1 Kings 22 in the early church
[LXX: 3 Kingdoms; Vulgate: 3 Kings]
54 passages quote, allude to, or echo 1 Kings 22, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 5 · 6 · 8 · 11 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 24 · 27 · 29 · 34 · 35 · 37 · 38 · 42 · 48 · 50
1 Kings 22:1
Then three years passed without war between Aram and Israel.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:1–38 | Against the Letter of Parmenian 2.37 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, high confidence | ca. 400 |
1 Kings 22:5
But Jehoshaphat also said to the king of Israel, “Please inquire first for the word of the LORD.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:5–8 | On Apostate Kings 8 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 22:6
So the king of Israel assembled the prophets, about four hundred men, and asked them, “Should I go to war against Ramoth-gilead, or should I refrain?” “Go up,” they replied, “and the Lord will deliver it into the hand of the king.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:6–28 | On Apostate Kings 7 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Kgs 22:6–12 | Book of Heresies 26.3 · Philastrius of Brescia | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380s |
1 Kings 22:8
The king of Israel answered, “There is still one man through whom we can inquire of the LORD, but I hate him because he never prophesies anything good for me, but only bad. He is Micaiah son of Imlah.” “The king should not say that!” Jehoshaphat replied.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:8 | Miscellanies 1.21.115 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
1 Kings 22:11
Now Zedekiah son of Chenaanah had made for himself iron horns and declared, “This is what the LORD says: ‘With these you shall gore the Arameans until they are finished off.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:11 | Letter 96.16 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Kings 22:15
When Micaiah arrived, the king asked him, “Micaiah, should we go to war against Ramoth-gilead, or should we refrain?” “Go up and triumph,” Micaiah replied, “for the LORD will deliver it into the hand of the king.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:15 | Defence of His Flight 17 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 357 |
1 Kings 22:16
But the king said to him, “How many times must I make you swear not to tell me anything but the truth in the name of the LORD?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:16 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 110 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
1 Kings 22:17
So Micaiah declared: “I saw all Israel scattered on the hills like sheep without a shepherd. And the LORD said, ‘These people have no master; let each one return home in peace.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:17–18 | On Apostate Kings 8 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
| 1 Kgs 22:17 | Apostolic Constitutions 7.10.4 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | ca. 380 |
1 Kings 22:19
Micaiah continued, “Therefore hear the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting on His throne, and all the host of heaven standing by Him on His right and on His left.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:19–23 | On First Principles 3.2.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| 1 Kgs 22:19 | Commentary on John 20.258 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Kgs 22:19 | Commentary on Matthew 16.4 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| 1 Kgs 22:19–23 | On the Witch of Endor 14 · Eustathius of Antioch | quotation, high confidence | ca. 324–337 |
| 1 Kgs 22:19 | Oration II Against the Arians 49 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, low confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| 1 Kgs 22:19 | On the Christian Faith 5.6 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 378–380 |
| 1 Kgs 22:19 | Letter 147.14 · Augustine of Hippo | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 386–430 |
1 Kings 22:20
And the LORD said, ‘Who will entice Ahab to march up and fall at Ramoth-gilead?’ And one suggested this, and another that.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:20–22 | Commentary on John 20.259 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Kgs 22:20–22 | Commentary on John 28.139 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Kgs 22:20 | Commentary on Romans 7.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| 1 Kgs 22:20–22 | Book of Heresies 26.4 · Philastrius of Brescia | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380s |
1 Kings 22:21
Then a spirit came forward, stood before the LORD, and said, ‘I will entice him.’ ‘By what means?’ asked the LORD.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:21 | Commentary on Romans 7.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| 1 Kgs 22:21–22 | On Ecclesiastical Theology 3.4.8 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, high confidence | ca. 337–339 |
| 1 Kgs 22:21 | Ancoratus 72.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
1 Kings 22:22
And he replied, ‘I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets.’ ‘You will surely entice him and prevail,’ said the LORD. ‘Go and do it.’
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:22 | Commentary on John 20.260 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Kgs 22:22 | Commentary on John 20.264 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 230–248 |
| 1 Kgs 22:22 | Commentary on Romans 7.1 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 244–246 (Rufinus's translation ca. 405–406) |
| 1 Kgs 22:22 | Letters 210, 211 · Basil of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–378 |
| 1 Kgs 22:22 | Ancoratus 72.4 · Epiphanius of Salamis | quotation, high confidence | 374 |
| 1 Kgs 22:22–23 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 52 · Anonymous | allusion, high confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
| 1 Kgs 22:22 | The Conferences 1.19 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| 1 Kgs 22:22 | The Conferences 7.32 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
| 1 Kgs 22:22 | The Conferences 24.17 · John Cassian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 426–429 |
1 Kings 22:24
Then Zedekiah son of Chenaanah went up, struck Micaiah in the face, and demanded, “Which way did the Spirit of the LORD go when He departed from me to speak with you?”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:24 | Miscellanies 1.21.115 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Kgs 22:24 | Commentary on Matthew 17.9 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 246–248 |
1 Kings 22:27
and tell them that this is what the king says: ‘Put this man in prison and feed him only bread and water until I return safely.’”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:27 | Commentary on Matthew, Latin Series 28 · Origen | allusion, high confidence | ca. 244–249 (Latin translation, 4th–5th century) |
| 1 Kgs 22:27 | Demonstration 14.45 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 22:27 | On Apostate Kings 8 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 22:29
So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah went up to Ramoth-gilead.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:29–37 | Demonstration 14.23 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 22:29–37 | Demonstration 14.40 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
1 Kings 22:34
However, a certain man drew his bow without taking special aim, and he struck the king of Israel between the joints of his armor. So the king said to his charioteer, “Turn around and take me out of the battle, for I am badly wounded!”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:34–35 | On Not Agreeing with Heretics 4 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 22:35
The battle raged throughout that day, and the king was propped up in his chariot facing the Arameans. And the blood from his wound ran out onto the floor of the chariot, and that evening he died.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:35 | On Naboth 70 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 22:35 | Questions and Answers to the Orthodox 52 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | 5th century (disputed) |
1 Kings 22:37
So the king died and was brought to Samaria, where they buried him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:37–38 | On Saint Athanasius 1.19 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 22:38
And the chariot was washed at the pool of Samaria where the prostitutes bathed, and the dogs licked up Ahab’s blood, according to the word that the LORD had spoken.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:38 | Demonstration 3.4 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 22:38 | Demonstration 9.8 · Aphrahat | allusion, high confidence | 337-345 |
| 1 Kgs 22:38 | On Naboth 48 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 22:38 | On Naboth 49 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
| 1 Kgs 22:38 | On Naboth 69 · Ambrose | allusion, high confidence | ca. 386-390 |
1 Kings 22:42
Jehoshaphat was thirty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem twenty-five years. His mother’s name was Azubah daughter of Shilhi.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:42 | Miscellanies 1.21.115 · Clement of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 198–203 |
| 1 Kgs 22:42 | Preparation for the Gospel 10.14.4 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, high confidence | ca. 313–324 |
| 1 Kgs 22:42–43 | On Apostate Kings 6 · Lucifer of Cagliari | quotation, high confidence | ca. 356–361 |
1 Kings 22:48
Jehoshaphat built ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold, but they never set sail, because they were wrecked at Ezion-geber.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:48 | Letter 37.2 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | ca. 370–419 |
1 Kings 22:50
And Jehoshaphat rested with his fathers and was buried with them in the city of his father David. And his son Jehoram reigned in his place.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Kgs 22:50 | On Apostate Kings 6 · Lucifer of Cagliari | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356–361 |