Seven Books of History against the Pagans 7.25.1–7.32.15
Latin text: Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (Latin text: K. Zangemeister (CSEL 5, 1882), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0).English: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), public domain (CC0).
Seven 7, chapter 25
7.25.1CSEL 5:488
Anno ab Vrbe condita MXLI Diocletianus tricesimus tertius ab exercitu imperator electus annis uiginti fuit; statimque ut potestatis copiam habuit, Aprum interfectorem Numeriani manu sua interfecit. Carinum deinde, quem Carus Caesarem in Dalmatia reliquerat, flagitiose uiuentem difficillimo bello et maximo labore superauit.
In the 1041st year from the founding of the City, Diocletian, thirty-third, chosen emperor by the army, was emperor twenty years; and as soon as he had the opportunity of power, he killed with his own hand Aper, the slayer of Numerian. Then he overcame Carinus, whom Carus had left as Caesar in Dalmatia, living shamefully, in a very difficult war and with very great labor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Diocletian becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.1 (CSEL 5:488; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.2CSEL 5:488
dehinc cum in Gallia Amandus et Aelianus collecta rusticanorum manu, quos Bacaudas uocabant, perniciosos tumultus excitauissent, Maximianum cognomento Herculium Caesarem fecit misitque in Gallias: qui facile agrestium hominum imperitam et confusam manum militari
Then, when in Gaul Amandus and Aelianus, having gathered a band of country people whom they called Bacaudae, had stirred up ruinous tumults, he made Maximian, surnamed Herculius, Caesar and sent him to the Gauls; he easily settled the unskilled and disorderly band of rustics by military
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximian suppresses the Bacaudae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.2 (CSEL 5:488; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.3CSEL 5:488–489
uirtute conposuit. deinde Carausius quidam, genere quidem infimus sed consilio et manu promptus, cum ad obseruanda Oceani litora, quae tunc Franci et Saxones infestabant, positus plus in perniciem quam in prouectum reipublicae ageret, ereptam praedonibus praedam nulla ex parte restituendo dominis sed sibi soli uindicando accendit suspicionem, quia ipsos quoque hostes ad incursandos fines artifici neglegentia permitteret: quamobrem a Maximiano iussus occidi, purpuram sumpsit ac Britannias occupauit.
strength. Then a certain Carausius, indeed of the lowest birth but ready in counsel and action, when he had been placed to watch the shores of the Ocean, which the Franks and Saxons were then infesting, and was acting more to the ruin than to the advantage of the commonwealth, by not restoring to the owners in any part the booty taken from the pirates but claiming it for himself alone, roused the suspicion that he was letting the enemy themselves raid the territories by artful negligence; for this reason, ordered by Maximian to be killed, he took the purple and seized the Britains.
Notes and citation
Summary: Carausius usurps in Britain.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips and missing full stop; stray period): nirtute conposuil deinde → uirtute conposuit. deinde; ad incursandos. fines → ad incursandos fines.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.3 (CSEL 5:488–489; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.4CSEL 5:489
igitur per omnes Romani imperii fines subitarum turbationum fragores concrepuerunt, Carausio in Britanniis rebellante, Achilleo in Aegypto, cum et Africam Quinquegentiani infestarent, Narseus etiam rex Persarum Orientem bello premeret.
So throughout all the territories of the Roman empire the crashes of sudden disturbances resounded, with Carausius rebelling in the Britains, Achilleus in Egypt, while the Quinquegentiani were infesting Africa and Narses, king of the Persians, was pressing the East with war.
Notes and citation
Summary: Troubles on every side.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.4 (CSEL 5:489; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.5CSEL 5:489
hoc periculo Diocletianus permotus Maximianum Herculium ex Caesare fecit Augustum, Constantium uero et Maximianum Galerium Caesares legit. Constantius Herculii Maximiani priuignam Theodoram accepit uxorem, ex qua sex filios fratres Constantini sustulit.
Alarmed by this danger, Diocletian made Maximian Herculius Augustus from Caesar, and chose Constantius and Maximian Galerius as Caesars. Constantius took as wife Theodora, the stepdaughter of Maximian Herculius, by whom he had six children, brothers of Constantine.
Notes and citation
Summary: The tetrarchy is formed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): hoc perionlo Diocletianns permotns Marimianum → hoc periculo Diocletianus permotus Maximianum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.5 (CSEL 5:489; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.6CSEL 5:489–490
Carausius, Britannia sibi per septem annos fortissime uindicata ac retenta, tandem fraude Allecti socii sui interfectus est. Allectus postea ereptam Carausio insulam per triennium tenuit: quem Asclepiodotus praefectus praetorio oppressit Britanniamque post decem annos recepit.
Carausius, having very bravely claimed and held Britain for seven years, was at last killed by the treachery of his associate Allectus. Allectus afterward held the island, snatched from Carausius, for three years; Asclepiodotus, the praetorian prefect, crushed him and recovered Britain after ten years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Britain is recovered.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Carausins → Carausius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.6 (CSEL 5:489–490; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.7CSEL 5:490
Constantius uero Caesar in Gallia primo proelio ab Alamannis profligato exercitu suo, uix ipse subreptus est; secundo autem secuta est satis secunda uictoria: nam paucis horis sexaginta milia Alamannorum caesa referuntur.
Constantius, however, as Caesar in Gaul, with his army routed by the Alamanni in the first battle, barely escaped himself; but in the second a quite favorable victory followed: for sixty thousand Alamanni are reported slain in a few hours.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantius defeats the Alamanni.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips and stray period): Gonstantius uero. Caeear in Qallia → Constantius uero Caesar in Gallia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.7 (CSEL 5:490; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.8CSEL 5:490
at Maximianus Augustus Quinquegentianos in Africa domuit. porro autem Diocletianus Achilleum obsessum per octo menses apud Alexandriam cepit et interfecit. sed inmoderata uictoria usus Alexandriam direptioni dedit, Aegyptum totam proscriptionibus caedibusque foedauit.
But Maximian Augustus subdued the Quinquegentiani in Africa. Moreover, Diocletian captured Achilleus after besieging him for eight months at Alexandria and killed him. But using his victory without restraint, he gave Alexandria over to plunder and defiled all Egypt with proscriptions and slaughters.
Notes and citation
Summary: Achilleus is defeated; Egypt suffers.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.8 (CSEL 5:490; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.9CSEL 5:490
praeterea Galerius Maximianus cum duobus iam proeliis aduersus Narseum conflixisset, tertio inter Gallinicum et Carras congressus et uictus, amissis copiis ad Diocletianum refugit: a quo arrogantissime exceptus est, ita ut per aliquot milia passuum purpuratus ante uehiculum eius cucurrisse referatur.
Moreover, Galerius Maximian, when he had already fought two battles against Narses, engaged in a third between Callinicum and Carrhae and was defeated, and, having lost his forces, fled to Diocletian; by him he was received most arrogantly, so that he is reported to have run for some miles in his purple before his carriage.
Notes and citation
Summary: Galerius is defeated and humiliated.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.9 (CSEL 5:490; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.10CSEL 5:490–491
uerumtamen hac contumelia quasi cote ad uirtutem usus est, per quam detrita regii fastus rubigine aciem mentis expediit. itaque mox per Illyricum et Moesiam undique copias contraxit raptimque in hostem reuersus Narseum magnis consiliis uiribusque superauit.
Yet he used this insult as a whetstone for courage, by which, the rust of royal pride rubbed off, he freed the edge of his mind. So he soon gathered forces from everywhere through Illyricum and Moesia, swiftly turned back against the enemy, and overcame Narses with great plans and strength.
Notes and citation
Summary: Galerius defeats Narses.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (Cyrillic letter in the digital text; digitization slip): quasi cote ad uirtutem usos est → quasi cote ad uirtutem usus est; Мoesiam → Moesiam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.10 (CSEL 5:490–491; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.11CSEL 5:491
extinctis Persarum copiis ipsoque Narseo in fugam acto, castra eius inuasit, uxores sorores liberosque cepit, immensam uim gazae Persicae diripuit, captiuos quamplurimos Persarum nobilium abduxit. reuersus in Mesopotamiam a Diocletiano plurimo honore susceptus est.
Having destroyed the forces of the Persians and put Narses himself to flight, he broke into his camp, captured his wives, sisters, and children, plundered an immense quantity of Persian treasure, and led off very many captives of the Persian nobles. Returning to Mesopotamia, he was received by Diocletian with the greatest honor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Galerius's victory over Persia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): extinotia Persarum → extinctis Persarum; in fugam aoto, castra eius innasit → in fugam acto, castra eius inuasit; reueraus → reuersus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.11 (CSEL 5:491; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.12CSEL 5:491
postea per eosdem duces strenue aduersus Carpos Basternasque pugnatum est. Sarmatas deinde uicerunt: quorum copiosissimam captiuam multitudinem per Romanorum finium dispersere praesidia.
Afterward there was vigorous fighting through the same generals against the Carpi and Bastarnae. Then they defeated the Sarmatians, whose very large multitude of captives they distributed among the garrisons of the Roman territories.
Notes and citation
Summary: Victories on the Danube.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.12 (CSEL 5:491; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.13CSEL 5:491
Interea Diocletianus in Oriente, Maximianus Herculius in Occidente uastari ecclesias, adfligi interficique Christianos decimo post Neronem loco praeceperunt: quae persecutio omnibus fere ante actis diuturnior atque immanior fuit, nam per decem annos incendiis ecclesiarum, proscriptionibus innocentum, caedibus martyrum incessabiliter acta est.
Meanwhile Diocletian in the East and Maximian Herculius in the West ordered the churches to be laid waste and Christians to be afflicted and killed, in the tenth place after Nero: this persecution was longer and more savage than almost all those before it, for for ten years it was carried on ceaselessly with burnings of churches, proscriptions of the innocent, and slaughters of martyrs.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Great Persecution.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Maximianus Heroulius → Maximianus Herculius.
