumque clade et caede direpta sunt.
Soon disasters, arising from every side, overwhelmed the wretched city in heaps. For the following autumn so great a pestilence lay on the City that thirty thousand funerals were entered in the register of Libitina. Then a British disaster followed at once, in which two principal towns were plundered with great slaughter and destruction of citizens and allies.
Notes and citation
Summary: Plague and revolt in Britain follow.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): moi aceruatim → mox aceruatim.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.11 (CSEL 5:455; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.12CSEL 5:455
praeterea in Oriente magnis Armeniae prouinciis amissis Romanae legiones sub iugum Parthicum missae, aegreque Syria retenta est. in Asia tres urbes, hoc est Laudicia Hierapolis Colossae, terrae motu conciderunt.
Moreover, in the East, great provinces of Armenia were lost, Roman legions were sent under the Parthian yoke, and Syria was barely held. In Asia three cities, that is, Laodicea, Hierapolis, and Colossae, collapsed in an earthquake.
Notes and citation
Summary: Losses in the East; an earthquake in Asia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.12 (CSEL 5:455; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.7.13CSEL 5:455–456
at uero Nero postquam Galbam in Hispania imperatorem creatum ab exercitu cognouit, totus animo ac spe concidit. cumque incredibilia perturbandae, immo subruendae reipublicae mala moliretur, hostis a senatu pronuntiatus et ignominiosissime fugiens, ad quartum ab Vrbe lapidem sese ipse interfecit, atque in eo omnis Caesarum familia consumpta est.
But Nero, after he learned that Galba had been made emperor by the army in Spain, collapsed entirely in spirit and hope. And while he was planning incredible evils to throw the commonwealth into confusion, or rather to overturn it, he was declared an enemy by the senate and, fleeing most ignominiously, killed himself at the fourth milestone from the City; and with him the whole family of the Caesars came to an end.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nero's suicide ends the Julio-Claudians.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.7.13 (CSEL 5:455–456; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-7-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 8
7.8.1CSEL 5:456
Anno ab Vrbe condita DCCCXXIIII Galba apud Hispanias usurpauit imperium. qui mox, ut Neronis mortem conperit, Romam uenit; cumque omnes auaritia saeuitia segnitiaque offenderet, Pisonem sibi nobilem industriumque adulescentem in filium atque in regnum adoptauit: cum quo septimo mense imperii sui ab Othone iugulatus est.
In the 824th year from the founding of the City, Galba usurped the empire in the Spains. As soon as he learned of Nero's death, he came to Rome; and since he offended everyone by greed, savagery, and sloth, he adopted Piso, a noble and energetic young man, as his son and heir to the throne; with him, in the seventh month of his rule, he was murdered by Otho.
Notes and citation
Summary: Galba's short reign.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.1 (CSEL 5:456; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.8.2CSEL 5:456
Luit Roma caedibus principum excitatisque ciuilibus bellis recentes Christianae religionis iniurias, et signa illa legionum, quae sub aduentu in Vrbem Petri apostoli diuinitus cohercita conuelli nullo modo ad excitandum ciuile bellum ualuerant, quod per Scribonianum parabatur, Petro in Vrbe interfecto et Christianis poenarum diuersitate laniatis toto se Orbe soluerunt.
Rome paid by the murders of princes and by civil wars stirred up for the recent wrongs to the Christian religion; and those standards of the legions which, at the coming of the apostle Peter to the City, were divinely held back and could in no way be pulled up to stir up the civil war being prepared through Scribonianus, now, after Peter had been killed in the City and Christians mangled with various punishments, broke loose over the whole world.
Notes and citation
Summary: Civil war follows the persecution.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.2 (CSEL 5:456; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.8.3CSEL 5:456
de Hispania siquidem ilico Galba surrexerat; quo mox oppresso Otho Romae, Vitellius in Germania, Vespasianus in Syria imperia simul atque arma rapuerunt.
For Galba had at once risen from Spain; and when he was soon crushed, Otho at Rome, Vitellius in Germany, and Vespasian in Syria seized empire and arms at once.
