Job 41 in the early church
60 passages quote, allude to, or echo Job 41, grouped by verse; passages on the same verse are in date order. Verse text from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain). References use the Protestant English Bible's numbering, with a writer's own numbering in brackets where it differs.
Verses: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 22 · 23 · 27 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 33 · 34
Job 41:1
“Can you pull in Leviathan with a hook or tie down his tongue with a rope?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:1 (40:25 LXX) | On First Principles 1.5.5 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Job 41:1 | On Prayer 16.3 · Origen | echo, low confidence | ca. 233–234 |
| Job 41:1–2 (40:25-Job LXX) | Fragment on Job, no. 25 · Methodius of Olympus | allusion, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Job 41:1–2 (40:25-Job LXX) | Life of Antony 24 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Job 41:1 | Oration 39.16 · Gregory of Nazianzus | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 362–383 |
| Job 41:1 | Letter 21.11 · Jerome | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 370–419 |
| Job 41:1 (40:25 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 41:1 | Hexameron (Exameron) 5.5 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-390 |
| Job 41:1 (40:25 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 36.63.3 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
| Job 41:1 (40:25 LXX) | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 16 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 404 |
| Job 41:1 | Against Vigilantius 1 · Jerome | allusion, high confidence | 406 |
| Job 41:1 (40:20 Vulg.) | Apologetic Book 4.6 · Orosius | echo, low confidence | ca. 415–416 |
Job 41:2
Can you put a cord through his nose or pierce his jaw with a hook?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:2 (40:26 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 41:2 (40:26 LXX) | Commentary on the Apostles' Creed 16 · Rufinus of Aquileia | quotation, high confidence | ca. 404 |
Job 41:3
Will he beg you for mercy or speak to you softly?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:3 (40:27 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 10.8.69 · Eusebius of Caesarea | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Job 41:4
Will he make a covenant with you to take him as a slave for life?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:4 (40:28 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.12 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 41:5
Can you pet him like a bird or put him on a leash for your maidens?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:5 (40:29 LXX) | To the Bishops of Egypt 2 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356 |
| Job 41:5 (40:29 LXX) | Life of Antony 24 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Job 41:5 (40:29 LXX) | Apostolic Constitutions 8.7.5 · Anonymous | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
| Job 41:5 (40:29 LXX) | Homily 15.2 on 1 Timothy · John Chrysostom | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 392-397 |
Job 41:6
Will traders barter for him or divide him among the merchants?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:6 (40:30 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 101 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:6 (40:30 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.9.3 · Ambrose | quotation, high confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Job 41:7
Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:7 (40:31 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 101 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:7 (40:31 LXX) | Catechetical Lecture 3.11 · Cyril of Jerusalem | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 350 |
Job 41:8
If you lay a hand on him, you will remember the battle and never repeat it!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:8 (40:32 LXX) | Refutation of All Heresies 5.8.19 · Hippolytus of Rome | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 222–235 |
Job 41:9
Surely hope of overcoming him is false. Is not the sight of him overwhelming?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:9–11 (41:1-Job LXX) | Apology against Rufinus 2.7 · Jerome | quotation, high confidence | ca. 401–402 |
Job 41:10
No one is so fierce as to rouse Leviathan. Then who is able to stand against Me?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:10 (41:2 LXX) | Prophetic Extracts 3.9 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, medium confidence | before 325 (probably ca. 310–320) |
| Job 41:10 (41:2 LXX) | Demonstration of the Gospel 5.20.7 · Eusebius of Caesarea | quotation, low confidence | ca. 314–324 |
Job 41:11
Who has given to Me that I should repay him? Everything under heaven is Mine.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:11 | Commentary on Romans 11:34–35 · Ambrosiaster | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 366–384 |
| Job 41:11 (41:3 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.30 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 41:11 (41:2 Vulg.) | Book 1, chapter 24 · Anonymous | quotation, high confidence | ca. 440-450 |
Job 41:13
Who can strip off his outer coat? Who can approach him with a bridle?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:13 (41:5 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 101 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:13 (41:5 LXX) | Oration I Against the Arians 1 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 339–346 |
| Job 41:13 (41:5 LXX) | To the Bishops of Egypt 3 · Athanasius of Alexandria | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 356 |
| Job 41:13–34 | Against Jovinianus 2.4 · Jerome | quotation, medium confidence | 393 |
Job 41:14
Who can open his jaws, ringed by his fearsome teeth?
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:14 (41:6 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 101 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:14 (41:6 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 103 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:14 (41:6 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.29 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 41:15
His rows of scales are his pride, tightly sealed together.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:15 (41:7 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 103 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:15 | Homily 5 · Gregory of Nyssa | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 390–394 |
Job 41:18
His snorting flashes with light, and his eyes are like the rays of dawn.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:18–21 (41:10-Job LXX) | Life of Antony 24 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Job 41:18 (41:10 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.29 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 41:19
Firebrands stream from his mouth; fiery sparks shoot forth!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:19 (41:11 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 103 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
Job 41:20
Smoke billows from his nostrils as from a boiling pot over burning reeds.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:20 | Formulae of Spiritual Understanding 6 · Eucherius of Lyon | quotation, high confidence | ca. 420-430 |
Job 41:22
Strength resides in his neck, and dismay leaps before him.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:22 (41:14 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 103 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:22 (41:14 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.9.3 · Ambrose | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Job 41:23
The folds of his flesh are tightly joined; they are firm and immovable.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:23 (41:15 LXX) | Fragments on Job, column 103 · Origen | quotation, high confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:23 (41:15 LXX) | Explanation of Twelve Psalms 37.9.3 · Ambrose | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 387-397 |
Job 41:27
He regards iron as straw and bronze as rotten wood.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:27 (41:19 LXX) | Life of Antony 24 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
Job 41:29
A club is regarded as straw, and he laughs at the sound of the lance.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:29 (41:21 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.29 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 41:30
His undersides are jagged potsherds, spreading out the mud like a threshing sledge.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:30 | Book of Rules 7 · Tyconius | quotation, medium confidence | ca. 380 |
Job 41:31
He makes the depths seethe like a cauldron; he makes the sea like a jar of ointment.
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:31–32 (41:23-Job LXX) | Life of Antony 24 · Athanasius of Alexandria | quotation, high confidence | ca. 357–360 |
| Job 41:31 (41:23 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.29 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
Job 41:33
Nothing on earth is his equal—a creature devoid of fear!
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:33 (41:25 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.29 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |
| Job 41:33–34 (41:24-Job Vulg.) | Part 4, chapter 6 · Quodvultdeus of Carthage | quotation, high confidence | ca. 445-450 |
Job 41:34
He looks down on all the haughty; he is king over all the proud.”
| Reference | Passage | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Job 41:34 (41:26 LXX) | On First Principles 2.8.3 · Origen | allusion, medium confidence | ca. 220–230 (Rufinus's translation 398) |
| Job 41:34 | Fragments on Proverbs, column 215 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 220-254 |
| Job 41:34 | Commentary on Matthew 13.4 · Origen | allusion, low confidence | ca. 246–248 |
| Job 41:34 (41:26 LXX) | Sang. 4 · Methodius of Olympus | quotation, high confidence | late 3rd cent. (disputed) |
| Job 41:34 (41:26 LXX) | Eleven Tractates 1.30 · Priscillian | quotation, high confidence | ca. 380–385 |