Extrabiblical texts: Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 8.2 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.13 (CSEL 5:491; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.14CSEL 5:491–492
sequitur terrae motus in Syria, ex quo apud Tyrum et Sidonem passim labentibus tectis multa hominum milia prostrata sunt. secundo persecutionis anno Diocletianus ab inuito exegit Maximiano, ut simul purpuram imperiumque deponerent ac iunioribus in rempublicam substitutis ipsi in priuato otio consenescerent. itaque sub una die Diocletianus apud Nicomediam, Maximianus apud Mediolanium potestatem imperii simul cultumque deposuerunt.
An earthquake follows in Syria, from which at Tyre and Sidon many thousands of men were struck down as roofs fell everywhere. In the second year of the persecution Diocletian demanded of the unwilling Maximian that they lay down the purple and the rule together and, with younger men put in their place over the commonwealth, grow old themselves in private leisure. So on one day Diocletian at Nicomedia and Maximian at Mediolanum laid down both the power and the dress of empire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Diocletian and Maximian abdicate.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.14 (CSEL 5:491–492; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.15CSEL 5:492
Galerius et Constantius Augusti primi Romanum imperium in duas partes diuiserunt: Galerius Maximianus Illyricum Asiam et Orientem, Constantius Italiam Africam et Gallias obtinuit; sed Constantius uir tranquillissimus, Gallia tantum [Hispaniaque] contentus, Galerio ceteris partibus cessit.
Galerius and Constantius, the first Augusti, divided the Roman empire into two parts: Galerius Maximian held Illyricum, Asia, and the East, Constantius Italy, Africa, and the Gauls; but Constantius, a most peaceable man, content with Gaul alone, yielded the other parts to Galerius.
Notes and citation
Summary: The empire is divided between Galerius and Constantius.
- Zangemeister prints “Hispaniaque” (“and Spain”) in square brackets as a word to delete; it is left out.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.15 (CSEL 5:492; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.25.16CSEL 5:492–493
Galerius duos Caesares legit: Maximinum, quem in Oriente constituit, et Seuerum, cui permisit Italiam, ipse in Illyrico constitutus. Constantius uero Augustus summae mansuetudinis et ciuilitatis in Britannia mortem obiit. qui Constantinum filium ex concubina Helena creatum imperatorem Galliarum reliquit.
Galerius chose two Caesars: Maximinus, whom he set in the East, and Severus, to whom he entrusted Italy, he himself being stationed in Illyricum. Constantius Augustus, a man of the greatest gentleness and courtesy, died in Britain. He left his son Constantine, born of the concubine Helena, as emperor of the Gauls.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantius dies; Constantine succeeds.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.25.16 (CSEL 5:492–493; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-25-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 26
7.26.1CSEL 5:493
Anno ab Vrbe condita MLXI Constantinus tricensimus quartus gubernacula imperii a Constantio patre suscepit, quae uno et triginta annis felicissime tenuit.
In the 1061st year from the founding of the City, Constantine, thirty-fourth, took up the helm of empire from his father Constantius and held it most happily for thirty-one years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine's accession.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Constantinns tricensimus → Constantinus tricensimus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.1 (CSEL 5:493; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.2CSEL 5:493
Occurritur mihi subito et tripudiis quibusdam insultatur: Eia, inquiunt, tandem in foueas nostras diu expectate uenisti. hic te decursurum opperiebamur, hic delapsum opprimimus, hic confusum tenemus. sustinuimus te hactenus, artificiose quodammodo et callide fortuitas temporum mutationes Christianorum ultionibus coaptantem.
Suddenly I am met and mocked with certain dances of triumph: “Aha,” they say, “at last, long awaited, you have come into our pits. Here we were waiting for you to run down, here we are crushing you as you slip, here we hold you confused. We have put up with you so far, adapting in a way artfully and cleverly the chance changes of the times to vengeances for Christians.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans' taunt about the tenth persecution.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips): Occnritur mihi subito et tripndiis qaibusdam → Occurritur mihi subito et tripudiis quibusdam; artifieiose → artificiose.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.2 (CSEL 5:493; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.3CSEL 5:493
et interdum quidem uerisimilium specie permoti, utpote homines ignari diuinorum secretorum, timore palluimus, sed nunc euacuauit Maximianus noster omnem scaenam fabulae tuae nostraeque religionis antiquitatem columna inexpugnabilis fulsit.
And sometimes indeed, moved by the appearance of likelihood, as men ignorant of divine secrets, we grew pale with fear; but now our Maximian has emptied the whole stage of your fable, and has shone out as an unconquerable pillar for the antiquity of our religion.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans' taunt continues.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.3 (CSEL 5:493; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.4CSEL 5:493–494
per annos decem euersae sunt ecclesiae uestrae, ut etiam tu fateris; dilacerati cruciatibus, exinaniti mortibus toto Orbe Christiani. tenemus euidens testimonium tuum, nullam superiorem persecutionem adeo uel grauem uel diuturnam fuisse.
For ten years your churches were overthrown, as even you confess; Christians were torn apart with tortures and emptied out by deaths over the whole world. We hold your clear testimony that no earlier persecution was so heavy or so long.
Notes and citation
Summary: The worst persecution brought no punishment, they say.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): exinaniti mertibus → exinaniti mortibus.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.4 (CSEL 5:493–494; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.5CSEL 5:494
et tamen ecce inter tranquillissima temporum bona ipsorum quoque imperatorum, qui ista fecerunt, inusitata felicitas: nulla domi fames, nulla pestilentia, nullum foris bellum nisi uoluntarium, quo exerceri uires non periclitari queant;
And yet see, amid the most tranquil goods of the times, the unusual happiness also of the very emperors who did these things: no famine at home, no pestilence, no war abroad except a voluntary one, by which strength could be exercised, not endangered;
Notes and citation
Summary: The persecutors prospered, they say.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): et tamen eeoe → et tamen ecce.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.5 (CSEL 5:494; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.6CSEL 5:494
res praeterea humano generi hucusque incognita: multorum simul regum patiens consortium et magna concordia potestasque communis, alias numquam, nunc in commune prospiciens.
besides, a thing hitherto unknown to the human race: a patient partnership of many kings at once, and great concord, and a common power, never elsewhere, now looking out for the common good.
Notes and citation
Summary: The concord of the tetrarchs.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): huousque → hucusque.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.6 (CSEL 5:494; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.7CSEL 5:494
deinde etiam, quod absque ulla hactenus mortalium notitia est, imperatores illi maximi quippe et persecutores, honore deposito et adsumpta quiete, priuati, quod beatissimum homines et summum bonum uitae bonae iudicant, et hoc tunc uelut praemii loco auctores persecutionis adepti sunt, quando accensa persecutio medio sui tempore toto Orbe saeuiebat.
Then too, something without any precedent so far in the knowledge of mortals, those emperors, greatest indeed and persecutors, having laid down their rank and taken rest, as private men obtained what men judge most blessed and the highest good of a good life; and the authors of the persecution obtained this as if by way of reward, at the very time when the persecution, kindled, was raging over the whole world in the middle of its course.
Notes and citation
Summary: The persecutors retired in peace, they say.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): haotenue → hactenus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.7 (CSEL 5:494; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.8CSEL 5:494
an etiam hanc beatitudinem illis temporibus poenaliter accidisse adseris et nos hinc quoque terrere moliris?
Or do you claim that this blessedness too happened in those times as a punishment, and are you trying to frighten us from this too?”
Notes and citation
Summary: The taunt ends.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.8 (CSEL 5:494; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.9CSEL 5:494–495
Quibus humiliter responderim, me plurima cura pietatis accinctum commonere de ueris, non terrere de falsis. decem persecutiones a Nerone usque ad Maximianum Ecclesia Christi passa est: nouem, ut ego dixi, ultiones, ut ipsi non negant, calamitates e uestigiis consecutae sunt. nec in uerbo premo; utrum debitae ultiones an fortuitae permutationes fuisse uideantur, quae tamen meo suoque testimonio clades fuerunt.
To them I would answer humbly that, girded with the greatest care of piety, I am warning about true things, not frightening about false ones. The church of Christ suffered ten persecutions from Nero to Maximian: nine were followed in their tracks by punishments, as I have said, and by calamities, as they themselves do not deny. Nor do I press the word: whether they seem to have been deserved punishments or chance changes, they were nevertheless disasters by my testimony and theirs.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nine persecutions were followed by disasters.
Topics: Persecution, Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.9 (CSEL 5:494–495; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.26.10CSEL 5:495
in decima haesitatum putant miseri et caeci, non uidentes tanto eam ipsis fuisse grauiorem quanto minus intellecta est. impius enim flagellatur et non sentit. [et] quod cum expositum fuerit, inuiti licet propter ipsam rerum fidem fatebuntur, quia ex illa Maximianae persecutionis maxima punitione ista sunt uulnera, quibus etiam nunc isti dolent et in tantam dolent, ut etiam clament nosque ad reclamandum lacessant: sollicitos fieri, qualiter conticescant.
In the tenth the wretched and blind think there was hesitation, not seeing that it was the heavier for them the less it was understood. For the impious man is scourged and does not feel it. When this has been set out, they will confess, though unwilling, because of the very truth of the facts, that these wounds, from which even now they suffer, and suffer so much that they even cry out and provoke us to cry back, come from that greatest punishment of Maximian's persecution: they ought to be concerned how they may fall silent.
Jer 5:3 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The tenth persecution's punishment is the pagans' present pain.
- Zangemeister prints “et” before “quod” in square brackets as a word to delete; it is left out.