Notes and citation
Summary: Four emperors rise.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.3 (CSEL 5:456; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.8.4CSEL 5:456–457
probent sane etiam inuiti potentiam simul et clementiam Dei, qui Christianis temporibus offenduntur: quanta celeritate tantorum incendia bellorum et excitata sunt et repressa, cum et antea minimis causis magnae ac diuturnae clades agitarentur et nunc maximi undique concrepantes magnorum malorum fragores minimo negotio sopirentur. iam enim erat Romae
Let those who are offended by Christian times prove, even unwillingly, the power and at the same time the mercy of God: with what speed the fires of such great wars were both kindled and suppressed, when formerly great and long disasters were stirred up by the smallest causes, and now the very great crashes of great evils resounding from every side were quieted with the least trouble. For there was already at Rome,
Notes and citation
Summary: The wars of 69 ended quickly.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period (the sentence continues in the next section)): iam enim erat Romae. → iam enim erat Romae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.4 (CSEL 5:456–457; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.8.5CSEL 5:457
quamuis persecutione uexata Ecclesia, quae iudici omnium Christo etiam pro inimicis et persecutoribus supplicaret.
though harried by persecution, the church, which would make supplication to Christ, the judge of all, even for its enemies and persecutors.
Matt 5:44 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The church prayed even for its persecutors.
- Compare Matt 5:44.
Topics: Prayer, Persecution, Love of enemies and forgiveness of wrongs
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.5 (CSEL 5:457; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.8.6CSEL 5:457
igitur Otho cum, Galba et Pisone Romae interfectis, inter tumultus caedesque inuasisset imperium ac mox creatum imperatorem in Gallia per Germanicas legiones Vitellium conperisset, bellum ciuile molitus tribus primum leuibus proeliis, hoc est uno apud Alpes, alio circa Placentiam, tertio circa locum, quem Castores uocant, contra Vitellianos duces congressus uictor exstitisset, quarto apud Bedriacum proelio cum animaduertisset suos uinci, mense tertio quam imperare coeperat sese interfecit.
So Otho, after Galba and Piso had been killed at Rome, had seized the empire amid tumults and slaughters, and soon learned that Vitellius had been made emperor in Gaul by the German legions; plotting civil war, he had first come off victor in three light battles against Vitellius's generals, one near the Alps, another near Placentia, a third near the place called Castores; in the fourth battle at Bedriacum, when he saw that his men were being defeated, he killed himself in the third month after he began to rule.
Notes and citation
Summary: Otho's defeat and suicide.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.6 (CSEL 5:457; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.8.7CSEL 5:457–458
Vitellius uictor Romam uenit: ubi cum multa crudeliter ac nequiter ageret, incredibili etiam uoracitatis appetitu humanam uitam probris adgrauaret, postquam de Vespasiano comperit, primum deponere molitus imperium, post a quibusdam animatus Sabinum Vespasiani fratrem, nihil tum mali suspicantem, cum ceteris Flauianis in Capitolium compulit succensoque templo et mixta simul flamma ruinaque omnes in unum pariter interitum ac tumulum dedit.
Vitellius came to Rome as victor: there, while he did many things cruelly and wickedly, and burdened human life with disgraces by an incredible appetite for gluttony as well, after he learned of Vespasian, he first tried to lay down the empire, then, encouraged by some, drove Sabinus, Vespasian's brother, who then suspected no evil, with the other Flavians into the Capitol, set the temple on fire, and gave them all together one death and tomb in the mingled flame and ruin.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vitellius burns the Capitol with Sabinus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Yitellius → Vitellius; omnes ia unum → omnes in unum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.7 (CSEL 5:457–458; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.8.8CSEL 5:458
post deficiente in Vespasiani nomen exercitu suo destitutus adpropinquantibusque iam hostibus trepidus cum se in quandam proximam palatio cellulam contrusisset, turpissime inde protractus cum per uiam sacram nudus duceretur, passim fimum in os eius coniectantibus in forum deductus, octauo quam regnum praesumpserat mense apud Gemonias scalas minutissimorum ictuum crebris conpunctionibus excarnificatus atque inde unco tractus et in Tiberim mersus etiam communi caruit sepultura.
Afterward, abandoned as his army went over to Vespasian's name, and in fear as the enemy were already approaching, he thrust himself into a little room near the palace; dragged out of it most shamefully, he was led naked along the Sacred Way, with people everywhere throwing dung in his face, and brought into the forum; in the eighth month after he had seized the throne he was tortured to death at the Gemonian steps with many pricks of very small blows, and then, dragged by a hook and plunged into the Tiber, he lacked even common burial.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vitellius's shameful death.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): et m Tiberim → et in Tiberim.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.8 (CSEL 5:458; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.8.9CSEL 5:458
multis autem et nefariis modis per complures dies a Vespasiani militibus, aduersum senatum populumque Romanum indiscreta caede saeuitum est.
For many days, in many wicked ways, Vespasian's soldiers raged against the senate and the Roman people with indiscriminate slaughter.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vespasian's soldiers rage in Rome.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.8.9 (CSEL 5:458; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-8-9
BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON (whole work; this passage's key: sophiascriptura-orosius-historiae-7-8-9) · Report an error
Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).