- “The impious man is scourged and does not feel it”: perhaps an echo of Prov 23:35 or Jer 5:3; uncertain.
Topics: Providence
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.26.10 (CSEL 5:495; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-26-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 27
7.27.1CSEL 5:495
In primo libello expositum a nobis est, Pompeium Trogum et Cornelium Tacitum commemorasse non plene quidem, nostrum uero Moysen, etiam ipsorum testimonio fidelem, fideliter sufficienterque dixisse, Aegyptios et regem eorum, cum populum Dei seruire intentum et paratum Deo suo, impediendae deuotionis instinctu ad lutum paleasque reuocarent, decem acerbissimis plagis fuisse uexatos.
In the first book we set out that Pompeius Trogus and Cornelius Tacitus had recorded, though not fully, and our Moses, faithful even by their own testimony, had told faithfully and sufficiently, that the Egyptians and their king, when they were calling back to mud and straw the people of God, intent and ready to serve their God, at the prompting to hinder their devotion, were harried by ten most bitter plagues.
Exod 5:7–18 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Recalling the ten plagues of Egypt.
- See Orosius, Histories 1.10. Compare Exod 5:7–18. Trogus survives in Justin's Epitome 36.2; Tacitus, Histories 5.3.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): reuooarent → reuocarent.
Extrabiblical texts: Tacitus, Hist. 5.3 (Tacitus; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.1 (CSEL 5:495; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.2CSEL 5:495–496
deinde uiolentia malorum edomitos non solum coegisse festinantem sed etiam propriis suis argenteis et aureis uasis accumulauisse. post, oblitos plagae suae et cupidos praedae indebitae, inuidos etiam religionis alienae, dum innocentes auide persequuntur, mari Rubro ultime receptos omnes funditus interisse. quod ego nunc refero ac renuntio, etsi forte fide non acceptatum, exitu tamen probandum, quia haec in figura nostri facta sunt.
Then, subdued by the violence of the evils, they not only compelled the people to hurry away but even loaded them with their own silver and gold vessels. Afterward, forgetting their blow and greedy for undeserved booty, envious too of another's religion, while they eagerly pursued the innocent, they were at last received by the Red Sea and all utterly perished. This I now relate and announce, even if perhaps it is not accepted by faith, yet to be proved by the outcome, because “these things were done as a figure of us.”
Exod 12:35–36 (allusion, high confidence) · Exod 14:28 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Cor 10:6 (quotation, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The Exodus as a figure of the church.
- Compare Exod 12:35–36; 14:23–28. “These things were done as a figure of us”: 1 Cor 10:6 (Vulg. “in figura facta sunt nostri”).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): mari Bubro → mari Rubro.
Topics: Scripture and canon, Interpreting Scripture
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.2 (CSEL 5:495–496; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.3CSEL 5:496
uterque populus unius Dei est, una populi utriusque causa. subdita fuit Israhelitarum synagoga Aegyptiis, subdita est Christianorum ecclesia Romanis. persecuti sunt Aegyptii, persecuti sunt et Romani. decem ibi contradictiones aduersus Moysen, decem hic edicta aduersus Christum; diuersae ibi plagae Aegyptiorum, diuersae hic calamitates Romanorum.
Each people is of the one God, one the cause of each people. The synagogue of the Israelites was subject to the Egyptians; the church of the Christians is subject to the Romans. The Egyptians persecuted; the Romans too persecuted. There were ten refusals there against Moses, ten edicts here against Christ; various plagues of the Egyptians there, various calamities of the Romans here.
Notes and citation
Summary: Israel and the church, Egypt and Rome, compared.
Topics: Persecution, Interpreting Scripture
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.3 (CSEL 5:496; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.4CSEL 5:496
nam, ut etiam ipsas inter se plagas, in quantum tamen figura formae conparari potest, conferam, ibi prima correptio habuit sanguinem uulgo uel manasse de puteis uel in fluminibus cucurrisse: hic prima sub Nerone exegit plaga, ut ubique morientium sanguis esset uel morbis in Vrbe corruptus uel bellis in Orbe profusus.
For, to compare the plagues themselves with one another, as far as a figure can be compared with its form: there, the first chastisement had blood flowing generally from the wells or running in the rivers; here, the first plague under Nero brought it about that everywhere there was blood of the dying, either corrupted by diseases in the City or poured out by wars in the world.
Exod 7:20–21 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The first plague: blood.
- Exod 7:20–21.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nam, nt etiam → nam, ut etiam.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.4 (CSEL 5:496; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.5CSEL 5:496
ibi sequens plaga prodidit, perstrepentes persultantesque in penetralibus ranas inediae propemodum causam habitatoribus atque exilii fuisse: hic sequens sub Domitiano poena similiter ostendit, satellitum militumque eius improbis effrenatisque discursibus cruentissimi iussa principis exsequentum ad inopiam paene omnes ciues Romanos adactos exilioque dispersos.
There the following plague brought forth frogs, croaking and leaping in the inner rooms, which were for the inhabitants almost a cause of hunger and exile; here the following punishment under Domitian similarly showed almost all Roman citizens driven to want and scattered in exile by the wicked and unbridled runnings to and fro of his guards and soldiers, executing the orders of a most bloody prince.
Exod 8:3–6 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The second plague: frogs.
- Exod 8:3–6.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray period): efirenatisque → effrenatisque; cruentissimi iussa. principis → cruentissimi iussa principis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.5 (CSEL 5:496; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.6CSEL 5:496–497
ibi tertia uexatio habuit sciniphes, musculas scilicet paruissimas ac saeuissimas, quae mediis saepe aestibus per loca squalida coadunatim uibrando densatae tinnulo uolatu adlabi solent capillisque hominum ac pecudum saetis cum urente morsu interseri: hic itidem tertia sub Traiano plaga Iudaeos excitauit, qui cum antea ubique dispersi ita iam quasi non essent quiescerent, repentino omnes calore permoti, in ipsos, inter quos erant, toto Orbe saeuierunt, absque magnis multarum urbium ruinis, quas crebri terrae motus isdem temporibus subruerunt.
There the third harassment had gnats, that is, very tiny and very fierce little flies, which often in midsummer, massed together in squalid places with a quivering motion, are wont to glide in with a whining flight and to work into the hair of men and the bristles of cattle with a burning bite; here likewise the third plague under Trajan stirred up the Jews, who, after being scattered everywhere before and resting as if they no longer existed, all moved by a sudden heat, raged over the whole world against the very people among whom they lived, apart from great ruins of many cities, which frequent earthquakes overthrew in the same times.
Exod 8:16–18 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The third plague: gnats.
- Exod 8:16–18.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.6 (CSEL 5:496–497; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.7CSEL 5:497
ibi in quarta plaga muscae caninae fuerunt, reuera alumnae putredinis uermiumque matres: hic itidem quarta sub Marco Antonino plaga, lues plurimis infusa prouinciis Italiam quoque cum urbe Roma uniuersam exercitumque Romanum, per longinquos limites et diuersa hiberna dispersum in mortem dissolutum putredini simul ac uermibus dedit.
There, in the fourth plague, there were dog flies, truly nurslings of putrefaction and mothers of worms; here likewise the fourth plague under Marcus Antoninus, a pestilence spread over very many provinces, gave over to putrefaction and worms alike all Italy too with the city of Rome, and the Roman army, scattered along distant frontiers and various winter quarters, dissolved in death.
Exod 8:21–24 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The fourth plague: flies.
- Exod 8:21–24. “Dog flies” (muscae caninae) is the Latin rendering of the swarm (Greek κυνόμυια).
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (stray period): diuersa hiberna dispersum. in mortem → diuersa hiberna dispersum in mortem.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.7 (CSEL 5:497; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.8CSEL 5:497
ibi quinta correptio pecorum ac iumentorum repentino interitu expleta est: hic similiter quinta ultione sub Seuero persecutore creberrimis ciuilibus bellis propria uiscera et adiumenta reipublicae, hoc est plebes prouinciarum et legiones militum, comminutae sunt.
There the fifth chastisement was accomplished by the sudden death of cattle and beasts of burden; here similarly, by the fifth vengeance under Severus the persecutor, through very frequent civil wars, the very vitals and supports of the commonwealth, that is, the common people of the provinces and the legions of soldiers, were crushed.
Exod 9:3–6 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The fifth plague: cattle.
- Exod 9:3–6.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.8 (CSEL 5:497; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.9CSEL 5:497–498
ibi sexta uexatio intulit uesicas efferuescentes ulceraque manantia: hic aeque sexta punitio, quae post Maximini persecutionem fuit, qui specialiter episcopos et clericos omissa turba populari, hoc est ecclesiarum primates, trucidari imperauerat, intumescens crebro ira atque inuidia non per uulgi caedem sed per uulnera mortesque principum ac potentium exhalata est.
There the sixth harassment brought boiling blisters and running sores; here likewise the sixth punishment, which came after the persecution of Maximinus, who had ordered specifically that bishops and clergy, that is, the leaders of the churches, be slaughtered, passing over the common crowd, swelling often with anger and envy, was breathed out not through the slaughter of the common people but through the wounds and deaths of princes and powerful men.
Exod 9:9–10 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The sixth plague: boils.
- Exod 9:9–10.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.9 (CSEL 5:497–498; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.10CSEL 5:498
ibi septima plaga numeratur coacto aere grando profusa, quae hominibus iumentis satisque exitio fuit: hic similiter septima sub Gallo et Volusiano, qui persecutori Decio mox interfecto successerant, plaga extitit corrupto aere pestis infusa, quae per omnia Romani regni ab Oriente in Occidentem spatia cum omne propemodum genus hominum et pecudum neci dedit tum etiam Corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula tabo.
There the seventh plague is counted, hail poured out from thickened air, which was destruction to men, beasts, and crops; here similarly the seventh plague appeared under Gallus and Volusianus, who had succeeded the persecutor Decius when he was soon killed: a pestilence poured in from corrupted air, which through all the spaces of the Roman realm from East to West both gave over to death almost every kind of men and cattle and also “corrupted the lakes and infected the pastures with gore.”
Exod 9:23–25 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The seventh plague: hail.
- Exod 9:23–25. The last words are Virgil, Georgics 3.481.
Extrabiblical texts: Virgil, Georg. 3.481 (Virgil; quotation)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.10 (CSEL 5:498; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.11CSEL 5:498
ibi octauam Aegypti contritionem fecere excitatae undique lucustae, tenentes terentes tegentesque omnia: hic octauam aeque in subuersionem Romani orbis excitatae undique intulere gentes, quae caedibus atque incendiis cunctas prouincias deleuerunt.
There locusts, roused from everywhere, holding, wearing down, and covering everything, made the eighth crushing of Egypt; here likewise the peoples roused from everywhere brought the eighth for the overthrow of the Roman world, destroying all the provinces with slaughter and fire.
Exod 10:12–15 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The eighth plague: locusts.
- Exod 10:12–15.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.11 (CSEL 5:498; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.12CSEL 5:498–499
ibi nona turbatio diuturnas crassas ac paene tractabiles tenebras habuit, plus omnino periculi comminata quam fecit: hic itidem nona correptio fuit, cum Aureliano persecutionem decernenti diris turbinibus terribile ac triste fulmen sub ipsis pedibus ruit ostendens, quid, cum ultio talis exigeret, tantus possit ultor, nisi et clemens esset et patiens; quamquam intra sex abhinc menses tres succidui imperatores, hoc est Aurelianus Tacitus et Florianus, diuersis causis interfecti sunt.
There the ninth disturbance had long, thick, and almost tangible darkness, threatening altogether more danger than it caused; here likewise there was a ninth chastisement, when, as Aurelian was decreeing a persecution, a terrible and grim thunderbolt fell with dreadful whirlwinds right under his feet, showing what so great an avenger could do when such vengeance was demanded, were he not both merciful and patient; although within six months from then three successive emperors, that is, Aurelian, Tacitus, and Florianus, were killed for various reasons.
Exod 10:21–23 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The ninth plague: darkness.
- Exod 10:21–23.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.12 (CSEL 5:498–499; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.13CSEL 5:499
ibi postremo decima plaga, quae et nouissima omnium fuit, interfectio filiorum, quos primos quique genuerant: hic nihilo minus decima id est nouissima poena est omnium perditio idolorum, quae primitus facta in primis amabant.
There, finally, the tenth plague, which was also the last of all, was the killing of the sons whom each had begotten first; here no less the tenth, that is, the last punishment, is the destruction of all the idols, which, made first, they loved among the first.
Exod 12:29 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: The tenth plague: the firstborn and the idols.
- Exod 12:29.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.13 (CSEL 5:499; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.14CSEL 5:499
Ibi rex potentiam Dei sensit probauit et timuit ac per hoc populum Dei liberum abire permisit: hic rex potentiam Dei sensit probauit et credidit ac per hoc populum Dei liberum esse permisit. ibi numquam postea populus Dei ad seruitutem retractus: hic numquam postea populus Dei ad idololatriam coactus est. ibi Aegyptiorum uasa pretiosa Hebraeis tradita sunt: hic in ecclesias Christianorum praecipua paganorum templa cesserunt.
There the king felt, proved, and feared the power of God and so allowed the people of God to go free; here the king felt, proved, and believed the power of God and so allowed the people of God to be free. There the people of God was never afterward drawn back into slavery; here the people of God was never afterward forced into idolatry. There the precious vessels of the Egyptians were handed over to the Hebrews; here the chief temples of the pagans passed to the churches of the Christians.
Exod 12:31–36 (allusion, high confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Pharaoh and Constantine compared.
- Exod 12:31–36.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.14 (CSEL 5:499; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.15CSEL 5:499
sane illud, ut dixi, denuntiandum puto, quia, sicut Aegyptiis post has decem plagas dimissos Hebraeos persequi molientibus inruit per superductum mare aeterna perditio, ita et nos quidem libere peregrinantes superuentura quandoque persecutio gentilium manet, donec mare Rubrum, hoc est ignem iudicii, ipso domino nostro Iesu Christo duce et iudice transeamus.
Indeed, as I said, I think this must be announced: that, as eternal destruction fell on the Egyptians, when they tried to pursue the released Hebrews after these ten plagues, through the sea drawn over them, so too a persecution of the gentiles, to come some day, awaits us, freely journeying as pilgrims, until we cross the Red Sea, that is, the fire of judgment, with our Lord Jesus Christ himself as leader and judge.
Exod 14:26–28 (allusion, high confidence) · 1 Cor 10:1–2 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: A final persecution awaits before the judgment.
- Exod 14:26–28; compare 1 Cor 10:1–2.
Topics: Eschatology, Persecution, The last judgment
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.15 (CSEL 5:499; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.27.16CSEL 5:499–500
hi uero, in quos Aegyptiorum forma transfunditur, permissa ad tempus potestate saeuientes grauissimis quidem permissu Dei Christianos cruciatibus persequentur; uerumtamen idem omnes inimici Christi cum rege suo Antichristo accepti stagno ignis aeterni, quod magna impediente caligine dum non uidetur intratur, perpetuam perditionem immortalibus arsuri suppliciis sortientur.
But these, into whom the figure of the Egyptians passes, raging with power permitted for a time, will persecute Christians, by God's permission, with very heavy tortures; yet all these same enemies of Christ, with their king Antichrist, received into the lake of eternal fire, which, because it is not seen through the great darkness that hinders, is entered, will obtain perpetual destruction, to burn in undying punishments.
Rev 19:20 (allusion, high confidence) · Rev 20:10 (allusion, medium confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Antichrist and his followers will perish in the lake of fire.
- Compare Rev 19:20; 20:10.
Topics: Eschatology, Antichrist, Hell and eternal punishment
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.27.16 (CSEL 5:499–500; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-27-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 28
7.28.1CSEL 5:500
Igitur mortuo, ut dixi, Constantio in Britanniis Constantinus imperator creatus, primus imperatorum Christianus excepto Philippo, qui Christianus annis admodum paucissimis ad hoc tantum constitutus fuisse mihi uisus est, ut millesimus Romae annus Christo potius quam idolis dicaretur.
So, when Constantius had died, as I said, in the Britains, Constantine was created emperor, the first of the emperors to be a Christian, except Philip, who, a Christian for very few years, seems to me to have been appointed only so that the thousandth year of Rome should be dedicated to Christ rather than to idols.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine, the first Christian emperor after Philip.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Constantinns imperator → Constantinus imperator.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.1 (CSEL 5:500; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.2CSEL 5:500
a Constantino autem omnes semper Christiani imperatores usque in hodiernum diem creati sunt excepto Iuliano, quem impia, ut aiunt, machinantem exitiabilis uita deseruit.
And from Constantine all emperors have always been created Christians down to the present day, except Julian, whom, as they say, a deadly life deserted while he was plotting impious things.
Notes and citation
Summary: All emperors since have been Christian except Julian.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.2 (CSEL 5:500; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.3CSEL 5:500
haec est lenta illa paganorum poena sed certa; hinc sani insaniunt, hinc non uulnerati conpunguntur, hinc ridentes gemunt, hinc uiuentes deficiunt, hinc secreto excruciantur, quos nemo persequitur, hinc iam paucissimi remanserunt, qui numquam aliquo persequente puniti sunt.
This is that slow but certain punishment of the pagans; from this the sane go mad, from this the unwounded are pierced, from this those who laugh groan, from this the living fail, from this those whom no one persecutes are tortured in secret; from this very few now remain who were never punished by any persecutor.
Notes and citation
Summary: The pagans' slow punishment.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): haec eet lenta → haec est lenta; non unlnerati → non uulnerati.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.3 (CSEL 5:500; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.4CSEL 5:500–501
uerumtamen qualis tunc persecutores illos, de quorum impunitate non solum gloriari sed etiam insultare conantur, finis mansit, expediam.
Nevertheless I shall set out what end then awaited those persecutors, of whose impunity they try not only to boast but even to insult us.
Notes and citation
Summary: Orosius will tell the persecutors' ends.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nernmtamen → uerumtamen.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.4 (CSEL 5:500–501; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.5CSEL 5:501
Constantino in Galliis strenuissime rempublicam procurante praetoriani milites Romae Maxentium filium Herculii, qui priuatus in Lucania morabatur, Augustum nuncupauerunt.
While Constantine was governing the commonwealth most vigorously in the Gauls, the praetorian soldiers at Rome proclaimed as Augustus Maxentius, son of Herculius, who was living as a private man in Lucania.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maxentius is proclaimed at Rome.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): nuncupaneruat → nuncupauerunt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.5 (CSEL 5:501; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.6CSEL 5:501
Maximianus Herculius, iam ex Augusto privatus et adhuc publicus persecutor, occasione filii sollicitatus, qui imperium abiecerat, arripuit tyrannidem.
Maximian Herculius, now a private man after being Augustus and still a public persecutor, enticed by the opportunity of his son, he who had cast off the empire seized tyranny.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximian resumes power.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.6 (CSEL 5:501; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.7CSEL 5:501
Galerius Augustus Seuerum Caesarem aduersus Maxentium Romam cum exercitu misit.
Galerius Augustus sent Severus Caesar with an army to Rome against Maxentius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Severus is sent against Maxentius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Galerius Augugtus → Galerius Augustus; cum exercita misit → cum exercitu misit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.7 (CSEL 5:501; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.8CSEL 5:501
Seuerus cum Vrbem obsideret, militum suorum scelere desertus et proditus atque ex eo fugiens Rauennae interfectus est.
Severus, while besieging the City, deserted and betrayed by the crime of his soldiers, and fleeing because of it, was killed at Ravenna.
Notes and citation
Summary: Severus is betrayed and killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Seaerus cum → Seuerus cum; suorum seelere → suorum scelere.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.8 (CSEL 5:501; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.9CSEL 5:501
Herculius Maximianus, persecutor et ex Augusto tyrannus, confirmatum iam in imperio filium ueste ac potestate regia spoliare conatus, conuiciis autem ac tumultibus militum palam conterritus in Galliam profectus est, ut Constantino genero aeque dolis iunctus auferret imperium.
Herculius Maximian, persecutor and, from being Augustus, a tyrant, tried to strip his son, now confirmed in the empire, of royal dress and power, but, openly terrified by the abuse and tumults of the soldiers, set out for Gaul to take away the empire by guile from Constantine, his son-in-law, joined to him equally by treachery.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximian plots against Constantine.
- “aeque dolis iunctus” is obscure; translated literally.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; digitization slips; split word): perseentor et ex Angqsto → persecutor et ex Augusto; tu multibus → tumultibus; ut Constantine genero → ut Constantino genero.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.9 (CSEL 5:501; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.10CSEL 5:501
sed per filiam deprehensus et proditus, deinde in fugam uersus Massiliae oppressus et interfectus est.
But detected and betrayed by his daughter, then turned to flight, he was overtaken at Massilia and killed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximian's death at Marseilles.
- Compare Lactantius, Deaths of the Persecutors 29–30.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): per fiiiam → per filiam.
Extrabiblical texts: Lactantius, Mort. 29-30 (On the Deaths of the Persecutors; allusion)
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.10 (CSEL 5:501; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.11CSEL 5:501
porro Galerius occiso Seuero Licinium imperatorem creauit.
Then Galerius, after Severus was killed, created Licinius emperor.
Notes and citation
Summary: Licinius is made emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.11 (CSEL 5:501; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.12CSEL 5:501–502
cumque persecutionem a Diocletiano et Maximiano missam ipse atrocioribus edictis adcumulauisset ac postquam per annos decem omni genere hominum exhausit prouincias, putrefacto introrsum pectore et uitalibus dissolutis, cum ultra horrorem humanae miseriae etiam uermes eructaret neque medici ultra iam foetorem ferentes crebro iussu eius occiderentur:
And when he had heaped up with more savage edicts the persecution sent out by Diocletian and Maximian, and after he had drained the provinces of every kind of men for ten years, his chest rotting within and his vitals dissolving, when beyond the horror of human misery he was even belching out worms, and the physicians, no longer able to bear the stench, were being killed at his frequent order:
Notes and citation
Summary: Galerius's horrible disease.
- Compare Lactantius, Deaths of the Persecutors 33; Eusebius, Church History 8.16.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): perseeutionem → persecutionem.
Extrabiblical texts: Lactantius, Mort. 33 (On the Deaths of the Persecutors; allusion); Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 8.16 (Church History; allusion)
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.12 (CSEL 5:501–502; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.13CSEL 5:502
a quodam medico constantiam ex desperatione sumente increpitus, iram Dei esse poenam suam atque ideo a medicis non posse curari, edictis late missis Christianos de exiliis reuocauit. ipse autem cruciatus non sustinens uim uitae suae adtulit.
rebuked by a certain physician who took courage from despair, that his punishment was the wrath of God and therefore could not be cured by physicians, he sent edicts far and wide and recalled the Christians from exile. He himself, unable to bear the torments, laid violent hands on his own life.
Notes and citation
Summary: Galerius ends the persecution and dies.
- The suicide is Orosius's own report; Lactantius and Eusebius describe death by the disease.
Extrabiblical texts: Lactantius, Mort. 34-35 (On the Deaths of the Persecutors; allusion)
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.13 (CSEL 5:502; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.14CSEL 5:502
ita respublica tunc sub nouis quattuor principibus fuit Constantino et Maxentio, filiis Augustorum, Licinio autem et Maximino, hominibus nouis.
So the commonwealth was then under four new princes, Constantine and Maxentius, sons of Augusti, and Licinius and Maximinus, new men.
Notes and citation
Summary: Four rulers.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): sub nonis quattuor → sub nouis quattuor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.14 (CSEL 5:502; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.15CSEL 5:502
Constantinus pacem ecclesiis post decem annos quam a persecutoribus uexabantur indulsit.
Constantine granted peace to the churches ten years after they had been harried by the persecutors.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine gives peace to the church.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.15 (CSEL 5:502; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.16CSEL 5:502
deinde inter Constantinum et Maxentium bellum ciuile exortum est. Maxentius, saepe multis proeliis fatigatus, ultime ad pontem Muluium uictus et interfectus est.
Then a civil war arose between Constantine and Maxentius. Maxentius, worn down by many battles, was at last defeated and killed at the Mulvian bridge.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maxentius is defeated at the Milvian Bridge.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.16 (CSEL 5:502; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.17CSEL 5:502–503
Maximinus, persecutionis Christianorum incentor exsecutorque infestissimus, apud Tharsum, dum ciuile bellum contra Licinium disponit, interiit.
Maximinus, the most hostile instigator and executor of the persecution of Christians, died at Tarsus while he was arranging a civil war against Licinius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Maximinus Daia dies.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.17 (CSEL 5:502–503; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.18CSEL 5:503
Licinius, repentina rabie suscitatus, omnes Christianos e palatio suo iussit expelli. mox bellum inter ipsum Licinium et Constantinum efferbuit.
Licinius, roused by sudden madness, ordered all Christians to be expelled from his palace. Soon war blazed up between Licinius himself and Constantine.
Notes and citation
Summary: Licinius turns on the Christians.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): susoitatus → suscitatus.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.18 (CSEL 5:503; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.19CSEL 5:503
sed Constantinus Licinium, sororis suae uirum, in Pannonia primum uicit, deinde apud Cibalas oppressit uniuersaque Graecia potitus Licinium crebris bellis terra marique adsurgentem et repressum tandem ad deditionem coegit;
But Constantine first defeated Licinius, his sister's husband, in Pannonia, then crushed him at Cibalae, and, having gained all Greece, at last forced Licinius, rising again in frequent wars by land and sea and held down, to surrender;
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine defeats Licinius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Constantinus Lioinium → Constantinus Licinium.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.19 (CSEL 5:503; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-19). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-19
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.20CSEL 5:503
sed Herculii Maximiani soceri sui motus exemplo, ne iterum depositam purpuram in perniciem reipublicae sumeret, priuatum iussit occidi;
but, moved by the example of his father-in-law Herculius Maximian, lest he should again take up the purple he had laid down to the ruin of the commonwealth, he ordered him killed as a private man;
Notes and citation
Summary: Licinius is executed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Maximiani soceri qui motus → Maximiani soceri sui motus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.20 (CSEL 5:503; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-20). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-20
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.21CSEL 5:503
quamuis omnibus iam ministris nefariae persecutionis extinctis hunc quoque in quantum exerere potuit persecutorem digna punitio flagitaret.
although, when all the ministers of the wicked persecution had already been destroyed, a fitting punishment was demanding this man too, as a persecutor as far as he could act it out.
Notes and citation
Summary: Licinius too was a persecutor.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.21 (CSEL 5:503; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-21). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-21
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.22CSEL 5:503
Constantini filii, Crispus et Constantinus et Licinius adulescens, Licini Augusti filius, Constantini autem ex sorore nepos, Caesares sunt creati.
Constantine's sons, Crispus and Constantine, and the young Licinius, son of Licinius Augustus and Constantine's nephew by his sister, were created Caesars.
Notes and citation
Summary: New Caesars.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.22 (CSEL 5:503; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-22). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-22
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.23CSEL 5:503–504
His diebus Arrius, Alexandrinae urbis presbyter, a ueritate fidei catholicae deuians, exitiabile plurimis dogma constituit.
In these days Arius, a presbyter of the city of Alexandria, straying from the truth of the catholic faith, established a doctrine deadly to very many.
Notes and citation
Summary: Arius's heresy.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.23 (CSEL 5:503–504; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-23). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-23
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.24CSEL 5:504
qui simul ut primam Alexandriae vel notus vel notatus inter confusos uulgo sectatores insectatoresque factus est, ab Alexandro, eiusdem tunc urbis episcopo, pulsus ecclesia est.
As soon as he became, at Alexandria first, either known or notorious among confused crowds of followers and opponents, he was driven from the church by Alexander, then bishop of the same city.
Notes and citation
Summary: Alexander expels Arius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): inUr → inter.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.24 (CSEL 5:504; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-24). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-24
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.25CSEL 5:504
cumque homines, quos in errorem seduxerat, etiam in seditionem excitaret, apud Nicaeam urbem Bithyniae conuentus trecentorum decem et octo episcoporum factus est, per quos Arrianum dogma exitiabile et miserum esse euidentissime deprehensum, palam proditum ac reprobatum est.
And when he was stirring up even to sedition the men whom he had led into error, an assembly of three hundred and eighteen bishops was held at Nicaea, a city of Bithynia, by whom the Arian doctrine was most clearly detected to be deadly and wretched, publicly exposed, and condemned.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Council of Nicaea condemns Arius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): palam proditum ae reprobatum → palam proditum ac reprobatum.
Extrabiblical texts: Conc. Nic. (Creed and Canons of the Council of Nicaea (325); allusion)
Topics: Heresy, Trinity, Arianism, Councils and creeds
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.25 (CSEL 5:504; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-25). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-25
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.26CSEL 5:504
sed inter haec latent causae, cur uindicem gladium et destinatam in impios punitionem Constantinus imperator etiam in proprios egit affectus. nam Crispum filium suum et Licinium sororis filium interfecit.
But amid these things the causes lie hidden why the emperor Constantine turned the avenging sword and the punishment destined for the impious even against his own kin. For he killed his son Crispus and his sister's son Licinius.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine kills Crispus and young Licinius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; word split across sections; completed in 7.28.27): Licixium → Licinium; interfecit. prae- → interfecit..
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.26 (CSEL 5:504; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-26). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-26
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.27CSEL 5:504–505
praeterea multas gentes diuersis proeliis subegit. urbem nominis sui Romanorum regum uel primus uel solus instituit. quae sola expers idolorum ad hoc breuissimo tempore condita a Christiano imperatore prouecta est, ut sola Romae, tot saeculis miseriisque prouectae, forma et potentia merito possit aequari.
Besides, he subdued many nations in various battles. He was either the first or the only one of the Roman rulers to found a city of his own name. This city, alone free of idols, founded by a Christian emperor, was advanced in a very short time to such a point that it alone can deservedly be equaled in beauty and power to Rome, which was advanced through so many ages and miseries.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine founds Constantinople.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (word split across sections in the digital text): terea multas → praeterea multas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.27 (CSEL 5:504–505; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-27). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-27
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.28CSEL 5:505
tum deinde primus Constantinus iusto ordine et pio uicem uertit: edicto siquidem statuit citra ullam hominum caedem paganorum templa dandi.
Then Constantine was the first to turn things around in just and pious order: for he decreed by edict that the temples of the pagans be closed without any slaughter of men.
Textual problem in this passage: see the notes.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine closes the pagan temples.
- The last word, “dandi,” is corrupt in the digital text; “claudi” (be closed) is required by the sense and translated so.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips; stray comma): Costantinus iasto ordine et pio nieem uertit → Constantinus iusto ordine et pio uicem uertit; citra ullam, hominum → citra ullam hominum.
Topics: Paganism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.28 (CSEL 5:505; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-28). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-28
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.29CSEL 5:505
mox Gothorum fortissimas et copiosissimas gentes in ipso barbarici soli sinu, hoc est in Sarmatarum regione, deleuit.
Soon he destroyed the very strong and numerous peoples of the Goths in the very heart of barbarian soil, that is, in the region of the Sarmatians.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine defeats the Goths.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): rex Gothorum → mox Gothorum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.29 (CSEL 5:505; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-29). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-29
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.30CSEL 5:505
Calocaerum quendam in Cypro adspirantem nouis rebus oppressit. tricennalibus suis Dalmatiam Caesarem legit.
He crushed a certain Calocaerus in Cyprus, who was aspiring to revolution. At his thirtieth anniversary he chose Dalmatius as Caesar.
Notes and citation
Summary: Calocaerus is crushed; Dalmatius made Caesar.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): adspirantem nonis rebus → adspirantem nouis rebus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.30 (CSEL 5:505; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-30). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-30
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.28.31CSEL 5:505
cumque bellum in Persas moliretur, in uilla publica iuxta Nicomediam, dispositam bene rempublicam filiis tradens, diem obiit.
And while he was preparing a war against the Persians, he died in a public villa near Nicomedia, handing over to his sons a well-ordered commonwealth.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine dies near Nicomedia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): in nilla publica → in uilla publica.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.28.31 (CSEL 5:505; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-31). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-28-31
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 29
7.29.1CSEL 5:505–506
Anno ab Vrbe condita MXCII Constantius tricensimus quintus cum Constantino et Constante fratribus suis adeptus imperium uiginti et quattuor annis tenuit. fuit inter successores Constantini et Dalmatius Caesar fratris filius, sed continuo militari factione decerptus est.
In the 1092nd year from the founding of the City, Constantius, thirty-fifth, having obtained the empire with his brothers Constantine and Constans, held it twenty-four years. Among the successors of Constantine there was also Dalmatius Caesar, his brother's son, but he was at once cut off by a military faction.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantine's sons succeed him.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Vrbe eondita → Vrbe condita.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.1 (CSEL 5:505–506; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.2CSEL 5:506
interea maligna semper aduersus Deum uerum diaboli insectatio, quae ab initio mundi usque ad nunc a sincero fidei religionisque tramite offusis errorum nebulis lubrica hominum corda perturbat, postquam Christianis imperatoribus summam regiae potestatis in meliora uertentibus Ecclesiam Christi zelo idololatriae persequi destitit, aliud machinamentum, quo per eosdem Christianos imperatores Christi Ecclesiam uexaret, inuenit.
Meanwhile the devil's malignant attack, always against the true God, which from the beginning of the world until now, spreading mists of errors, troubles the slippery hearts of men away from the pure path of faith and religion, after it ceased to persecute the church of Christ with zeal for idolatry, as the Christian emperors turned the supremacy of royal power to better things, found another device by which to harass the church of Christ through those same Christian emperors.
Notes and citation
Summary: The devil turns to heresy.
Topics: Heresy
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.2 (CSEL 5:506; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.3CSEL 5:506
fit igitur Arrio, noui erroris auctori, ceterisque discipulis ipsius ad familiaritatem Constantii imperatoris promptus aditus et facilis uia. suadetur Constantio, ut quosdam in Deo gradus credat, et qui per ianuam ab errore idololatriae fuerat egressus, rursum in sinum eius, dum in Deo deos quaerit, tamquam per pseudothyrum inducitur.
So a ready access and an easy way to familiarity with the emperor Constantius is made for Arius, the author of the new error, and his other disciples. Constantius is persuaded to believe in certain degrees in God, and he who had gone out by the door from the error of idolatry is led back into its bosom, as if through a back door, while he seeks gods in God.
John 10:1 (echo, low confidence)
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantius is drawn into Arianism.
- The door imagery recalls John 10:1–9.
Topics: Heresy, Trinity, Arianism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.3 (CSEL 5:506; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.4CSEL 5:506
peruerso igitur zelo potestas armatur inlusa et sub nomine pietatis uis persecutionis agitatur. de noua nominis electione contenditur, ut Arrianorum potius ecclesiae quam catholicorum sint.
So power, deceived, is armed with perverse zeal, and under the name of piety the force of persecution is set in motion. The dispute is about a new choice of name, that the churches should belong to the Arians rather than to the catholics.
Notes and citation
Summary: Arian persecution of the catholics.
Topics: Heresy, Persecution, Arianism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.4 (CSEL 5:506; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.5CSEL 5:506–507
sequitur terrae motus horribilis, qui plurimas Orientis urbes solo strauit. Constantinus dum Constantem fratrem bello insectatur, incauta petulantia periculis sese offerens, a ducibus eius occisus est.
A horrible earthquake follows, which leveled very many cities of the East. Constantine, while attacking his brother Constans in war, exposing himself to dangers with careless wantonness, was killed by his brother's generals.
Notes and citation
Summary: An earthquake; Constantine II is killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.5 (CSEL 5:506–507; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.6CSEL 5:507
Constans aduersus Persas et Saporem, qui Mesopotamiam uastauerat, nouem proeliis parum prospere decertauit. nouissime seditione atque intemperantia militum nocte adoriri pugnam coactus, patratam paene uictoriam insuper uictus amisit.
Constans fought nine battles with little success against the Persians and Sapor, who had laid waste Mesopotamia. At last, forced by the sedition and intemperance of his soldiers to attack at night, he lost a victory almost won and was defeated besides.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantius fights the Persians.
- “Constans” as printed; the war with Sapor was fought by Constantius.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): aduersus Pereas → aduersus Persas.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.6 (CSEL 5:507; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.7CSEL 5:507
post cum se intolerandis uitiis dedisset ac poena prouincialium fauorem militum compararet, Magnentii dolis in oppido, cui Helena nomen est, in proximo Hispaniae interfectus est.
Afterward, when he had given himself up to intolerable vices and was winning the favor of the soldiers at the cost of the provincials, he was killed by the treachery of Magnentius in a town called Helena, near Spain.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constans is killed by Magnentius.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.7 (CSEL 5:507; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.8CSEL 5:507
Magnentius enim apud Augustodunum arripuit imperium, quod continuo per Galliam Africam Italiamque porrexit.
For Magnentius seized the empire at Augustodunum and at once extended it through Gaul, Africa, and Italy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Magnentius usurps.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.8 (CSEL 5:507; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.9CSEL 5:507
in Illyrico autem Vetranionem, aetate grandaeuum, imperatorem sibi milites creauerunt, uirum natura simplicem cunctisque iucundum, sed qui ne prima quidem umquam litterarum elementa didicisset.
In Illyricum, however, the soldiers made Vetranio emperor, a man of great age, simple by nature and pleasant to all, but one who had never learned even the first elements of letters.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vetranio is made emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.9 (CSEL 5:507; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.10CSEL 5:507–508
itaque cum primas litteras litterarumque syllabas imperator senex interdum inuitus meditaretur, a Constantio, qui tunc in Magnentium ultione fratris accensus bellum parabat, deponere iussus imperium, abiciens cum litteris purpuras contentusque priuatis feriis, palatium simul scholamque dimisit.
So, while the old emperor was practicing the first letters and the syllables of letters, sometimes against his will, ordered by Constantius, who was then preparing war against Magnentius, kindled to avenge his brother, to lay down the empire, he threw off the purple together with letters and, content with private leisure, dismissed palace and school at once.
Notes and citation
Summary: Vetranio abdicates.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.10 (CSEL 5:507–508; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.11CSEL 5:508
Nepotianus deinde Romae, Constantini sororis filius, gladiatorum manu fretus inuasit imperium: qui deinde cum inprobus ac per hoc inuisus cunctis esset, a Magnentianis ducibus oppressus est.
Then Nepotianus at Rome, son of Constantine's sister, relying on a band of gladiators, seized the empire; since he was wicked and therefore hated by all, he was crushed by Magnentius's generals.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nepotianus's revolt.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.11 (CSEL 5:508; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.12CSEL 5:508
sequitur bellum illud horribile inter Constantium Magnentiumque apud Mursam urbem gestum, in quo multa Romanorum uirium profligatio etiam in posterum nocuit.
There follows that horrible war fought between Constantius and Magnentius at the city of Mursa, in which the great loss of Roman strength did harm even into the future.
Notes and citation
Summary: The battle of Mursa.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.12 (CSEL 5:508; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.13CSEL 5:508
Magnentius tamen uictus aufugit ac non multo post apud Lugdunum propria se manu interfecit. Decentius quoque frater eiusdem, quem Caesarem Galliis praefecerat, apud Senonas laqueo uitam finiuit.
Magnentius, however, defeated, fled and not long after killed himself with his own hand at Lugdunum. Decentius too, his brother, whom he had set over the Gauls as Caesar, ended his life with a noose at Senones.
Notes and citation
Summary: Magnentius and Decentius die.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): uictus anfngit → uictus aufugit.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.13 (CSEL 5:508; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.14CSEL 5:508
continuo Constantius Gallum, patrui filium, Caesarem legit: quem rursus crudeliter ac tyrannice agentem paulo post quam crearat occidit. Siluanum quoque, per Gallias rebus nouis inhiantem, mature circumueniendum opprimendumque curauit.
At once Constantius chose Gallus, his uncle's son, as Caesar; and when he acted cruelly and tyrannically, he killed him a little after he had made him. He also saw to it that Silvanus, who was gaping after revolution throughout the Gauls, was promptly surrounded and crushed.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gallus and Silvanus are killed.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): rebus nonis inhiantem → rebus nouis inhiantem; circumueuiendum → circumueniendum.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.14 (CSEL 5:508; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.15CSEL 5:508–509
igitur Siluano interfecto Iulianum patruelem suum, Galli fratrem, Caesarem creatum misit ad Gallias; itaque Iulianus Caesar euersas oppressasque ab hoste Gallias strenuissime in integrum restituit, Alamannorum paruis copiis magnam multitudinem fudit, Rheno Germanos reuinxit.
So, Silvanus having been killed, he made his cousin Julian, brother of Gallus, Caesar and sent him to the Gauls; and so Julian Caesar most vigorously restored the Gauls, overthrown and oppressed by the enemy, to their whole condition, routed a great multitude of the Alamanni with small forces, and bound the Germans behind the Rhine.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julian restores Gaul.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.15 (CSEL 5:508–509; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.16CSEL 5:509
his elatus successibus fastigium usurpauit Augusti et mox Italiam Illyricumque peruadens Constantium Parthicis proeliis occupatum regni parte priuauit.
Elated by these successes, he usurped the rank of Augustus and soon, overrunning Italy and Illyricum, deprived Constantius, who was occupied with Parthian battles, of part of his realm.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julian usurps the title of Augustus.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): suooessibus → successibus.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.16 (CSEL 5:509; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-16). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-16
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.17CSEL 5:509
Constantius Iuliani scelere comperto dimissa expeditione Parthorum dum ad ciuile bellum reuertitur, in itinere inter Ciliciam Cappadociamque defunctus est.
Constantius, learning of Julian's crime, abandoned the Parthian expedition, and while returning to civil war died on the journey between Cilicia and Cappadocia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantius dies.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.17 (CSEL 5:509; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-17). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-17
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.29.18CSEL 5:509
ita ille qui discissa pace et unitate fidei catholicae Christianos aduersum Christianos armans ciuili, ut ita dicam, bello Ecclesiae membra dilacerauerat, totum inquieti tempus imperii molestissimumque spatium uitae suae bellis ciuilibus etiam per propinquos et consanguineos excitatis exercuit exegit expendit.
So he who, tearing apart the peace and unity of the catholic faith and arming Christians against Christians in a civil war, so to speak, had torn the members of the church, spent, used up, and paid out the whole time of his restless rule and the most troubled span of his life in civil wars, stirred up even through relatives and kinsmen.
Notes and citation
Summary: Constantius, who divided the church, was harried by civil wars.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip; stray periods and digitization slip): discissa paee → discissa pace; armans oiuili → armans ciuili; uitae suae. bellis. oiuilibus → uitae suae bellis ciuilibus.
Topics: Heresy, Schism and unity
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.29.18 (CSEL 5:509; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-18). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-29-18
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 30
7.30.1CSEL 5:509
Anno ab Vrbe condita MCXVI Iulianus dudum Caesar, post autem tricesimus sextus ab Augusto rerum potitus anno uno et mensibus octo imperii summam solus obtinuit.
In the 1116th year from the founding of the City, Julian, formerly Caesar, afterward thirty-sixth from Augustus, gained supreme power and held the sum of empire alone for one year and eight months.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julian becomes sole emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.30.1 (CSEL 5:509; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.30.2CSEL 5:509
Christianam religionem arte potius quam potestate insectatus, ut negaretur fides Christi et idolorum cultus susciperetur, honoribus magis prouocare quam tormentis cogere studuit.
Attacking the Christian religion by craft rather than by power, he strove rather to entice by honors than to compel by tortures, so that faith in Christ might be denied and the worship of idols taken up.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julian's subtle persecution.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.30.2 (CSEL 5:509; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.30.3CSEL 5:509–510
aperto tamen praecepit edicto, ne quis Christianus docendorum liberalium studiorum professor esset. sed tamen, sicut a maioribus nostris compertum habemus, omnes ubique propemodum praecepti condiciones amplexati officium quam fidem deserere maluerunt.
Yet he ordered by an open edict that no Christian should be a professor teaching the liberal studies. But nevertheless, as we have learned from our elders, almost all everywhere, embracing the terms of the order, preferred to give up their office rather than their faith.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julian bars Christians from teaching.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): aperto tamen praeoepit → aperto tamen praecepit.
Topics: Persecution, Classical learning and education
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.30.3 (CSEL 5:509–510; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.30.4CSEL 5:510
Iulianus autem bellum aduersum Parthos parans cum Romanas uires contractas undique ad destinatam secum traheret perditionem, Christianorum sanguinem dis suis uouit, palam persecuturus ecclesias, si uictoriam potuisset adipisci.
But Julian, preparing war against the Parthians, while he was dragging Roman forces gathered from everywhere with him to their appointed destruction, vowed the blood of Christians to his gods, intending openly to persecute the churches if he could win the victory.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julian vows Christian blood to his gods.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Inlianns autem → Iulianus autem.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.30.4 (CSEL 5:510; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.30.5CSEL 5:510
nam et amphitheatrum Hierosolymis extrui iussit, in quo reuersus a Parthis episcopos monachos omnesque eius loci sanctos bestiis etiam arte saeuioribus obiceret spectaretque laniandos.
For he also ordered an amphitheater to be built at Jerusalem, in which, on returning from the Parthians, he might throw bishops, monks, and all the saints of that place to beasts made even more savage by art, and watch them being torn apart.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julian's planned amphitheater at Jerusalem.
Topics: Persecution
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.30.5 (CSEL 5:510; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.30.6CSEL 5:510–511
itaque postquam a Ctesiphonte castra mouit, dolo cuiusdam transfugae in deserta perductus, cum ui sitis et ardore solis atque insuper labore harenarum confectus periret exercitus, imperator tanto rerum periculo anxius dum per uasta deserti incautius euagatur, ab obuio quodam hostium equite conto ictus interiit. sic misericors Deus impia consilia impii morte dissoluit.
So after he moved camp from Ctesiphon, led into the desert by the treachery of a certain deserter, when the army was perishing, worn out by the force of thirst and the heat of the sun and the toil of the sands besides, the emperor, anxious at so great a danger, while he wandered somewhat carelessly through the wastes of the desert, was struck by a lance by a certain enemy horseman who met him, and died. So the merciful God undid the impious plans by the death of the impious man.
Notes and citation
Summary: Julian's death in Persia.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cum ni sitis → cum ui sitis.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.30.6 (CSEL 5:510–511; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-30-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 31
7.31.1CSEL 5:511
Anno ab Vrbe condita MCXVII Iouianus tricesimus septimus imperator in summo rerum discrimine ab exercitu creatus cum et locorum iniquitate captus et hostibus circumsaeptus nullam euadendi facultatem nancisceretur, foedus cum Sapore Persarum rege, etsi parum ut putant dignum, satis tamen necessarium pepigit:
In the 1117th year from the founding of the City, Jovian, thirty-seventh, created emperor by the army at the greatest crisis of affairs, when, caught by unfavorable ground and surrounded by the enemy, he could find no possibility of escape, made a treaty with Sapor, king of the Persians, not very worthy, as they think, but necessary enough:
Notes and citation
Summary: Jovian makes peace with Persia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.31.1 (CSEL 5:511; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-31-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-31-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.31.2CSEL 5:511
quippe, ut tutum et incolumem Romanum exercitum non solum ab incursu hostium uerum etiam a locorum periculo liberaret, Nisibi oppidum et partem superioris Mesopotamiae Persis concessit.
for, to free the Roman army safe and unharmed not only from the attack of the enemy but also from the danger of the terrain, he ceded to the Persians the town of Nisibis and part of upper Mesopotamia.
Notes and citation
Summary: Nisibis is ceded.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.31.2 (CSEL 5:511; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-31-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-31-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.31.3CSEL 5:511–512
inde dum ad Illyricum rediens per Galatiam iter agit, cum in cubiculum quoddam nouum sese cubitum recepisset, calore prunarum et nidore parietum nuper calce inlitorum adgrauatus et suffocatus, octauo demum mense quam imperare coeperat uitam finiuit.
Then, while returning to Illyricum he was making his way through Galatia, when he had withdrawn to sleep in a certain new bedroom, overcome and suffocated by the heat of the coals and the smell of walls recently plastered with lime, he ended his life in only the eighth month after he began to rule.
Notes and citation
Summary: Jovian suffocates in Galatia.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.31.3 (CSEL 5:511–512; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-31-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-31-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
Seven 7, chapter 32
7.32.1CSEL 5:512
Anno ab Vrbe condita MCXVIII Valentinianus tricesimus octauus apud Nicaeam consensu militum imperator creatus est mansitque in eo annis undecim.
In the 1118th year from the founding of the City, Valentinian, thirty-eighth, was created emperor at Nicaea by consent of the soldiers and remained in it eleven years.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valentinian becomes emperor.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.1 (CSEL 5:512; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-1). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-1
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.2CSEL 5:512
qui cum Christianus integra fide sacramentum militiae gereret sub Iuliano Augusto tribunus scutariorum, iussus ab imperatore sacrilego aut immolare idolis aut militia excedere, fideliter sciens et grauiora Dei esse iudicia et meliora promissa, sponte discessit.
When, as a Christian of whole faith, he was holding his military oath under Julian Augustus as tribune of the shield guards, ordered by the sacrilegious emperor either to sacrifice to idols or to leave the army, knowing faithfully that God's judgments are heavier and his promises better, he left of his own accord.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valentinian gives up his command rather than sacrifice.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slips): et graniora Dei esse indicia → et grauiora Dei esse iudicia.
Topics: Persecution, Idolatry
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.2 (CSEL 5:512; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-2). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-2
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.3CSEL 5:512
ita parua interiecta mora Iuliano interfecto ac mox Iouiano mortuo qui pro nomine Christi amiserat tribunatum, retribuente Christo in locum persecutoris sui accepit imperium:
So, after a short interval, when Julian had been killed and soon after Jovian had died, he who had lost a tribunate for the name of Christ received, with Christ repaying, the empire in place of his persecutor:
Notes and citation
Summary: Christ rewards Valentinian with the empire.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.3 (CSEL 5:512; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-3). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-3
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.4CSEL 5:512
qui postea fratrem suum Valentem participem fecit imperii, Procopium tyrannum pluresque postea satellites eius occidit.
afterward he made his brother Valens partner of the empire, and killed the tyrant Procopius and afterward several of his henchmen.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valens becomes co-emperor; Procopius is killed.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.4 (CSEL 5:512; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-4). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-4
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.5CSEL 5:512
terrae motus per totum Orbem factus ita turbatum quoque pelagus excussit, ut per uicinas terrarum campestrium partes refuso mari plurimae insularum urbes concussae et subrutae perisse referantur.
An earthquake throughout the whole world so stirred up even the sea that, as the sea poured back over the neighboring parts of the level lands, very many cities of the islands are said to have been shaken, overthrown, and destroyed.
Notes and citation
Summary: A great earthquake and tsunami.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.5 (CSEL 5:512; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-5). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-5
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.6CSEL 5:512–513
Valens ab Eudoxio episcopo, Arriani dogmatis assertore, et baptizatus et persuasus, in saeuissimam haeresim declinauit; sed malignam insectationem diu texit nec uoluntati potestatem admiscuit, quoad uiuentis fratris auctoritate conpressus est.
Valens, both baptized and persuaded by Eudoxius, a bishop and champion of the Arian doctrine, turned aside into a most savage heresy; but he long concealed his malignant hostility and did not join power to will, as long as he was restrained by the authority of his living brother.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valens becomes an Arian.
Topics: Heresy, Baptism, Arianism
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.6 (CSEL 5:512–513; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-6). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-6
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.7CSEL 5:513
contemplabatur enim de eo, quantam uim in ulciscenda fide imperator posset exerere, qui tantam constantiam pro retinenda quondam miles habuisset.
For he considered of him how great a force as emperor he could put forth in avenging the faith, who as a soldier had once had such great constancy in keeping it.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valens feared Valentinian.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.7 (CSEL 5:513; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-7). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-7
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.8CSEL 5:513
Horum anno imperii tertio Gratianus Valentiniani filius imperator est factus. eodem anno apud Atrebatas uera lana de nubibus pluuiae mixta defluxit.
In the third year of their rule Gratian, son of Valentinian, was made emperor. In the same year at Atrebatae real wool fell from the clouds mixed with rain.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gratian is made emperor; wool falls from the sky.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Gratianus Yalentiniani → Gratianus Valentiniani.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.8 (CSEL 5:513; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-8). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-8
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.9CSEL 5:513
Praeterea Athanaricus rex Gothorum Christianos in gente sua crudelissime persecutus, plurimos barbarorum ob fidem interfectos ad coronam martyrii sublimauit, quorum tamen plurimi in Romanum solum non trepidi, uelut ad hostes, sed certi, quia ad fratres, pro Christi confessione fugerunt.
Moreover, Athanaric, king of the Goths, persecuting the Christians in his nation most cruelly, raised very many barbarians killed for the faith to the crown of martyrdom; very many of them, however, fled for the confession of Christ to Roman soil, not fearful, as if to enemies, but sure, because to brothers.
Notes and citation
Summary: Athanaric persecutes the Gothic Christians.
Topics: Persecution, Martyrdom
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.9 (CSEL 5:513; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-9). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-9
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.10CSEL 5:513–514
Valentinianus Saxones, gentem in Oceani litoribus et paludibus inuiis sitam, uirtute atque agilitate terribilem, periculosam Romanis finibus eruptionem magna mole meditantes in ipsis Francorum finibus oppressit.
Valentinian crushed in the very territory of the Franks the Saxons, a people living on the shores of the Ocean and in impassable marshes, terrible in courage and agility, who were planning with a great mass a dangerous breakout into the Roman territories.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valentinian crushes the Saxons.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): Yalentinianus Saxones → Valentinianus Saxones.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.10 (CSEL 5:513–514; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-10). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-10
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.11CSEL 5:514
Burgundionum quoque nouorum hostium nouum nomen, qui plus quam octoginta milia, ut ferunt, armatorum ripae Rheni fluminis insederunt.
The Burgundians too, the new name of new enemies, who, more than eighty thousand armed men, as they say, settled on the bank of the river Rhine.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Burgundians appear.
- The sentence has no main verb in the Latin; it is rendered as it stands.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip and stray period): nonorum hostium nouum nomen., → nouorum hostium nouum nomen,.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.11 (CSEL 5:514; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-11). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-11
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.12CSEL 5:514
hos quondam subacta interiore Germania a Druso et Tiberio, adoptiuis filiis Caesaris, per castra dispositos in magnam coaluisse gentem atque ita etiam nomen ex opere praesumpsisse, quia crebra per limitem habitacula constituta burgos uulgo uocant, eorumque esse praeualidam et perniciosam manum, Galliae hodieque testes sunt, in quibus praesumpta possessione consistunt;
That they were once, when inner Germany had been subdued by Drusus and Tiberius, the adopted sons of Caesar, placed in camps and grew together into a great people, and so also took their name from their work, because they commonly call dwellings set close together along the frontier burgi, and that their band is very strong and ruinous, the Gauls are witnesses even today, in which they remain in a possession they have seized;
Notes and citation
Summary: The origin of the Burgundians' name.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.12 (CSEL 5:514; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-12). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-12
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.13CSEL 5:514–515
quamuis prouidentia Dei Christiani omnes modo facti catholica fide nostrisque clericis, quibus oboedirent, receptis blande mansuete innocenterque uiuant, non quasi cum subiectis Gallis sed uere cum fratribus Christianis.
although by the providence of God they have all now become Christians of the catholic faith and, having received our clergy, whom they obey, they live gently, mildly, and harmlessly, not as with subject Gauls but truly with Christian brothers.
Notes and citation
Summary: The Burgundians become catholic Christians.
Topics: Church office
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.13 (CSEL 5:514–515; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-13). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-13
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.14CSEL 5:515
Anno autem undecimo imperii sui Valentinianus, cum Sarmatae sese per Pannonias diffudissent easque uastarent, bellum in eos parans apud Brigitionem oppidum subita effusione sanguinis, quod Graece apoplexis uocatur, suffocatus et mortuus est.
In the eleventh year of his rule Valentinian, when the Sarmatians had spread through the Pannonias and were laying them waste, while preparing war against them, was suffocated and died at the town of Brigetio from a sudden effusion of blood, which in Greek is called apoplexy.
Notes and citation
Summary: Valentinian dies of a stroke.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (digitization slip): cum Sannatae → cum Sarmatae.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.14 (CSEL 5:515; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-14). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-14
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).
7.32.15CSEL 5:515
Post quem Gratianus filius Occidentis imperium tenuit, Valente patruo in Orientis partibus constituto; Valentinianum etiam, fratrem suum paruum admodum, socium creauit imperii
After him his son Gratian held the empire of the West, his uncle Valens being established in the parts of the East; he also made his brother Valentinian, still quite small, partner of the empire.
Notes and citation
Summary: Gratian and Valentinian II rule the West.
Cite (SBL): Orosius, Hist. 7.32.15 (CSEL 5:515; trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-15). (abbreviation not yet checked)
Permanent link: https://sophiascriptura.com/p/orosius-historiae/7-32-15
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Translation: Translated by Claude from the Latin of Zangemeister, CSEL 5 (1882), digital text (OCR slips corrected by logged corrections; Zangemeister's square brackets treated as deletions), then compared with the copyrighted translation in Fathers of the Church 50 (Deferrari; private error-checking only, nothing copied).